41. B. The tank in the figure is admitting water at 600 N/s and ejecting gasoline (sp.gr. = 0.

69) at
92 N/s. If all three fluids are incompressible and assume unit weight of water to be 9810 N/m³
and air at 15ºC has a value of R/g = 29.3 m/K.

① How much water is floating in?

② How much gasoline is flowing out?

③ How much air is passing through the vent.

Solution:

① Rate water is flowing in:

W 600 N /s
Q1 = γw = 9810 = N /m³

Q1 = 0.061162 m³/s

② Gasoline that flows out:

W 92
Q2 = γw = 0.69(9810)

Q2 = 0.013592 m³/s

③ Rate that air is passing through the vent:

Q1 = Q2 + Q3

0.061162 = 0.013592+ Q3

Q3 = 0.04757 m³/s (out)

ρ
(1)(101.3)
γ air = R =
T 29.3 (15+273)
g

γ air = 0.012004 kN/m³

41. B. The tank in the figure is admitting water at 200 N/s and ejecting gasoline (sp.gr. = 0.79) at
62 N/s. If all three fluids are incompressible and assume unit weight of water to be 9790 N/m³
and air at 20ºC has a value of R/g = 32.3 m/K.

① How much water is floating in?

② How much gasoline is flowing out?

③ How much air is passing through the vent.

Solution:

① Rate water is flowing in:

W 200 N /s
Q1 = γw = 9790 = N /m³

Q1 = 0.020429 m³/s

② Gasoline that flows out:

W 62
Q2 = γw = 0.79(9790)

Q2 = 0.0081645 m³/s

③ Rate that air is passing through the vent:

Q1 = Q2 + Q3

0.020429 = 0.0081645 + Q3

Q3 = 0.0122645 m³/s (out)

ρ
(1)(101.3)
γ air = R =
T 32.3 (20+273)
g

γ air = 0.010704 kN/m³

41. B. The tank in the figure is admitting water at 1000 N/s and ejecting gasoline (sp.gr. = 0.69)
at 600 N/s. If all three fluids are incompressible and assume unit weight of water to be 9829
N/m³ and air at 33ºC has a value of R/g = 29.3 m/K.

① How much water is floating in?

② How much gasoline is flowing out?

③ How much air is passing through the vent.

Solution:

① Rate water is flowing in:

W 1000 N /s
Q1 = γw = 9829 = N /m³

Q1 = 0.101739 m³/s

② Gasoline that flows out:

W 600
Q2 = γw = 0.69(9829)

Q2 = 0.088469 m³/s

③ Rate that air is passing through the vent:

Q1 = Q2 + Q3

0.101739 = 0.088469 + Q3

Q3 = 0.01327 m³/s (out)

ρ
(1)(101.3)
γ air = R =
T 29.3 (33+273)
g
 γ air = 0.011298 kN/m³

41. C. In the figure shown, pipes 1 and 2 are of diameter 5 cm,. D3 = 8 cm. Alcohol (sp.gr. =
0.80) enters section 1 at 6 m/s while water enters section 2 at 50 m/s. Assuming ideal mixing of
incompressible fluids and temperature is 50ºC and unit weight of water is 998 kg/m³.

① Compute the rate of the outflow at section 3 in liters/sec.

② Compute the exit velocity at section 3.

③ Compute the density of mixture at 3.

Solution:

① Rate of outflow at 3:

Q1 + Q2 = Q3

A1 V1 + A2 V2 = Q3

π π
4 (0.05)2 (6) + 4 (0.05)2 (50) = Q3

Q3 = 0.109956 m3/s

Q3 = 10.9956 liters/sec.

② Exit Velocity at 3:

Q3 = A3 V3

π
2
0.109956 = 4 (0.08) V3

V3 = 21.875 m/s.

③ Density of mixture at section 3:

 M1 + M2 = M3

ρ = A1 V1 + ρ A2 V2 = ρ A3 V3
alcohol H20 mixture

π π
0.80 (998)
( ) (0.05)2 (6) + 998 ( 2
4 4 ) (0.05) (50)

π
= ρ mixture ( 4 ) (0.08)2 (21.875)

ρ = 976.61 kg/m3
mixture

41. C. In the figure shown, pipes 1 and 2 are of diameter 7 cm,. D3 = 6 cm. Alcohol (sp.gr. =
0.78) enters section 1 at 9 m/s while water enters section 2 at 15 m/s. Assuming ideal mixing of
incompressible fluids and temperature is 20ºC and unit weight of water is 998 kg/m³.

① Compute the rate of the outflow at section 3 in liters/sec.

② Compute the exit velocity at section 3.

