Transport Innovations

Global Consultation for Decision-Makers

on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing

Peter Midgley
Urban Mobility Advisor
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Definitions

Bike-sharing (bīk-sher-iŋ)
1: short-term bicycle rental available at
unattended urban locations;
2: bicycle transit

Smart-bikes
1: Make use of applied technology (smart cards
and/or mobile phones);
2: Provide users with real-time bike availability
information on the internet/smart phones.
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Objectives/Benefits

Flexible mobility
Emission reductions
Individual financial savings
Reduced congestion and fuel use
Health benefits
Improve multimodal transport connections
Provide “last mile” connection to public transport
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Bikes
• Attractive
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Bikes
Velib (Paris) • Attractive
• Rugged
• Simple
• At least 3 gears
• Baggage racks
• Unisex
• Weather proof
• Vandal “proof”
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Bikes
Taipei • Attractive
• Rugged
• Simple
• At least 3 gears
• Baggage racks
• Unisex
• Weather proof
• Vandal “proof”
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Bikes
Citibike (New York) • Attractive
• Rugged
• Simple
• At least 3 gears
• Baggage racks
• Unisex
• Weather proof
• Vandal “proof”
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Bikes
• Attractive
• Rugged
• Simple
• At least 3 gears
• Baggage racks
• Unisex
• Weather proof
• Vandal “proof”
Call-a-Bike (Berlin) • + Pedelecs (Electric Bikes)
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Docking stations
• 24/7 “pick-up” and “drop-off”
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Docking stations
• 24/7 “pick-up” and “drop-off”
• Easy “smartcard” access
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Docking stations
• 24/7 “pick-up” and “drop-off”
• Easy “smartcard” access
• Solar powered
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Docking stations
• 24/7 “pick-up” and “drop-off”
• Easy “smartcard” access
• Solar powered
• Modular and movable
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Docking stations
• 24/7 “pick-up” and “drop-off”
• Easy “smartcard” access
• Solar powered
• Modular and movable
• Some even provide helmets
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Docking stations
• 24/7 “pick-up” and “drop-off”
• Easy “smartcard” access
• Solar powered
• Modular and movable
• Some even provide helmets
• All require “rebalancing”
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Smart Technology
• Real time bike availability on
the internet

Bike Pernambuco
(Recife Metro Area, Brazil)
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Smart Technology
• Real time bike availability on
the internet
• ..and on Smartphone apps
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Smart Technology
London Weekday Journeys
Zaltz Austwick M, O’Brien O, Strano E, Viana M (2013) The Structure of Spatial Networks and Communities in Bicycle Sharing Systems. PLoS ONE
• Real time bike availability on
the internet
• ..and on Smartphone apps
• Monitors bike movements
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Smart Technology
• Real time bike availability on
the internet
• ..and on Smartphone apps
• Monitors bike movements
• Provides data on bike use,
fleet performance, etc.
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Smart Technology
• Real time bike availability on
the internet
• ..and on Smartphone apps
• Monitors bike movements
• Provides data on bike use,
fleet performance, etc.
• Handles payments and
subscriptions
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Bike lanes
London Weekday Journeys • For a bicycle-sharing to
function, cyclists must be
able to move around the city
easily and safely
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Bike lanes
London Weekday Journeys • For a bicycle-sharing to
function, cyclists must be
able to move around the city
easily and safely
• A network of bicycle lanes is
essential
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Characteristics

Providers and Operators
London Weekday Journeys Many options possible!
• Private provider
…..and operator
…..and public operator
• Public provider
…..and private operator
…..and operator
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Issues

Vandalism
Helmets
Insurance
• Valencia offering supplemental liability and accident
insurance
Weather
Terrain
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Impacts

Modal shift
London Weekday Journeys • Little impact on car trips
• Most impact on public
transport trips
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Impacts

Performance
London Weekday Journeys • Accessibility (35% weight)
• Information (26%)
• Ease of rental (25%)
• Bikes (14%)
• Key performance demands:
• Lots of stations
• Easy to use
• Clear-cut rates
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Countries

Countries with Bike-Sharing Systems 2000-2013

(Source: Peter Midgley)

