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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
39 41 41
93.2% K and 6.8% K . How many K atoms
are there in 2g-atoms?
(77.43) (8.82)
Q.3 How many oxygen atoms are present in Cl
(97.26)
H
(2.77)
6.025 g of Barium phosphate (at. mass of
Ba=137.5, P= 31, O = 16 amu) Q.12 1.375 g of cupric oxide was reduced by
heating in a current of hydrogen and the mass
Q.4 The vapour density of a mixture containing of copper that remained was 1.098 g. In
NO2 and N2O4 is 3.83 at 27ºC. another experiment, 1.179 g of copper was
Calculate the moles of NO2 in 100 g mixture. dissolved in the nitric acid and the resulting
copper nitrate converted into cupric oxide by
Q.5 Assume that the nucleus of the F atom is a ignition. The mass of cupric oxide formed was
3
sphere of radius 5 10 cm. Calculate the 1.476 g. Show that these results illustrate the
density of matter in F nucleus. (At. mass F= 19) law of constant composition.
Q.6 20.0 mL of Dil. HNO3 is neutralised Q.13 1.020 g of metallic oxide contains 0.540 g
completely with 25 mL of 0.08 M NaOH. What of the metal. Calculate the equivalent mass of
is molarity of HNO3 ? the metal and hence its atomic mass with the
help of Dulong and Petit's law. Taking the
Q.7 Gastric juice containing 3.0 g of HCl per symbol for the metal as M, find the molecular
litre. If a person produces about 2.5 litres of formula of the oxide. The specific heat of the
gastric juice a per day, how many antacid metal is 0.216 cal deg–1 g–1.
tablets each containing 400 mg of Al(OH)3 are
Q.14 Potassium per magnate is a dark green
needed to neutralise all the HCl produced in crystalline substance whose composition is
one day. 39.7% K, 29.9% Mn and rest O. Find the
Q.8 10 mL of HCl solution produced 0.1435 g empirical formula?
of AgCl when treated with excess of Silver Q.15 Calculate the molarity of pure water at
nitrate solution. What is the Molarity of acid 4ºC.
solution [at. mass Ag = 100].
Q.16 (a) What is the mass in grams of one
Q.9 A certain compound containing only molecule of caffeine (C8H20N4O2 ) ?
carbon and oxygen. Analysis show it has 36%
(b) Determine the total number of electrons in
carbon and 64% oxygen. If its molecular mass
0.142 g Cl2 .
is 400 then what is the molecular formula of the
compound. Q.17 Calculate the molarity of distilled water if
Q.10 0.44 g of a hydro carbon an complete its density is 103 kg / m3 .
combustion which oxygen gave 1.8 g water and
0.88 g carbon dixoide. Show that these results Q.18 A plant virus if found to consist of uniform
cylindrical particles of 150 Å in diameter and
1.1
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
5000 Å long. The specific volume of virus is 0.75 Q.26 Equal masses of zinc (at. mass 65) and
cm3/g. If the virus is considered to be a simple iodine (at. mass 127) were allowed to react till
particle, find the its molecular weight. completion of reaction to form ZnI2. Which
substance is left unreacted and to what fraction
Q.19 Calculate the mass of two litre sample of
of its original mass?
water containing 25% heavy water (D2O) in it
by volume. Density of H2 O is 1.0 gcm–3 whereas Q.27 Two gram each of P4 and O2 are allowed
that of D2 O is 1.06 gmc–3. to react till none of the reactant is left. If the
products are P4 O6 and P4O10 .Calculate the
Q.20 2.5 moles of sulphuryl chloride were mass of each of the product.
dissolved in water to produce sulphuric acid
and hydrochloric acid. How many moles of KOH Q.28 A piece of aluminium weighing 2.7 g was
will be required to completely neutralise the heated with 100 mL of H2SO4 (25% by mass, d
solution? = 1.18 g cm–3). After complete dissolution of
metal, the solution is diluted by adding water
Q.21 100 g of a sample of common salt
to 500 ml. What is the molarity of free H2SO4 in
containing contamination of NH4Cl and MgCl2
resulting solution?
to the extent of 2% each by mass is dissolved in
water. How much volume of 5% by mass of Q.29 Chemical reaction between ferrous
AgNO3 solution (d = 1.04 g cm–3) is required to oxalate and KMnO4 has been given in the form
precipitate all chloride ions? of three partial equations. Write the complete
balanced equation and thus find out the
Q.22 A mixture of formic acid and oxalic acid is
volume of 0.5 M KMnO4 required to
heated with concentrated H2SO4 . The gases
completely react with 1.5 mol of FeC2O4 .
produced are collected and on treatment with
KOH solution, the volume of the gases KMnO4 H2SO4
decreased by 1.6th. Calculate the molar ratio of K 2SO4 MnSO4 H2O (O)
the two acids in the original mixture.
FeC 2O 4 H 2SO 4 FeSO4 H 2C2O4
Q.23 The mean molecular mass of a mixture of
methane (CH4 ) and ethene (C 2H4 ) in the FeSI4 H 2C 2O 4 H2SO 4 O
molar ratio of x: y is found to be 20. What will Fe 2 (SO4 )3 CO2 H2
be the mean molecular mass if the molar ratio
of the gases is reversed?
1.2
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
1.3
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
(b) N2H4(g) ClO3(aq) NO(g) Cl(aq)
Q.13 Define oxidation & reduction in term of
oxidation number.
1.4
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.4 One gram of the silver salt of an organic Q.10 The minimum mass of mixture of A2 and
dibasic acid yields, on strong heating 0.5934 g B4 required to produce at least 1 kg of each
of silver. If the weight percentage of carbon in product is
it 8 times the weight percentage of hydrogen (Given At. mass of 'A' = 10; At. mass of 'B' =
and one half the weight percentage of oxygen, 120) 5A 2 2B4 2AB2 4A 2B
determine the molecular formula of the acid.
(A) 2120 gm (B) 1060 gm
[Atomic weight of Ag = 108]
(C) 560 gm (D) 1660 gm
(A) C4H6 O4 (B) C4H6 O6
(C) C2H6O2 (D) C5H10O5 Q.11 74 gm of a sample on complete
combustion given 132 gm CO2 and 54 gm of
Q.5 Mass of sucrose C12H22O11 produced by H2 O . The molecular formula of the compound
mixing 84 gm of carbon, 12 gm of hydrogen may be
and 56 lit. O2 at 1 atm & 273 K according to (A) C5H12 (B) C4H10 O
given reaction, is (C) C3H6 O2 (D) C3H7 O2
C(s) H2 (g) O2 (g) C12H22O11(s)
(A) 138.5 (B) 155.5 Q.12 The volume of oxygen used when x gms
(C) 172.5 (D) 199.5 of Zn is converted to ZnO is
x2 x
Q.6 40 gm of carbonate of an alkali metal or (A) 5.6 litres (B) 5.6 litres
65 65
alkaline earth metal containing some inert 4x
impurities was made to react with excess HCl (C) 5.6 litres (D) None of these
solution. The liberated CO2 occupied 12.315 lit. 65
at 1 atm & 300 K. The correct option is Q.13 A sample of clay was partially dried and
(A) Mass of impurity is 1 gm and metal is Be then contained 50% silica and 7% water. The
(B) Mass of impurity is 3 gm and metal is Li original clay contained 12% water. The silica is
(C) Mass of impurity is 5 gm and metal is Be original sample is
(D) Mass of impurity is 2 gm and metal is Mg (A) 51.69 (B) 47.31
(C) 63.31 (D) None of these
Q.7 An hydride of nitrogen decomposes to
give nitrogen and hydrogen. It was formed that Q.14 The mass of CO2 produced from 620
one volume of the hydride gave one volume of mixture of C2H4O2 & O2 , prepared produce
1.5
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
maximum energy is (Combustion reaction is Q.22 The molarity of a solution of conc. HCl
exothermic) containing 36.5% by weight of HCl would be
(A) 413.33 gm (B) 593.04 gm (A) 16.75 (B) 17.75 (C) 15.75 (D) 14.75
(C) 440 gm (D) 320 gm
Q.23 0.35 gms of a sample of Na 2CO3 .xH2O
Q.15 In the quantitative determination of were dissolved in water and the volume was
nitrogen, N2 gas liberated from 0.42 gm of a made to 50 ml of this solution required 9.9 ml
sample of organic compound was collected of N/10 HCl for complete neutralization.
over water. If the volume of N2 gas collected Calculate the value of x.
