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Level 2 Index
2.01. Giving Directions Around Town: Part 1
2.02. Giving Directions Around Town: Part 2
2.03. Past Simple Tense Part 1: Regular Verbs
and Questions
2.04. Past Simple Tense Part 2: Irregular
Verbs
2.05. Past Simple Tense Part 3: Was/Were
2.06. Past Simple Tense Pronunciation
2.07. Prepositions of Time
2.08. Simple Future Tense Part 1: Be Going To
2.09. Simple Future Tense Part 2: Be Going To
with Questions
2.10. I’d Like To Make Plans
2.11. Describing Abilities with Can
Wrap-up
Level 3 Index
3.01. Past Simple Tense Review: What did you
do last weekend?
3.02. Past Continuous Tense: What were you
doing yesterday?
3.03. Modals (should / shouldn’t): What do
you recommend?
3.04. Weekend Plans Part 1: Going To
3.05. Weekend Plans Part 2: Going To with
Questions
3.06. What Are Your Hobbies?
3.07. Modals (may / might): What are your
summer plans?
3.08. Phrasal Verbs: Introduction
3.09. Possessives: Is that yours or mine?
3.10. Level 3 Review
Wrap-up
Level 4 Index
4.01. I Used To…
4.02. Plan Your Free Time: Using the infinitive
to express purpose
4.03. Simple Future Tense Part 1: Will
4.04. Simple Future Tense Part 2: Negatives
and Contractions
4.05. If Clauses: Zero Conditional
4.06. If Clauses: First Conditional
4.07. Modals (can / could): Making requests
and offers
4.08. Using Was/Were with Adjectives
4.09. Present Perfect Tense Part 1:
Experiences
4.10. Present Perfect Tense Part 2: Questions
Wrap-up
2.01. Giving Directions Around
Town: Part 1
2.01 - Giving Directions Around

Town: Part 1
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• ask questions about location.
• use the prepositions “next to”, “across from”, and
“between” to describe places around town.
Back to Index
2.01 - Warm-up
Match the common places around town to the pictures.
shopping
hospital restaurant park coffee shop post office drugstore
mall
2.01 - Let’s Learn
To find out where a place in town is, English uses the
form:
Where + is + the + place?

Where is _________________?
Example: Where is the hospital?
To describe where things are, English uses prepositions of location.
We use the form:
Place + is + preposition + place
Here are some common prepositions of location:
next to
Ex. The drugstore is next to the post office.

Place + is + preposition + place
across from
Ex. The coffee shop is across from the hospital.

Place + is + between + place + and + place
between
Ex. The drugstore is between the bakery and the post office.
2.01 - Let’s Practice
Create sentences about the town.
The coffee shop is…
Word Bank:
next to
across from
between
Create sentences about the town.
The restaurant is…
Word Bank:
next to
across from
between
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Wrap-up slide
2.02. Giving Directions Around
Town: Part 2
2.02 - Giving Directions Around

Town: Part 2
• give directions around town.
• use prepositions to describe locations around town.
Back to Index
2.02 - Warm-up
Match the sentence to the
correct arrow.
Turn left at
the bakery.
Turn right
at the park.
Go straight.
Go past the
drugstore.
To give directions, English uses the imperative form:
verb + direction
Examples:
Walk straight.
Turn left
Go right.
Drive past the park.

Write an imperative for each picture.
Turn right.
English uses the prepositions at, on and past to talk about location.
at
Use at to show a specific place, location or position.
at + specific place
Ex:
Turn left at the restaurant.
on
Use on to show positions on streets or roads.
on + street
Ex:
Turn right on Main Street.
past
Use past to indicate beyond a place or location.
past + location
Ex:
Go past the coffee shop.
Use the correct preposition (at, on, past) in the imperative sentences.
Turn left ______ Central Street.
Go straight ______ the light.
Turn right _______ the park.
Go ______ the drugstore.

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Wrap-up slide
2.03. Past Simple Tense Part 1:
Regular Verbs and Questions
2.03 - Past Simple Tense Part 1:

Regular Verbs and Questions
• use common regular verbs in the past simple tense.
• create questions that ask about past actions.
Back to Index
2.03 - Warm-up
Match the common verbs to the pictures.
walk talk shop watch cook clean

To talk about completed actions in the past, English uses the past simple tense.
For regular verbs, use the form:

verb + - ed
verb + - ed = past simple tense

walk - ed walked
talk - ed
shop - ed shopped*
watch - ed
cook - ed
clean - ed
*some regular verbs that end with a vowel + consonant require a spelling change.
Make a sentence using the past simple tense.
The family cooked dinner.

To ask about an action in the past, use the form:
Wh- + did + subject + verb?
Example:
Where did you shop?
When did he work?
What did she cook?

Change the statements into past tense questions.
What did Angela cook for dinner?

Angela cooked spaghetti for dinner.
___________________________________
Bruno worked yesterday.
___________________________________
Kimmy and Sandra shopped at the mall.
___________________________________
I cleaned the house because my parents are visiting.
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Wrap-up slide
2.04. Past Simple Tense Part 2: Irregular
Verbs

Irregular Verbs
• use common irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
• create questions that ask about past actions.
Back to Index
2.04 - Warm-up
Match the common verbs to the pictures.
go to the do
drink eat write drive
movies housework
To talk about completed actions in the past, English uses the past
simple tense.
Remember, regular verbs use the form:

verb + - ed Example: walked
Many common verbs are irregular in the past simple tense.

