, I i, ii-.J. ~. ,!

:, : + r ~~-_ r -I

j L ... J __ js~c'icJ. ~1~ '11- I!S~9.d lle~~A .1 1-- ~--j

! II, I~ r-r-rT ill iii,

:.(-) . L 4-9 Two spaceships, each measuring 100 m in its own rest frame, paSSt +.- :----t<[--;;;;.--l-.,

! " ~. [' J- by each other traveling in opposite directions. I?struments on sPOace-l L._il· ----c::+.~ .......

I, ' ! ship A determine that the front end of spaceship B requires 5.0 . X I I'f I '"D

.L ... _ 1-m 10-6 sec to traverse the full length of A. L F t =l2...~- +.:.~ : -- ...

I (a) What is the relative velocity of the two spaceships? I ! I ~; ,

i -t (b) A clock in the front end of B reads exactly one o'clock as it ;1 I--l·-t t- 1-- t--- -

! d i : ! ' I

, f----t.. passes by the front end of A. What will the clock rea as it passes by +---r'-l----t- r----

: ! I the rear end of A? 1 iii I

f I I -r-I: i~T"'T-l--, I f --r-r----:---t- +--; I :--t--~--r- f----·-'---I-----:--i---

~_: : .i.. - 1- __ L _ 1- -~ - ,,--~ l-- 1 : ~+ i J -:. +- J L .] - r -- l -! I - 1-- ! -- f --: - I

, I I 1 4.. __ " _"_~- I __ -t~- - I ~_ I ""' '--1'1 I ;=-1- L,_--j -+--=1-- I I

l ~~T- --' ~ I' --, - - --- ,s.._ - - --1" --i~~-'" f- - - ~ - ~ - 4 -----+ --- I - - [' -- [-- ,--

1 '\" I ' I I \ II! "n-I, " I! '

, I I I' I I I I '1 I,,' I' 'I

I -' i - : - ~ -'-4..L· Ji - t -Jt;--~l-- ~j - f i ~I - -1 T--rAbt-.( I I ~ r' i _f --1-T~, --.~-I-J--- r --f

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I I I I ,! I f I I ! I I I I I ) I I 1 fl\

I : I I I " I' I I I I I , I, ':' W :

,-- j-- -I 1 -, ,. -+ --+ - t- --t-- ,-- -j- - -f" ~ (,t - t --+- -~---f - -r+ - ~- : - -~ + - \ - -I - +-- : - : - j - -,

I --~-i..l~ _ ~_ ~ ~~!E r-t~ -! ~:= ~~ 1tO:Q~ l_/~_ r/A 'l j l$~ Ii<-~ I ~ -~: - it __

I I I' I I I I' I' 1 " : i . i I' I?~ I I " 1

I ' -I I l I I ,I I I I

~ -t 1 _t0jc I. :A ~~JA(lI~-£--)r ~ -r ~~ot~))~~-~=~1--I~- _£;~--lf wl:-~

, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I If- I I I I I 1 '

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t. + _ J l-=-.!-~~:l'P/--s;.f- '::."L--:~-I"-/4-- t __ I _I L.' --r i I ... l

, .. f i(+ i r .tt -1.~ : i ~ j ~ I if 1.: ! j i - i···

~- - i' -; - ~~tll ?_\.t'"-1~~-· t-v,= --~ 'I !~-'~f~~l ~-- ~ -~I? ~~-t - ~I 'Ir--+-- f - ~ -+ t---l-----t ;--- : -

I I L I I I I' ! I I I I

~- .~. ~ f _o~.~ -:- -- -~ +~-IP'~~~~ .. ..i' L~+ __ [ -- - -, -- I n -I rr -~~ ~.\?f~~- ~-'" J'

i - r -ey- ~-, -- -~~fUi~-r~~+--1f~- ~-tXf~ -~ -j- -t --~-- -;----~ - 1 I..

' . .k iJ I- +~i- -t---:--rr- L~++ i'tl i·· i + ·~1·· :;--(A .l. ~ __ , .~L~_ ~2:_ ~-r&.--~~~il--~fr-)f-. _"i~~--t(~----~-~ --

.~--*~-r- (4~-tLLHpw~l4~-~~-:-4 ~--,~ _1 i

~- ~---f*-r~-- 4+ ita¥ H- fn-r~~-- 4~ --t---t . l - ~ -i 1'----:'-r-'-+-- +----I--t-·r--~I~ !--)t-.--ot---t· +---, t- +-1 --!-'t--I-- i- -f- .. -.-:--- ..

r -l. .• ... y i h -TTTlfLfr ltdrrrr rni--r iim, j-r L r'--[-:.t---t$J~rt;i--17i· _ Cr'. C I' --i- -r-r"+--!----j--!---:---t-

r .. !.n_! "'1 .... i ~-i-l-t-'--i-i" -r~ fLr--,--)----r . ··t- . r .. -1 (--i -----t- !----:--.