was 100/11 ml at total pressure 860 mm Hg at (A) 1 (B) 2
250 K, % by mass of nitrogen in the organic (C) 3 (D) None of these
compound is Q.24 1.2 gms of a sample of washing soda was
[Aq. tension at 250 K is 24 mm Hg and R = dissolved in water and volume was made upto
0.08 L atm mol–1 K–1] 250 cc. 25 cc of this solution when titrated
10 5 20 100 against N/10 HCl for required 17 ml. The
(A) % (B) % (C) % (D) %
3 3 3 3 percentage of carbonate is given sample is
(A) Approximately 70%
Q.16 300 mlof 0.1 M HCl and 200 ml of 0.3 M
(B) Approximately 66%
H2SO4 are mixed. The normality of the (C) Approximately 76%
resulting mixture is (D) None of these
(A) 0.4 N (B) 0.1 N (C) 0.3 N (D) 0.2 N
Q.25 The number of carbon atoms present in a
Q.17 The volume of water which should be signature, if a signature written by carbon
added to 300 ml of 0.5 M NaOH solution so as pencil weights 1.2 × 10–3 g is
to get a solution of 0.2 M is
(A) 12.40 10 20 (B) 6.02 1019
(A) 550 ml (B) 350 ml (C) 750 ml (D) 450 ml
(C) 3.01 10 (D) 6.02 10
19 20
1.6
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
1.7
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
complete reduction, 3.15 g of the oxide has (A) HClO (B) HClO2 (C) HClO3 (D) HClO4
yielded 1.05 g of the metal. We may deduce
that Q.18 If three electrons are lost by a metal iron
(A) the atomic weight of the metal is 8 M3 ,its final oxidation number would be
(B) the atomic weight of the metal is 4 (A) 0 (B) +2 (C) +5 (D) +6
(C) the equivalent weight of the metal is 4
(D) the equivalent weight of the metal is 8 Q.19 The oxidation number of Mn in MnO4 is
(A) +7 (B) –5 (C) –7 (D) +5
Q.9 Oxidation involves
(A) gain of electrons Q.20 The oxidation number of carbon in CHCl3
(B) loss of electrons
is
(C) increase in the valency of negative part
(A) +2 (B) +4 (C) +4 (D) –3
(D) decrease in the valency of positive part
2
Q.21 Pb loses two electrons in a reaction.
Q.10 The oxidation number of Cr in K 2Cr2O7
What will be the oxidation number of lead after
(A) +2 (B) –2 (C) +6 (D) –6 the reaction?
Q.11 When K 2Cr2O7 is converted into K 2Cr2O4 (A) +2 (B) 0 (C) +4 (D) –2
the change in oxidation number of Cr is Q.22 The oxidation number of carbon in
(A) 0 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 3 C12H 22O11 is
Q.12 White P reacts with caustic soda. The (A) 0 (B) –6 (C) +2 (D) +6
products are PH3 and NaH2PO2 . This reaction
Q.23 The oxidation state of sulphur in SO24 is
is an example of
(A) oxidation (B) reduction (A) +2 (B) +4 (C) +5 (D) +6
(C) oxidation and reduction(D) neutralization Q.24 If the following reaction 'X' is
Q.13 The oxidation number of carbon in CH2O MnO2 4H X Mn2 H2O
is (A) 1 e (B) 2 e (C) 3 e (D) 4 e
(A) –2 (B) +2 (C) 0 (D) +4
Q.25 In the following reaction the value of 'x' is
Q.14 The oxidation number of C in CH4 , CH3 Cl, H2O SO32 SO42 2H x
CH2Cl2 , CHCl3 , and CCl4 are respectively
(A) 4 e (B) 3 e (C) 2 e (D) 1 e
(A) 0,2, 2,4, 4 (B) 4, 2,0, 2, 4
(C) 2,4,0, 2, 4 (D) 4,2,0, 2, 4 Q.26 The oxidation state of sulphur is S 2 O72 is
(A) +6 (B) –6 (C) –2 (D) +2
Q.15 Which of the following reactions is not
redox type Q.27 The oxidation number and covalency of
(A) 2BaO O2 2BaO2 sulphur in S 8 are respectively
(B) 4KClO3 2KClO4 KCl (A) 0 and 2 (B) 0 and 8
(C) 6 and 8 (D) 6 and 2
(C) BaO2 H2SO4 BaSO4 H2O2
Q.28 The oxidation state of nitrogen in N3H is
(D) SO2 2H2 S 2H2 O 3S
(A) 1/3 (B) +3 (C) –1 (D) –1/3
Q.16 In which of the following compounds iron
Q.29 The oxidation number of iron in potassium
has lowest oxidation state
ferricyanide is
(A) K 4Fe(CN)6 (B) K 2FeO4
(A) +1 (B) +2 (C) +3 (D) +4
(C) Fe 2O (D) Fe(CO)5
Q.30 Oxidation number of hydrogen in MH2 is
Q.17 Select the compound in which chlorine is (A) +1 (B) –1 (C) +2 (D) –2
assigned the oxidation number +5
1.8
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Assertion Reason:
(A) If both statement-I and statement-II are true
and statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
(B) If both statement-I and statement-II are true
and statement II is not the correct explanation
of Statement I.
(C) If statement-I is true but Statement-II is
false.
(D) If statement-I is false and statement-II is
true.
Q.33 Statement-I: HClO4 is only oxidising
agent.
Statement-II: Cl is most electro-negative
element in H, Cl and O.
1.9
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
MOLE CONCEPT
(A) MW/2 (B) MW/3
(C) MW/6 (D) MW/1
Q.1 If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12,
mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative
atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a REDOX REACTION
substance will (AIEEE 2002)
(A) Decrease twice Q.7 Several blocks of magnesium are fixed to
(B) Increase two fold the bottom of a ship to (AIEEE 2003)
(C) Remain unchanged (A) Keep away the sharks
(D) Be a function of the molecular mass of the (B) Make the ship lighter
substance (C) Prevent action of water and salt
(D) Prevent puncturing by under-sea rocks
Q.2 A molar solution is one that contains one
mole of a solute in (IIT JEE 1986) Q.8 Which of the following chemical reactions
(A) 1000 g of the solvent depicts the oxidizing behaviour of H2SO4 ?
(B) One litre of the solvent (AIEEE 2006)
(C) One litre of the solution (A) 2HI H2SO4 I2 SO2 2H2O
(D) 22.4 litres of the solution
(B) Ca(OH) 2 H2SO4 CaSO4 2H2O
Q.3 In the reaction, (AIEEE 2007) (C) NaCl H2SO4 NaHSO4 HCl
3
2Al(s) 6HCl(S) 2Al (aq) 6Cl (aq) 3H 2 (g) (D) 2PCl5 H2SO4
(A) 6L HCl (aq) is consumed for every 3L H2(g) 2POCl3 2HCl SO2Cl2
produced
(B) 33.6L H2(g) is produced regardless of Q.9 The oxidation number of carbon in CH2O
temperature and pressure for every mole Al is (IIT JEE 1982; EAMCET 1985; MNR 190; CPMT
that reacts 1997, 2004; UPSEAT 2001; RPMT 2006; Gujarat
(C) 67.2L H2(g) at STP is produced for every CET 2007)
mole Al that racts (A) –2 (B) +2 (C) 0 (D) 4
(D) 11.2 H2(g) at STP is produced for every
mole HCl (aq) consumed Q.10 The oxidation state of chromium in the
final product formed by the reaction between
Q.4 How many moles of magnesium KI and acidified potassium dichromate solution
phosphate, Mg3 (PO4 ) 2 will contain 0.25 mole of is (AIEEE 2005)
oxygen atoms (AIEEE 2006) (A) +4 (B) +6 (C) +2 (D) +3
(A) 0.02 (B) 3.125 10 2 Q.11 When KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent
(C) 1.25 10 2 (D) 2.5 10
2
and ultimately forms [MnO4 ]2 , MnO2 , Mn2O3 ,
Q.5 If 1021 molecules are removed from 200 mg
Mn2 then the number of electrons transferred
of CO2 , then the number of moles of CO2 left in each case respectively is
are (IIT JEE 1983) (AIEEE 2002)
3
(A) 2.85 10 (B) 28.8 103 (A) 4, 3, 1, 5 (B) 1, 5, 3, 7
(C) 0.288 10 3 (D) 1.68 10
2 (C) 1, 3, 4, 5 (D) 3, 5, 7, 1
Q.6 In standardization of Na 2S2O3 using Q.12 Which of the following is a redox reaction
(AIEEE 2002)
K 2Cr2O7 by iodometry, the equivalent weight
(A) NaCl KNO3 NaNO3 KCl
of K 2Cr2O7 is (IIT JEE 2000)
(B) CaC2O4 2HCl CaCl2 H2C2O4
1.10
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.13 The product of oxidation of I and MnO4
in alkaline medium is (IIT Screening 2004)
(A) IO 3 (B) I2
(C) IO (D) IO 4
Q.14 For H3PO3 and H3PO4 the correct choice
is (IIT Screening 2003)
(A) H3PO3 is dibasic and reducing
(B) H3PO3 is dibasic and non-reducing
(C) H3PO4 is tribasic and reducing
(D) H3PO3 is tribasic and non-reducing
1.11
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
1.12
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.16 n-butane is produced by the solution distilled. The ammonia released was
monobromination of ethane followed by Wurtz then trapped in 10 Meq of second acid
reaction. Calculate the volume of ethane at NTP solution. Back titration of this solution required
required to produce 55 g n-butane if the 6 Meq of the base. Calculate the percentage of
bromination takes place with 90% yield and the Mg burnt to the nitride.