③ Compute the density of mixture at 3.

Solution:

① Rate of outflow at 3:

Q1 + Q2 = Q3

A1 V1 + A2 V2 = Q3

π π
4 (0.07)2 (9) + 4 (0.07)2 (15) = Q3

Q3 = 0.09236 m3/s

Q3 = 9.236 liters/sec.

② Exit Velocity at 3:

Q3 = A3 V3
 π
2
0.09236= 4 (0.06) V3

V3 = 32.6666 m/s.

③ Density of mixture at section 3:

M1 + M2 = M3

ρ = A1 V1 + ρ A2 V2 = ρ A3 V3
alcohol H20 mixture

π π
0.78 (998)
( ) (0.07) (9) + 998 ( 4 ) (0.07)2(15)
2
4

π
= ρ mixture (
2
4 ) (0.06) (32.6666)

ρ = 915.6836 kg/m3
mixture

41. C. In the figure shown, pipes 1 and 2 are of diameter 5 cm,. D3 = 6 cm. Alcohol (sp.gr. =
0.82) enters section 1 at 8 m/s while water enters section 2 at 12 m/s. Assuming ideal mixing of
incompressible fluids and temperature is 22ºC and unit weight of water is 1000 kg/m³.

① Compute the rate of the outflow at section 3 in liters/sec.

② Compute the exit velocity at section 3.

③ Compute the density of mixture at 3.

Solution:

① Rate of outflow at 3:

Q1 + Q2 = Q3

A1 V1 + A2 V2 = Q3

π π
2
4 (0.05) (8) + 4 (0.05)2 (12) = Q3
 Q3 = 0.03927 m3/s

Q3 = 39.2699 liters/sec.

② Exit Velocity at 3:

Q3 = A3 V3

π
2
0.03927= 4 (0.06) V3

V3 = 13.8889 m/s.

③ Density of mixture at section 3:

M1 + M2 = M3

ρ = A1 V1 + ρ A2 V2 = ρ A3 V3
alcohol H20 mixture

π π
0.82 (1000)
( ) (0.05)2 (8) + 1000 ( 2
4 4 ) (0.05) (12)

π
= ρ mixture (
2
4 ) (0.06) (13.889)

ρ = 923.9926 kg/m3
mixture

42. ① Find the approximate height of water upstream of the dam or the headwater in meters,
such that an air bubble, upon reaching the water surface has volume 3 times than it had at the
bottom?

② Compute the absolute pressure at the bottom of the dam.

③ Compute the gage pressure at the bottom of the dam.

Solution:

① By Boyles’s Law:

Patm = 101.25 kPa

 P1 V1 = P2 V2

P1 = 101.25 + 9.78 H (abs)

P1 = 101.25 (abs)

Then:

(101.25 + 9.78H) V = 101.25 (3V)

9.78H = 101.25 (3) – 101.25

H = 20.71m.

② Absolute pressure:

P = 101.25 + 9.78 (20.7)

P = 303.696 kPa

③ Gage reading at the bottom of the dam:

P = 303.696 – 101.25

P = 202.446 kPa

42. ① Find the approximate height of water upstream of the dam or the headwater in meters,
such that an air bubble, upon reaching the water surface has volume 5 times than it had at the
bottom?

② Compute the absolute pressure at the bottom of the dam.

③ Compute the gage pressure at the bottom of the dam.

Solution:

① By Boyles’s Law:

Patm = 101.25 kPa

P1 V1 = P2 V2

P1 = 101.25 + 9.78 H (abs)

 P1 = 101.25 (abs)

Then:

(101.25 + 9.78H) V = 101.25 (5V)

9.78H = 101.25 (5) – 101.25

H = 41.411m.

② Absolute pressure:

P = 101.25 + 9.78 (41.411)

P = 503.3058 kPa

③ Gage reading at the bottom of the dam:

P = 503.3058 – 101.25

P = 402.0558 kPa

42. ① Find the approximate height of water upstream of the dam or the headwater in meters,
such that an air bubble, upon reaching the water surface has volume 8 times than it had at the
bottom?

② Compute the absolute pressure at the bottom of the dam.

③ Compute the gage pressure at the bottom of the dam.

Solution:

① By Boyles’s Law:

Patm = 101.3 kPa

P1 V1 = P2 V2

P1 = 101.3 + 9.81 H (abs)

P1 = 101.3 (abs)

Then:
 (101.3 + 9.81H) V = 101.3 (8V)

9.81H = 101.3 (8) – 101.3

H = 72.28m.