Match the irregular verb to the correct past tense form.
Then, use two words in a sentence.
write ate
do drank
go wrote
drive drove
eat did
drink went
To create past simple sentences using irregular verbs, English uses the form:
Subject + verb + complement. Word Bank:

write drink pizza
Complete the chart: go a car housework
Subject + verb + complement

I ate
He coffee.
She drove
We a letter.
They did
John to the movies.
Answer the questions about past events using the past simple tense.
What did you eat yesterday?
What did you do last weekend?
What did you drink today?
Where did you drive last Monday?

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Wrap-up slide
2.05.Past Simple Tense Part 3:
Was/Were

Was/Were
• use was/were for emotions.
• use adjectives to describe how people felt in the past.
Back to Index
2.05 - Warm-up
Match the adjectives to the pictures.
hungry thirsty tired relaxed happy nervous

The past tense of the verb “to be” has two forms: was and were
Do you remember the present tense of “to be”?
Pronoun Present Past

I am was
He/she/it was
You were
We were
They were
Complete the sentences with was or were.
1. Jim _________ tired yesterday.
2. They _________ happy when they went on vacation.
3. I didn’t eat breakfast, so I _________ hungry.
4. She _________ nervous before the exam.
5. We drank soda because we _________ thirsty.

To describe emotions in the past, English uses the form:
was / were + adjective Word Bank:

was relaxed
were nervous
Complete the sentences using the correct word:
After Sarah went shopping, she _________ tired.
After practicing silent yoga for an hour, I was ____________.
Tom was _____________ about the exam.
After they visited their grandparents, they ___________ happy.

Describe the emotions the different people experienced yesterday.
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Wrap-up slide
2.06. Past Simple Tense
Pronunciation
2.06 - Past Simple Tense

Pronunciation
• hear the difference between pronunciations of the
past simple.
• correctly pronounce the past simple tense.
Back to Index
Warm-up 2.06 - Warm-up
Read these words for your teacher:
1) wanted
2) needed
3) helped
4) looked
5) called
6) cleaned
All these verbs end in -ed. Are they all pronounced the same?
You already know how to create the past simple tense in English:
“verb + -ed”
There are three ways we pronounce the “-ed” at the end of a verb:
• Sound: /t/ Example: helped = helpt

• Sound: /d/ Example: called = cald
• Sound: /id/ Example: wanted = want-ed (2 syllables)*
*/id/ pronunciation adds a syllable to the word.
How do we know which pronunciation to use?

The pronunciation depends on the last consonant of the verb.
What are the final consonants in the following words?

• help
• call
• want
/t/ /d/ /id/

final final final
consonant example consonant example consonant example
-p helped -l called -t wanted
-k walked -n cleaned -d needed
-f stuffed -r offered
-gh laughed -g hugged
-sh washed -v saved
-ch watched -s used
-ss kissed -z amazed
-ce danced -b rubbed
-x fixed -m calmed
Word Bank: Step 1: Add the verbs from the word bank to the correct pronunciation list.
Read the lists.
accepted /t/ /d/ /id/
buzzed
canceled
checked
climbed
cured
coughed
established
developed
danced
explained
kissed
scratched
taxed
sniffed
pretended
Step 2: Make a sentence using one of the verbs.
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Wrap-up slide
2.07. Prepositions of Time
2.07 - Prepositions of Time

• use the prepositions “in”, “at”, and “on” to talk about
past events.
• answer questions about past events.
Back to Index
2.07 - Warm-up
What time did you wake up this morning?
I woke up at _______________.
What time did you start work this morning?
I started work at ___________________.
What day did you go to the supermarket last week?
I went to the supermarket on ______________.

English uses the prepositions in, at and on to talk about time.
in
Use in to talk about time more generally.
in + Month in + the + season in + the + morning/afternoon/evening
Ex:
Jennifer traveled to Europe in July. Jennifer traveled to Europe in the summer.
at
Use at to talk about a specific time or in the time phrase at night.
at + time + a.m./p.m.
Ex:
They went to the meeting at 2:30 p.m.
on
Use on to talk about a specific date.
on + Month + Day on + Day of the week
Ex:
The dinner was on May 9. John worked on Monday.
Put each time expression in the correct column:
January Saturday Monday evening

8:30 p.m. December midnight nine o’clock
October Wednesday morning winter
in at on
When is your birthday?
What time do you eat lunch?
What month do children start school in your country?
What day of the week do you like to go to the movie theater?
When does it get cold in your country? When does it get hot in your country?
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Wrap-up slide
2.08. Simple Future Tense Part 1:
Be Going To
2.08 - Simple Future Tense Part

1: Be Going To
• make future plans with others.
• use prepositional phrases to talk about future events.
Back to Index
2.08 - Warm-up
What are you going to do tomorrow?
Tomorrow, I am going to…
What are you going to do this weekend?
This weekend, I am going to…

To talk about future events or make plans in the future, English uses the form:
Subject + to be + going to + verb + rest
Example:
John is going to meet Sarah tonight.
We are going to go to the concert on Monday.
Do you remember
What are you going to do next week? the verb “to be”?
Fill in the chart:

Pronoun to be
I am
You
He/she/it
We
They
Review the prepositions of time in, at and on.
in
Use in to talk about time more generally.
Ex:
Sandra is going to travel to Canada in July.
at
Use at to talk about a specific time.
Ex:
Linda and Sam are going to meet for dinner at 2:30p.m.
on
Use on to talk about a specific date.
Ex:
I am going to go to the gym on Monday.
Fill in the blanks in the following dialogue with the correct preposition or verb:
Jack: Hey Gemma! I am going to have a party ___________ Friday. Do you want to come?
Gemma: Yes! What’s the occasion?
Jack: The party is for David. He ___________ going to move to the United States __________
September.
Gemma: That’s great!
Jack: The party is _____________ start ___________ seven o’clock. It’s a surprise party so please
come on time!
Gemma: Okay. Thanks for the invitation!