Wurtz reaction with 85% yield.
Q.22 A mixture of ethane (C 2H6 ) and ethene
Q.17 0.50 g of a mixture of K 2CO3 and Li2CO3 (C 2H4 ) occupies 40 litre at 1.00 atm and at 400
required 30 mL of 0.25 N HCl solution for K. The mixture reacts completely with 130 g of
neutralization. What is percentage composition O2 to produce CO2 and H2 O . Assuming ideal
of mixture?
gas behaviour, calculate the mole fractions of
Q.18 Sodium chlorate, NaClO3 , can be C2H4 and C2H6 in the mixture.
prepared by the following series of reactions:
Q.23 A solid mixture 5 g consists of lead nitrate
2KMnO4 16HCl 2KCl 2MnCl2 8H2O 5Cl2 and sodium nitrate was heated below 600ºC
6Cl2 6Ca(OH)2 Ca(ClO3 )2 5CaCl2 6H2O until weight of residue was constant. If the loss
in weight is 28%, find the amount of lead nitrate
Ca(ClO3 )2 Na2SO4 CaSO4 2NaClO3 and sodium nitrate in mixture.
What mass of NaClO3 can be prepared from Q.24 Upon mixing 45.0 mL of 0.25 M lead
100 ml of concentrated HCl (density 1.18 nitrate solution with 25 mL of 0.10 M chromic
gm/ml and 36% by mass)? Assume all other sulphate, precipitation of lead sulphate takes
substance are present in excess amounts. place. How many moles of lead sulphate are
formed? Also calculate the molar concentration
Q.19 In a determination of P an aqueous
of the species left behind in final solution.
solution of NaH2PO4 is treated with a mixture
Assume that lead sulphate is completely
of ammonium and magnesium ions to precipitate insoluble.
magnesium ammonium phosphate
Mg(NH4 )PO4 .6H2O . This is heated and Q.25 A 10 g sample of a mixture of calcium
decomposed to magnesium pyrophosphate, chloride and sodium chloride is treated with
Mg2P2O7 which is weighed. A solution of Na 2CO3 to precipitate calcium as calcium
NaH2PO4 yielded 1.054 g of Mg2P2O7 . What carbonate. This CaCO3 is heated to convert all
weight of NaH2PO4 was present originally? the calcium to CaO and the final mass of CaO is
1.12 gm. Calculate % by mass of NaCl in the
Q.20 5 mL of 8 N HNO3 , 4.8 mL of 5 N HCl and original mixture.
a certain volume of 17 M H2SO4 are mixed Q.26 A mixture of Ferric oxide (Fe 2O3 ) and Al
together and made upto 2 litre. 30 mL of this is used as solid rocket fuel which reacts to give
acid mixture exactly neutralizes 42.9 mL of Al2O3 and Fe. No other reactants and products
Na 2CO3 solution containing 1 g
are involved. On complete reaction of 1 mole
Na 2CO3 .10H2O in 100 mL of water. Calculate of Fe 2O3 , 200 units of energy is released.
the amount of sulphate ions in g present in (i) Write a balance reaction representing the
solution. above change.
(ii) What should be the ratio of masses of
Q.21 A sample of Mg was burnt in air to give a
mixture of MgO and Mg3N2 . The ash was
Fe 2O3 and Al taken so that maximum energy
per unit mass of fuel is released.
dissolved in 60 Meq of HCl and the resulting
(iii) What would be energy released if 16 kg of
solution was back titrated with NaOH. 12 Meq
of NaOH were required to reach the end point.
Fe 2O3 reacts with 2.7 kg of Al.
As excess of NaOH was then added and the
1.13
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.27 A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. In Q.31 124 gm of mixture containing NaHCO3 ,
the ratio of one mole of nitrogen to three moles AlCl3 , & KNO3 requires 500 ml, 8% w/w NaOH
of hydrogen, was partially converted into NH3
solution [ dNaOH = 1.8 gm/ml] for complete
so that the final product was a mixture of all
neutralisation. On heating same amount of
these three gases. The mixture was to have a
mixture, it known loss in weight of 18.6 gm.
density of 0.497 g per litre at 25ºC and 1.00
Calculate % composition of mixture by moles.
atm. What would be the mass of gas in 22.4
Weak base formed doesn't interfere in reaction.
litres at 1 atm and 273 K? Calculate the %
Assume KNO3 does not decompose under
composition of this gaseous mixture by
volume. given conditions.
Q.28 In one process for waterproofing, a fabric Q.32 If the yield of chloroform obtainable from
is exposed to (CH3 ) 2 SiCl2 vapour. The vapour acetone and bleaching powder is 75%. What is
the weight of acetone required for producing
reacts with hydroxyl groups on the surface of
30 gm of chloroform?
the fabric or with traces of water to form the
waterproofing film [(CH3 ) 2 SiO]n , by the Q.33 A sample of impure Cu2O contains
reaction 66.67% of Cu. What is the percentage of pure
n(CH3 ) 2 SiCl2 2nOH 2nCl nH2O [(CH3 ) 2 SiO]
Cun2O in the sample?
where n stands for a large integer. The
Q.34 Equal weights of mercury and iodine are
waterproofing film is deposited on the fabric
allowed to react completely to form a mixture
layer upon layer. Each layer is 6.0 Å thick [the
of mercurous and mercuric iodide leaving none
thickness of the (CH3 ) 2 SiO group]. How much
of the reactants. Calculate the ratio by weight
(CH3 )2 SiCl2 is needed to waterproof one side of Hg 2I2 and HgI2 and formed. (Hg = 200, I =
of a piece of fabric, 1.00 m by 3.00 m, with a 127)
film 300 layers thick? The density of the film is
1.0 g/cm3.
1.14
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
REDOX REACTION
Q.9 20 mL of 0.2 M MnSO4 are completely
Q.1 Indicate the oxidation of underlined in each oxidized by 16 mL of KMnO4 of unknown
case: 4
normality, each forming Mn oxidation state.
(a) NaNO2 (b) H2
Find out the normality and molarity of KMnO4
(c) Cl2O7 (d) KCr O3Cl
solution.
(e) BaCl2 (f) ICl3
Q.10 KMnO4 solution is to be standardized by
(g) K 2 Cr 2O7 (h) CH2O
titration against As2O3 (s). A 0.1097 g sample
(i) Ni(CO) 4 (j) NH2OH
of As 2O3 requires 26.10 mL of the KMnO4
Q.2 Indicate the each reaction which of the solution for its titration. What are the molarity
reactant is oxidized or reduced if any: and normality of the KMnO4 solution?
(a) CuSO4 4KI 2CuI I2 2K 2SO4
Q.11 0.518 g sample of limestone is dissolved
(b) and then Ca is precipitated as CaC2O4 . After
2Na 2S 4HCl SO2 4NaCl 3S 2H2O filtering and washing the precipitate, it requires
(c) NH4NO2
N2 2H2O 40 mL of 0.25 N KMnO4 solution to equivalence
point. What is percentage of CaO in limestone?
Q.3 Calculate the number of electrons lost or
gained during the changes: Q.12 20 mL of a solution containing 0.2 g of
(a) 3Fe 4H2O Fe 3 O4 4H2 impure sample of H2 O 2 reacts with 0.316 g of
KMnO4 (acidic). Calculate:
(b) AlCl3 3K Al 3KCl
(i) Purity of H2 O 2 ,
Q.4 Explain, why? (ii) Volume of dry O2 evolved at 27ºC and 750
(a) H2S acts as reductant whereas, SO2 acts as mm P.
reductant and oxidant both.
(b) H2 O 2 acts are reductant and oxidant both. Q.13 5.7 g of bleaching powder was
suspended in 500 mL of water 25 mL of this
Q.5 MnO4 can oxidize NO2 to NO3 in basic suspended on treatment with KI and HCl
liberated iodine which reacted with 24.35 mL
medium. How many mol of NO2 are oxidized of N/10 Na 2S2O3 . Calculate percentage of
by 1 mol of MnO4 ? available Cl2 in bleaching powder.
