CLS Aipmt-17-18 XI Che Study-Package-2 SET-2 Chapter-5 PDF

Chapter 5
States of Matter
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. A sample of gas occupies 10 L under a pressure of 1 atm. What will be its volume if the pressure is increased
to 2 atm? Assuming that temperature of the gas sample does not change
(1) 2 L (2) 5L (3) 10 L (4) 1L
Sol. Answer (2)
Given: P1 = 1 atm; V1 = 10 L
P2 = 2 atm
Then, applying Boyle's Law,
P1V1 = P2V2
PV 1 atm  10 L
V2 = 1 1  5 L
or, 
P2 2 atm
1
2. A gas at a pressure of 5 atm is heated from 0° to 546°C and simultaneously compressed to rd of its original
3
volume. Hence final pressure is
(1) 10 atm (2) 45 atm (3) 30 atm (4) 5 atm
Sol. Answer (2)
Given : P1 = 5 atm
T1 = 273 K ; T2 = (273 + 546) K
= 819 K
V1
V1 = V1 ; V2 =
3
 Combining the gas laws, we obtain
P1V1 P2 V2

T1 T2
P1V1 T2 5 atm  V1  819 K 5 atm  819  3

or, P2 =  = = 45 atm
V2  T1 V1  273 K 273
3
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88 States of Matter Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
3. How much should the pressure be increased in order to decrease the volume of a gas by 5% at a constant
temperature?
(1) 5% (2) 5.26% (3) 10% (4) 4.26%
Sol. Answer (2)
5 95 V1
If V1 = V1, then, V2 = V1 – × V1 =
100 100
Let initial pressure be P1
and final pressure be P2
 Applying Boyle's law,
P1V1 = P2V2
95 V1
P1 V2 100 95
or,   
P2 V1 V1 100
P2  P1 ⎛P ⎞
Percentage increase in pressure =  100 = ⎜ 2  1⎟  100
P1 ⎝ P1 ⎠
P2 100
∵ 
P1 95
⎛ 100 ⎞ 5 500
 Percentage increase in pressure = ⎜  1⎟  100 =  100 = = 5.26%
⎝ 95 ⎠ 95 95
1
4. When the temperature is raised through 1°C the volume is increased by th times of the original volume.
273
This is
(1) Boyle's Law (2) Charles' Law (3) Avogadro Law (4) Graham's Law
Sol. Answer (2)
1
Charles’ law states that volume of a given mass of a gas increases or decreases by of the volume at
273
0°C for each degree rise or fall in temperature respectively, provided pressure is kept constant.
5. Which curve shows Charles’ law?
V 1
1
(1) V (2) (3) V (4) V
1 1
T T T T
Solution of Assignment (Set-2) States of Matter 89
Sol. Answer (2)
According to Charles’ law,
1 V
V  T  V = kT or V × =k
T
1 1
 V versus gives a hyperbolic graph i.e.,
T T
6. I, II, III are three isotherms respectively at T1, T2, T3. Temperature will be in order
P
I
II
III
V
(1) T1 = T2 = T3 (2) T1 < T2 < T3 (3) T1 > T2 > T3 (4) T1 > T2 = T3

Sol. Answer (3)
The graph is depicted as follows
P
T1
T2
T3
V
Applying Gay Lussac's law, at constant volume, as pressure increases, temperature should also increase.
 T1 > T2 > T3
7. To what temperature must a neon gas sample be heated to double its pressure if the initial volume of gas at
75°C is decreased by 15.0%?
(1) 592 K (2) 492 K (3) 542 K (4) 642 K
Sol. Answer (1)
Combining Boyle's law and Charles’ law, we get
P1V1 P2 V2

T1 T2
Initial volume, V1 = V1
15 85 V1
Final volume, V2 = V1 – × V1 =
100 100
Initial pressure, P1 = P1
Final pressure, P2 = 2P1
T1 = (273 + 75) K = 348 K
We have,
P1V1 P2 V2

T1 T2
P2 V2
or, T2 = P V  T1
1 1
85V1
2P1   348 K
= 100
P1  V1
2  85  348
= K
100
= 591.6 K
8. When a gas filled in a closed vessel is heated through 1°C, its pressure is increased by 0.4%. The initial
temperature of the gas was
(1) 250 K (2) 2500 K (3) 250°C (4) 25°C
Sol. Answer (1)
As per Gay Lussac's law,
P1 T1

P2 T2
Let initial temperature be T1 K

 Final temperature = (T1 + 1) K
Initial pressure = P1
0.4 ⎛ 0.4 ⎞
Final pressure = P1 +  P1 = P1 ⎜ 1  ⎟
100 ⎝ 100 ⎠
Then,
P2 T2

P1 T1
100.4
P1 
or, 100   T1  1 K
P1 T1 K
100.4 1
or, =1+ T
100 1
1 100.4 100.4  100

or, 
T1 100
1
100
100
 T1 = = 250
0.4
 Initial temperature = 250 K
9. “One gram molecules of a gas at N.T.P. occupies 22.4 litres”. This fact was derived from
(1) Dalton’s theory (2) Avogadro’s hypothesis
(3) Berzelius hypothesis (4) Law of gaseous volume
Sol. Answer (2)
Avogadro's hypothesis states that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and
pressure contain equal number of moles or molecules.
1 gram molecule = 1 mole of molecules.
According to ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
nRT 1mole  0.082 L atm K 1 mole1  273 K

or V = 
P 1 atm
= 22.4 L [ NTP  Normal temperature and pressure]

 1 mole of any gas will occupy 22.4 L at NTP.
10. A sample of gas at 1.2 atm and 27°C is heated at constant pressure to 57°C. Its final volume is found to be
4.75 litres. What was its original volume?
(1) 4.32 litres (2) 5.02 litres (3) 4.22 litres (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Initial temperature, T1 = (273 + 27) K = 300 K
Final temperature, T2 = (273 + 57) K = 330 K
Let Initial volume be V1
Final volume be V2 = 4.75 L
Applying Charles' law
V1 T1

V2 T2
T1  V2 300 K  4.75 L
or, 
V1 = T2
 4.32 L
330 K
11. If the density of a certain gas at 30°C and 768 torr is 1.35 kg/m3 its density at STP would be
(1) 1.48 kg/m3 (2) 1.58 kg/m3 (3) 1.25 kg/m3 (4) 1.4 kg/m3
Sol. Answer (1)
Density at T1 and P1 = 1.35 kg/m3
where, T1 (Initial temperature) = 303 K
768 torr
P1 (Initial pressure) =  1bar
768 torr bar 1
T2 (Final temperature) = 273 K

P2(Final pressure) = 1 bar
Density is represented for an ideal gas as
P1M
d1 = RT , where M = molecular mass
1
P2M
and d2 = RT
2
P2M
d2 RT2 T P
  1  2
d1 = P1M T2 P1
RT1
d2 T1
 d1 = T2 (∵ P1 = P2 = 1 bar)
T1 303 K
 d2 = × d1 = × 1.35 kg m–3 = 1.49 kg m–3
T2 273 K
12. A vessel has 6 g of oxygen at a pressure P and temperature 400 K. A small hole is made in it so that O2
leaks out. How much O2 leaks out if the pressure is P/2 and temperature 300 K?
(1) 5 g (2) 4g (3) 2g (4) 3g
Sol. Answer (3)
pV = nRT (Let pressure is P)
P1 w1T1 ⎡ P⎤
or, P  w T  
⎢P1 P, P2
2 2 2 ⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
P 6  400

P w 2  300
2
w2 = 4 g
Mass of O2 leaks out is = 6 – 4 = 2 g
13. What percent of a sample of nitrogen must be allowed to escape if its temperature, pressure and volume are to be
changed from 220°C, 3 atm and 1.65 litre to 110°C, 0.7 atm and 1.00 litre respectively?
(1) 81.8% (2) 71.8% (3) 76.8% (4) 86.8%
Sol. Answer (1)
Let initial number of moles be n1
and final number of moles be n2
 Escaped moles = n2 – n1
n2  n1 ⎛ n2 ⎞
% of molecules escaped from sample =  100 = ⎜ n  1⎟  100
n1 ⎝ 1 ⎠
Applying ideal gas equation,
P1V1 P2 V2

n1T1 n2 T2
n2 P2 V2 T 0.7 atm  1L  (220  273) K

or,   1  = 81.8%
n1 T2 P1V1 (110  273) K  3 atm  1.65 L
14. 2 g of gas A introduced in a evacuated flask at 25°C. The pressure of the gas is 1 atm. Now 3 g of another
gas B is introduced in the same flask so total pressure becomes 1.5 atm. The ratio of molecular mass of A
and B is
3 1 1 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 3 4 3
Sol. Answer (2)

