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NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION IN ICT ERA

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 ISSN : 0970-4728

A Peer Reviewed Quarterly Journal

Vol. 48 No. 4 (October-December, 2012)

Contents

5 SPIRITUALITY: A REVIEW ARTICLE

DR. R K SINGH, DR. C S SHARMA AND DR. D V SINGH

10 INFORMATION LITERACY PROGRAMMES IN SELECT UNIVERSITY

LIBRARIES IN DELHI: A STUDY
DR. M. MADHUSUDHAN

25 NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION IN ICT

ERA
RAMESH PANDITA AND SHIVENDRA SINGH

31 IMPACT OF E-BOOKS ON INDIAN PUBLISHING

DR. DHARMVEER SINGH

36 BOOK REVIEW
PRIYADARSHINI SHUKLA
INFORMATION L ITERACY P ROGRAMMES IN SELECT UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN D ELHI: A STUDY

(OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION)

VOL. XLVIII OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2012 NO. 4
EDITORIAL BOARD EDITORIAL

Chief Editor : Library and Information Science education of higher education

Dr. Muttayya Koganuramath system is viewed as long term social investment for achieving
Dean, Centre for Library and economic growth, cultural development, social cohesion, equity
Information Science Central and justice. The 21st century is known to be an age of knowledge
University of Gujarat society in which the Library and Information Science education
Gandhinagar and its research will dominate. It has created both new challenges
and opportunities for LIS profession.
Members :
Prof. Jagtar Singh Libraries are one of the most important components of the
Deptt. of Lib. & Inf. Sc. information age as they are becoming agile, learning-oriented
Punjabi University, Patiala Punjab)
Email : kindu_jagtar@yahoo.co.in information centres. Present knowledge society depends on
information and knowledge so much so that the information
Dr. A.R.D. Prasad profession has emerged as one of the most sought after professions
Professor like business administration, engineering and software industry.
DRTC, Indian Statistical Institute We must admit that the developments in ICT have indeed posed
8th Mile, Mysore Rd., several challenges to librarianship. Rapid growth in online
Bangalore 560 059 information and new, innovative methods of information delivery
has changed drastically most of the traditional library services.
Prof. Sabahat Hussain
Deptt. of Lib. & Inf. Sc. However, like all professions at the thresholds of change,
Aligarh Muslim University librarianship also accepted this challenge and went into overdrive
Aligarh
to adapt to the changing contours of information environment. In
this way, library profession gave way to information profession. It
Prof. (Mrs) Ashu Shokeen
needs no more emphasis that the present knowledge society
Deptt. of Lib. & Inf. Sc.
Kurukshetra University understands the value and contributions of libraries, particularly
Kurukshetra (Harayana) in the areas of organizing, preserving and providing access to
information.
Dr. Ramesha
Associate Professor This issue has five papers which are having exhaustive coverage
Dept. of Library & Inf. Sc. of the topics of current interest to researchers in the LIS domain.
Bangalore University,
Jnanabharathi Campus Prof.MuttayyaKoganuramath
BANGALORE - 560 056 Professor
E-mail: bbramesha@gmail.com Centre for Library and Information Science
Central University of Gujarat

Send Papers & Advertisements to : General Secretary,

Indian Library Association, A40-41, Flat No. 201, Ansal Building, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 9
Tele-fax : 011- 27651743, e-mail : ilanet1@nda.vsnl.net.in Printed at : Om Laser Printers, Delhi - 9

Vol. XLVIII, No 4, October-December, 2012 3 Journal of Indian Library Association

INFORMATION L ITERACY P ROGRAMMES IN SELECT UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
JOURNAL IN D
OF INDIAN ELHI : A
LIBRARY STUDY
ASSOCIATION 2012, 48(4) 25-30

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY

CLASSIFICATION IN ICT ERA
RAMESH PANDITA

Assistant Librarian, BGSB University, Rajouri, R/O 274-C, Durga Nagar Sect. No I
P/O Roop Nagar, Jammu – 180013, E-mail: remeshpandita90@gmail.com
and
SHIVENDRA SINGH

Assistant Librarian, UCN, BFUHS, Farikdot-151203, Punjab

Ph. -+91-1639-250433, E-mail: shiv.mail@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The present paper lays emphasis over the need and importance of Library classification in the
ICT era. ICT application is no exception to libraries and we can see it has already
revolutionized library services and activities to a significant way. Any classification scheme
we apply in any type of library acts as a backbone of library services. It not just helps in
organizing information and knowledge but also in its timely retrieval. In the present study we
have tried to highlight the need and importance of classifying documents in the technological
era, as how with and without it library will suffer in its recourse to organize and retrieve
knowledge and information. concerning partnerships withfaculty members,database vendorsto
support the development of library staff in India. One purpose of this work was to develop
strategies that could also be applied elsewhere in India.