② Absolute pressure:

P = 101.3 + 9.81 (72.28)

P = 810.3668 kPa

③ Gage reading at the bottom of the dam:

P = 303.88 – 101.3

P = 709.0668 kPa

43. Cylinder glass tubing 2.8cm inside diameter and 90cm long with one end closed is
immersed vertically with the open end down into a tank of cleaning solvent ( sp.gr. = 0.73) until
only 5cm. of its length remain above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 1 kg/cm2
and neglecting vapor pressure,

① How high will the fluid rise in the tube?

② Compare the height of the air inside the glass.

③ What force required to maintain equilibrium.

Solution:

① Height of fluid rise in the tube:

P1 = 1kg/cm2

P2 = P1 + wh

1000 ( 0.73 ) (h) Kg m³

P2 = 1 + 100³ m³ 100³ cm³ )
¿
 P2 = 1 +0.00073h kg/cm2

π
V1 = 4 (2.8)2 (90)

V1 = 554.18 cm3

π
V2 = 4 (2.8)2 (h + 5)

V2 = 6.158 (h + 5)

Using Boyle’s Law:

P1 V1=P2 V2

1 (554.18) = (1 + 0.00073h) (6.158) (h + 5)

554.18
6.158 = (1 + 0.00073h) (h + 5)

89.99 = h + 0.00073h2 + 5 + 0.00365h

89.99 = 0.00073h2 + 1.00365h + 5

h2 + 1374.86h – 116424.657 = 0

h = 80cm.

x = 90 – 5 – 80

x = 5cm.

② Height of air inside the glass:

h + 5 = 85cm.

③ Force required to maintain equilibrium:

ρ =γhA
A
 π ( 0.028) ²
F = 9810 4 0.80

F = 4.83N

43. Cylinder glass tubing 3cm inside diameter and 100cm long with one end closed is immersed
vertically with the open end down into a tank of cleaning solvent ( sp.gr. = 0.80) until only 6cm.
of its length remain above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 1 kg/cm2 and
neglecting vapor pressure,

① How high will the fluid rise in the tube?

② Compare the height of the air inside the glass.

③ What force required to maintain equilibrium.

Solution:

① Height of fluid rise in the tube:

P1 = 1kg/cm2
 P2 = P1 + wh

1000 ( 0.80 ) (h) Kg m³

P2 = 1 + 100³ m³ 100³ cm³ )
¿

P2 = 1 +0.00080h kg/cm2

π
V1 = 4 (3)2 (100)

V1 = 706.858 cm3

π
V2 = 4 (3)2 (h + 6)

V2 = 7.0686 (h + 6)

Using Boyle’s Law:

P1 V1=P2 V2

1 (706.858) = (1 + 0.00080h) (7.0686) (h + 6)

706.858
7.0686 = (1 + 0.00080h) (h + 6)

99.99 = h + 0.00080h2 + 6 + 0.00048h

99.99 = 0.00080h2 + 1.0048h + 6

h = 87.452cm.

x = 90 – 6 – 87.452

x = 3cm.

② Height of air inside the glass:

h + 6 = 90.452cm.

③ Force required to maintain equilibrium:

 ρ =γhA
A

π ( 0.03) ²
F = 9810 4 0.80

F = 5.547 N.

43. Cylinder glass tubing 3 cm inside diameter and 92cm long with one end closed is immersed
vertically with the open end down into a tank of cleaning solvent ( sp.gr. = 0.75) until only 7cm.
of its length remain above the liquid surface. If the barometric pressure is 1 kg/cm2 and
neglecting vapor pressure,

① How high will the fluid rise in the tube?

② Compare the height of the air inside the glass.

③ What force required to maintain equilibrium.

Solution:

① Height of fluid rise in the tube:

P1 = 1kg/cm2

P2 = P1 + wh

1000 ( 0.75 ) (h) Kg m³

P2 = 1 + 100³ m³ 100³ cm³ )
¿

P2 = 1 +0.00075h kg/cm2

π
V1 = 4 (3)2 (92)

V1 = 650.3097 cm3
 π
V2 = 4 (3)2 (h + 7)

V2 = 7.0686 (h + 7)

Using Boyle’s Law:

P1 V1=P2 V2

1 (650.3097) = (1 + 0.00075h) (7.0686) (h + 7)

650.3097
7.0686 = (1 + 0.00075h) (h + 7)

91.9998 = h + 0.00075h2 + 7 + 0.00365h

h = 79.918cm.

x = 90 – 7 – 79.918

x = 3.082 cm.

② Height of air inside the glass:

h + 3.082 = 83cm.

③ Force required to maintain equilibrium:

ρ =γhA
A

π ( 0.03) ²
F = 9810 4 0.80

F = 5.547 N.