Partial pressure of A  PA = 1 atm
Partial pressure of B  PB = (1.5 – 1) atm = 0.5 atm
Then,
PA = Ptotal A …(1)
and PB = Ptotal B …(2)
where, A is mole fraction of A
and B is mole fraction of B
Dividing (2) by (1), we get
nB
PB B nA  nB n
   B
PA  A nA nA
nA  nB
WB WA
nB = M ; nA = M [where, WA, WB = Weight of A, B and MA, MB = Molecular mass ]
B A
WB
nB M W M P
  B  B  A  B
nA WA WA MB PA
MA
Putting the values, we get
MA PB WA 0.5 atm 2 g 1
    
MB PA WB 1 atm 3g 3
15. Which mixture of gases at room temperature does not obey Dalton's law of partial pressure?
(1) NO2 and O2 (2) NH3 and HCl (3) CO and CO2 (4) SO2 and SO3
Sol. Answer (2)
NH3 and HCl mixture would not follow Dalton's law of partial pressure as they react to form NH4Cl
NH3(g) + HCl(g)  NH4Cl(s)
16. The partial pressure of hydrogen in a flask containing 2 g H2 and 32 g SO2 is

(1) 1/16th of total pressure (2) 1/9th of total pressure
(3) 2/3rd of total pressure (4) 1/8th of total pressure
Sol. Answer (3)

Let total pressure be PT
Then, pH2 = PT H2
nH2
Where, H2 = n  n
H2 O2
2g
nH2  = 1 mol
2 g mol1
32 g 1

nSO2  mol
1 2
64 g mol
1 2
 
nH2 
1 3
1
2
2 2
pH2  PT i.e., rd of total pressure.
3 3
17. The two bulbs of volume 5 litre and 10 litre containing an ideal gas at 9 atm and 6 atm respectively are connected.
What is the final pressure in the two bulbs if the temperature remains constant?
(1) 15 atm (2) 7 atm (3) 12 atm (4) 21 atm
Sol. Answer (2)
Considering two separate conditions for the gases.
1 2
Gas 1
P1 = 9 atm V1 = 5 L
P2 = P2 V2 = (5 + 10) L = 15 L
5L 10 L
P1V1 9 atm  5 L
 
P2 =  3 atm
V2 15 L
Which should be the partial pressure of gas 1 after mixing

Gas 2
P1= 6 atm V1 = 10 L
P2 = P2 V2 = 15 L
PV 6 atm  10 L
P2 = 1 1  4 atm

V2 15 L
Which should be partial pressure of gas 2 after mixing.

 Total pressure = (4 + 3) atm = 7 atm
18. Two non-reactive gases A and B are present in a container with partial pressures 200 and 180 mm
of Hg. When a third non-reactive gas C is added then total pressure becomes 1 atm then mole fraction of C
will be
(1) 0.75 (2) 0.5
(3) 0.25 (4) Cannot be calculated
Sol. Answer (2)
Given, PA = 200 mm of Hg
PB = 150 mm of Hg
Ptotal = 1 atm = 760 mm of Hg
Also, according to Dalton's law of partial pressure,
Ptotal = pA + pB + pC
or, pC = ptotal – pA – pB = (760 – 200 – 180) mm Hg = 380 mm Hg
Also,
pC = ptot C
pC 380
or, C = p  760 0.5
total
19. The density of neon will be highest at

(1) STP (2) 0°C and 2 atm (3) 273°C and 1 atm (4) 273°C and 2 atm
Sol. Answer (2)
PM
d=
RT
P
 d
T
P
Among the options, is highest for 2 atm and 0°C.
T
20. Which of the following relation is correct for an ideal gas?
V P MV P d P
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) All of these
n RT m RT M RT
Sol. Answer (3)
As per ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
w w  Mass of gas
n= ;
M M  Molar mass of gas
wRT
 PV =
M
w PM
or, 
V RT
PM ⎡ w⎤
or, d = ⎢ d V ⎥⎦
RT ⎣
where d is density.
Options (1) and (2) do not stand for ideal gases.
21. A bottle of dry ammonia and a bottle of dry hydrogen chloride connected through a long tube are opened
simultaneously at both ends, the white ammonium chloride ring first formed will be
(1) At the centre of the tube (2) Near the hydrogen chloride bottle
(3) Near the ammonia bottle (4) Throughout the length of the tube
Sol. Answer (2)
According to Graham's law of diffusion
r1 M2

r2 M1
i.e., Rate of diffusion is inversely proportional molar mass.

Molar mass of HCl > Molar mass of NH3
 Rate of diffusion of HCl < Rate of diffusion of NH3
Hence, NH3 diffuses (travels) faster and forms NH4Cl near HCl chamber.
22. The rates of diffusion of gases A and B of molecular weights 100 and 81 respectively are in the ratio of
(1) 9 : 10 (2) 10 : 9 (3) 100 : 18 (4) 81 : 100
Sol. Answer (1)
According to Graham's law of diffusion,
rA MB 81 9
    9 : 10
rB MA 100 10
23. 100 mL of O2 gas diffuses in 10 s. 100 mL of gas 'X' diffuses in 't' sec. Gas 'X' and time 't' can be
(1) H2, 2.5 s (2) SO2, 16 s (3) CO, 10 s (4) He, 4 s
Sol. Answer (1)
Same volume of gas is being diffused.
 As per Graham's law diffusion,
V1
t1 r1 M2
 
V2 r2 M1
t2
t1 M2
or, t  M
2 1
Let gas 1 be O2
MO2 MO2 M2
M2 
  2
t O2 t2
or tO t 22
2
M2 32 2 2
or,   
t 22 10  10 6.25 (2.5)2
Which is possible when M2 = 2 g mol–1 and t2 = 2.5 s

Which is possible for H2, 2.5 s
24. Pressure exerted by a perfect gas is equal to
(1) Mean kinetic energy per unit volume (2) Half of the mean kinetic energy per unit volume
(3) Two thirds of mean kinetic energy per unit volume (4) One third of mean kinetic energy per unit volume
Sol. Answer (3)
According to kinetic theory of gases,
3RT
C= ; C  Root mean square velocity
M
3RT
or, C2 =
M
C2 RT PV
or,   [ PV = nRT]
3 M w
w  C2 2 ⎛1 ⎞
 wC2 ⎟
3V ⎜⎝ 2
or, P =
3V ⎠
2 rd
or, P = of mean kinetic energy per unit volume.
3
25. When there can be more deviation in the behaviour of a gas from the ideal gas equation PV = nRT
(1) At high temperature and low pressure (2) At low temperature and high pressure
(3) At high temperature and high pressure (4) At low temperature and low pressure
Sol. Answer (2)
A real gas tends towards ideal behaviour when pressure is low and temperature is high. Maximum deviation
from ideal gas is seen when pressure is high and temperature is low.
26. In van der Waal’s equation of state for a non-ideal gas, the term that accounts for intermolecular forces is
⎡ a ⎤
(1) V – 1 (2) RT (3) ⎢P  2 ⎥ (4) (RT)–1
⎣ V ⎦
Sol. Answer (3)

A real gas experiences attractive intermolecular forces from other molecules, and as an effect, the force with
which a molecule hits the wall of container decreases. Thus pressure of real gas is lesser than that of ideal
gas.
an2
 Preal = Pideal –
V2
an2
or, Pideal = Preal +
V2
This above expression takes intermolecular forces into account.
27. van der Waal’s constant ‘a’ has the dimensions of

(1) mol L–1 (2) atm L2 mol–2 (3) litre mol–1 (4) atm L mol–2
Sol. Answer (2)
⎛ 2⎞
According to van der Waal's equation, ⎜ P  an ⎟  V  nb  
nRT
⎜ V 2 ⎟⎠
⎝
an2
 P = atm
V2
an2
 = atm
V2
V2 atm L2
 a = atm × = = atm L2 mol–2
n2 mol2
28. van der Waal found that two assumptions made by kinetic theory of gases were wrong, one of them is that
gas molecules are
(1) Very large (2) Compressible
(3) Point particles without significant volume (4) Spherical
Sol. Answer (3)
According to van der Waal's, two postulates of kinetic theory of gases were wrong. These are:
(1) Forces of attraction between gas molecules are zero (Pressure correction)
(2) Volume occupied by the molecules themselves is negligibly small as compared to the total volume of the
gas (volume correction)
29. Which one is correct relation for 1 mole of real gases?
⎛ a ⎞ RT a
(1) ⎜ P  2 ⎟ (V  b) 
RT (2) P  2
⎝ V ⎠ (V  b) V
⎛ a ⎞ (R  T )
(3) ⎜ P  ⎟  (4) Both (1) & (2)
⎝ V 2 ⎠ (V  b)
Sol. Answer (4)

