2.

094 — Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids Fall ‘08

Lecture 13 - Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

Prof. K.J. Bathe MIT OpenCourseWare

Example truss element. Recall:

Principle of virtual displacements applied at some time t + Δt:

�
t+Δt
τij δ t+Δteij d t+ΔtV = t+Δt
R (13.1)
t+ΔtV
�
t+Δt t+Δt 0 t+Δt
0 Sij δ 0�ij δ V = R (13.2)
0V

t+Δt
0 Sij = 0tSij + 0 Sij (13.3)
t+Δt t
0�ij = 0�ij + 0�ij (13.4)
0�ij = 0eij + 0 ηij (13.5)

where 0tSij and 0t�ij are known, but 0 Sij and 0�ij are not.

1� t t
�
0eij = 0ui,j + 0uj,i + 0uk,i 0uk,j + 0uk,j 0uk,i (13.6)
2
1� �
0 ηij = 0uk,i 0uk,j (13.7)
2

Substitute into (13.2) and linearize to obtain

� � �
δ 0eij 0 Cijrs 0ers d 0V + t 0
0 Sij δ 0 ηij d V =
t+Δt
R− δ 0eij 0tSij d 0V (13.8)
0V 0V 0V

F.E. discretization gives

�t t t+Δt
R − 0tF
�
0 KL + 0 KN L ΔU = (13.9)

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MIT 2.094 13. Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

�
t t T t 0
0 KL = 0 BL 0 C 0 BL d V (13.10)
0V
�
t t T t t 0
0 KN L = 0 BN L 0 S 0 BN L d V (13.11)
0V ����
matrix
�
t t T t 0
0F = 0 BL 0 Ŝ d V (13.12)
0V ����
vector

The iteration (full Newton-Raphson) is

� �
t+Δt (i−1) t+Δt (i−1) t+Δt (i−1)
0 KL + 0 KN L ΔU (i) = t+Δt
R− 0F (13.13)

t+Δt
U (i) = t+Δt
U (i−1) + ΔU (i) (13.14)

Truss element example (p. 545)

Here we have to only deal with 0tS11 , 0e11 , 0 η11

∂u1 ∂ tu ∂uk
0e11 = 0 + 0 k · 0 (13.15)
∂ x1 ∂ x1 ∂ x1
� �
1 ∂uk ∂uk
0 η11 = · (13.16)
2 ∂ 0x1 ∂ 0x1

We are after
u11
⎛
⎞
⎜ u12 ⎟ t
0e11 = 0tBL ⎜
⎝ u21 ⎠ = 0 BL û
⎟ (13.17)
u22

2
�
ui = hk uki (13.18)
k=1

�
t
ui = hk tuki (13.19)
k=1

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MIT 2.094 13. Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

∂u1 ∂ tu1 ∂u1 ∂ tu2 ∂u2

0e11 = + + (13.20a)
∂ 0x ∂ 0x1 ∂ 0x1 ∂ 0x1 ∂ 0x1
t 2
�0 1 � 0
u1 = L + ΔL cos θ − L (13.20b)
t 2
u2 = 0L + ΔL sin θ
� �
(13.20c)

1 � �
0e11 =0 −1 0 1 0 û
L
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜0 ⎟
⎜ L + ΔL ⎟ 1 � �
− ⎟ 0L −1
+⎜ cos θ 1 ⎟· 0 1 0 û
⎜ 0L
⎜� �� �⎟
⎝ ⎠
∂ tu1
∂ 0x1
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜0 ⎟
⎜ L + ΔL ⎟ 1 � �
+⎜
⎜
0L
sin θ⎟⎟ · 0L 0 −1 0 1 û (13.20d)
⎜� �� � ⎟
⎝ ⎠
∂ tu2
∂ 0x1

=0tBL û (13.20e)

Hence,
0
L + ΔL � �
0e11 = 2
− cos θ − sin θ cos θ sin θ û (13.20f)
( 0L)

where the boxed quantity above equals 0tBL . In small strain but large rotation analysis we assume
ΔL � 0L,
1 � �
0e11 = 0L
− cos θ − sin θ cos θ sin θ û (13.20g)

� �
1 ∂u1 ∂u1 ∂u2 ∂u2
0 η11 = 0 0 + 0 (13.21a)
2 ∂ x1 ∂ x1 ∂ x1 ∂ 0x1

� �
1 ∂δu1 ∂u1 ∂u1 ∂δu1 ∂δu2 ∂u2 ∂u2 ∂δu2
δ 0 η11 = + 0 + 0 + 0 (13.21b)
2 ∂ 0x1 ∂ 0x1 ∂ x1 ∂ 0x1 ∂ x1 ∂ 0x1 ∂ x1 ∂ 0x1
� �
∂δu1 ∂u1 ∂δu2 ∂u2
= + 0 (13.21c)
∂ 0x1 ∂ 0x1 ∂ x1 ∂ 0x1

� � tS �� ∂u1
�
t
�
∂δu1 ∂δu2 0 11 0 ∂ 0x1
0 S11 δ 0 η11 = ∂ 0x1 ∂ 0x1 0 t ∂u2 (13.21d)
0 S11 ∂ 0x1
� �� �
t
0S

� ∂u1
� � �
∂ 0x1 1 −1 0 1 0
∂u2 = û (13.21e)
∂ 0x1
0L 0 −1 0 1
� �� �
BN L

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MIT 2.094 13. Total Lagrangian formulation, cont’d

0C =E (13.22)
t
0 Ŝ = 0tS11 (13.23)

Assume small strains

t EA
0K =0L

cos2 θ − cos2 θ
⎡ ⎤
cos θ sin θ − cos θ sin θ
⎢ sin2 θ − sin θ cos θ − sin2 θ ⎥
=⎢ ⎥
⎣ cos2 θ sin θ cos θ ⎦
sym sin2 θ
� �� �
t
0 KL (13.24)

⎡ ⎤
1 0 −1 0
t
P ⎢ 0 1 0 −1 ⎥
+0 ⎣ ⎢ ⎥
L −1 0 1 0 ⎦
0 −1 0 1
� �� �
t
0 KN L

When θ = 0, 0tKL doesn’t give stiffness corresponding to u22 , but 0tKN L does.

56
MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu

2.094 Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids II

Spring 2011

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