Where are you going to go for your next vacation?
When are you going to eat dinner?
What are you going to celebrate in December?
How are you going to celebrate your birthday?

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Wrap-up slide
Be Going To with Questions

2: Be Going To with Questions
• ask about future plans.
• talk about future plans.
Back to Index
2.09 - Warm-up
Match the questions to the pictures. Then, answer them in complete sentences.
Are you going to go to the party?

Yes, I am going to go to the party.
Are you going to go to the party? Are Ben and Iris going to meet at the coffee shop?
Is she going to run in the park? Is Carolyn going to work at the drugstore?
To ask yes/no questions about future events, English uses the form:
To be + subject + going to + verb + object?
The object can be a person, place, thing or specific time.
Examples:
Are you going to walk to the movies?
Are you going to eat dinner?
Is he going to run tomorrow?

To answer yes/no questions about future events, English uses the form:
Yes, + subject + to be + going to + verb + object.
Yes, I am going to walk to the movies.
No, + subject + to be + not + going to + verb + object.
No, I am not going to walk to the movies.
Do you remember “to be” contractions?

Fill in the chart:
To Be Contractions
To be Positive Negative
I am I’m I’m not
You are You aren’t
He is
We are We’re
They are
Form questions using the simple future (going to). Then finish the chart.
Yes/No Question Positive Statement Negative Statement

To be + subject + going to + Yes, + subject + to be + going to No, + subject + to be + not + going
verb + object? + verb + object. to + verb + object.
Are you going to learn English? Yes, I am going to learn English. No, I am not going to learn English.
Yes, you
Yes, he
Yes, she
Yes, we
Yes, they
Word Bank:
eat drink walk talk study
drive work text drive watch TV
Try and figure out what your teacher is going to do this weekend! Ask them some
yes/no questions. Could you figure out their plans?
Are you going to go to the movies?
Word Bank:
eat see friends walk talk spend time with family
drive work text watch TV go to a party
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Wrap-up slide
2.10. I’d Like To Make Plans
2.10 - I’d Like To Make Plans

• talk about wants, desires, and preferences.
• discuss tentative plans.
Back to Index
2.10 - Warm-up
Would you like to eat pizza or a hamburger?
I'd like to eat _____________________.
Would you like to watch a movie at the movie

theater or at home?
I'd like to watch __________________________.
Would you like to go dancing or read a book?
I'd like to _____________________.

To talk about our desires, wants and preferences, English uses the form:
I’d like to + verb
Examples:
Would you like to spend a weekend on the beach or in a snowy cabin?

I'd like to go to a snowy cabin.
Would you like anything to drink?

I'd like to order a soda.
It's hot in here. I'd like to open a window.

What would you like to do?
I’d like to read a book.
Word Bank:
study work wake up go to bed drink
drive eat walk talk take the bus
To talk about plans in the future that are tentative and might change, English also
uses the form:
I’d like to + verb
Examples:
What are you going to do next year?

I’d like to go to university.
Do you have any plans next weekend?

I'd like to run in the park.
What are your plans for your next vacation?
What would you like to do for your birthday?
What would you like to eat at an expensive restaurant?
What are your plans for this weekend?

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Wrap-up slide
2.11. Describing Abilities with
Can
2.11 - Describing Abilities with

Can
• talk about someone’s skill or general abilities.
• talk about someone’s inability.
• ask about abilities and inabilities.
Back to Index
2.11 - Warm-up
What can you do?
I ( can / can’t ) dance. I ( can / can’t ) cook.
I ( can / can’t ) play soccer. I ( can / can’t ) fly an airplane.

To talk about an ability or skill, English uses the modal can + verb.
Examples:
Cheetahs can run.
He can go with you after work.
They can take you to school.
To talk about an inability, English uses the modal can’t + verb.
Examples:
I can't sing.
We have a meeting at noon, we can't go to lunch with you.
Dogs can't fly.

To ask about an ability, English uses the form:
Can + subject + verb ?
Examples:
Can the fish swim?
Can Suzy call them tomorrow?
Can he ask your mom?

Can you help me? ______________________________?

______________________________ Yes, ducks can fly.
Can she tie her shoelaces?

______________________________?
No, I can’t ride a motorcycle. No, _____________________________
Practice speaking. Take turns with your teacher to find out what you both can and can’t do.
Teacher: Can you run a kilometer?
Student: Yes, I can run a kilometer. Can you ice skate?
Run a kilometer Ice skate Eat with chopsticks Play soccer
Speak multiple languages Do a backflip Sing Surf
Ride a bicycle Bake a cake Play an instrument Say a tongue twister in

English
Wiggle your ears Say a joke in English Swim Stand on your head
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Wrap-up slide
Wrap-up
Answer one of the following questions:
• How will you use what you learned today?
• What do you need to improve on?
• What did you do well on today?
Back to Index
3.01. Past Simple Tense Review:
3.01 - Past Simple Tense Review:

• describe what you did last weekend by using regular
past tense verbs.
• create questions to ask about last weekend.
Back to Index
3.01 - Warm-up
After answering, ask your teacher the questions.
Did you enjoy your weekend? Why or why not?
Word Bank:
worked played games watched movies
cleaned exercised celebrated an event
relaxed played with pets
To talk about completed actions in the past, English uses the past tense.
For regular verbs, use the form:

verb + - ed
verb + - ed = past tense

relax - ed relaxed
exercise - ed exercised
clean - ed cleaned
To create a sentence in the past tense, use the form:
Subject + verb(ed)
Example:
She relaxed.
I exercised.
They cleaned.
To ask questions about the past, English uses the form:
Wh? + did + subject + verb?
Example:
If your teacher cleaned last weekend you could ask:

What did you clean?
If you watched movies last weekend, you may be asked:

What did you watch?
Wh?:
who what
where when
why how
3.01 - Let’s Practice Wh?:
who what
where when
Practice asking and answering questions in the past simple tense. why how
Subjects:
Where did you exercise? he she
I exercised at the gym. they you
we Victor
Verbs:
work play
watch clean
exercise relax
celebrate cook
Answer the questions about last weekend.
What did you do?
Where did you go?
What did you learn?
Who did you talk to?