As per van der Waal's equation
⎛ an2 ⎞
⎜P  ⎟  V  nb  
nRT
⎜ V 2 ⎟⎠
⎝
For 1 mole, n = 1
⎛ a ⎞
 ⎜ P  2 ⎟  V  b 
RT
⎝ V ⎠
Rearranging, we get,
RT a
P= 
V  b V2
30. For a real gas, Z shows
(1) Z < 1, gas is less compressible (2) Z > 1, gas is more compressible
(3) Z = , for an ideal gas (4) PV  nRT, for real gas
Sol. Answer (4)
For real gas, Z  1
i.e., PV  1 or, PV  nRT

nRT
31. The compressibility factor ‘Z’ for the gas is given by
PVobs
(1) Z = PVobs (2) Z (3) Z = nRT (4) Z = PV.nRT
nRT
Sol. Answer (2)
Vobserved
For a gas, Z = Videal
nRT
Videal =
P
Vobserved P  Vobserved
 Z= 
nRT nRT
P
32. Which of the following gas always shows positive deviation from ideal gas behaviour?
(1) H2 (2) CO2 (3) NH3 (4) CH4
Sol. Answer (1)
Z versus pressure graph for H2 shows positive deviation always i.e. at all pressures.
33. For non-zero value of force of attraction between gas molecules, gas equation will be
n2a P
nRT
(1) 
PV nRT  (2) 
PV nRT  nbP (3) (4) PV = nRT
V V b
Sol. Answer (1)
For only pressure correction, van der Waal's equation is
⎛ an2 ⎞
⎜⎜ P  2 ⎟⎟ V 
nRT
⎝ V ⎠
an2

P nRT 
V
34. What is the ratio of the average molecular kinetic energy of UF6 to that of H2 both at 300 K?
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 349 : 2 (3) 2 : 349 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Average molecular kinetic energy,
3
KE  kT
2
3
For,UF6, 
K.E.UF6 k  300 K
2
3
H2 , K. E.
H k  300 K
2 2
K.E.UF6
  1: 1
K.E.H2
35. If pressure of a fixed quantity of a gas is increased 4 times keeping the temperature constant, the r.m.s. velocity
will be
1
(1) 4 times (2) 2 times (3) Same (4) times
2
Sol. Answer (3)
3RT
rms velocity, Crms =
M
 Change in pressure is not going to affect the root mean square velocity.
36. The total kinetic energy in joules of the molecules in 8 g of methane at 27°C is
(1) 3741.30 J (2) 935.3J (3) 1870.65 J (4) 700 J
Sol. Answer (3)
According to equipartition theorem,
3
Total energy = nRT
2
8g
Moles = = 0.5 mol–1
16 g mol1
3
 Total kinetic energy = 0.5 mol × × 8.314 J K–1 mol–1 × 300 K
2
3  300  8.314
= J = 1870.65 J
4
37. At what temperature the RMS velocity of oxygen will be same as that of methane at 27°C?
(1) 54°C (2) 327 K (3) 600 K (4) 573 K
Sol. Answer (3)
3RT
 Crms O2 
32
3R  300 K
 Crms CH4 
16
 Crms O2   Crms CH4

3RT 3R  300 K
or, 
32 16
T 300
or, =  T = 600 K
32 16
38. The temperature at which the root mean square velocity of SO2 molecules is the same as that of O2 at 27°C
is
(1) 600°C (2) 300°C (3) 327°C (4) 27°C
Sol. Answer (3)
3RT
 Crms SO2 
64
3R  300 K
 Crms O2 
32
 Crms O2   Crms SO2
3RT 3R  300 K
 =
64 32
 T = 600 K = (600 – 273)°C = 327°C
39. The average velocity of an ideal gas molecule at 27°C is 0.3 m/s. The average velocity at 927°C will be
(1) 0.6 m/s (2) 0.3 m/s (3) 0.9 m/s (4) 3.0 m/s
Sol. Answer (1)
 vav 
300 K 8RT

M
8R  300 K
M
 vav 1200 K  8R  1200 K

M
Dividing both expressions,
 vav 300 K 1 1
 
 vav 1200 K 4 2
or,  vav 1200 K  300 K

= 2 × v av = 2 × 0.3 ms–1 = 0.6 ms–1
40. At what temperature will the total KE of 0.3 mol of He be the same as the total KE of 0.4 mol of Ar at 400 K?
(1) 533 K (2) 400 K (3) 346 K (4) 300 K
Sol. Answer (1)
3
(Total K.E.)He = RT × 0.3 mol
2
3
(Total K.E.)Ar = R × 400 K × 0.4 mol
2
 Total energy of both the gases are same,
3 3
 RT × 0.3 mol = R × 400 K × 0.4 mol
2 2
0.4
 T=  400 K = 533.3 K
0.3
41. The time taken for a certain volume of gas to diffuse through a small hole was 2 min. Under similar conditions
an equal volume of oxygen took 5.65 minute to pass. The molecular mass of the gas is
(1) 32.0 (2) 11.33 (3) 4.0 (4) 8.0
Sol. Answer (3)
As per Graham's law of diffusion,
r1 M2
 …(1)
r2 M1
 Volume of gas diffused is same,
r1 t 2
  …(2)
r2 t1
Combining (1) and (2), we get
t2 M2

t1 M1
t 22 M2
or, 
t12 M1
M2  t12 32 g mol1  4 min2


or, M1 =  4.0 .
t 22 5.65  5.65 min2
42. The r.m.s. velocity of hydrogen is 7 times the r.m.s. of nitrogen. If T is the temperature of the gas then
(1) TH2  TN2 (2) TH2  TN2 (3) TH2  TN2 (4) TH2  7 TN2
Sol. Answer (3)
 vrms H2  7  vrms N

2
3 R TH2 3 R  TN2  7
or, 
MH2 MN2
TH2 TN2
or,  7
2 28
or, 2 TH2  TN2
 TH2  TN2 [∵ 2 × 4 = 8  4 < 8]
43. Distribution of fraction of molecules with velocity is represented in the figure.
N
N0 X
Velocity
Velocity corresponding to point X is
2RT 3RT 8RT 2RT

(1) (2) (3) (4)
M M M M
Sol. Answer (1)
X
N
N0
Velocity
The highest point in the graph corresponds to the most probable speed which is represented as
2 RT
vmps = .
M
44. Tc and Pc of a gas are 400 K and 41 atms. respectively. The Vc is
400 R 150 R 41 R 300 R

(1) (2) (3) (4)
41 41 400 41
Sol. Answer (2)
Relation between critical constants is given as
3
PCVC = RTC
8
3 RTC 3  400 K  R 150 R

 
VC = 8 P  K atm1
C 8  41 atm 41
45. Boyle’s temperature and inversion temperature are related as
(1) Ti = Tb (2) 2T = Tb (3) Ti = 2Tb (4) Ti = Tb
Sol. Answer (3)

Boyle's temperature is the temperature at which real gases obey ideal gas equation over an appreciable range
of pressure.
a
It is given as, TB =
Rb
Inversion temperature is the temperature at which no heating or cooling of gas can occur. It is given as
2a
Ti =
Rb
 Ti = 2 TB
46. The critical temperature of a gas is related to van der Waal’s constants as
a 8a 27bR
(1) Tc = 3b (2) Tc = 2 (3) Tc = (4) Tc =
27b 27bR 8a
Sol. Answer (3)
Critical temperature of a gas is related to van der Waals constants as
8a
TC = 27 Rb
47. Boyle’s temperature Tb is equal to
a a 2a a
(1) (2) (3) (4)
b bR bR 2bR
Sol. Answer (2)
Boyle's temperature, Tb is equal to
a
Tb =
bR
48. The point at which densities of a substance in gaseous as well as in liquid state are same called
(1) Critical point (2) Isoelectric point (3) Isotonic point (4) Ideal point
Sol. Answer (1)
The density of gas is same in gaseous phase as in liquid phase at critical point.
49. Which of the following is correct regarding viscosity?