Q.6 Which is stronger base in each pair? Q.14 Balance the following equation:
(a) HSO4 ;HSO; (b) NO2 ;NO3 ; (i) C2H5 OH K 2Cr2O7 H2SO4
(c)
Cl ; ClO C2H4O2 Cr2 (SO4 )3 K 2SO4 H2O
(ii) As 2S5 HNO3
Q.7 Fill in the blanks and balance the
NO2 H2O H3 AsO4 H2SO4
following equations:
(a) Zn + HNO3 ........... + N2O ............ (iii) CrI3 Cl3 KOH
(b) HI HNO3 .......... NO H2O KIO4 K 2CrO4 KCl H2O
(iv) As 2 S3 HClO3 H2O
Q.8 What volume of 0.20 M H2SO4 is
HCl H3 AsO4 H2SO4
required to produce 34.0 g of H2S by the
reaction: Q.15 Balance the following equations:
8KI 5H2SO4 4K 2SO4 4I2 H2S 4H2O
1.15
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.19 1 g of most sample of KCl and KClO3 was treated with 200 mL of 0.75 M MnO4 in acid
dissolved in water to make 250 mL solution, 25 solution producing SO2 , Cu2 Mn2 . The
and
mL of this solution was treated with SO2 to
SO2 was boiled off and the excess of MnO4
reduce chlorate to chloride and excess of SO2
1.16
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
2 reduced by 30 mL of 0.1 N FeSO4 solution.
was treated with 175 mL of 1 M Fe solution.
Calculate percentage of CuS in original mixture. Calculate the amount of MnSO4 .4H2O in
Q.23 For estimating ozone in the air, a certain sample.
volume of air is passed through an acidified or Q.28 Write complete balanced equation for
neutral KI solution when oxygen is evolved and the following in acidic medium by ion-electron
iodide is oxidised to give iodine. When such a method:
solution is acidified, free iodine is evolved
(a) ClO3 Fe 2 Cl Fe 3 H2O
which can be titrated with standard Na 2S2O3
2
solution. In a experiment 10 litre of air at 1 atm (b) CuS NO3 Cu S8 NO H2O
2
and 27ºC were passed through an alkaline Ki (c) S2O3 Sb 2O3 SbO H2SO3
solution, at the end, the iodine entrapped in a
(d) HCl KMnO4 Cl2 KCl MnCl2 H2O
solution on titration as above required 1.5 mL
of 0.01 N Na 2S2O3 solution. Calculate volume (e)
percentage of O3 in sample. KClO3 H2SO4 KHSO4 HClO4 ClO3 H2O
(f) HNO3 HBr NO Br2 H2 O
Q.24 30 ml of an acidified solution of 1.5 N
(g) IO4 I H I2 H2O
MnO4 ions, 15 mL of 0.5 N oxalic acid and 15
mL of 0.4 N ferrous salt solution are added Q.29 Balance the following equations by
together. Find the molarities of MnO4
and Fe 3 oxidation method:
ions in the final solution? (a) Cu NO3 ...... Cu2 NO2 .....
(Acid medium)
Q.25 (i) 25 mL of H2 O 2 solution were added to
excess of acidified solution of KI. The iodine so
(b) CI2 IO3
OH IO4 ......... H2O
liberated required 20 mL of 0.1 N Na 2S2O3 for (Basic medium)
titration. Calculate the strength of H2 O 2 in (c) H2S K 2CrO4 H2SO4 ......
terms of normality, percentage and volume. (Acid medium)
2
(ii) To a 25 mL H2 O 2 solution, excess of (d) Fe MnO4 Fe 3 Mn2 ....
acidified solution of KI was added. The iodine (Acid medium)
liberated required 20 mL of 0.3 N sodium (e) KMnO4 H2SO4 H2O2
thiosulphate solution. Calculate the volume
K 2SO4 MnSO4 H2O .......
strength of H2 O 2 solution.
(Acid medium)
Q.26 An aqueous solution containing 0.10 g (f) MnO2 H2O2 MnO4 H2O
KIO3 (formula weight = 214.0) was treated with (Basic medium)
an excess of KI solution. The solution was
acidified with HCl. The liberated I2 consumed Q.30 Write complete balance equation for the
following in basic medium by ion-electron
45 mL of thiosulphate solution to decolorise
method:
the blue starch-iodine complex. Calculate the
molarity of the sodium thiosulphate solution. (a) S2O42 Ag2O Ag SO32
(b) Cl2 OH Cl ClO
Q.27 A sample of MnSO4 .4H2O is strongly
heated in air. The residue (Mn3 O4 ) left was (c) H2 ReO4 ClO2 Sb(OH)6
dissolved in 100 mL of 0.1 N FeSO 4 containing (e) I2 OH I IO3
2 2 3
dil. H2SO4 . This solution was completely (f) MnO4 Fe Mn Fe
reacted with 50 mL of KMnO4 solution. 25 mL
of this KMnO4 solution was completely
1.17
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.5 Statement-I: Boron has relative atomic Q.9 Molarity of 0.5 N Na 2CO3 is
mass 10.81. (A) 0.25 (B) 1.0 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.125
10
Statement-II: Borons two isotopes, 5 B and
Q.10 6.90 N KOH solution in water contains
11
5 B and their relative abundance is 19% and 30% by weight of KOH. The density of solution
81%. will be
(A) 1.288 (B) 2.88 (C) 0.1288 (D) 12.88
Q.6 Given following series of reactions:
1.18
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
1.19
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
REDOX REACTIONS
Q.1 One mole of N2H4 loses ten moles of suitable conditions. Titrations involve the direct
electrons to form a new compound Y. use of iodine as oxidising agent are known as
Assuming that all the nitrogen appears in the iodimetric titrations while those titrations
new compound, what is the oxidation state of involving indirect use of iodine are known as
nitrogen in Y? (There is no change in the iodometric titrations. These titrations are used
oxidation state of hydrogen) for the estimation of oxidising agents like
(A) –1 (B) –3 (C) +3 (D) +5 KMnO4 , K 2Cr2O7 , CuSO4 etc.
Q.2 Which is best reducing agent Q.9 50 ml of an aqueous solution of H2 O 2 was
(A) F (B) Cl (C) Br (D) I treated with excess of KI solution and the
iodine so liberated quantitatively required 20
Q.3 In the alumino thermite process, aluminium ml of 0.1 N solution of hypo. This titration is
acts as known as:
(A) an oxidizing agent (B) a flux (A) iodometric titration
(C) reducing agent (D) a solder (B) iodimetric titration
Q.4 Zinc-copper couple that can be used as a (C) potassium iodide titration
reducing agent is obtained by (D) all of these
(A) mixing zinc dust and copper gas Q.10 In the above problem, concentration of
(B) zinc coated with copper H2O2 in gm/litre is:
(C) copper coated with zinc
(A) 6.8 (B) 0.68 (C) 0.068 (D) 0.34
(D) zinc and copper wires welded together
Q.11 0.5 gm sample of pyrolusite (MnO2 ) is
Q.5 In the following equations value of X is
treated with HCl, the Cl2 gas evolved is treated
ClO3 6H X Cl 3H2O
with KI, the violet vapours evolved are
(A) 4e (B) 5e (C) 6e (D) 7e absorbed in 30 ml 0.1 N Na 2S2O3 solution
Q.6 The brown ring complex compound is percentage purity of pyrolusite sample is
(A) 30% (B) 50% (C) 36% (D) 26.1%
formulated as [Fe(H2O)5 (NO) ]SO4 . The
oxidation state of iron is Q.12 Arsenite gets converted into arsenate by
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0 using iodine, valency factor for Arsenite and
Iodine are respectively
Q.7 Oxidation state of oxygen atom in
(A) 2 and 2 (B) 2 and 1 (C) 1 and 2 (D) 5 and 2
potassium superoxide is
(A) –1/2 (B) –1 (C) –2 (D) 0 Oxidation and reduction process involves the
transaction of electrons. Loss of electrons is
Q.8 In the following reaction
oxidation and the gain of electrons is reduction.
3Br2 6CO32 3H2O It is thus obvious that in a redox reaction, the
5Br 6HCO3 BrO3 oxidant is reduced by accepting the electrons
and the reductant is oxidised by losing
(A) bromine is both reduced and oxidised
electrons. The reactions in which a species
(B) bromine is neither reduced and oxidised
disproportionate into two oxidation states
(C) bromine is oxidised and carbonate is
(lower and higher) are called
reduced
disproportionation reactions. In
(D) bromine is reduced and water is oxidised
electrochemical cells, redox reaction is
Comprehension involved, i.e., oxidation takes place at anode
The redox titration involve the chemical and reduction at cathode.
reaction between the oxidising agent and
reducing agent in aqueous solutions under Q.13 The reaction: Cl2 Cl ClO3 is
1.20
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
(A) oxidation (B) reduction Q.18 Statement-I: In PbO4 all Pb has +8/3
(C) disproportionation oxidation number.