60

50 52

40

30
30

20

10
10
6
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Countries

52 Countries with Bike Sharing Systems in 2013

Albania Gibraltar Poland

Austria Greece Romania
Belgium Ireland Portugal
Croatia Italy Russia
Cyprus Latvia Serbia
Czech Republic Lithuania Slovenia Australia
Denmark Luxemburg Spain Azerbaijan
Canada France Monaco Sweden
Mexico China
Georgia Netherlands Switzerland India
USA Germany Norway UK Indonesia
North America Europe Iran Japan
Israel Korea
3 30 Turkey
UAE (Dubai)
New Zealand
Singapore
Taiwan
Middle East Thailand

Argentina 4 Asia and Pacific

Brazil
Chile
Colombia
10
Ecuador

Latin America
5
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Countries

Countries with Bike Sharing Systems by region 2007-2010-2013

21

30
3 13
3
North America
Europe 2 4 7
Middle East 10

Asia and Pacific

3
35
5

Latin America
52

13

Worldwide 2007 2010 2013

Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Systems

Growth in Bike-Sharing Systems 2000-2013

(Source: Peter Midgley)

700

600 635

500

400

300 328

200

100
99
6
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Systems

Bike Sharing Systems by region 2007-2010-2013

386

10 175
34 469
North America
Europe 2 7
Middle East 43
108

Asia and Pacific

4
445 17
Latin America
175 635

Worldwide 2007 2010 2013

Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Fleet

Global Bike-Sharing Fleet 2000-2013

(Source: Peter Midgley)

700,000
629,872

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

195,184
200,000

100,000

4,155
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Fleet

Bike Sharing Fleet by region 2007-2010-2013

119,790

62,662 135,389
7,735
21,699 144,487
North America
Europe 730 451,257
3,395
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

264,134 490
9,034
Latin America
62,662 629,872

Worldwide 2007 2010 2013

Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Winners

USA: 17 new systems (2012-13)
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Winners

USA: 17 new systems (2012-13)

Citibike New York Bikenation Anaheim CA

B-Cycle Boulder CO Capital Bikeshare Washington DC

Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Winners

“The Ministry of Environment , Energy and Climate Change “Green Fund” provided 100% financing to create Bike Sharing systems
in 16 municipalities.”
Greece: 18 new systems (2013)

North America
Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

Latin America

Worldwide
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Winners

“The Ministry of Environment , Energy and Climate Change “Green Fund” provided 100% financing to create Bike Sharing systems
in 16 municipalities.”
Greece: 18 new systems (2013)

North AmericaEasybikes Cyclopolis Agia

Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

Latin America

Worldwide Easybikes Cyclopolis Agia

Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Winners

China: 30 new systems (2012-13)
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Winners

China: 30 new systems (2012-13)
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Losers

Bike Sharing Systems closed 2012-13

-1 Norway
-2 Denmark
-5 UK
-5 Germany
-2 France
North America -34 Spain -1 Greece
Europe -6 Italy
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

-5 Brazil
Latin America

-1
-62 New Zealand

Worldwide
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Losers

Most closures (34) in Spain (2013)
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Losers

Most closures (34) in Spain (2013)

Cáceres Algeciras

Torrelavega
Torrelavega
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Information

Bike Sharing World Map (Meddin and DeMaio)

North America
Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

Latin America

Worldwide
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Information

Real Time Bike Availability
Capital Bikeshare
(Washington DC Metro Area)

North America
Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

Latin America

Bike Pernambuco
(Recife Metro Area, Brazil)
Worldwide
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Information

O’Brien Bike Share Map (100+ Cities in real time)

North America
Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

Latin America

Worldwide
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Information

O’Brien Bike Share Visualisation (London)

North America
Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

Latin America

Worldwide
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Information

UN DESA Report 2011

North America
Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

Latin America

Worldwide
Transport Innovations
Global Consultation for Decision-Makers
on Implementing Sustainable Transport

Bike Sharing: Thank You

Sorry I could not be with you !

North America
Europe
Middle East

Asia and Pacific

pmidgley@earthlink.net

Worldwide