(1) It is internal resistance of a liquid to flow
(2) It increases with increase in temperature of the liquid
(3) Coefficient of viscosity is not represented by ‘’
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Viscosity is the internal resistance offered by an adjacent layer when a layer starts to flow.
It decreases with increase in temperature. Coefficient of viscosity is denoted by .
50. If saturated vapours are compressed slowly at constant temperature to half the initial volume, the vapour
pressure will
(1) Becomes double (2) Becomes 4 times
(3) Becomes half (4) Remains unchanged
Sol. Answer (4)
Since temperature remains constant, therefore number of liquid molecules leaving the surface would be equal
to number of molecules condensing. Thus vapour pressure remains same.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. A graph of Maxwell distribution of molecular velocities is plotted below.
T1
T2
N/N0
T3
Velocity
Correct order of temperature
(1) T1 > T2 > T3 (2) T1 < T2 < T3 (3) T1 = T2 > T3 (4) T1 = T2 = T3
Sol. Answer (2)
As temperature increases, most probable velocity also increases, although fraction of molecules having most
probable velocity decreases.
 T3 > T2 > T1
2. A spherical balloon of 21 cm diameter is to be filled up with H2 at NTP from a cylinder containing the gas at
20 atm at 27°C. The cylinder can hold 2.82 litre of water. The number of balloons that can be filled up
(1) 11 (2) 10 (3) 8 (4) 1
Sol. Answer (2)
3
4 3 4 22 ⎛ 21 ⎞
r =  
3 7 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
Volume of the balloon = = 4851 cm3
3
Volume of the cylinder = 2.82 L = 2820 cm3

P = 20 atm
T = 300 K
Converting this to the volume at NTP
P1V1 P2 V2
T1 = T2
20  2820
=
300
1 V2
=
273
 V2 = 51324 cm3
When the pressure in the cylinder is reduced to one atm, no more H2 will be released and 2820 cm3 of H2
will be left
 Volume of H2 used in filling ballons = 51324 – 2820 = 48504 cm3
48504
Number of balloons filled = = 10
4851
3. What is the correct increasing order of liquefiability of the gas?

(1) H2 < N2 < CH4 < CO2 (2) H2 < CO2 < CH4 < N2
(3) CO2 < CH4 < N2 < H2 (4) CO2 < CH4 < H2 < N2
Sol. Answer (1)
The graph of Z versus P is given as
Z
N2
H2
CH4
CO2
P
The higher the compressibility factor at a pressure, the more difficult would it be to liquify the gas.
 Ease of liquefaction
CO2 > CH4 > N2 > H2
4. 4 g argon (Atomic mass = 40) in a bulb at a temperature of T K has a pressure P atm. When the bulb was placed
in hot bath at a temperature 50°C more than the first one, 0.8 g of gas had to be removed to get the original
pressure. T is equal to
(1) 510 K (2) 200 K (3) 100 K (4) 73 K
Sol. Answer (2)
The state of bulb changes from T K to T + 50 K
Final pressure remains the same.
Applying ideal gas equation,
P1V1 = n1RT1
n1RT1
or, P1 = V1
And, P2V2 = n2RT2
n2RT2
or, P2 = V2
∵ P1 = P2
n1T1 n2 T2
 
V1 V2
4g
Initially, n1 = = 0.1 mol
40 g mol1
 4 g – 0.8 g
Finally, n2 = = 0.08 mol
40 g mol1
Also, the volume of the bulb remains the same.

Hence, V1 = V2
So, n1T1 = n2T2
T 0.08
or, 
T  50 0.1
or, 10 T = 8 (T + 50)
or, 10 T = 8 T + 400
or, 2 T = 400
 T = 200
Initial temperature = T K = 200 K.
5. A flask containing air (open to atmosphere) is heated from 300 K to 500 K. Then percentage of air escaped
to the atmosphere is
(1) 20 (2) 40 (3) 60 (4) 80
Sol. Answer (2)
Pressure and volume of air in the flask remains same throughout.
Temperature changes from 300 K to 500 K
Let number of moles of air change from
n1 to n2
 n1T1 = n2T2
n1 T2 500 K 5
or,   
n2 T1 300 K 3
⎛ n1  n2 ⎞ ⎛ n2 ⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
% of air escaped = ⎜ n ⎟  100 = ⎜ 1  ⎟  100 = ⎜ 1  ⎟  100 = 2  100 = 40
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ n1⎠ ⎝ 5⎠ 5
6. Equal mass of H2, He and CH4 are mixed in empty container at 300 K, when total pressure is 2.6 atm. The partial
pressure of H2 in the mixture is
(1) 0.5 atm (2) 1.6 atm (3) 0.8 atm (4) 0.2 atm
Sol. Answer (2)
Let mass of all 3 gases mixed be x g.
x
 Number of moles of H2 =
2
x
Number of moles of He =
4
x
Number of moles of CH4 =
16
x
nH2 8
 H2 , mole fraction of H2 = = 2 
ntotal x x x 13
 
2 4 16
 Partial pressure of H2, pH2 = Ptotal H2
8
= 2.6 atm × = 1.6 atm
13
7. At STP 16 mL of O2 diffused through a porous partition in t seconds. What volume of CO2 will diffuse in the same
time and under the same conditions?
(1) 13.65 mL (2) 10.5 mL (3) 20.2 mL (4) 224.8 mL
Sol. Answer (1)
Applying Graham's law of diffusion,
r1 M2

r2 M1
∵ Time of diffusion is same,
V1 M2
 
V2 M1
V1 = 16 mL
M1 = 32 g mol–1
M2 = 44 g mol–1
V1 44
 
V2 32
16 mL
or, V2 =  13.8  13.65 mL
44
32
8. The molecular velocities of two gases at the same temperature are u1 and u2 and their molar masses are m1
and m2 respectively. Which of the following expressions are correct?
m1 m m1 m2
(1)  22 (2) m1u1  m2u2 (3)  (4) m1u12  m2u22
2
u1 u u1 u2
Sol. Answer (4)

∵ Temperature is same,
1
V
M
where, V = molecular velocity
M = molecular mass
V1 M2
 
V2 M1
V12 M2
or, 
V22 M1
Replacing the values,
u12 m2

u22 m1
or, m1u12  m2u22
9. Correct statement
(1) At constant temperature, the KE of all the gas molecules is the same
(2) At constant temperature, average KE of gas molecules remain constant but KE of individual molecule may
differ
(3) At constant temperature, the KE is greater for heavier gas molecules
(4) At constant temperature, the KE is less for heavier gas molecules
Sol. Answer (2)
According to kinetic theory of gases, at constant temperature, average K.E. of gas molecules remain constant
but K.E. of individual molecules differ since they have different velocities.
10. Air contains 23% oxygen and 77% nitrogen by weight. The percentage of O2 by volume is
(1) 28.1 (2) 20.7 (3) 21.8 (4) 23.0
Sol. Answer (2)
w O2
Given:  100 = 23
w total
wN2
And,  100 = 77
w total
w O2 23
 
w N2 77
Now applying ideal gas equation

PV = nRT
wRT
or PV =
M
PVM
or, w =
RT
 Temperature and pressure remains same for air,
w O2 VO2 MO2

w N2 VN2 MN2
VO2 w O2 MN2 23 28 23
or,   =  
VN2 w N2 MO2 77 32 88
VO2
Now, % volume of O2 =  100
Vtotal
VO2 23

VN2 88
VO2
Vtotal 23
or, 
VN 88
2
Vtotal
VO2 VN 2
Now, 1  
Vtotal Vtotal
VO2
Vtotal 23
 
VO2 88
1
Vtotal
VO2
Let x
Vtotal
x 23
 
1  x 88
 88 x = 23 – 23 x
23
 x=
111
VO2 23
 
Vtotal 111
VO2 23
 %V =  100   100  20.72
Vtotal 111
11. The density of gas A is twice that of gas B at the same temperature. The molecular weight of gas B is thrice
that of A. The ratio of pressure acting on A and B will be
(1) 6 : 1 (2) 7:8 (3) 2:5 (4) 1:4
Sol. Answer (1)
dA RT
PA =
MA
dBRT
PB =
MB
PA dA MB 2 3
  
PB = dB MA = 1 1 = 6 : 1
12. The compressibility of a gas is less than unity at STP. Therefore,

(1) V > 22.4 L (2) V < 22.4 L (3) V = 22.4 L (4) V = 44.8 L
Sol. Answer (2)
Vreal
Compressibility factor, Z =
Videal
Z<1
Vreal
 <1
Videal
 Vreal < Videal = 22.4 L