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Wrap-up slide
3.02. Past Continuous Tense:
What were you doing yesterday?
3.02 - Past Continuous Tense:

• talk about the day before.
• ask about yesterday using the past continuous
tense.
Back to Index
3.02 - Warm-up
Yesterday, I was _____________________.
Word Bank:
working sleeping exercising
talking walking driving
relaxing cleaning watching TV
To talk about actions that happened sometime in the past, English uses the past
continuous tense:
was / were + present participle
Example:
I was working yesterday.
They were driving last night.
Remember!
The present participle
is formed:
verb + ing
Use the past continuous tense to talk about what you did yesterday.
(was / were + present participle)
First,
Then,
Finally,
To ask questions about actions that happened sometime in the past, English uses the
form:
Wh? + was / were + subject + present participle + rest?
Example:
Who were they talking to yesterday?
What was she eating for lunch?
How was Mary feeling last night?
Remember!
is formed:
verb + ing
Change the statements into questions using the past continuous tense.
Where was Sophia exercising last night?

She was exercising at the gym last night.
______________________________________
He was eating a sandwich for lunch.
______________________________________
They were talking to their landlord yesterday.
______________________________________
Jackson was feeling better last night.
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Wrap-up slide
3.03. Modals (should /
shouldn’t): What do you
recommend?
3.03 - Modals (should /
shouldn’t):
What do you recommend?
• talk about how to be healthy using "should + verb".
• discuss what is not healthy using "shouldn't + verb".
• share your opinions about health.
Back to Index
3.03 - Warm-up
Match the words to the pictures.
diet sweets vitamins cardio soda strength-training

To make recommendations or to give advice, English commonly uses the form:
should + verb
Example:
You should drink plenty of water to be healthy.
You should take vitamins to be healthy.
To talk about something you think is a bad idea, English commonly uses the form:
shouldn't + verb
Example:
You shouldn't eat sweets.
You shouldn't drink soda.
Give advice on how to lead a healthy lifestyle.
What should a person do to be healthy?
You should ________________________.
What shouldn’t a person do to be healthy?
You shouldn’t ______________________.
Word Bank:
diet sweets vitamins
cardio soda strength-training
State your opinion on the following statements. Which is better?
You should do more cardio. OR You should do more strength-training.
You should diet. OR You should make eating healthy a lifestyle

change.
You shouldn't drink any soda. OR You shouldn't drink too much soda.
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Wrap-up slide
3.04. Weekend Plans Part 1:
Going To
3.04 - Weekend Plans Part 1:

Going To
• talk about what you like to do on the weekends.
• discuss your weekend plans.
• learn how to decline weekend plans.
Back to Index
3.04 - Warm-up
On scale of 1-5 (1 = it is okay. 5 = I love it.),
rate your favorite things to do on the weekend.
____ Watch movies.

____ Listen to music.
____ Eat at a nice restaurant.
____ Relax at home.
____ Sleep.
____ Go dancing.
____ Spend time with family.
____ Clean the house.
To talk about future plans, one of the forms English uses is the simple future with going to:
Subject + to be + going to + verb + rest
Example:
I am going to relax this weekend.
We are going to skate this weekend.
Megan is going to eat at a restaurant this weekend.
What are you going to eat this weekend?

To decline future plans or to say you are unable to do something you originally planned,
use the form:
Subject + to be + not + going to + verb + rest
Example:
I am not going to relax this weekend.
We are not going to skate this weekend.
Megan is not going to eat at a restaurant this weekend.
Use the above form to decline plans for this weekend.
Are you going to the movies this weekend?
_________________________________________.
Are you going to go dancing this weekend?
________________________________________.
Answer the questions using the simple future (going to).
Who are you going to see this weekend?
What are you not going to do this weekend?
What are you going to buy this weekend?

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Wrap-up slide
3.05. Weekend Plans Part 2:
Going To with Questions
3.05 - Weekend Plans Part 2:

Going To with Questions
• ask about weekend plans.
• clarify weekend plans.
Back to Index
3.05 - Warm-up
What activities are you going to do this weekend?
Who are you going to spend your weekend with?
Where are you going to do these activities?

To ask about future plans, one of the forms English uses is the simple future with going to:
Wh? + to be + subject + going to + verb + rest?
Example:
Where are you going to eat this weekend?
How is she going to get there this weekend?

To identify or clarify future plans, English can use the question form:
To be + subject + going to + verb + rest?
Example:
Are you going to watch movies this weekend?
Yes, I am going to watch movies this weekend.
No, I am not going to watch movies this weekend.
Is he going to swim at the beach this weekend?

Yes, he is going to swim at the beach this weekend.
No, he is not going to swim at the beach this weekend.
Ask your teacher about their weekend plans.
Word Bank:
work play games watch movies
clean exercise celebrate an event
relax play with pets spend time with family
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Wrap up slide
3.06. What Are Your Hobbies?
3.06 - What Are Your Hobbies?