(D) neither oxidation nor reduction Statement-II: Pb 3 O4 is mixed oxide of PbO &
Q.14 In the reaction: PbO2 .
I2 2S2O32 2I
S4O62 Q.19 Column Matching:
(A) I2 is reducing agent Column-I Column-II
(1)Increase in oxidation (a)Loss of electrons
(B) I2 is oxidising agent
number
(C) S 2 O32 is reducing agent (2)Decrease in oxidation (b)Redox reaction
(D) S 2 O3
2
is oxidising agent number
(3)Oxidising agent (c)Fractional
Q.15 Determine the change in oxidation oxidation number
number of sulphur is H2S and SO2 respectively (4)Reducing agent (d)Zero oxidation
in the following reaction: number
2H2S SO2 2H2O 3S (5) 2Cu Cu +Cu
+ 2+ (e) Simple
neutralisation
(A) 0, +2 (B) +2, –4 (C) –2, +2 (D) +4, 0
reaction
Q.16 Which of the following reactions is/are (6) MnO2 4HCl (f)Gain of electrons
correctly indicated? MnCl + Cl2 + 2H2O
2
Oxidant Reductant (7) Mn3 O4 (g) Disproportion-
(A) HNO3 Cu Cu2 NO2 ation
(B) 2Zn O2 ZnO (8) CH2Cl2 (h) Oxidation
(9)NaOH + HCl (i) Reduction
(C) Cl2 2Br 2Cl Br2
NaCl H2O
(D) 4Cl2 CH4 CCl4 4HCl
true, and Statement-II is the correct (B) CrO4 2 H (Q) one of the
explanation of Statement-I. products has
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are trigonal planar
true, and Statement-II is not the correct structure
explanation of Statement-I. (C) (R) dimeric
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is
false.
MnO4 NO2
H bridged
tetrahedral metal
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is ion
true.
(D) (S)
Q.17 Statement-I: In CrO5 oxidation number of NO3 H2SO4 Fe 2 disproportionatio
n
Cr is +6.
Statement-II: CrO5 has butterfly structure in
O
O O
Cr
which peroxide bonds are present. O O
1.21
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.4 'A' is a binary compound of a univalent Q.10 Statement I: In the titration of Na 2CO3
metal. 1.422 g of A reacts completely with 0.321 with HCl using methyl orange indicator, the
g of sulphur in an evacuated and sealed tube to volume required at the equivalent point is twice
give 1.743 g of a white crystalline solid B, that that of the acid required using phenolphthalein
forms a hydrated double salt, C with Al2 (SO4 )3 . indicator.
Identify A, B and C. (1994) Statement II: Two moles of HCl are required for
the complete neutralization of one mole of
Q.5 Calculate the molality of 1.0 L solution of Na 2CO3 . (1991)
93% H2SO4 , (weight/volume). The density of
the solution is 1.84 g/mL. (1990) Q.11 2.68 103 moles of a solution containing
n 3
an ion A require 1.61 10 moles of MnO4
Q.6 20% surface sites have adsorbed N2 . On
n
heating N2 gas evolved from sites and were for the oxidation of A to AO3 in acidic
collected at 0.001 atm and 298 K in a container medium. What is the value of n? (1984)
of volume is 2.46 cm3. Density of surface sites is Q.12 A 5.0 cm3 solution of H2 O 2 liberates 0.508
14 2 2
6.023 × 10 /cm and surface area is 1000 cm , g of iodine from an acidified KI solution.
find out the number of surface sites occupied Calculate the strength of H2 O 2 solution in
per molecule of N2 . (2005)
terms of volume strength at STP. (1995)
Q.7 If 0.50 mole of BaCl2 is mixed with 0.20 Q.13 A solution of 0.2 g of a compound
mole of Na3PO4 , the maximum number of containing Cu2 and C 2O24 ions on titration
moles of Ba3 (PO4 )2 that can be formed is with 0.02 M KMnO4 in presence of H2SO4
(1981) consumes 22.6 mL of the oxidant. The resultant
(A) 0.70 (B) 0.50 (C) 0.20 (D) 0.10 solution is neutralized with Na 2CO3 , acidified
Q.8 In the standardization of Na 2S2O3 using with dilute acetic acid and treated with excess
K 2Cr2O7 is (2001) KI. The liberated iodine requires 11.3 mL of 0.05
M Na 2S2O3 solution for complete reduction.
(A) (molecular weight)/2
(B) (molecular weight)/6 Find out the mole ratio of Cu2 to C 2 O 4 2 in the
1.22
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
1.23
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
PLANCESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Q.21 Q.29
Redox
Q.29 Q.33
Redox
Q.28
Redox
1.24
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Q.3 Q.14
1.25
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
ANSWER KEY
Redox Reaction
Q.1 (a) 5/2 (b) +2 (c) +3 (d) +6 (e) +2 (f) +6
1.26
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
1.27
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Redox Reaction
Q.1 A Q.7 B Q.13 C Q.19 A Q.25 C Q.31 C Q.37 B
Q.2 D Q.8 C Q.14 B Q.20 A Q.26 A Q.32 C
Q.3 A Q.9 B Q.15 C Q.21 C Q.27 A Q.33 C
Q.4 C Q.10 C Q.16 D Q.22 A Q.28 D Q.34 D
Q.5 C Q.11 D Q.17 C Q.23 D Q.29 C Q.35 B
Q.6 C Q.12 C Q.18 D Q.24 B Q.30 D Q.36 A
1.28
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Redox Reaction
Q.1 (a) +3 (b) 0 (c) +7 (d) +6 (e) +2 (f) +3 (g) +6 (h) 0 (i) 0 (j) –1
Q.5 NO2 is oxidized to NO3 by MnO4 (in basic medium) which is reduced to MnO2 .
MnO 4 NO 2 NO 3 MnO 2
7 3 5 4
oxidation
reduction
(ii) 1 40 40 12 2 5
(iii) 2 27 64 6 2 54 32
(iv) 3 14 18 14 6 9
1.29
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
(f) 2HNO3 6HBr 2NO 3Br2 4H2O (g) IO4 7I 8H 4I2 4H2O
1.30
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Redox Reaction
Q.1 C Q.4 D Q.7 A Q.10 D Q.13 C Q.16 A,B,D
Q.2 D Q.5 C Q.8 B Q.11 D Q.14 B,C Q.17 A
Q.3 C Q.6 A Q.9 D Q.12 D Q.15 B Q.18 D
Q.19 1 h, 2 i, 3 f, 4 a, 5 g, 6 b, 7 c, 8 d, 9 e
1.31
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE – I JEE MAIN
Mole Concept =
3 19 1.67 1027 103 gm
4 (5 103 )3 (1010 )3 cm3
Sol.1 (i) 125 pound
1 pound = lb = 545 gm 95.19 1027 1030
= gm/cm3
125 pound = 125 × 545 gm 1570.79 109
= 125 × 545 × 10–3 kg = 68. 125 kg = 6. 02 × 1013 gm/cm3
(ii) 14 lb/m2
1lb = 545 gm Sol.6 mole = M1V1
In SI units = 14 × 545 × 10–3 kg/m2 for neutralisation HHNO HNaOH
3
= 7. 63 kg/m2
M1V1 = M2V2
(iii) 5’8’’
20 × M1 = 0. 08M × 25
(1’ = 12’’)
0.08 25
5’8’’ = (12’’ × 5) + 8’’ = 68’’ M1 0.1M
20
= 68 × 2. 54 cm = 1. 72 m
Sol.7 HCl produced perday
Sol.2 Mavg. = (0. 932) 39 + (0. 068)41 = 39. 136
= 3. 0 gm × 2. 5 = 7. 5 gm
Mass of 2g-atoms = 2 ×39. 136 gm
7.5
Mass of ‘’41K’’ in 2g-atoms = mole
36.5
= 2 × 39. 136 × (0. 068)
moles of Al(OH)3 in an antacid tablet
number of atoms 3 0.4
2 39.136 = 400 10 = mole
= (0.068) 6.023 1023 (27 51) 78
41
= 7. 818 × 1022 3 × mole of Al(OH)3 = moles of HCl
0.4 7.5
3×n× =
Sol.3 Barium phosphate = Ba3(PO4)2 78 36.5
no. of oxygen atoms n 14
6.025 Sol.8 HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3
= 8 6.023 1023 = 4. 82 × 1022 atoms
602.5 0.1435
M × 10 × 10–3 =
Sol.4 Molecular weight = Vapour density × 2 108 35.5
= 76. 6 M = 0. 1 M.