f- i ... _J :- · .. t-.· •. · .. ~t. ~ .•. -. - .. j':!"r'-':-~' k,·.· .. -._-_ ... -_~ .. · ...... /.·.;.·.· .. ·.l. := L~/.l-~_--)I f-. -~' __ ~ f---t·-t--·[··

i ,- - > . +- U' 1- .'~ .. . tZf:), ~ i --J.(zt5:--

! __ [. .. ;.~ :_ i L, t._ ... J .~. ; .. : -1- l_ l l ill _l j ! l \ _ i --,-

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i __ tk :1········· r-~t-~r-¥l--:I j'~~fck4 ,- f#~/F: I_/~_d, .~-

I Iii I i I . I I"

IT t- \ .... ; ! 1 I I r

lSV~~ 4-:(1~-J".vx~ l! I-

I ' , ' , ,

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.. !

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4~ 11 A beam of unstable K + mesons, traveling at a speed of cV3 /2, passes through two counters 9-m apart;-The particles suffer a negligible loss of speed and energy in passing through the counters but give electrical pulses that can be counted. It is observed that 1000 counts I ate recorded in the first counter and 250 in the second. Assuming thai this whole decrease is due to decay of the particles in flight, what is their half-life as measured in their own rest frame?

Tt& .. ,~i ~f"~c:ot

-P~efb~--k.~~~ ec --b~ ~1;,$(> ~- __ 'I f~U

I

'11.~.~ _ d-~ -fcC __ ~ k:.+_~_~ __ -4~ ~5 ~ ,~~~~ 10

-l6_~/~k,>cv~_~w...viVA-.-t~;-~--t- f~) -...:s

-t /'6 -~ U2~~ ;"'~.s: c: t I

~~-- 4~~1-.{~~~~-~C'£~~~ 40 -e, ..,~~

N~tJ~ }l.u..r-t/1f ~T u ~k,..q-~

VJ~ ~~ ~ta.,~~ .NCo') ~ ~Dt> ~ Net'): Z.Sc)

- t I J.A....t"4,) s w{o,z..S)

)

4- J 5 A flash of light is emitted at point 0 and is later reabsorbed at point P (see the figure). In frame S, the line OP has a length I and makes an angle 8 with the x axis. In a frame S' moving relative to S with a constant velocity v along the x axis:

(a) How much time 7' elapses between emission and absorption of the light?

(b) What is the spatial separation [' between the point of emission and the point of absorption of the light?

~'-t4..r:~4~ i-'~ .... ~'C"'

. X 6:: '(~tt"'u--f~) t l-~~~f (£lr;.-~U- tc.D~9/c~) , s:

c

~/~ ~~ -t,.r(+~ -IrXf/~~ s ~~-(l ~ S».1l:

c.

b ) .2> ~ls>- lill o-<L~ ~ +t:-~~r . ~-l oS' r-: Co> 1 tk sfAr-h ~ ~":::>W\_c;..-\ UJ ')-"- d\ 'b~~ ~~ -~ ~... t -l: .1 ~-t

)_. I ~ c, + ':- ).. C - IT (rss t; J~j ~G - 'r ceo ~ ') ~("Ii -1r~/c}--

~ Slit =

I Platform

'~~o

---~~--------x IRod

I

4-17 A rod of proper length L points along the x axis but moves in a direction making an angle of 45° to this axis (see the figure). A platform, also parallel to the x axis, lies in the rod's way. but a slit of' . proper length 1.lL has been cut out of it so that the rod can easily fit through if it travels at a nonrela- • tivistic speed. What happens if its speed is O.9c? Analyze the problem from both reference frames.

~.

-X~~k~-6·f~"-~i .. ~. e·~{~·{4:~crL~

~i;l.~(CS'Ct+Jj r -= LrCc:st4~_:Jc. f \r\tv{,'t$~).S .

======== _._.,--_ .... _-_ . _._~- ....

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s~A e...l-,be.!1Cfi,0

~.~~-h~ ~~JL Gr't

ik. eYF~~-' t-S. .

I. rt: s:~ ~ S~)-;;

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I I ..... ' 4." .... '" Lit

I..- . ";;;. . .'. rz: ...

C-~ ..... ~ VI...

l·~ D.s; =I L <

tr=i:. r-t_

------

5-2 A KO meson at rest decays into a 11"+ meson and a 11"- meson, each having a speed of O.S5e. If a KO meson traveling at a speed of O.ge decays, what is the greatest speed that one of the 11" mesons can have? What is the least speed?

,

s

I

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.$ ~t ... ··77.. .. .:» ..

. ( ~"_._~.d_" --"7

.!..._----,). .;)(

()

5-6 Measurements in two frames, Sand S', are related by the usual Lorentz transformations, with v = 0.6c. At t' = 10-7 sec, a particle. leaves the point x' = 10 m, traveling in the x' direction with a constant velocity u' equal to -c/3. It is brought to rest suddenly at t' = 3 X 10-7 sec (all measurements inS'). As measured in S:

(a) What was the velocity of the particle during its trip? (b) How far did it travel?

