USING INTERNET OF THINGS IN MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF

DAMS

Observing the safety of dams is one of important measures to ensure the safety of the dam. This is
an important and indispensable activity in the work and management of the dam. Computer software
plays a vital role in monitoring the safety of dams. Many dam owners have developed information
systems for the dam safety management supervision to facilitate management and analysis of data.

Different types of dam: concrete, earth, arch and embankment dams. All these dams are deployed
in remote rural areas, making it difficult to manage security information for all dams. It is therefore
important to develop an information system for remote control of the monitoring system, to collect and to
transfer dam safety monitoring data so that all this information can be processed, analyzed and evaluated
to effectively adopt the decision on the status of the dam safety. Fortunately, such a remote information
system was successfully developed jointly by all the participants in the business. It was applied to a group
of dams where the staff can use the system for analysis and evaluation of data observations.

For effective control of dam life cycle, it is very important to implement the diagnosis in real time
and a reasonable estimate of dam safety based on the prototype observation here involves Digital Twin
technology. Constructed a bionic digital model of safe dams, which consists of a system of observations
(nerve), central processing units (big brain), and tools for decision-making (the body).

Implementation and development of the Internet of Things (IoT) is closely connected with the
construction of smart grids. Generally, using the technology of wireless communications and observations
all electrical devices can be connected in IoT, in order to make the smart grid become interactive
electricity network in real time.

This system of dam safety management is used for: Tracking and monitoring the behavior, which
consists of continuous monitoring, measurement and determination of compliance measured values and
their expected values, checking of the dam safety, which may be initial, periodic and extraordinary, and
refers to determining the condition of the facilities and determining the degree of the facilities safety.
Fig. 1 The structure of the software system for managing dam safety

Software system consists of the following components:

Interface with the system to technical monitoring

Number of modules for statistical analysis

Numeric module for the simulation of surface leakage

Numeric module for stress-strain analysis

Numeric module for data assimilation

Applications that are an integral part of the solution allow users to see current measurements
(measurements in real time) as well as the estimation of the state of the dam at the time.

Fig. 2 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

 The whole network is divided into several clusters, each of which is a monitoring area. The wireless
sensor nodes in each cluster can communicate with each other and transmit the data to the gateway
through multi-hops. The gateways can also communicate with each other and transmit the data to the sink.

Fig. 3 Communication services with measurement systems

Fig. 4 Model for Cloud and big data

This shows further project improvement. All data from acquisition servers are sent to the central server on
the cloud. All data transformation and processes are performed in the cloud.
 ILLEGAL OCCUPATION OF LAKES (ENCROACHMENT)

Arakere Lake –Information (SURVEY)

Name : Arakere

Location: At Hulimau junction after Arakere junction; opposite AECS Magnolia Maruthi School

Size: Apprx35 acre

Water condition: No water,Lake bed filled with weeds and sewage water underneath

Sewage : Sewage discharged from SE corner

Industrial waste discharged at NW corner Encroachment

Heavy encroachment on east and south side, as shown in subsequent sides

Trust name: Arakere neighborhood Encroachment Trust, represented by Arbind (9845193233; Veena
9535210850) DPR ,Approved by LDA

Arakere Satelite Map

Arakere–top

Encroachment on East Side

Sewage discharge at west and SW corner

Report of encroachment at A -H
Encroachment at point B
Encroachment at point C

Encroachment at point D
Encroachment at point E

Encroachment at point F
Encroachment at point G

Encroachment at point H
 Arakere – Rejuvenation Plan by BDA

Arakere – Rejuvenation Plan by BDA(bangalore development authority).

Estimated Cost 760 lakhs Expenditure 35 lakhs Lake Area 35 acre 3 gunta , Enchroachment 3 acre 18.5
guntas
Another example

Google Maps (Encroachment data to be verified by BDA

Issues such as lack of timely action in preventing encroachment, failures on the part of public authorities
to clear illegal encroachments and local bodies which contribute to

• blocking of waterways

• floods
 ASSESSMENT OF BAGMATI RIVER ENCROACHMENT THROUGH
APPLICATION OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING
Kathmandu, the capital urban agglomerate of Nepal, currently faces a number of environmental problems:
air, water, industrial and land pollution and so forth. Among them, Bagmati river pollution is a crucial
urban environmental issue in the Kathmandu valley, which has successfully captured national
(government, public and media) attention. For the sustainable protection and conservation of Bagmati
watershed, territory of Bagmati River has to be demarcated and ensured. Thus, land use and land cover
change (LULC) analysis and encroachment status help to determine the present condition of holy river
Bagmati.

Objectives: To apply geo-information and earth observation techniques for identifying and mapping the
Bagmati river encroachment.

To analyze the land cover change in Bagmati river Segment 7 (Manohara Junction to Thapathali) and
Segment 8 (Thapathali to Bakhu stretch).

Methodology: The spatial data used to depict land cover changes and squatter growths were: o Satellite
image of 2006

o Satellite image of 2014

Analysis of the river territory, demarcation, encroachment, vegetation (tree cluster), grassland and open
space in the banks of river were done with the data acquired from the attribute table after digitization of
these satellite images. Analysis tools ArcGIS 9.3 and Ms. Excel were used for calculation, tabulation and
map extraction.

Findings: The total area of 85517.48m2 in 2014 (compared to 34065.28m2 in 2006) has been covered
with built up area, i.e. settlement and road expansion along the stretches from Manohara Junction to
Balkhu. Within the interval of eight years, the water body has decreased by 5.41%, vegetation by 4.48%,
grassland by 26. 69%, while open space, settlement and road have increased by 28.29%, 6.32%, 1.97%
respectively.

Conclusion: From the land cover change analysis, 13.64% of Bagmati river territory has been further
encroached compared to 2006. River territory demarcation and legislation are essential to minimize
encroachment.
Recommendation: Establish web-based GIS to determine information on various aspects of Bagmati
river (territory, river area demarcation, segmentation, government policy, people’s participation on
Bagmati cleanliness campaigning and its further proceedings).

• Since GIS and RS technology is easy, cost efficient and with a wide range of applications (preparing
maps, compiling geographic data, analyzing map information and managing geographic information in a
database), it should be promoted in research study in academic sectors.