Let’s suppose x % mole of NO2 is there Sol.9 Lets it is CxOy
76. 6 = x (46) + (1 – x) 92 x(12) + y(16) = 400
46x = 15. 4 x(12)
x = 33. 47% = mole fraction of NO2 0.36
400
100
Total mole = = 1. 305 mole x = 12;y = 16
76.6 the formula is C12O16 = (C3O4)4
mole of NO2 = (0. 3347) × (1. 305)
= 0. 437 mole. Sol.10 CxHy + O2 H2O + CO2
0. 1 mole 0. 2 mole
Sol.5 Correction : radius of fluorine 0.18
= 5 × 10–3 A0 Mole of H2O = 0.1 mole
18
mass of nucleous = 19 × 1. 67 × 10–27 kg
mole of CO2 = 0. 02 mole
volume of nucleous 1
4 mole of O2 required = (0.1) 0.02
= × × (5 × 10–3)3 cm3 2
3
= 0. 07 mole
density
S 1.1
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Sol.12 Exp. (I) CuO Cu + X Sol.17 Molarity = moles per. litre moles per
Ratio of mass of litre
1.098 Mass density Volume
Cu : CuO = 0.7985 = =
1.375 18 V 18 Volume
HNO
3 Cu(NO ) 1000
Exp. (II) Cu 3 2 CuO 55.55M
1.179 gm 1.476 18
Ratio of mass of
Sol.18 Volume of plant virus = (r2h)
1.179
Cu : CuO = 0.798 = × (75 × 10–10)2 × (5000 × 10–10)
1.479
= 8. 835 × 10–23 m3
both ratio are same. Hence prove.
= 8. 835 × 10–23 × (10+2)3 cm3
Sol.13 MxOy = 8. 835 × 10–17 cm3
17
x × atomic mass of M = 0. 540 …. (i) Mass = 8.835 10 gm
y × 16 = 1. 020 – 0. 540 0.75
y = 0. 03 = 11. 78 × 10–17 gm
Dulong-Pelit law (atomic mass of M) = 11. 78 × 6. 023 × 10+23 × 10–17
× 0. 216 = 5. 83 = 7. 098 × 107 g mol–1
atomic mass of M ~ 27 . . . . (ii)
Sol.19 25% of heavy water = 0. 5 litre.
Petit x × (27) = 0. 540
mass of heavy water
x = 0. 02
= 0. 5 × 103 × 1. 06 gm/cm3 = 530 gm
formula of metal oxide = M2O3.
mass of normal water
Sol.14 Let’s say substance is 100 gm = 1. 5 × 103 × 1 gm/cm3 = 1500 gm
39.7 Total mass = 2030 gm = 2. 030 kg
moles of K = 1.017
39
Sol.20 SO2Cl2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HCl
29.9
moles of Mn = 0.5436 Initially 2. 5 0 0
55
after 0 2. 5 5
100 39.7 29.9
moles of O = 1.9 for 2. 5 moles of H2SO4, KOH = 5 mole
16
for 5 mole of HCl, KOH = 5 mole
so by seeing on ratio of K : Mn : O
total KOH = 5 + 5 = 10 mole
empirical formula is K2MnO4.
Sol.21 NH4Cl + MgCl2 + AgNO3
no. of moles
Sol.15 Molarity =
volume (in litre) 2 % by mass 5% by mass
mass 1000 0.997 AgCl + NH4NO3 + Mg(NO3)2
No. of moles = per litre.
18 18 d = 1040 gm/lit.
molarity = 55. 38 M moles of Cl– in
S 1.2
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
2 1
NH4Cl = = 0. 0373 mole
(14 4 35.5) Total mole of KClO3 =
39 35.5 48
moles of Cl– in = 8.163 × 10–3 mole
2
MgCl2 = 2 × = 0. 0421 mole moles of KClO3 in IInd reaction
(24 71)
= 3.794 × 10 moles
Total mole of Cl– moles of KClO4 produced in IInd
= Total mole of AgNO3 required reaction = 2.8496 × 10–3 mole
= 0. 0421 + 0. 0373 = 0. 07940 mole mass of KClO4 = 2.8456 × 10–3 ×
Mass of AgNO3 = 0. 07940 × 170
(39 + 35.5 + 64) = 0.394 gm
= 13. 49 gm
mass of solution of Sol.25 Let’s say we have 100 gm mix.
100 Fe3O4 = FeO. Fe2O3 FeO + Fe2O3
AgNO3 × 13. 49 × 269.97gm
5 x gram 0. 310 gram 0. 680x gram
269.97 initially FeO (100 – x) gram
Volume required = cm3 = 259. 59
1.04 total (FeO) (100 – x + 0. 310 x) gm
cm3 = (100 – 0. 690 x) gm
1
Sol.22 Oxalic acid = H2C2O4 2FeO O2 Fe2O3
2
formic acid = HCOOH
(105 – 0. 690x)gm
2 2
H2C2O4 + H2SO4 SO 4 H4 C2O 4 100 0.690x (105 0.690x)
2
HCOOH + H2SO4 2
SO 4 + +
2H 72 160
+HCOOH 160
(100 × 0. 690x) × 105 0.690x
36
H4 C2O24 KOH C2O24
4000 – 27. 6 x = 945 – 6. 21 x
Sol.23 CH4 x mole molecular weight = 16 3055 = 21. 39 x
(C2H4) y mole molecular weight = 28 x = oxygen external = 5gm
Mean molecular weight 5
= mole
32
= 20 x(16) y(28)
xy So moles of FeO that was present
(100 0.690x) 4 5
20 = 16 + 12y
xy 56 16 32
y Fe3O4 + x = 79. 71 gm
0. 33 =
xy FeO = 100 – x = 20. 29 gm
x
0.66
xy Sol.26 Zn + 2I ZnI2
x:y=2:1 m m
If x : y = 1 : 2 2x moles of Zn = moles of I
then mean molecular weight (to complete reaction)
1(16) 2(28) m
= =24 2× = 2x moles of Zn
3 65
Sol.24 m
= moles of I
127
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 Since moles of I < 2x moles of Zn
4.369 × 10–3 6.55 × 10–3 So Zn will be left unreacted
4KClO3 3KClO4 + KCl m m
Zn unreacted = mole
3.794 × 10–3 2.845 × 10–3 65 127 2
moles of oxygen produced 65
mass Zn unreacted = m m
146.8 103 254
= = 6.55 × 10–3 mole
22.4 = 0. 744 m
S 1.3
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Sol.27 mole of P4 =
2
1
mole Redox Reactions
4 31 62 Sol.1 (a) (N2H5)2 SO4
2 1
moles of O2 = mole
2 16 16 2
P4 + 3O2 P4O6 +
2(N2H5) + SO24
x 3x 0 initial
0 0 x after
2Nx– + 5H+
P4 + 5O2 P4O10
y 5y 0 initial 5
oxidation number of N = –
0 0 y after 2
1 5
xy 0.0161 –2x + 5 = 0;x =
2
62 1 by solving
3x 5y 0.0625 (b) Mg3N2 3Mgx+ + 2N3–
16 3x – 6 = 0
–3
y = 7. 056 × 10 x=2 Mg2+
x = 9. 0435 × 10–3 (c) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
mass of P4O6 = 9. 0435 × 10–3
[(4 × 31) + (6 × 16)] [Co(NH3)5Cl]+2 2Cl–
= 1. 9895 gm
Co2+ + (NH3)5 Cl–
mass of P4O10 = 7. 056 × 10–3
x – 1 = +2 x = +3
[(4 × 31) + (10 × 16)]
Co+3
= 2.003 gm
(d) K2FeO4
2.7 2K+ Fex + 4O2–
Sol.28 moles of aluminium = 0.1 mole
27 +2 + x – 8 = 0;x = +6
moles of H2SO4 in solution Fe+6
(1.18 100) 0.25 (e) Ba(H2PO2)2
= = 0. 3010 mole
98 Ba2+ (H2PO2)–
2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 2H+ + Px+ + 2O2–
For consumption of Al, required mole of 2 + x – 4 = 0;x= +2
3 P+2
H2SO4 = (0. 10) × = 0. 15 mole
2 (f) H2SO4
remaining mole of + 2 + x – 8 = 0;x = +6
H2SO4 = 0. 3010 – 0. 15 = 0. 151 mole S+6
0.151 (g) CS2
molarity = 1000 0.302M
500 – 4 + 2x = 0;x = +2
Sol.29 KMnO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 S+2
+ H2O + (O) …. (1) (h) S–2
FeC2O4 + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2C2O4 (i) Na2S4O6
…. . (2) +2 + 4x – 12 = 0
FeSI4 + H2C2O4 + H2SO4 + O S+5/2
Fe2(SO4)3 + CO2 + H2 …. . (3) 5
x=+
3KMnO4 + 5FeC2O4 Fe3+ + 2CO2 + Mn2+ 2
(1.5) (j) S2Cl2
(0. 5)V = 3
5 +2x – 2 = 0;x = +1
V = 1. 8 lit. = 1800 mL S+1
(k) RNO2
+1 + x – 4 = 0;x = 3
N+3
(l) Pb3O4
S 1.4
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.5
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
5 1 1
P3 4H2O H3PO 4 + 8e– + 5H+ H2O2 21e
H2O
–2
+2 –1 0 0
7
3I– + 8OH– 3IO 4 + 24e– + 4H2O H2SO3 + Cr2O H2SO4 + 2Cr+3
2
7
(d) (+4) (+12) (+6) (+6)
–
e + H2O21 H2O H2O + 2OH 2 –
S 1.6
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.7
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
–2e– +2e–
So, no need to multiply this equation with any
co-efficients.