6

,

V~~

<

~S{O'l~rSb

(j..,x" (-: -j; + (). b)_ .. c. , ..... 0.6 /'J,

)

s~Q\J\i .. s-io-p

x: ~ l () th--.. il ~ I c- =t s Xi:; -Ito (h..._ {\S 3x ~'D - =?,s

LJ~--i~ {tr\.J~±;e So

s--tcv'X;-t x,'" ~ ~;-+ \r+,l') _. (~D + o. b c. X tp- ~ ) /0,8 s 3S~ 0 .mXZ y(~~\('~:~,) e (-/Q --Ii C~j €:. to X 3)( ~~) lv, ~ :: $$',0 /)N'

5-8 Consider two inertial frames, S andS', related in the usual manner. (a) At t = 0 a photon leaves the origin of S, traveling in a direction making a 45° angle with the x axis. What angle does its trajectory make with the x' axis in S'?

(b) Repeat part (a) for a body of mass m moving in S with speed u. (c) A rod which is stationary in S makes an angle of 45° with the x axis. What angle does it make with the x' axis?

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l\ I •

1:7. "f.r;:

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i )

b) ~.

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-iN>-- e', if '!

j_~ s <if_Q,! (4-5 ~ ~ I..-~ .~~~ (,.\~~s;~ ~ J../vt .

It' ~ l~

fAbt 4/J=i..

6-3 A particle of rest mass mo and kinetic energy 2moc2 strikes and sticks to a stationary particle of rest mass 2mo. Find the rest mass . M 0 of the composite particle.

b ~ (P.)O) OJ i t;/c..'j =---c- .-- ~~O I· ~1~4/~J

~

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~ ..' ~ .. .t,\ i ~ ..

F~ ... ~ 4,.. fIA"-~~tff'Y'

)

6-7 A "photon rocket" uses pure. radiation as the propellant. If the initial and final rest masses of the rocket are M. and M" show that the final velocity v of the rocket relative to its initial rest frame is given by the equation

Ni/Mt = [(c + v}/(c - v)]1/2

.~.hc.·

... g: .. M.p V.~ .k

Co

Gt -4... r ~lrCt. £~~~'1 i€¥ .~ .. k~

~. r MpvrC: .. 4\tflA,f .. C~ os 'f ;v.,pC-'_( I -+ 11"/0)

? .--'"

)

4-18 Below are the space and time coordinates of two pairs of events. Finft the space-time interval between events 1 and 2 in each case. Taking each case in turn, answer the following questions:

(a) Could there be a causal connection between the two events? (b) Is there a frame in which the two events would be recorded

as simultaneous? If so, what is this frame?
Event 1 Event 2
Xl Y1 Zl 11 X2 Y2 Z2 12
0.3m 0.5m 0 2 X 10-9 sec O~m 0.7m 0 3 X 10-9 sec
0.7m 0.5m 0 5 X 10-9 sec OAm 0.6m 0 4 X 10-9 sec : Case A

=l:~_B -----------------

:"":"1"'- .. . .d' . .... ....

-~~ .. J.) O. ~).O._DJ~ (r~.~)

~L :: . (0.4} 0,::;. r'. O; ... L ()!~'J

--. .

( Q~J rO.t )0. 0 ) .~. (f), 3)'" ~(o,lO!HO.64=O.o~), ~ -

0 .. 04-.

.... . ... ""

~ (.o~) ~ \)

C)

- " . ':4:. 1..

~$ 's _.Cl/) .• ",-.~~~OJ'v",',~._Ed\; -6-~ -c 0 4k .. A,.J'\r~,fv,-.-{.! CV"\.~

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~ ... i~.Q'1:.~_:_Q._i.~lL.:.~~ -r~~~ ~ ~c ~~

b~ ... o-: .ce,\.,-W~.(L.~~C{~Ci'0 t~fL~tfl--..~ ...e;~~.s'.

-41. '"" (().4 ~ 0" ~) D.~O) I, z.)

(~2..~-05,\ )~ -~-<Q.Q~--+ O. C I - 0.08") :0.0 L ~ ~ S )G ~ o

~,~ {k. S:':fc.N)..-~ t553;p~o- - ~b- ~~ C~ b J;\c ~CA..t ~k_\ A,f~ .~~,k--f~tX( ~ -tL~ ~~~ ~ s.t.D",,-vJ.--{~~~~( ~lM. ~·f\c~ =r': ~{~4; ~($~ e..L~ ik ~~ C~L.~~ {k ~ ~t.s ~ ~fo.·CsI.-· ,

<1k ~~ ~.. . .. S~,,-!>,*I~~?{ b ~ I LJ 'x, -._ -f C:. ~ 1.< ."S . I{).i .~

TD f~c( u- ~ ~~ ~ tLW\-'-s {~~ ~

,~~ 1: I ~ r C -+, - \JX/c~J ~ __ r (/. s/c. .... 0) .... ((;- "LIe - ~ vert)

. c.