2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics (ICEOE 2011)

Velocity Measurement of Warhead Fragments of Parallel Net Target

Yin Guoxin, Zhao Hui, Feng Qiaoling, Wang Xiaoyan, Wang Gao
Key Laboratory ofInstrumentation Science &Dynamic Measurement (North University of China), Ministry of
Education, Taiyuan 030051, China
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement (North University of China),
Taiyuan 030051, China

Abstract-Current measurement method of warhead fragments
velocity has some problems. Therefore, a new measurement
method based on parallel net target is proposed. This test
system consists of resistance, metal wire, circuit boards, frame
and data acquisition display device component. The design of
resistance nets is the core of this device. Each unit is connected
by a resistor in series with a metal wire, number of these units
parallel form resistance network. When the fragments fly
through the parallel net target, the oscilloscope records the
time and the voltage difference at which every fragment flies
through the screen. According to the acquired waveform and
the parallel net target parameters, the velocity vector and size
of every fragment are calculated, and then the velocity vector
of the fragments can be calculated accurately, which is helpful
for calculating the accurate initial velocity and the attenuation
coefficient of warhead fragments. This method is verified to
satisfy the request of bullet velocity measurement.
Keywords-paraUel net target, warhead, fragment, velocity
measurement
pressure and high impact. The process of interpretation is
inevitable to introduce human error, coupled with the
expensive and large equipment and the difficult test site
layout. Using the laser target, we can get the moment, at
which the fragment tries through the laser light curtains.
Although the precision is high, the protection cost is
higher[6-7].
This paper puts forward a parallel networking target,
which not only has the simple structure, low cost and comb
target multiple tests function, but has the function of a
measurement of multiple fragment speeds. It is very
convenient.
II. RESISTANCE NETS TARGET WORKING PRICIPLE
Parallel networking target structure is shown in figure 1.
It is composed of a set of resistance for R1 in parallel,
making its end for the networking target surface. Leading
to the ends, and making the power supply (12V) and R2 in

1. INTRODUCTION series, the voltage signal of the R2 both ends can be

measured with an oscilloscope. When the cable of the target
In evaluating the operational performance of missiles and
conventional warheads, we need to measure the warhead surface was interrupted, the R2 voltage will change
fragments velocity and the velocity distribution after the correspondingly. The situation of target surface string
warheads static detonation, and we can calculate the interrupted is real-time measured according to the changes of
fragments initial velocity and the fragments speed
the R2 voltage.
attenuation coefficients. In present, there are many
researches for the velocity measurement of bullets and shells
at home and abroad, but few have the measurement 1 �".

technology research of fragments velocity [1-2]. Compared I "W�

"'PP'
with the projectile, there are numbers of fragments after the
warheads static detonation, different size, bigger velocity
difference, difficult flight direction to control, and it is hard Et
."".
II,

-
R,
to measure to adopt the coil target or the light target [3-5]. At
the same time, static exploding experiment goes in the field, Figure 2 resistance nets target structure
because of the bad basic environment, explosion fire, dust, The voltage on R2 both ends measured by the
shock, vibration and interference, which makes the velocity
oscilloscope in the parallel networking target is:
measurement of fragments difficult.
Most of the domestic measurements of warhead =�= 12R2x __ 12 (1)
V 12 _ _
fragments velocity use comb target to test. Structure is Rl R2x + Rl R2
R2 + X +1
simple, but it only can measure the average speed of the X Rl
fragments, instead the situation of each fragment. The
Among them, R] is the resistance in parallel connection
method of laser high-speed photography or X-ray
photography can real-time record the local fragment images, circuit, R2 is the resistance of the oscilloscope gathering
and from the filming image, we can interpret the fragment voltage, and X is the resistance number of the circuit.
speed. As the number of image fragments, it is difficult to
recognize the same fragment from different images. And the R2
Make - = C , and:
images have poor quality in transient high temperature, high R]

978-1-61284-276-9/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE V4-26

 2011 International Coriference on Electronics and Optoelectronics (ICEOE 2011)

Columns 73 through 80
V=12- � (2) 1.5105 1.5288 1.5470 1.5652
cx+ 1
1.5833 1.6014 1.6194 1.6373
In the actual testing tasks, we need to determine the size
of the resistance and the unit total, according to the size of d=
the fragments. Columns 1 through 10
0.0235 0.0226 0.0218 0.0210
III. MATLAB SIMULATION
0.0202
From the formula (2), we learn that the testing voltage
0.0195 0.0188 0.0181 0.0175
value measured by oscilloscope is related to the ratio
0.0169
of R1 and R2• With the number of resistance changes, the
change of V is non-linear. For the measurement convenience, IV. STATIC EXPLODING EXPERIMENT DESIGN
we need a right value. When the resistance number reduces When you have two nets target, you can test the size and
in the parallel circuit, the voltage has a rule change, and the speed of the fragments according to two nets targets voltage
oscilloscope test and calculation are convenient. The change waveform. It can also measure the speed of the
following MATLAB simulation is performaed to draw more broken pieces of nets target[8-9]. Test system consists of two
ideal value. resistance nets targets and an oscilloscope (or an acquisition
x=0:99; card). Its structure is shown in figure 1 below:V=S/t
cl=1;c2=0. 1;c3=0.01;c4=0.002;c5=0.001;
parallel parallel
Vl=12-12'/(cl*x+l); networking networking
V2=12-12'/(c2*x+ 1); IargetJ target 1

V3=12-12./(c3*x+l);
V4=12-12./(c4*x+ 1);
V5=12-12./(c5*x+l); oscilloscope

plot(x, VI, x, V2, x, V3, x, V4, x, V5), Figure 1 parallel networking target test system
xlabel('resistance number'),ylabel(,voltage')
title(,resistance and voltage relationship chart') V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

legend(,Vl', 'V2', 'V3', 'V4', 'V5') A. Simulation experiment

(1) The fragments distribution and size measurement.