S 1.8
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.9
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.10
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Using
Sol.21 3Mg + 2NH3 Mg3N2 + 3H2 MeOH
2 mole 2 mole Na2CO3 HCl
H2CO3 + NaCl
L. R. = Mg NaOH HCl
NaCl + H
+
S 1.11
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.12
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
x = +6 x
6 3 Sol.19 MnO 4
Sol.11 K 2Cr2O7 K 2Cr2O7 + x – 8 = –1
+6 +3 x 7
change in oxidation
No. = [3].
Sol.21 Pb2+ Pb4+ + 2e–
3 1
Sol.12 P + NaOH PH3 NaH2PO2 Sol.22 C12 H22 O11
12x + 22 + 11(–2) = 0
P is getting oxidised and also reduced
it is oxidation and reduction x0
(D is proportionation)
2
Sol.23 SO4
Sol.13 CH2O
Cx+ 2H+ O2– Sx+ + 4O2–
x+2–2=0 x – 8 = –2
x=0 x = +6
4
Sol.14 CH4 → Cx+ + 4H+ x = –4 MnO2 4H X
Mn2 H2O
CH3Cl Cx+ + 3H+ + Cl– x = –2 Sol.24
CH2Cl2 x + 2 – 2 = 0 x=0 –2e–
CHCl3 x + 1 – 3 = 0 x=2 6
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
x 2
3 5
Sol.31 PH3 to H3PO4
2
Sol.34 Since S2 has S – S– linkage structure
2
FeS2 Fe2+ (S – S) oxidation no. = +2
OH–
K2Cr2O7 K2CrO4
Sol.36
H+
orange Yellow
dichromate chromate
0 5 1
–
–5e
+e–
These reactions show E° > 0
It is not feasible because iodine can show
multiple oxidation state.
S 1.14
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Mole Concept
Sol.2 (C) According to definition of molar 4H2O 3[O]
solution is one that contains one mole of a
solute in one litre of the solution. Mol. wt.
Eq. wt.
6
Sol.3 (D) 2Al(s) 6HCl(s) Redox Reaction
2Al3(aq)
6Cl(aq) 3H2(g) Sol.7 (C) Prevent action of water and salt.
S 1.15
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.16
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
3 0.0248
Sol.9. 2KO2(S) + H2O() 2KOH(S) + O % of Cl = 6.1%
2 2(g) 0.4066
0. 158 mole 0. 1 mole
L. R = KO2 Sol.14 CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2CO3
0. 5 gm
moles of O2 formed
moles of CaCO3 = moles of H2SO4
3
= 0.158 0.1185 0.5
4 required =
63.5 60
Sol.10 CaCl2 + H2CO3 CaCO3 + 2HCl = 4. 048 × 10–3 mole
CaCO3 CaO + CO2 m litre of 0. 5M H2SO4 required
0. 959 gm 4.048
moles of CaO = 0. 017125 mole = ml
0.5
moles of CaCl2 = 0. 017125 mole = 8. 096 ml
mass of CaCl2 = (0. 017125) × 111
= 1. 9 gm Sol.15 H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
1.9 moles of NaOH
% of CaCl2 = 45%
4.22 1
= 15 1.5 m mole
10
Conc. H SO
2 4
Sol.11 C6H12O C6H10 moles of H2SO4 required
100 gm 1.5
= = 0. 75 m mole
100 2
moles of cyclohexanol =
100 In 12 mL, mole of H2SO4 = 0. 75 m mole
= 1 mole 0.75
In 1 L, mole of H2SO4 = mole
mole of cyclohexene = 0. 75 mole 12
mass of cyclohexene = (0. 75) × 89 In 1 L, weight of H2SO4 required
= 61. 5 gm 0.75
= 98 gram = 6. 125 gm/L
12
Sol.12 2NaCl Na2SO4 (By Na = atom
balance) Sol.16 ethane (C2H6)
monobromination
(0.95)250 wurtz
n-butane (C H
4 10 )
pure NaCl mole = = 4. 059 mole reaction
23 35.5
2 C2H6 C4H10 (by carbon balance)
4.059
pure Na2SO4 = (46 96) XV
2
let’s say volume of ethane = x lt
= 288. 24 gm
weight of C4H10
288.24 100
Na2SO4 (90% pure) = x 90 85
90 = 58 55
2 22.4 100 100
= 320.27 gm
x = 55. 53 lit.
Sol.13 AgCl unreacted Sol.17 mole of HCl = 30 × 0. 25 m mole
(0.466 x)gm
= 7. 5 m mole
AgBr AgCl
x gm
let's say x fraction is K2CO3 so
x 7.5 x(0.5) (1 x)(0.5)
AgCl formed = × (1435) gm 10 3
188 2 138 74
= 0. 763 x x ~ 96%
Total weight after reaction Sol.18 mass of solution of HCl
= 0. 4066 – x + 0. 763 x = 100 × 1. 18 gm = 118 gm
weight lost = (1 – 0. 763)x = 0. 0725 mass of HCl in solution = (0. 36) (118)
x = 0. 306 gm = 30. 6% = 42. 48 gm
weight of Cl in initial mixture 42.48
35.5 nHCl = mole of HCl =
= (0. 4066 – 0. 306) × = 0. 0248 gm 365
143.5
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.18
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.19
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
x y x
1. 8 = 0.418 x = 61. 5 gm
5x = y 44.5
3(3 – x) = 11 – y = mass of AlCl3
9 – 3x = 11 – 5x mass of KNO3 = 124 – 97 = 27 gm
x=1 total mole = 0. 267 + 0. 460 + 0. 422
1 2 = 1. 149 mole
P4O10 = ; P4O6 =
3 3 1
Sol.32 CH3COCH3 + 3 CaOCl2 CHCl3 +x
(iii) P4 + 3O2 P4O6 2 (acetone) 2 30 gm
3–x 13–y 30
P4 + 5O2 P4O10 mole of CHCl3 =
119.5
x y By carbon balance
5x = y mole of acetone (ideally)
3(3 – x) = 13 – y 1 30
9 – 3x = 13 – 5x =
2 119.5
x=2
as the yield is 75%
P4O6 = 2
so weight required
P4O10 = 1
30 100
= (58) = 9. 7 gm
Sol.30 Cl– + AgNO3 AgCl + NO3 2 119.5 75
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.21
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
x = 3. 21 × 10–3
1000
34 Now,
H2O2 = 147 x M
20 moles of HCl = (moles of NH3) + (moles of NaOH)
0.316 50 × 0. 15 × 10–3 = 0. 2x + 3. 21 × 10–3
Moles of KMnO4 = 2 103
158 x = 2. 145 × 10–2
Now equating equivalents, molarity = 8x = 0. 1716 M
equivalents of H2O2 Sol.17
+7
= equivalents of KMnO4 KReO4 + Zn Zn2 Re x
1. 47x × 20 × 10–3 × 2 = 2 × 10–3 × 5 +7
x = 0. 17 gm KMnO4
purity of H2O2 = 85% (i)
moles O2 evolved = moles of H2O2 consumed. +7
S 1.22
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
x + y = 7. 5 × 10–3
total moles of chloride
BaCrO4 + I– I2 + Cr3+
x y
= 10–3 = 0. 1 x
74.5 122.5
Equating equivalents of BaCrO4 = I–
Now for another experiment
0. 1 x – 3 = 20 × 0. 05 × 10–3
FeSO4 102
x = 3. 33 × 10–3
30 × 0.2 × 10–3 3
y = 4. 167 × 10–3
Mass of BaCO3 = 0. 659 gm
CaCO3 = 0. 4167 gm
mass of CaO = 0. 1733
Reacted with Equivalent unreacted
% CaO = 13. 87%
KCl and KClO3 = 37.5 × 0.08 × 10–3
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Equivalents of I2 = 1. 5 × 10–3 × 0. 01 = 1. 5 × 2
8/3
10–5 Sol.27 MnSO4 .5H2O Mn3 O4
Moles of O3 = x 8/3
x × 6 = 1. 5 × 10–5 Now Mn3O4 + FeSO4 Fe3+ + Mn+2
x = 2. 5 × 10–6 + KMnO4
volume of O3 = 1. 847 × 10–4 lit. let assume no. of moles of
VO MnSO4 . 5H2O = x
3
% O3 = 1. 847 × 10–3 = 100 moles of Mn3O4 = 3x
10
3x(6)+100×0. 1×10–3 = 0. 12×100×10–3
2
Sol.24 MnO4 H2C2O4 Fe 25 × N = 30 × 0. 1
30×1.5 1.5×0.5 15×0.4 N = 0. 12
Fe3 CO2 Mn2 x = 1. 11 × 10–4
mass of MnSO4. 4H2O = 1. 338 gm.