 Vreal < 22.4 L (at STP)
13. When the temperature of certain sample of a gas is changed from 30°C to 606 K and its pressure is reduced
to half, the volume of gas changes from V to V2. The value of V is
(1) 2 dm3 (2) 4 dm3 (3) 8 dm3 (4) Unpredictable
Sol. Answer (2)
Given:
T1 = 30°C = 303 K
T2 = 606 K
P1 = P
P
P2 =
2
V1 = V
V2 = V2
P1V1 T
  1
P2 V2 T2
P
V1 T1 P2 303 K 2
or,    
V2 T2 P1 606 K P
V 1
or, 
2 4
V
1 1
or, 
V 4
or, V = 4 dm3
14. Molar mass of certain gas A is half that of B. If rms speed of molecules of A at certain temperature is 200
ms–1. The rms speed of B at the temperature half that of A will be
(1) 200 ms–1 (2) 100 ms–1 (3) 300 ms–1 (4) 400 ms–1
Sol. Answer (2)
T
Vrms 
M
 Vrms A TA MB
  
 Vrms B TB MA
Now, TA = 2TB
and MB = 2 MA
 Vrms A 2TB  2MA

   22 = 2
 Vrms B TB  MA
 Vrms A 200
or,  Vrms B = =
2
ms–1 = 100 ms–1
2
15. In what ratio by mass, the gases CO and 2 butene (C4H8) be mixed in a vessel so that they cause same
partial pressures?
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2:1 (3) 1:2 (4) 1:3
Sol. Answer (3)
We know,
partial pressure, pCO = ptotal × CO
pC
4H8
ptotal  C4H8
pCO
Given, 1
pC4H8
CO
 1
C4H8
nCO
or, 1
nC4H8
i.e., Ratio of moles = 1 : 1

 Ratio of weight = Ratio of weight of 1 moles = 28 : 56 = 1 : 2
16. A sample of gas contains N1 molecules and the total kinetic energy at –123°C is E1 ergs. Another sample
of gas at 27°C has total kinetic energy as 2E1 ergs. Assuming gases to be ideal, the number of gas molecules
in the second sample will be
(1) N1 (2) N1/2 (3) 2N1 (4) 4N1
Sol. Answer (1)
Total kinetic energy of n molecules is given as
3
K.E. = nKT
2
 At – 123°C (or 150 K)
3
KE1 = N k × 150 k = E1
2 1
At 27°C (or 300 K)
3
K.E2 = n' k × 300 K = 2 E1
2
3 3
 n' k × 300 K = 2 × × N1k × 150 K.
2 2
2  N1
N' = = N1
2
17. A gas in a vessel is heated in such a way that its pressure and volume both become two times. The
temperature of the gas expressed in Kelvin scale becomes
(1) Half (2) Becomes two times
(3) Becomes 2/3rd of its original value (4) Becomes four times
Sol. Answer (4)
Given :
If, P1 = P1 ; P2 = 2P1
V1 = V1 ; V2 = 2V1
T1 = T1 ; T2 = T2
Now, we have,
P1V1 = nRT1
and P2V2 = nRT2
or, 2P1 × 2V1 = nRT2
or, 4 P1V1 = nRT2
nRT2
 = nRT1
4
or, T2 = 4T1
18. At constant volume for a fixed number of a moles of a gas, the pressure of the gas increases with the rise
in temperature due to
(1) Increase in average molecular speed (2) Increase in rate of collisions amongst
(3) Increase in molecular attraction (4) Increase in mean free path
Sol. Answer (1)
When number of moles of a gas and volume is fixed, then increase in temperature results in an increase in
velocity of molecules. As a result change in momentum increases and hence force increases. Increase in force
results in increase in pressure.
19. The root mean square velocity of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies with density as
1
(1) d2 (2) d (3) d (4)
d
Sol. Answer (4)
3RT
Vrms =
M
Now, we know, PV = nRT
n
or, P = RT
V
dRT
or, P =
M
P RT
or, 
d M
3P
 Vrms =
d
1
 Vrms 
d
20. Which of the following has maximum number of molecules?

(1) 2.7 g of NH3 (2) 1 L SO2 at STP (3) 2 L of Cl2 at STP (4) 0.1 mol of H2S
Sol. Answer (1)
Maximum number of moles  maximum number of molecules
2.7
NH3  n = moles = 0.15 moles
17
1
SO2  n = moles = 0.04 moles
22.4
2
Cl2  n = moles = 0.08 moles
22.4
H2S  n = 0.1 moles
21. The mixture of three gases X, Y and Z is enclosed in a closed vessel at constant temperature. Molecular weight of
X is the highest and that of Y is the least. When equilibrium is established the
(1) Gas X will be more at bottom (2) Gas Y will be more at top
(3) Gas X, Y, Z are homogeneously present (4) Gas Y will be more at bottom
Sol. Answer (3)
Assuming that the gases are non-reactive, then at equilibrium, all the gases diffuse so as to obtain a
homogeneous mixture.
22. Density of gaseous mixture A and B from percentage volume is given as
dA dB
(1)
dmix  (2) 
dmix d A  (%A)  dB  (%B)
(%A) (%B)
d A  (%A)  dB  (%B) d A  dB
(3) dmix  (4) dmix 
100 100
Sol. Answer (3)
w mix w A  wB wA wB
dmix = V V

V

V
total total total total
Now, wA = dA × VA
⎛ V ⎞ ⎛ V ⎞
dA  ⎜ A  100 ⎟  dB  ⎜ B  100 ⎟
dA  VA dB VB ⎝ Vtotal ⎠ ⎝ Vtotal ⎠ dA  %A   dB  %B 
 dmix = V  = =
total Vtotal 100 100
23. The Critical temperature, Boyle’s temperature and Inversion temperature respectively are given as
a 8a 2a 8a a 2a 8a a 2a a a 2a
(1) , , (2) , , (3) , , (4) , ,
Rb 27Rb Rb 27Rb Rb Rb Rb Rb Rb Rb 27Rb Rb
Sol. Answer (2)
Critical temperature , TC is given as,
8a
TC =
27 Rb
Boyle's temperature is given as
a
TB 
Rb
and inversion temperature is given as
2a
Ti 
Rb
24. Which of the following is incorrect for pressure units?

(1) 1 atmosphere is equal to 1.01325 bar (2) 1.01325 bar is equal to 0.875 atmosphere
(3) 1.01325 × 105 Pa is equal to 1.01325 bar (4) 1 atmosphere is equal to 1.01325 × 105 kg m–1 s–2
Sol. Answer (2)
We know, 1 bar = 105 Pa  1 Pa = 10–5 bar
and 1 atm = 101325 Pa
1 atm = 101325 Pa = 101325 × 10–5 bar
 1 atm = 1.01325 bar
25. For a given mass of a gas, if pressure is reduced to half and temperature is increased two times then the final
volume would become (V = initial volume)
V
(1) (2) 2V2 (3) 6V (4) 4V
4
Sol. Answer (4)
P1
Given: P1 = P1 ; P2 =
2
V1 = V ; V2 = V2
T1 = T1 ; T2 = 2T1
We have (for a fixed mass of gas)
P1V1 P2 V2

T1 T2
P1V1 T2
 V2 = 
T1 P2
P1V 2T1
=  
4V
T1 P1
2
26. Temperature at which gas behave ideally over a wide range of pressure is called as
(1) Boyle’s temperature (2) Inversion temperature
(3) Critical temperature (4) Kraft temperature
Sol. Answer (1)
The temperature above which a real gas behaves ideally over an appreciable range of pressure is called Boyle's
temperature.
27. Which of the following is not correct in case of kinetic theory of gases?
(1) Gases are made up of small particles of negligible size as compared to container size
(2) The molecules are in random motion always
(3) When molecules collide they lose energy
(4) When the gas is heated, the average kinetic energy of gas molecules increase
Sol. Answer (3)
According to kinetic theory of gases, the molecules collides in an elastic manner, i.e. energy is not lost.
28. van der Waal’s constant ‘a’ and ‘b’ are related with _____ respectively
(1) Attractive force and bond energy of molecules (2) Attractive force and volume of molecules
(3) Volume and repulsive force of molecules (4) Shape and repulsive force of molecules
Sol. Answer (2)
'a' represents attractive force i.e. pressure correction
'b' represents occupied volume i.e. volume correction
29. The rate of diffusion of a gas having molecular weight just double of hydrogen gas is 30 ml s–1. The rate of diffusion
of hydrogen gas will be
(1) 42.42 ml s–1 (2) 60 ml s–1 (3) 120 ml s–1 (4) 21.21 ml s–1
Sol. Answer (1)
rH2 M2 2
  (∵ M2 = 2 MH2 )
r2 MH2 1
 rH2 = 2  r2 = 1.414 × 30 ms–1 = 42.42 ms–1
30. Three lines at three different values of constant pressure are given, which of the following relation is correct?
P1 P2 P3
T
V/T
(1) P1 = P2 = P3 (2) P1 > P2 > P3 (3) P3 > P2 > P1 (4) Can’t predicted
Sol. Answer (2)
According to Boyle's law, T
1 P1 P2 P3
P
V
So, at a constant temperature,
V1 V2 V3
∵   V/T
T T T V1 V2 V3
 P1 > P2 > P3 T T T
31. If for the gases, the critical temperature are mentioned below i.e.,
Gas Critical temp.
A TC1
B TC2
C TC3
D TC4
TC1 > TC2 > TC3 > TC4
Which of the following can be predicted?