In the experiments Rl =1oom, R2 =2000, the supply

voltage is 12V, nets target spacing is 6mm. The collected
waveform is shown in figure 4 and figure 5. In figure 3, we
can judge a total of 76 roads in parallel connection circui,
according to the original voltage. When 71 0:::; x 0:::; 80, the
corresponding average voltage difference d = 0.0181 V.
------
--- From figure 4 we learn that the first step interrupts
18
Figure 3 resistance and voltage relationship chart x= -- 1 � nets target line. And from figure 5 we can
We can learn from the chart 3 that when the values is 18.1
smaller, the voltage change is close to linear. In this 56
experiment, we choose c4 = 0.002 as the circuit parameters. see that after 8ms, it were interrupted X = -- � 3 root
The following procedure is that when c = 0.002, the voltage
18.1
nets target line in all. This is conform to the actual results.
V of R2 is output with resistance number change in the RIGOL STOP [ � I 1: 0 1.25V

ij
circuits. Below we only took the voltage, which resistance
number is 73 0:::; x 0:::; 80 . D is the average pressure
difference of every 10 resistance in the circuit, when c =
0.002. It shows that voltage change with resistance number
has not obvious, we can read them according to paragraph
with an oscilloscope.
xl=0: 1O:90; x2=10: 10:100;
V=V4; V6=12-12'/(c4*xl+l); V7=12-12./(c4*x2+1);
Figure 4 first steps test data
d=(V7-V6)'/10
V=

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 2011 International Coriference on Electronics and Optoelectronics (lCEOE 2011)

RIGOL STOP _ 0
I 1 'l:. 1.25V
[2] DEGRIECK J, VERLEYSEN P, WAELE W D. Optical measurement
of target displacement and velocity in bird strike simulation
experiments[J]. Measurement Science and 7technology. 2003 ( 1 4):
1 -6.
[3] Yu Junzhi, Wang Gao, Zhao Donge. Light path analysis for
optimizing the structure based on laser guns target[J]. North China
journal of engineering testing technology, 200 1 ( 1 ): 1 -5.
[4] Hao Xiaojian, Zhou Hanchang, Su Shangen. Design and analysis for
optical system based on large area of laser target(J].Journal of Test
and Measurement Technology, 2006, 20( 1 ):87-9 1 .
Figure 5 second step test data
[5] Liu Fucai, Liu Yang, Wang Shiguo, Wang Zhenchun. Measurement
From the graph, we can also learn that the changes of the for projectile velocity based on the nets target and high speed data
first step voltage and the second step voltage are different. acquisition methods[J]. Ordnance Industry Automation, 2008,
According to the result of the MATLAB simulation, the 27(3) 72-74.

voltage difference �V of 71 � x � 80 can be got, the
relationship of the root number interrupted by net target line
and the size D of the object can also be obtained. It is
showed as table 1. From table 1, we can learn that the first
fling through object interrupts a root nets target line, its size
D ranges for Omm < D � 12mm . After Sms, the second
fling through object interrupts two root nets target line, their
size D range for 6mm < D � 18mm . However the sizes
of the two objects measured actually are 9mm and 12mm
respectively in the size measurement range. Therefor the
parallel networking target can judge the distribution and
dimension of the fling through fragments in a period of time.
[6] Ni Jinping, Tian Hui, Yang Lei. Measurement method research for
warhead fragments speed light curtains target[J]. Optical Technique,
2008, uiI34( 1 ) 1 52-1 55.
[7] Pang Zhonggen. Research based on reflex photoelectric speed system
and some type of the fragments speed decay discipline[D]. Nan Jing:
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2009.
[8] Wang Tieling, An Ying. Vertical target accuracy measuring method
research[J]. Journal of Test and Measurement Technology, 1 996,
1 0(2) 1 0- 1 7.
[9] Wang Changming. Practical ballistics[M]. Bei Jing: Weapons
industry press, 1 994.

(2) Fragments velocity measurement.

When using two regular spacing nets target, it is very

easy to calculate the speed of the fling through fragments
every time, with two channels of an oscilloscope collecting
the wave of two nets target respectively.
B. Comparative analysis
Parallel networking target is on the basis of the nets
target, and is got by summarizing the characteristics of the
comb target and the light screen target. Table 2 lists the
contrast situation from making to using process.

VI. CONCLUTION AND DISCUSSION

Parallel networking target has the characteristics of

simple fabrication and low cost. In the big equivalent of
explosives test, it can be used as an one-off target board.
Make it fixed strong, instead the special protection, in order
to ensure the test data.
In the fragments tests, parallel networking target can
measure the waveforms of multiple through fragments. By
the contrast of two nets target output wave, the speed and
size range of each fragment can be concluded. And the
average speed of fragments can also be worked out. In
addition, the parallel networking target can be used for the
speed tests of the single projectile, when it tests, a
networking target can carry on the multiple speed testing.

REFERENCES

[I] Wei Hongqiang, Wang Jingsong, Feng Jinliang, Ma Hong, Li

Tonghua, Song Xiaohui. Measurement method for warhead fragments
group velocity based on the laser target[J]. Chinese Journal of
Scientific Instrument, 2008, 29( 1 0): 2225-2229.

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