Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Rusty G. Abanto
What are contained in Chapter
1?
• Introduction
• Statement of the
Problem
• Assumptions and
Hypothesis
• Significance or
Importance of the Study
• Scope & Limitations
• Definition of Terms
THE INTRODUCTION
• Presentation of the Problem
• The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem that
needs a solution
• Rationale of the study
• Historical background of the problem
• A desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a
situation, circumstance or phenomenon
• A desire to find a better way of doing something or of improving
a product
• A desire to discover something
• Geographical conditions of the study locale
• A link between the introduction and the statement of the
problem
Example
• With the implementation of the
Republic Act 8292, a glaring problem in
the operation of state colleges and
universities surfaced….
• The operation of Graduate School in
the country has been observed to be
not following the principle of vertical
articulation. Such conditions…
Statement of the
Problem
• There should be a general statement of the whole
problem followed by the specific questions of sub-
problems into which the general problem is broken
up.
Example:
Generally, this undertaking is designed to determine
the level of awareness of the CAS faculty on RA
9184, SY 2013-2014.
Specifically, this will provide answers to the following
questions:
Assumptions and
Hypotheses
• As a general rule, historical and
descriptive research do not need
explicit hypotheses and assumptions.
• Only experimental studies need
expressly written assumptions and
hypotheses
Characteristics of a good
hypothesis
• It is researchable
• Should state in definite terms the
relationships among variables
• It should be testable
• It should follow findings of previous
studies
Types of Hypothesis
• Null hypothesis – means no existence
of an effect, always on the negative
Ex. There is no significant difference
between the pre-test and post-test for
LEA
• Alternative hypothesis – relationship
exists or the operational form, always in
the affirmative
Describing the
Importance of the Study
• This is a set of statements about the
possible contributions of the study
• You must be able to indicate the
generalizability of the research findings,
point to the way in which the research would
contribute to theory or knowledge of a
general or specific phenomenon
• You must be able to describe the value
Delimiting the Study
• Very often, research students fail to identify
the boundaries of their research
• It is important that you describe the limitations
of your study
• In other words, this section discusses the
weaknesses of the study in terms of
methodology and generalizability of the
results to be obtained from the study
Example
• This study focused only
on the a limited number
of respondents due
to…
• The method employed
the crude method of
dtermining the sample
because of the absence
of…
Defining Terminologies
• Before launching an
investigation and when
writing up a research
proposal or report, you
must define rigorously
the meaning of the
terms used in the
statement of the
problem and in the
hypothesis
• The objective is
to write a clear,
precise definition
that will call up
the same core of
meaning to all
competent
researchers in the
field.
Kinds
• Conceptual definition
– also known as
constitutive, is that
which is given in
dictionaries, the
academic or universal
meaning attributed to
a word or group of
words
Operational Definition
• Also known as functional
definition, definition of terms is
based on how you use the
terms in the research
undertaking
Questions to ask yourself
when writing Chapter 1
Background of the Study
✓Are you able to argue that the topic has a
certain level of significance that warrants
the study?
✓Are you able to describe the basic
assumptions/premises that will lead you
pursue the study?
✓Are you able to convey how you are going
to pursue the study?
Statement of the Problem