National Symbols of India

Key Details
Revised on 16th May 2018

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# Title Symbol Notes

1. National Flag Tiranga The National Flag is a horizontal tri-

(Flag of India) colour of deep saffron at the top,
white in the middle and dark green at
the bottom in equal proportion. The
ratio of width of the flag to its length
is two to three. In the centre of the
white band is a navy-blue wheel
which represents the chakra with 24
spokes and it was adopted by the
Constituent Assembly of India on 22
July 1947. The flag was designed by
Pingali Venkayya.

2. National Emblem State Emblem of It is an adaptation of the Lion Capital

India of Ashoka at Sarnath, preserved in
the Varanasi Sarnath Museum in
India. It was adopted on 26 January
1950, the day that India became a
republic.

3. National Calendar Saka calendar The National Calendar of India was

adopted on 22 March 1957. The
calendar is based on the Saka Era
with Chaitra as its first month and
Phalgun as the last month. The year
comprises of 12 months and 365
days. The national Calendar of India
is used along with the Gregorian
calendar.

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# Title Symbol Notes

4. National Anthem Jana Gana Mana It was composed originally in Bengali

by Rabindranath Tagore, was
adopted in its Hindi version by the
Constituent Assembly as the
National Anthem of India on 24
January 1950. It was first sung on 27
December 1911 at the Kolkata
Session of the Indian National
Congress.

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5. National Song Vande Mataram Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
composed originally in Sanskrit
stotra in 1870s and included it in his
novel “Anandamath” personifying
India as a mother goddess and
inspiring the activists during the
Indian Independence Movement. It
was adopted as the National song of
India in 1950.

6. Oath of Allegiance National Pledge It is commonly recited by the Indians

in unison at public events, especially
in schools, and during the
Independence Day and Republic
Day celebrations. The pledge was
originally composed in Telugu
language by writer Pydimarri
Venkata Subba Rao in 1962. It was

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adopted as the National Pledge of

India in 1965.

# Title Symbol Notes

7. National Flower Indian Lotus Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn) is

the National Flower of India. It is a
sacred flower and occupies a unique
position in the art and mythology of
ancient India. India is rich in flora.
Currently available data place India
in the tenth position in the world and
fourth in Asia in plant diversity.

8. National Fruit Mango Mango (Mangifera indica) originated

in India and the country is home to
more than 100 varieties of the fruit.

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9. National River Ganga Ganga is the longest river of India

with the most heavily populated river
basin in the world. The river is
revered by Hindus as the most
sacred river on earth.

10. National Tree Indian Banyan Indian banyan(Ficus bengalensis)

root themselves to form new trees
and grow over large areas. Because
of this characteristic and its longevity,
this tree is considered immortal and
is an integral part of the myths and
legends of India.[

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11. National Animal Bengal Tiger It is the largest carnivore is found

only in the Indian subcontinent and
can be found in most regions of the
country.

# Title Symbol Notes

12. National Aquatic River Dolphin Gangetic dolphin is said to represent

Animal the purity of the holy Ganga River as
it can only survive in pure and fresh
water.

13. National Bird Indian Peacock On February 1, 1963, The

Government of India has decided to
have the Peacock as the national
bird of India.

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14. National currency Indian Rupee Indian Rupee is the official currency
of the Republic of India. The
issuance of the currency is controlled
by the Reserve Bank of India. The
Indian rupee symbol is derived from
the Devanagari consonant "र" (ra)
and the Latin letter "R" was adopted
in 2010.

15. National Microbe Lactobacillus Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria.

These are "friendly" bacteria that
normally live in our digestive, urinary,
and genital systems without causing
disease. Lactobacillus is also in

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some fermented foods like yogurt

and in dietary supplements.

Key Notes:

Hindi is not a National Language of India. There is no national language in India. However,
the official languages of the Union Government of the Republic of India are Hindi in
Devanagari script and English as mentioned in article 343/1 of the Constitution of India.
Hockey is not a National Sport of India. India officially does not have any “National
Sport”.

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