(1) Ease of liquefaction is minimum in gas D
(2) Gas A has maximum value of van der Waal’s constant ‘a’
(3) Ease of liquefaction is directly proportional to van der Waal’s constant ‘a’
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Higher the critical temperature, TC,
 More will be the region where the gas can exist as a liquid.
If TC is low, therefore, the gas attains gaseous form more easily, and hence it is more difficult to liquify it.
Also, van der Waal's constant 'a' represents intermolecular forces. Higher the magnitude of intermolecular forces,
higher the value of 'a'. Again, higher the value of 'a', more easily can the gas be liquified ( intermolecular
forces are high and hence intermolecular distance is also low)
 Ease of liquefaction is directly proportional to 'a'
In the given data, A can be most easily liquified,
( TC is highest)  'a' is highest.
32. At high temperature and low pressure van der Waal’s equation can be expressed as
⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ a ⎞
(1) ⎜ P  2 ⎟ (V – b) 
RT (2) ⎜P  2 ⎟ V 
RT (3) P(V – b) = RT (4) PV = RT
⎝ V ⎠ ⎝ V ⎠
Sol. Answer (4)
⎛ T⎞
At high temperature and low pressure, volume becomes very large ⎜ V  ⎟
⎝ P⎠
Also, magnitude of 'a' and 'b' becomes very less.

Now, van der Waal's equation is given as
⎛ an2 ⎞
⎜P  ⎟  V  nb  
nRT
⎜ V 2 ⎟⎠
⎝
⎛ an2 ⎞ ⎛ V ⎞
⎜ P  ⎟  b⎟ 
RT
or, ⎜ 2 ⎟⎜n
⎝ V ⎠⎝ ⎠
∵ V is very high and 'a' and 'b' are low
So, the equation reduces to
V
P 
RT
n
or, PV = nRT i.e., ideal gas equation

The equation becomes
PV = RT ; when n = 1 mole
33. At constant volume, pressure and temperature are related as (T0 = STP temp.)
⎛ t ⎞ T0
(1) 
Pt P0 ⎜ 1  (t = °C) (2) Pt  P0 (T = in K)
⎝ 273 ⎟⎠ T
⎛ 273  t ⎞
(3) P0  Pt ⎜ ⎟ (4) All of these
⎝ 273 ⎠
Sol. Answer (1)

At STP, temperature = T0
pressure = P0
At time 't', temperature = t°C
 temperature = (t + 273) K
Applying Gay Lussac's law,
Pt  t  273  K

P0 T0
Now, T0 = 273 K
 273  t 
 Pt = P0
273
34. If the ratio of CP and CV for a gas is 1.4. The number of atoms present in 11.2 litre of it at STP is
(1) 6.02 × 1023 (2) 1.2 × 1023 (3) 3.01 × 1023 (4) 12.04 × 1023
Sol. Answer (1)
Ratio of CP and CV gives an idea about atomicity
CP
When C  1.4
V
 The gas is diatomic

Now, at STP, 22.4 L corresponds to 1 mole of gas molecules
 11.2 L corresponds to 0.5 mole of gas molecules.
 Number of atms in 11.2 L
= 2 × 0.5 × 6.023 × 1023 ( gas is diatmic)
23
= 6.023 × 10
35. The slope of the graph between log P and log V at constant temperature for a given mass of a gas is
1 1
(1) +1 (2) –1 (3) (4)
T n
Sol. Answer (2)
According to Boyle's law,
1
P
V
k
or, P 
V
Applying log on both sides,
log P = log k – log V
Comparing with y = mx + c
We get slope, m = –1
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions

1. Equal moles of hydrogen and oxygen gases are placed in a container with a pin-hole through which both can
escape. What fraction of the oxygen escapes in the time required for one-half of the hydrogen to escape?
[NEET-2016]
1 1 1 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 8 4 8
Sol. Answer (2)
nO2 MH2

nH2 MO2
nO2 2
 
0.5 32
1
 nO2 
8
2. A gas such as carbon monoxide would be most likely to obey the ideal gas law at [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) High temperatures and high pressures (2) Low temperatures and low pressures
(3) High temperatures and low pressures (4) Low temperatures and high pressures
Sol. Answer (3)
On increasing temperature and decreasing pressure, gases tend to behave ideal.
3. Equal masses of H2, O2 and methane have been taken in a container of volume V at temperature 27C in identical
conditions. The ratio of the volumes of gases H2 : O2 : methane would be [AIPMT-2014]
(1) 8 : 16 : 1 (2) 16 : 8 : 1 (3) 16 : 1 : 2 (4) 8 : 1 : 2
Sol. Answer (3)
4. Dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in which of the following pairs [NEET-2013]
(1) Cl2 and CCl4 (2) HCl and He atoms (3) SiF4 and He atoms (4) H2O and alcohol
Sol. Answer (2)
Dipole moment is present in HCl. Due to this dipole, a dipole is induced in He atms as well.
– + – +
HCl He
5. Maximum deviation from ideal gas is expected from [NEET-2013]

(1) N2(g) (2) CH4(g) (3) NH3(g) (4) H2(g)
Sol. Answer (3)
Since NH3 shows hydrogen bonding (due to high electronegativity of nitrogen) so intermolecular forces are
maximum. Hence it shows maximum deviation.
6. A certain gas takes three times as long to effuse out as helium. Its molecular mass will be
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) 27 u (2) 36 u (3) 64 u (4) 9 u
Sol. Answer (2)
According to Graham's law of diffusion (since effusion is a form of diffusion)
rHe M'

r' MHe
∵ Volume of gas diffused is same,

rHe t'
 
r' tHe
t' M'
 
tHe MHe
3tHe M'
or, 
tHe MHe
M'
or, 9 =  M' = 36 u.
4
⎛ an2 ⎞
7. For real gases van der Waals equation is written as ⎜⎜ p  ⎟ (V – nb) = n RT, where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are van der Waals
⎝ V 2 ⎟⎠
constants. Two sets of gases are :
(I) O2, CO2, H2 and He
(II) CH4, O2 and H2
The gases given in set-I in increasing order of 'b' and gases given in set-II in decreasing order of 'a', are arranged
below. Select the correct order from the following : [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) (I) He < H2 < CO2 < O2 (II) CH4 > H2 > O2 (2) (I) O2 < He < H2 < CO2 (II) H2 > O2 > CH4
(3) (I) H2 < He < O2 < CO2 (II) CH4 > O2 > H2 (4) (I) H2 < O2 < He < CO2 (II) O2 > CH4 > H2
Sol. Answer (3)
'a' represents intermolecular forces in van der Waal's equation
While 'b' represents the volume correction i.e., volume that cannot be occupied.
b  volume of molecules
 order of b  H2 < He < O2 < CO2
On the other hand, 'a' represents pressure correction 'a' is directly related to Z i.e. Higher the value of 'a' higher
is ease of liquefaction (more negative value of Z)
Now, Z value is
CH4 < O2 < H2
most negative least negative
 order of a
CH4 > O2 > H2
8. By what factor does the average velocity of a gaseous molecule increase when the temperature (in Kelvin) is
doubled? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) 1.4 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.8 (4) 4.0
Sol. Answer (1)
8 RT1
 Vav 1  M
8 RT2
 Vav 2  M
It is given that T2 = 2T1
8 R  2T1 8 RT1
 Vav 2
 
M
1.41
M
  Vav 2 = 1.41 ×  Vav 1
9. A gaseous mixture was prepared by taking equal mole of CO and N2. If the total pressure of the mixture was
found 1 atmosphere, the partial pressure of the nitrogen (N2) in the mixture is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) 1 atm (2) 0.5 atm (3) 0.8 atm (4) 0.98 atm
Sol. Answer (2)
Total pressure, ptotal = 1 atm
Partial pressure of N2, p