(30 × 1. 5) – (15 × 0. 5 + 15 × 0. 4)
= 31.5 milliequivalents 5
3 2 – 3
31.5 10 Sol.28 (a) ClO3 Fe Cl Fe H2O
final of MnO4
60 103 5
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
5 2
(f) 4H+ + HNO3 + 3e– NO +
2H2O × (2)
1
2HBr Br2 + 2e– + 2H+ × (3)
2HNO3 + 6HBr 2NO + 3Br2 + 4H2O
7 0
(g) H+ + 2IO 4 + 14e– I2 + 4H2O
2I– I2 + 2e– × (7)
IO 4 + 7I– + 8H+ 4I2 + 4H2O
1
Sol.30 (a) H2O + 2e– + Ag2O 2Ag+ 2OH–
2 2
4OH– + S2O4 2SO3 + 2e– + H2O
S2O24 + Ag2O + 2OH– 2Ag
2
+ 2SO3 + H2O
o
(b) Cl2 + 2e– 2Cl–
o 1
Cl2 + 2OH– 2ClO + 2e– + 2H2O
Cl2 + 2OH Cl– + ClO– + H2O
0 1
(c) 2OH– + H2 H2O + 2e– + H2O × (3)
7 4
3e– + ReO4 ReO2 + 4OH– ×(2)
3H2 + 2ReO 4 2ReO2 + 2H2O + 2OH–
4 3
(d) ClO2 + e ClO 2 –
×(2)
3 5
2H2O + SbO 2 Sb(OH)6 + 2e–
+ 2OH– + H2O
2ClO2 + SbO2 + 2OH– + 2H2O
2ClO2 Sb(OH)6
7
(f) 4H2O+ MnO 4 5e Mn+2+8OH–
Fe+2 Fe+3 + e– ×(5)
MnO 4 + 5Fe+2 + 4H2O Mn2+
+ 5Fe3+ + 8OH–
S 1.25
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.26
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.27
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
17.6 mg y = –2 + 5 = +3
moles of C6H8O6 = = 0. 1 m mole
176 Sol.2 The ore which get easily oxidised is best
(A) O – atom = 6 × nC NA reducing agent
6H8O6
1
= 3. 6 × 1020 I– I2 is most feasible because.
2
1
(B) mole = = 5. 68 × 10–3
176 Sol.3 Alumino thermite process :-
(C) moles of C6H8O6 = 0. 1 m mole Al + Mn3O4 Al2O3 + Mn
Sol.16 Volume strength Reducing agent
2H2O2() O2(g) + 2H2O()
5
1 lt. of H2O2 gives x lt. of O2 gas then X is said
Sol.5. ClO 3 + 6H+ + x Cl– + 3H2O
to be volume strength of H2O2
It X – V is given at S. T. P. then
6e– +5 –1
x
mole of O2 produced =
22.4
2
x Sol.6 [Fe(H2O)5(NO)+]–1 SO4
mole of H2O2 required= (in litre)
11.2 Fex+ 5(H2O)0 (NO)+
x x + 1 = +2
molarity =
11.2 x 1
x x
normality = × (valency factor) =
11.2 5.6 Sol.7. KO2
x K O2 2x = –1
Strength in g/L = 34
11.2
17x 1
= x
5.6 2
Volume strength = Normality × 5. 6
0
2
Sol.17 (A) acid + acid No reaction Sol.8 3Br2 6CO3 3H2O 5Br– +
M1 V1 M2 V2 Total no of moles 5
Mavg. = = 6HCO3 + 5BrO3
V1 V2 Total volume
BrO Br–1 Reduction
Similarly (B)
BrO Br+5 Oxidation
(C) acid + basic
M1 V1 M2 V2
Mavg. = Sol.9 H2O2 + KI I2
V1 V2
(×5)
(D) mili equivalent = x × M × Vml
moles M1 V1
(E) Molarity = =
volume Volume hypo
M1 V1 Sol.10 eq. of hypo solution eq. of I2
=
V2 20 × 0. 1 × 10–3 = 50 × 10–3 × NH O
2 2
moles mass (gm) NH O 0.04
or = 2 2
volume Msolute Volume (lt.)
concentration of H2O2
Redox Reactions in gm/lit. =
0.04
34 0.34
2 4
Sol.1 N2H4 y = 10e–
each nitrogen coses 5e–
oxidation no. of N in
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.29
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
100
0.3348 = 0.437
174.3 = 2 × Atomic weight of M + 32.1 + 64
76.6 Atomic weight of M = 39,
metal is potassium (K)
Sol.3 Heating below 600ºC converts Pb(NO3 )2 K 2SO 4 on treatment with aqueous Al2 (SO 4 )3
into PbO but to NaNO3 into NaNO 2 as: gives potash-alum.
1 K2SO4 Al2 (SO4 )3 24H2O
Pb(NO3 )2 PbO(s) 2NO2 O2 B
2
MW. 330 222 K2SO4 Al2 (SO4 )3 ·24H2O
C
1
NaNO3 NaNO2 (s) O2 If the metal oxide A has molecular formula MOx,
2
two moles of it combine with one mole of
MW.85 69
sulphur to give one mole of metal sulphate as
28
Weight loss 5 1.4 g
100 2KOx S K 2SO 4
Weight of residue left = 5 – 1.4 = 3.6 g x = 2, i.e., A is KO 2 .
Now, let the original mixture contain x g of
Pb(NO3 )2 . Sol.5 93% H2SO 4 solution weight by volume
330 g Pb(NO3 )2 gives 222 g PbO indicates that there is 93 g H2SO 4 in 100 mL of
222 x solution.
x g Pb(NO3 )2 will give g PbO If we consider 100 mL solution, weight of
330
solution = 184 g
Similarly, 85 g NaNO3 gives 69 g NaNO 2
Weight of H2O in 100 mL solution
(5 – x)g NaNO3 will give = 184 – 93 = 91 g
S 1.30
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
Moles of solute 2
Change in oxidation number of Cr2 O7 per
Molality 1000
Weight of solvent(g) 2
formula unit is 6 (it is always fixed for Cr2 O7 ).
93 1000
10.43
98 91 Hence, equivalent weight of K 2Cr2O7
Molecular weight
Sol.6 Partial pressure of N2 = 0.001 atm, 6
Sol.7 The balanced chemical reaction is Sol.11 For the oxidation of An as:
3BaCl2 2Na3PO4 An AO3 n-factor = 5 – n
Ba3 (PO 4 )2 6NaCl Gram equivalent of An
= 2.68 103 (5 – n)
In this reaction, 3 moles of BaCl2 combined Now equating the above gram equivalent with
with 2 moles of Na3PO 4 . Hence, 0.5 mole of gram equivalent of KMnO 4 :
BaCl2 requires 2.68 103 (5 n) 1.61 10 3 5
2 n = +2
0.5 0.33 mole of Na3PO 4 .
3
Sol.12 The redox reaction involved is :
Since available Na3PO 4 (0.2 mole) is less than
required mole (0.33), it is the limiting reactant H2O2 2I 2H 2H2O I2
and would determine the amount of product If M is molarity of H2 O 2 solution, then
Ba3 (PO 4 )2 . 0.508 1000
5M
2 moles of Na3PO 4 gives 1 mole Ba3 (PO 4 )2 254
( 1 mole H2O2 1 mole I 2 )
0.2 mole of Na3PO 4 would give
M = 0.4
1 Ba3 (PO 4 )2
0.2 = 0.1 mole Also, n-factor of H2 O 2 is 2, therefore normality
2
of H2 O 2 solution is 0.8 N.
Sol.8 The following reaction occur between
Volume strength = Normality × 5.6
S2O32 and Cr2O72 : = 0.8 × 5.6 = 4.48 V
26H
3S2O32 4Cr2O72
6SO42 8Cr3 13H2O
S 1.31
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Stoichiometry and Redox Reactions
S 1.32
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