• use gerunds to talk about hobbies.
• learn the difference between a gerund and the
present continuous tense.
Back to Index
3.06 - Warm-up
sewing hiking cooking shopping gardening dancing drawing swimming

Sometimes, a noun is created in English by using the form verb + -ing. This is called a
gerund.
You can talk about your hobbies using gerunds.
Example:
Sewing is fun.
Cooking is relaxing.
Shopping is exciting!
What are your hobbies?

What is the difference between these two sentences?
Swimming is fun! I am swimming.
Be careful not to confuse a gerund with the continuous tenses.
Remember, the continuous tenses use the form:

to be + present participle
Example:
I am cooking.
I was gardening.
Review:
How are gerunds and present participles different? Remember!
is formed:
verb + ing
Gerund or present participle?
Reading a good novel always gives me pleasure.
After resting for an hour, he was feeling better.
I love cooking with the vegetables I grow in my garden.
Jackson is sewing the button on his shirt.

Talk about hobbies using gerunds or a continuous tense.
Hiking is great exercise.

Aiden was hiking in the mountains.
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Wrap-up slide
3.07. Modals (may / might):
What are your summer plans?
3.07 - Modals (may / might):

What are your summer plans?
• discuss potential summer plans using “may” and
“might”.
• use adverbs: “probably”, “possibly” and “perhaps”
to talk about future events.
Back to Index
3.07 - Warm-up
swimming sunbathing vacation camping fishing sports

To talk about a possibility, English uses the verb modals may and might.
They can normally be interchanged without a significant change in meaning. However,

might often implies a smaller chance of something happening.
Use may and might when there is a chance that something is true or there is a possibility
or potential of something happening.
Example:
I might go to the beach this summer.
I may go on a vacation this summer.
Use the modals may and might to tell your teacher about your potential plans this
summer. Use the structure: may/might + verb
I might ________________________ this summer.
I may _________________________ this summer.

To show how certain we are about something, English uses the adverbs probably,
possibly, and perhaps.
Adverb When to use Example

probably Something is likely to I am probably going to swim this summer.
happen or to be true.
possibly Something might happen, I will go to my grandmother’s house possibly.
but you are not certain.
perhaps Something might happen, Perhaps I will take a road trip alone next year.
but you are less certain.
Adverbs can be placed anywhere in a sentence.

• At the front of a sentence before the subject.
• At the center of a sentence, between the subject and the verb, or after the first auxiliary verb.
• At the end of the sentence.
What is something you are probably going to do this summer?
What is something you are probably going to do next month?
What is something you are perhaps or possibly going to do next year?
What is something you are perhaps or possibly going to do this weekend?

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3.08. Phrasal Verbs: Introduction
3.08 - Phrasal Verbs:

Introduction
• talk about meeting up with friends.
• learn phrasal verbs to describe seeing friends.
3.08 - Warm-up
What do you like to do with your friends?
How often do you get to spend time with your friends?

An inseparable phrasal verb is a verb phrase with two or more words. Often they are
verb + preposition or verb + adverb. Together, they take on a different meaning from the
original verb.
Normal Meaning Inseparable Meaning Example

Verb Phrasal Verb
To meet To be To meet up To come together with My friends and I are meeting up
introduced to someone either unexpectedly at the coffee shop.
or as planned.
To run To move To run into To meet someone by accident. When I was at the coffee shop, I
quickly ran into my coworker.
To stop To cease, to To stop by To visit somewhere briefly or We stopped by the gas station
terminate quickly. before driving to the mountains.
Note: As the name implies, inseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated.
Example:
I ran into my grandmother yesterday. (correct)
I ran my grandmother into yesterday. (incorrect)
Do you remember the different tenses? Fill in the chart.
Inseparable Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous

Phrasal Verb
To meet up You… He… She was meeting up
To run into* N/A I N/A

*Usually only used
in past tense
To stop by They We stopped by I
Where was the last place you met up with a friend?
Who was the last friend you ran into?
When was the last time you stopped by to see a friend?

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3.09. Possessives: Is that yours
or mine?
3.09 - Possessives:
Is that yours or mine?
• use possessive pronouns to identify clothing.
• ask questions to identify clothing ownership.
Back to Index
3.09 - Warm-up
jacket jeans t-shirt sneakers socks skirt suit tie

Remember, we use demonstrative adjectives to talk about specific people or things. It is
based on distance. The distance is subjective.
Near Far
Singular this that
Plural these those
this + object that + object

Distance
these + objects those + objects
you
We can show possession using apostrophe (‘) s with someone’s name.
Example:
Is that Ava’s skirt? Yes, this is Ava’s skirt.
To show possession, English also uses possessive pronouns. English Personal Possessive
uses possessive pronouns in place of a noun. Pronoun Pronoun
I mine
Example: you yours
Are those your sneakers? Yes, they are mine. he his

she hers
Notice how the possessive pronoun mine took the place of
it its
sneakers.
we ours
they theirs
To ask questions using possessive pronouns, use the form:
To be + demonstrative adjective + possessive pronoun?
Are these yours? No, these are mine.

Create questions or answers using possessive pronouns or the possessive s.
Are those Liam’s socks?

Yes, those are Liam’s socks. OR Yes, those are his.
_____________________________________________?
Yes, that is my jacket.
Are these Mia’s jeans?

Yes, _____________________________________________.
_____________________________________________?
Yes, these are their t-shirts.
Are those our socks?

Yes, _____________________________________________.
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3.10. Level 3 Review
3.10 - Level 3 Review

• review the modals "might" and "may".
• ask questions about future plans.
• use phrasal verbs to talk about future plans with
friends.
Back to Index
3.10 - Warm-up
Are you spontaneous or a planner? Explain.

