Sketching of Curves

1 3
Steps 1) y  f  x   x 2  x  6 2) y  f  x   x3  6 x  9 3) f  x  
3

x  3x  2 

Curve

i) Domain  ,    ,    ,  

25
Range y  ,    ,  
4
x-intercept = -2,1
x-intercept = -2,3 x-intercept = 3
ii) Intercepts 2
y-intercept = -6 y-intercept = -9 y-intercept =
3
f  x  0 1 2
iii) Critical  
f   x   0  3 x2  2  0 f  x  0 
3

3x  3  0 
1
Points x x 2  x  1
2
1 f   x   6 x f   x   2 x
At x   f   x   2  0
iv) Local
Extrema
2
 1  25
 
Local Max  f  2  4 2  9 Local Min  f  1 
4
3
Local Min  f  2   4
Local Min  f   
2 4 2 9 Local Max  f 1  0
f   x   0  x  0 f   x   2 x & f   x   0  x  0
v) Intervals of f   x   2  0  x  R
x  0  f   x   ve  Concave down x  0  f   x   ve  Concave up
Concavity Concave up on R
x  0  f   x   ve  Concave up x  0  f   x   ve  Concave down
 2 
Point of inflection =  0, 9 
vi) Points of
No point of inflection Point of inflection =  0, 
inflections  3 
vii) Asymptotes
No Asymptote No Asymptotes No Asymptotes
of the curve
 x 2  3x 3x
Steps 4) y  5) y  6) y  x 4  x
x 1 x 1
2

Curve

x4
i) Domain R  1 R  1,1
 16 
Range (, )  ,    ,
 3 3


x-intercept = 0,3 x-intercept = 0 x-intercept = 0 , 4

ii) Intercepts
y-intercept = 0 y-intercept = 0 y-intercept = 0

f  x 
x2  2x  3
f  x 

3 x 2  1  f  x 
8  3x
iii) Critical 2 4 x
 x  1 x 
2 2
2
1
Points 8
Critical no  x  1 Critical nos x  ,4
Critical Nos x  1 3
3 x  16
f   x  
x  1 R  1 Since x  1 R  1,1 44  x
3
2
iv) Local
Extrema No local Extrema No local Extrema 8 16
Local Max  f   
  3 3
3
f   x  

6x x2  3   x  1, 0,1
4
f   x   x 
3
2
1
 x  1
3
v) Intervals of  f   x   ve  Concave down
x  4  f   x   ve  Concave down
x  1
Concavity x 1 ; f   x   ve  Concave up 1  x  0  f   x    ve  Concave up
x 1 ; f   x   ve  Concave down 0  x 1  f   x   ve  Concave down
x 1  f   x    ve  Concave up

vi) Points of
No point of inflection Point of inflection =  0, 0  No point of inflection
inflections
vii) Asymptotes Vertical Asymptote at x = 1 Vertical Asymptotes at x  1 & x  1
No Asymptotes
of the curve Slant Asymptote y  x  2 Horizontal Asymptote at y = 0
Mr.A.Irudayaraj, P.G(Maths), Don Bosco HSS, Vellore-6 (94436 87520)