N2 ptotal  N2
x x 1
N2  mole fraction    
x  x 2x 2
1
 pN
2
1 atm   0.5 atm
2
10. Two gases A and B having the same volume diffuse through a porous partition in 20 and 10 seconds respectively.
The molecular mass of A is 49 u. Molecular mass of B will be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) 25.00 u (2) 50.00 u (3) 12.25 u (4) 6.50 u
Sol. Answer (3)
rB MA

rA MB
∵ Volume of gas diffused is same,
rB t A
 
rA tB
 tA MA

tB MB
2
⎛ tA ⎞ MA
or, ⎜ ⎟ 
⎝ tB ⎠ MB
2
⎛ 20 ⎞ 49
or, ⎜ ⎟ 
⎝ 10 ⎠ MB
49
 MB = = 12.25 u
4
11. A bubble of air is underwater at temperature 15C and the pressure 1.5 bar. If the bubble rises to the surface where
the temperature is 25C and the pressure is 1.0 bar what will happen to the volume of the bubble?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) Volume will become smaller by a factor of 0.70 (2) Volume will become greater by a factor of 2.5
(3) Volume will become greater by a factor of 1.6 (4) Volume will become greater by a factor of 1.1
Sol. Answer (3)
The mass of gas remains constant inside the bubble.
P1V1 P2 V2
 
T1 T2
V2 P1T2
or, 
V1 P2 T1
Given: P2 = 1 bar T2 = 298 K

P1 = 1.5 bar T1 = 288 K
V2 1.5 bar  298 K

  1.6
V1 1bar  288 K
or, V2 = 1.6 V1
 Volume increase by a factor of 1.6.
12. The pressure exerted by 6.0 g of methane gas in a 0.03 m 3 vessel at 129C is (Atomic masses :
C = 12.01, H = 1.01 and R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1 ) [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) 215216 Pa (2) 13409 Pa (3) 41648 Pa (4) 31684 Pa
Sol. Answer (3)
1
13. A monatomic gas at pressure P1 and volume V1 is compressed adiabatically to th its original volume. What is
8
the final presssure of the gas ? [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) 64 P1 (2) P1 (3) 16 P1 (4) 32 P1
Sol. Answer (4)
14. If a gas expands at constant temperature, it indicates that [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Number of the molecules of gas increases (2) Kinetic energy of molecules decreases
(3) Pressure of the gas increases (4) Kinetic energy of molecules remains the same
Sol. Answer (4)
∵ Temperature remains constant and K.E. depends upon temperature
 Kinetic energy of molecules remains same before and after expansion
15. The surface tension of which of the following liquid is maximum? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) H2O (2) C6H6 (3) CH3OH (4) C2H5OH
Sol. Answer (1)
Since hydrogen bonding is strongest in case of H2O, so H2O molecules at surface experience maximum forces
and hence surface tension is maximum for H2O molecules.
16. What is the density of N2 gas at 227°C and 5.00 atm pressure ? (R = 0.0821 atm K–1 mol–1)
(1) 0.29 g/ml (2) 1.40 g/ml (3) 2.81 g/ml (4) 3.41 g/ml
Sol. Answer (4)
1
PM 5 atm  28 g mol
We know, density, d = = = 3.41 g mol–1
RT 0.082 L atm mol1 K 1  500 K
17. Equal weight of CH4 and H2 are mixed in a container at 25°C. Fraction of total pressure exerted by methane
is
1 1 1 8
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 9 9
Sol. Answer (3)
Let weights of CH4 and H2 mixed be x g
xg x
 Moles of CH4 =  mol
1 16
16 g mol
x
Moles of H2 = mol
2
x
16 1
 CH4  mole fraction of CH4  = 
x x 9

16 2
Partial pressure of CH4,
1
pCH
4
ptot  CH
4 of total pressure
9
18. 50 ml of hydrogen diffuses out through a small hole of a vessel, in 20 minutes. The time taken by
40 ml of oxygen to diffuse out is
(1) 32 minutes (2) 64 minutes (3) 8 minutes (4) 12 minutes
Sol. Answer (2)
rH2 MO2
 …(1)
rO2 MH2
VH2
rH2 tH2 VH2  t O2
Now,   …(2)
rO2 VO2 VO2  tH2
t O2
Combining (1) and (2), we get
VH2  tO2 MO2 32

   
16 4
VO2  tH2 MH2 2
4  VO2  tH2 4  40 mL  20 min


or, t O2  = 64 mins.
VH2 50 mL
19. The temperature of a gas is raised from 27°C to 927°C. The root mean square speed of the gas
927
(1) Remains same (2) Gets times (3) Gets halved (4) Gets doubled
27
Sol. Answer (4)
Vrms  T
 Vrms 927C T927C  927  273  K 1200


 Vrms 27C = T27C =  27  273  K =
300
= 4 =2
  Vrms 927C = 2   Vrms 27C
20. An ideal gas, obeying kinetic theory of gases can not be liquefied, because
(1) It solidifies before becoming a liquid
(2) Forces acting between its molecules are negligible
(3) Its critical temperature is above 0°C
(4) Its molecules are relatively small in size
Sol. Answer (2)
For an ideal gas, intermolecular interaction is negligible. Hence, the particles cannot approach each other to
result in a decrease in volume and condense to form liquid.
21. Which of the following mixture of gases does not obey Dalton’s Law of partial pressure?
(1) Cl2 and SO2 (2) CO2 and He (3) O2 and CO2 (4) N2 and O2
Sol. Answer (1)
Dalton's law of partial pressure is valid only for a mixture of non-reacting gases SO2 and Cl2 react to form
SO2Cl2
SO 2 (g)  Cl2 (g)  SO2Cl2 (g)

Sulfuryl
chloride 
22. 0.24 g of a volatile substance, upon vapourisation, gives 45 ml vapour at NTP. What will be the vapour density
of the substance?
(1) 95.93 (2) 59.73 (3) 95.39 (4) 5.993
Sol. Answer (2)
Vapour obtained at NTP = 45 mL
Volume of 1 mole vapour = 22400 mL
45
 Number of moles in 45 mL =
22400
Now, weight of substance = 0.24 g
weight of substance
and  number of moles
Molecule weight
weight of substance 0.24

or, Molecular weight = =  22400
number of moles 45
Molecular wt. 0.24  22400

Vapour density =   59.73
2 45  2
23. The average kinetic energy of an ideal gas, per molecule in S.I. units, at 25°C will be
(1) 6.17 × 10–20 J (2) 7.16 × 10–20 J (3) 61.7 × 10–21 J (4) 6.17 × 10–21 J
Sol. Answer (4)
3 3
Total kinetic energy = kT = × 1.3 × 10–23 × 298 K × JK–1 = 6.17 × 10–21 J
2 2
24. At 25°C and 730 mm pressure, 380 ml of dry oxygen was collected. If the temperature is constant, what volume
will the oxygen occupy at 760 mm pressure?
(1) 569 ml (2) 365 ml (3) 265 ml (4) 621 ml
Sol. Answer (2)
Since temperature is constant, Boyle's law can be applied.
 P1V1 = P2V2
P1V1 730 mm  380 ml


V2 =  365 ml
P2 760 mm
25. Which of the following statements is wrong for gases?