3.10 - Let’s Review and Practice
Remember, English uses might + verb and may + verb when there is a chance that
something is true or that there is a possibility or potential of something happening.
What is something you might do tomorrow?
What is something you may do next year?

Remember, to talk about the future, English uses the form:
subject + to be + going to + verb
To ask questions about future events, English uses the form:
Wh? + to be + subject + going to + verb + rest of sentence?
Create the questions or answers using the simple future (going to).
__________________________________________?
I am going to eat spaghetti for dinner.
Where is she going to travel this summer?

___________________________________________.
___________________________________________?
He is going to visit his father this weekend.
Do you remember inseparable phrasal verbs?
To meet up = to come together with someone, either unexpectedly or as planned.
To run into = to meet by accident.
To stop by = to visit somewhere briefly or quickly.
Answer the questions using the phrasal verbs in the simple future (going to) tense.
Who is Shawn going to meet up with this weekend?
When is Sara going to stop by my house?
Who was the last person you ran into?

Remember, to show possession, English uses possessive pronouns. Personal Possessive
English uses possessive pronouns in place of a noun. Pronoun Pronoun
I mine
Example:
you yours
Are those your sneakers? Yes, they are mine.
he his
Notice how the possessive pronoun mine took the place of sneakers.
she hers
it its
Create questions or answers using possessive pronouns we ours
__________________________________________? they theirs
Yes, that is his suit.
Is that her skirt?

___________________________________________.
___________________________________________?
Yes, these are my shoes.
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Wrap-up
Back to Index
4.01. I Used To…
4.01 - I Used To…

• discuss childhood activities and sports by using used to.
• compare past activities and present activities by using
the past tense and the present tense.
Back to Index
4.01 - Warm-up
Match the words to the pictures.
climb paint swing draw jump play soccer

To talk about things in the past that are no longer true in the present, English uses the
phrase used to.
To create a sentence, use the form:
Subject + used to + verb
Example:
Karen used to climb trees.

The boys used to play soccer.
I used to paint pictures.
We can compare past events and present events. We use used to and then the present
simple tense.
Example:
I used to climb trees. Now, I walk in the park.
They used to paint pictures. Now, they take photographs.
John used to play soccer. Now, he watches soccer on TV.

Brainstorm activities you did when you were a child. Brainstorm activities you do now.
In the past In the present

Play sports Watch movies
Make sentences with used to and now.
When I was a child, I used to play sports. Now, I watch movies.

Answer the following questions with used to.
What did you eat when you were a child? What do you like to eat now?
What games did you play when you were a child? What games do you play now?
What sports did you play when you were a child? What sports do you play now?
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4.02. Plan Your Free Time: Using
the infinitive to express purpose
4.02 - Plan Your Free Time: Using

the infinitive to express purpose
• explain the reason for a past action by using
infinitives.
• ask about past activities by using why.
Back to Index
4.02 - Warm-up
Why do you go to the mall?

I go to the mall to ________________.
Why do you go to the post office?

I go to the post office to _______________.
An infinitive is an unconjugated verb. In English, the structure is to + verb.
We use infinitives to express purpose and explain why an action occurred.
Example:
I went to the gym to exercise.
Sarah went to the library to read.
The children go to school to learn.

Fill in the blanks with the correct infinitive.
The men went to the office _________________.
I go to the park every day _________________.
My family goes to the pool _________________.
Angela and Stephanie go to the gym _________________.
Word Bank:
to work to play games to watch movies
to clean to exercise to celebrate an event
to relax to swim to walk the dog
To ask for a reason or explanation for an event in the past, English uses the form:
Why + did + subject + verb + rest?
Example:
Why did you talk to the manager?

I talked to the manager to find out when the store closed.
Why did they eat cake?

They ate cake to celebrate Noah’s birthday.
Why did Isabella call the restaurant?

Isabella called the restaurant to place an order for delivery.
Can you find the infinitives in the answers?

Practice asking and answering questions.
Why did he go to the park?

_______________________________________________.
_______________________________________________?
They visited the museum to learn about art history.
_______________________________________________?
I talked to the information desk to ask for directions.
Why did Ethan clean the house?

_______________________________________________.
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Will

1: Will
• describe your plans for the future.
• talk about what you will do next week using the
simple future tense (will).
Back to Index
4.03 - Warm-up
What will you do this weekend?

This weekend, I will _________________.
What will you eat for dinner tonight?

Tonight, I will eat ___________________.
To talk about future plans or events, one of the forms English uses is the simple future
with will:
Subject + will + verb + rest
Example:
I will go to the gym tonight.
They will travel to the United States next month.
In spoken English, native speakers tend to use the contracted form of the simple future
tense:
Subject + verb Contraction
I will I’ll
you will you’ll
he / she / it will he’ll / she’ll / it’ll
we will we’ll
they will they’ll
What will you do tonight?
What will you do this weekend?
What will you do next week?
What will you do next month?

What are your plans this week? Practice using contractions.
On Monday, I'll go to work and then I'll go to the gym.
On Tuesday, I'll ____________________________________.

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Negatives and Contractions

2: Negatives and Contractions
• talk about things that will not happen in the future.
• describe what you will not do tonight by using
negative sentences.
Back to Index
4.04 - Warm-up
What will you do tonight?
What will you not do this weekend?

I will not ________________________.
To talk about future plans, English can use the form will + verb.
To talk about future plans that will NOT happen in the future, English uses the form:
will + not + verb
Example:
He will not go to work today.
They will not buy a computer.
We will not go to the party this weekend.

Answer the following questions using negative sentences.
Will John be famous?
Will Jenny make dinner tonight?
Will it snow tomorrow?
Will you have a party this Friday?

In spoken English, native speakers tend to use the contracted form of the simple future
tense:
Positive Contraction Negative Contraction

I will I’ll I will not I won’t
you will you’ll you will not you won’t
he / she / it will he’ll / she’ll / it’ll he / she / it will not he / she / it won’t
we will we’ll we will not we won’t
they will they’ll they will not they won’t
Write a positive and negative statement for each picture.
She'll go to a party tonight.

She won't go to the movies tonight.
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4.05. If Clauses: Zero Conditional
4.05 - If Clauses: Zero Conditional

• talk about things that are generally true.
• discuss weather conditions using the zero conditional
tense.
Back to Index
4.05 - Warm-up
Describe the weather.
noun sunshine noun

adjective sunny adjective
verb n/a verb
noun noun
adjective adjective
verb verb
To talk about general truths and real or possible situations, English uses the zero
conditional.
The zero conditional describes a situation that always has the same result. Zero
conditional sentences contain two clauses. Both parts are in the present tense and are
separated by a comma.
If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + present simple, present simple.
If it rains, you get wet.
If it snows, it is cold.
If you press the button, the doorbell rings.
If Ethan is on vacation, I take his phone calls.
If…
Match the sentences.
If it is cold, you cannot see the stars.
If it is sunny outside, leaves blow off the trees.
If it rains, you need a sweater.
If it is windy, you get wet.
If it is cloudy, you get a sunburn.
Make a sentence using the zero conditional.

Describe the weather and consequences using zero conditional sentences.
If it is sunny, the family plays outside.

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4.06. If Clauses: First Conditional
4.06 - If Clauses: First Conditional

• discuss possible events using the first conditional.
• describe possible weather conditions and possible
results.
Back to Index
4.06 - Warm-up
What will you do if it rains tomorrow?
If it rains tomorrow, I will…
What will you do if it is sunny this weekend?

If it is sunny this weekend, I will…
To talk about events that will probably happen in the future, English uses the first
conditional.
The first conditional describes a possible condition and its probable result. First
conditional sentences contain two clauses that are separated by a comma.
If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + present simple, simple future.
If it rains, I will stay home.
If it snows, we will build a snowman.
If the train is late, she will miss her meeting.
If the weather is bad, they won’t go to the beach.
If…
Choose the correct answer.
If it ____________ hot, they ____________ to the beach.

A) is; are going
B) will be; will go
C) is; will go
If it ___________, I ____________ an umbrella.

A) rains; will take
B) is raining; will take
C) rains; took
If it ____________ sunny, Alexander ____________ tennis.

A) is; will be playing
B) isn’t; will play
C) is; will play
Answer the questions using the first conditional tense.
What will you do if it rains this weekend?
What will you do if it is hot tomorrow?
What will you do if it snows tonight?

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4.07. Modals (can / could):
Making requests and offers
4.07 - Modals (can / could):

Making requests and offers
• ask permission and make requests at work using can
and could.
• respond to questions affirmatively or negatively.
Back to Index
4.07 - Warm-up
Could you spell your name out loud for your
teacher, please?
Can you type the name of your hometown in

the chatbox, please?
To make a request, to offer to do something for others, or to ask for or give permission,
English uses the modal verbs can and could.
Could is considered more formal and more polite than can. To ask a question, English uses
the form:
Could / can + subject + verb + rest of the question, please?
Example:
Can you take a message, please?

Could you take a message, please?
Can you help me, please?

Could you help me, please?
Make a question with can or could.

To respond affirmatively to questions using can and could, English uses the form:
Yes + subject + can/could + rest of the sentence.
To respond negatively to questions using can and could, English uses the form:
No + subject + can't/couldn't + rest of the sentence.
Examples:
Can you take a message, please?
Yes, I can take a message.
No, I can't take a message.
Could you help me, please?

Yes, I can help you.
No, I can't help you.
Brainstorm questions you might ask at work. Make a list of questions you ask your boss
and coworkers. When will you use can? When will you use could? Discuss possible
answers to the questions.
Boss Coworkers
Could I take a vacation day tomorrow, Can I borrow your pen, please?
please?
Role Play!
Role 1 : You are a teenager. You want to go to a concert tomorrow night. Practice asking
your parent questions. You need to ask permission to go to the concert, ask your parent
for money, and ask to borrow the car.
Role 2: You are the parent. Answer your teenager’s questions in the affirmative or
negative.
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4.08. Using Was/Were with
Adjectives
4.08 - Using Was/Were with

Adjectives
• describe past opinions using was / were.
• talk about childhood activities using the past tense.
Back to Index
4.08 - Warm-up
Match the words to the pictures. Can you think of any other adjectives?
scary noisy creative fun funny adventurous

To describe past events, topics or people using adjectives, English uses the form:
Subject + was/were + adjective
Example:
The movie was scary.
The joke was funny so I laughed.
The children were creative.
Remember!
The past simple tense of to be:
I was we were
you were they were
he/ she / it was
When I ___________ a child, I liked to draw and paint pictures. I was ___________ . I
also liked to play soccer with my friends. It was ___________ to play soccer. We liked to
explore the neighborhood. We were ___________ . Sometimes, we watched movies. We
liked to watch comedies. They ___________ funny.
Word Bank:
were fun adventurous
was creative
What was the last movie that you saw? Describe it.
What games did you play when you were a child? Describe them.
Describe your last vacation.