(1) Confined gas exerts uniform pressure on the walls of its container in all directions
(2) Volume of the gas is equal to volume of container confining the gas
(3) Gases do not have a definite shape and volume
(4) Mass of a gas cannot be determined by weighing a container in which it is enclosed
Sol. Answer (4)
Mass of a gas can be determined by weighing the container since there is nothing but gas in the container.
The other statements are correct.
26. Average molar kinetic energy of CO and N2 at same temperature is

(1) KE1 = KE2 (2) KE1 > KE2
(3) KE1 < KE2 (4) Can’t say any thing. Both volumes are not given
Sol. Answer (1)
3
∵ Average molar K.E. = RT
2
 At same temperature, for CO and N2,
K.E.N2  K.E.CO
27. The beans are cooked earlier in pressure cooker because

(1) Boiling point increases with increasing pressure
(2) Boiling point decreases with increasing pressure
(3) Extra pressure of pressure cooker softens the beans
(4) Internal energy is not lost while cooking in pressure cooker
Sol. Answer (1)
In a pressure cooker, pressure is increased. As a result, the boiling point of water (the medium of cooking)
increases and cooking can be carried out at higher temperature without boiling of water. Thus more heat can
be transferred to the beans for faster and more efficient cooking.
28. van der Waal’s real gas acts as an ideal gas, at which conditions?
(1) High temperature, low pressure (2) Low temperature, high pressure
(3) High temperature, high pressure (4) Low temperature, low pressure
Sol. Answer (1)
van der Waal's acts as an ideal gas only at low pressure and high temperature.
29. What is the dominant intermolecular force or bond that must be overcome in converting liquid CH3OH to a gas?
(1) London dispersion force (2) Hydrogen bonding
(3) Dipole-dipole interaction (4) Covalent bonds
Sol. Answer (2)
In CH3OH, the most dominant intermolecular force is hydrogen bonding.
SECTION - D
Assertion - Reason Type Questions
1. A : The value of van der Waal's constant 'a' of Cl2 is larger than that of F2.
R : Larger the surface area, higher will be intermolecular forces of attraction.
Sol. Answer (1)
van der Waal's constant 'a' of Cl2 is larger since 'a' depends on intermolecular interactions and intermolecular
interaction increases with an increase in surface area.
2. A : On increasing the temperature, the height of the peak of the Maxwell curve decreases.
R : The total area under the curve remains constant for fixed amount of gas.
Sol. Answer (2)
The height of peak, i.e., the fraction of molecules having mps velocity decreases. However, the total area under
the curve remains the same since number of molecules remains the same.
3. A : A real gas will approach ideal behaviour at high temperature and low pressure.
R : At low pressure and high temperature Z = 1, for all gases.
Sol. Answer (1)
PV
At high temperature and low pressure,  1 i.e., Z becomes 1.
nRT
Thus a real gas behaves as an ideal gas at high temperature and low pressure.
4. A : Rate of diffusion of H2 is 1.44 times of He.
R : Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure all gases diffuse with same velocity.
Sol. Answer (3)
Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, rate of diffusion depends on molecular mass of gases
1
and hence is different for different gases r  , where M  molecular mass
M
rH2 MHe 4
Now,    1.41
rHe MH2 2
or, rHe  1.41rHe
5. A : At constant temperature, if the pressure of the gas is doubled, the density is also doubled.
R : At constant temperature and pressure, the molecular mass of gas is directly proportional to the density.
Sol. Answer (2)

∵ For an ideal gas
PV = nRT
n
or, P = RT
V
m
n
M
mRT dRT

or, P 
MV M
or, dRT = PM.
 M  d (at constant T and P)
Also, if pressure is doubled, i.e.
PM
d=
RT
2PM
d' = = 2d
RT
 density is doubled.
6. A : For a certain amount of gas, PV is always constant at constant temperature.

R : On increasing temperature PV increases for fixed amount of ideal gas.
Sol. Answer (2)
As per ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
for a fixed amount of gas, nR is constant
 PV  T
Also, as per Boyle's law, at constant temperature PV is constant for a fixed amount of gas.
7. A : The pressure of real gas is less than the pressure of ideal gas.
R : Intermolecular forces of attraction in real gases are greater than in ideal gas.
Sol. Answer (1)
In ideal gas, intermolecular forces are negligible. In real gases, intermolecular forces are greater than that in
an ideal gas. As a result, the gas molecules hitting the wall (exerting pressure) does so with lesser force,
thus leading to a decrease in pressure.
8. A : Helium shows only positive deviation from ideal behaviour.

R : Helium is a noble gas.
Sol. Answer (2)
Helium shows only positive deviation since repulsive forces are dominant between He atoms.
Also, He is a noble gas.
9. A : Hot air balloon rises up by displacing the denser air of the atmosphere.
R : The given mass of a gas becomes less denser.
Sol. Answer (1)
In a hot air balloon, temperature is high
1
∵ d
T
∵ density is lower as a result of which it displaces denser air and rises up.
10. A : H2 when allowed to expand at room temperature it causes heating effect.

R : H2 has inversion temperature much below room temperature.
Sol. Answer (1)
H2 has inversion temperature much below room temperature. So, any change above inversion temperature, say
room temperature, results in heating of gas.
11. A : At very high pressures, compressibility factor is greater than 1.

R : At very high pressure, ‘b’ can be neglected in van der Waal’s gas equation.
Sol. Answer (3)
At very high pressures, PV > nRT
pV
 1  Z > 1
nRT
At very high pressure, 'b' is appreciably high and hence cannot the neglected.
12. A : Greater is the critical temperature, more difficult is to liquefy the gas.
R : Stronger are the intermolecular forces lower would be the critical temperature of that gas.
Sol. Answer (4)
Stronger the intermolecular forces, easier is to liquify the gas, hence higher would be critical temperature.
13. A : For a real gas if molar volume is less than 22.4 litres, at S.T.P., compressibility factor (Z) is less than unity.
R : Z = PV/RT, if PV < RT then Z < 1.
Sol. Answer (1)
PV V
Since, Z =  real
RT Videal
If Vreal < 22.4 L which is Videal
Vreal
 1
Videal
 Z<1
14. A : Vapour pressure of the liquid increases with increase in temperature.

R : At elevated temperature kinetic energy of the liquid molecules increases.
Sol. Answer (1)
At high temperature, kinetic energy of molecules increases as a result of which liquid molecules gain velocity
and escapes into vapour phase, thereby increasing vapour pressure.
15. A : At constant temperature, the gas density is directly proportional to pressure.

R : More is the pressure on the gas, the denser it becomes.
Sol. Answer (1)
For an ideal gas,
dRT
P
M
PM
or, d 
RT
So, d  P (at constant temperature)

 More the pressure, higher is the density.


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Chapter 5

P1V1 T2 5 atm  V1  819 K 5 atm  819  3

(1) 5% (2) 5.26% (3) 10% (4) 4.26%

Sol. Answer (2)

Let initial pressure be P1

and final pressure be P2

 Applying Boyle's law,

Sol. Answer (2)

5. Which curve shows Charles’ law?

(1) T1 = T2 = T3 (2) T1 < T2 < T3 (3) T1 > T2 > T3 (4) T1 > T2 = T3

(1) 592 K (2) 492 K (3) 542 K (4) 642 K

Sol. Answer (1)

Combining Boyle's law and Charles’ law, we get

Final pressure, P2 = 2P1

T1 = (273 + 75) K = 348 K

Let initial temperature be T1 K

1 100.4 100.4  100

nRT 1mole  0.082 L atm K 1 mole1  273 K

= 22.4 L [ NTP  Normal temperature and pressure]

T2 (Final temperature) = 273 K

n2 P2 V2 T 0.7 atm  1L  (220  273) K

Sol. Answer (2)

Putting the values, we get

16. The partial pressure of hydrogen in a flask containing 2 g H2 and 32 g SO2 is

Sol. Answer (3)

Then, pH2 = PT H2

Which should be the partial pressure of gas 1 after mixing

Which should be partial pressure of gas 2 after mixing.

19. The density of neon will be highest at

20. Which of the following relation is correct for an ideal gas?

i.e., Rate of diffusion is inversely proportional molar mass.

Which is possible when M2 = 2 g mol–1 and t2 = 2.5 s

Sol. Answer (3)

27. van der Waal’s constant ‘a’ has the dimensions of

29. Which one is correct relation for 1 mole of real gases?

Sol. Answer (4)

i.e., PV  1 or, PV  nRT

31. The compressibility factor ‘Z’ for the gas is given by

 Crms O2   Crms CH4

 Crms O2   Crms SO2

 T = 600 K = (600 – 273)°C = 327°C

 vav 1200 K  8R  1200 K

Dividing both expressions,

or,  vav 1200 K  300 K

 Total energy of both the gases are same,

 Volume of gas diffused is same,

Combining (1) and (2), we get

M2  t12 32 g mol1  4 min2

Sol. Answer (3)

 vrms H2  7  vrms N

or, 2 TH2  TN2

 TH2  TN2 [∵ 2 × 4 = 8  4 < 8]

Velocity corresponding to point X is

2RT 3RT 8RT 2RT

44. Tc and Pc of a gas are 400 K and 41 atms. respectively. The Vc is

400 R 150 R 41 R 300 R

3 RTC 3  400 K  R 150 R

45. Boyle’s temperature and inversion temperature are related as

(1) Ti = Tb (2) 2T = Tb (3) Ti = 2Tb (4) Ti = Tb

Sol. Answer (3)

47. Boyle’s temperature Tb is equal to

49. Which of the following is correct regarding viscosity?

Volume of the cylinder = 2.82 L = 2820 cm3