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4.09. Present Perfect Tense Part
1: Experiences
4.09 - Present Perfect Tense Part

1:
Experiences
• describe experiences using the present perfect
tense.
• talk about personal accomplishments using the
present perfect tense.
Back to Index
4.09 - Warm-up
How many languages have you learned?
I have learned _________________________.
How many times have you seen your favorite movie?

I have seen ___________________________________________.
To describe general experiences that happened at an unspecified time in the past, English
uses the present perfect tense.
Subject + has / have + past participle + rest of the sentence.
Example:
I have watched that movie ten times.

We have traveled to France many times.
She has learned five languages.
In spoken English, native speakers tend to use the contracted form of the present perfect
tense:
Subject + verb Contraction
Remember!
I have I’ve Perfect tenses always
you have you’ve use the auxiliary verb:
to have
he / she / it has he’s / she’s / it’s
Remember!
we have we’ve Regular past participles
they have they’ve are formed:
verb + ed
To form the past participle, English usually adds –ed to the end of regular verbs. However,
there are many irregular past participle verbs.
Verb Past Simple Tense Past Participle

To be was / were been
To see saw seen
To eat ate eaten
To go went gone
To buy bought bought
Example:
I have been to France.

He has seen that movie many times.
She has eaten too much chocolate today.
Complete these sentences using the present perfect tense.
I _________________ at that restaurant many times before.
They _________________ to Japan.
We _________________ cheap tickets to Europe on a number of occasions.
She _________________ eight languages.
He _________________ that movie many times.
I _________________ to the circus a few times.
Word Bank:
eat learn go
buy be see
Talk to your teacher about experiences you have had.
I have been…
I have learned…
I have eaten…
I have seen…
I have gone…
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4.10. Present Perfect Tense Part
2: Questions
4.10 - Present Perfect Tense Part

2: Questions
• ask about past experiences using the present perfect
tense.
• describe what you have not done in the past using
negative sentences.
Back to Index
4.10 - Warm-up
Have you been to the United States?

Yes, I have been _________________.
No, I have not been ______________.
Have you traveled by train?

Yes, I have traveled __________________.
No, I have not traveled _______________.
To ask questions about experiences that happened at an unspecified time in the past,
English can use the present perfect tense. When asking a question in the present perfect
tense, English often uses the adverb ever. Ever means “at any time”.
Have / has + subject + ever + past participle + rest of the question?
Example:
Have you ever climbed a mountain?

Has she ever been to Japan?
Have they ever lived in the United States?
Make a question using the present perfect tense.

Remember!
Perfect tenses always
use the auxiliary verb:
to have
Remember!
Regular past participles
are formed:
verb + ed
To form a negative statement in the present perfect tense, English uses the form:
Subject + has / have + not + past participle + rest of the sentence.
Example:
Have you ever climbed a mountain?

No, I have not climbed a mountain.
Has she ever been to Japan?

No, she hasn’t been to Japan.
In spoken English, native speakers tend to use the negative contracted form of the present
perfect tense:
Subject + verb + not Contraction
I have not I haven’t
you have not you haven’t
he / she / it has not he / she / it hasn’t
we have not we haven’t
they have not they haven’t
Match the questions to the correct answers.
Has he ever watched soccer? Yes, he has spoken in front of many crowds.
Has he ever been on TV? No, he hasn’t booked his ticket.
Has he ever given a public speech? No, he hasn’t been in front of a camera.
Has he picked his flight? Yes, he’s enjoyed many sports.

Practice making questions and answers using the present perfect tense.
Have you ever gone swimming?

______________________________________________________.
Have you ever built a snowman?

______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________?
No, I haven't studied Japanese.
______________________________________________________?
Yes, I have ridden an elephant.
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Wrap-up
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2.01 - Giving Directions Around

Where + is + the + place?

We use the form:

Place + is + preposition + place

Here are some common prepositions of location:

Ex. The drugstore is next to the post office.

Ex. The coffee shop is across from the hospital.

Place + is + between + place + and + place

The coffee shop is…

The restaurant is…

2.02 - Giving Directions Around

Drive past the park.

Turn left ______ Central Street.

Go straight ______ the light.

Turn right _______ the park.

Go ______ the drugstore.

2.03 - Past Simple Tense Part 1:

walk talk shop watch cook clean

For regular verbs, use the form:

verb + - ed = past simple tense

The family cooked dinner.

Wh- + did + subject + verb?

Where did you shop?

When did he work?

What did she cook?

What did Angela cook for dinner?

2.04 - Past Simple Tense Part 2:

Remember, regular verbs use the form:

Many common verbs are irregular in the past simple tense.

Subject + verb + complement. Word Bank:

Subject + verb + complement

What did you eat yesterday?

What did you do last weekend?

What did you drink today?

Where did you drive last Monday?

2.05 - Past Simple Tense Part 3:

hungry thirsty tired relaxed happy nervous

Do you remember the present tense of “to be”?

Pronoun Present Past

1. Jim _________ tired yesterday.

2. They _________ happy when they went on vacation.

3. I didn’t eat breakfast, so I _________ hungry.

4. She _________ nervous before the exam.

5. We drank soda because we _________ thirsty.

was / were + adjective Word Bank:

Complete the sentences using the correct word:

After Sarah went shopping, she _________ tired.

After practicing silent yoga for an hour, I was ____________.

Tom was _____________ about the exam.

After they visited their grandparents, they ___________ happy.

2.06 - Past Simple Tense

Read these words for your teacher:

• Sound: /t/ Example: helped = helpt

How do we know which pronunciation to use?

What are the final consonants in the following words?

/t/ /d/ /id/

2.07 - Prepositions of Time

What time did you start work this morning?

I started work at ___________________.

What day did you go to the supermarket last week?