Keywords: Library Classification, ICT

INTRODUCTION Looking at the background of library classification, we can

The word classification has been coined from the Latin term
classes’ which in ancient Rome was used to refer people
having certain qualities common as such belonging to same
class, order or rank of mobility in Roman society was based
upon birth and wealth. According to Margaret Mann,
Classification helps to arrange things as per their likeness
and unlikeness, also it is a method used in sorting or
grouping of things(1). According to Sayers, Library
Classification is the arrangement of books in a manner which
is the most useful to readers(2), as per New Encyclopaedia
Britannica, Classification is an arrangement adopted by
libraries to facilitate its clientele to find documents quickly
and easily(3). From the above definitions, it becomes very
much evident that classification is a conscious and
calculated approach to arrange documents in a most desired
manner having permanent sequence with easy access and
retrieval.
see that it is as old a system as the libraries in itself.
Classification is something, which is about bringing order
out of disorder, and when we talk about libraries, it means
we are talking about the organized piece of information.
Library professionals had been in the business of classifying
documents by using different tools and techniques created
during the different periods. Ancient libraries were mostly
archival in nature with general people having no access to
it and used to cater the information needs of the privileged
class only. It will not be inappropriate to say that whole
library structure exists and depends upon library
classification.
In the recent history of library and information science of
not more than 200 years or so old we have seen a good
number of library classificatory schemes have been devised
from time to time. A few to name are as, Dewey Decimal

Vol. XLVIII, No 4, October-December, 2012 25 Journal of Indian Library Association

RAMESH PANDITA AND SHIVENDRA SINGH
Classification (DDC), the classificatory scheme devised by
Melville Louis Kossuth (Melvil) Dewey in 1886. Dewey
in his work attempted to organize knowledge by dividing
the whole universe of knowledge into ten main classes, each
class being further subdivided into ten divisions, and each
division into ten sections, giving in all ten main classes,
100 divisions and 1000 sections(4). This is followed by
Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), this classification
scheme is based on DDC devised by two Belgian
bibliographer Paul Otlet and Henri la Fontaine in 1894(5).
Library of Congress classification scheme devised by library
of congress, Colon Classification (CC), the scheme devised
by Dr S.R Ranganathan in 1933. The other main works in
library classification by Dr S.R. Ranganathan are
Prolegomena to Library Classification (1937), Elements of
Library Classification (1945), Classification and
International Documentation (1948), Classification and
Communication (1951). Bibliographical scheme of
classification was designed by Henry E Bliss, the scheme
despite being devised in America is mostly popular in British
Libraries, and got published in four volumes from 1940-
1953(6). Charles Ammi Cutter (1837-1903) devised the
Expansive Classification System known as Cutters
Expansive Classification System. To devise this
classification system cutter borrowed the idea from his
contemporary Melvil Dewey, who by that time had devised
DDC.
Apart from these, so many other specialized subject
classificatory schemes were devised from time to time;
mostly need based depending upon the type and kind of
collection a library used to have. In all we can say the
primary objective of any library establishment is to classify
its documents by using the classification scheme which suits
the requirements of that very particular library so as to bring
order out in the material acquired and shelve it in most
linear fashion. One major objective which all type of
classificatory schemes are aimed to, is to create a chain of
related topics to create a voluminous sequence of all its
holdings irrespective of the major subject under which a
particular piece of information falls.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Evidences are there that in the city of Sumer commercial
transactions or inventories were classified in the form of
clay tablets(7). There are recorded evidences about the
existence of libraries at Nippur about 1900 BC and at
Nineveh about 700 BC having library classification in
Vol. XLVIII, No 4, October-December, 2012
place(8). Cataloguing and classification are two important
constituents of library system, if catalogue on one had helps
to provide information on physical and topical nature of a
documents, classification on the other hand helps to locate
the documents in the huge collection of library more quickly
and easily. There are also a good number of library
classification schemes which have been devised as per the
local requirements of particular region or language, like
Nippon Decimal Classification Scheme (NDC)(9) has been
devised to suit the local requirement of Japanese library
culture. The other classificatory schemes are Chinese
Library Classification (CLC)(10), Korean Decimal
Classification (KDC)(11), Russia has BBK (Library
Bibliographic Classification)(12).
The course of library classification schemes from clay
tablets to modern day schemes mostly designed on scientific
lines, things does not seem to have progressed/changed
much in the field of classifying knowledge in libraries. IT
has made its presence in almost every sphere of human
activity but to have fully automated classification scheme
is yet to be realized. As many organizations world over are
working in the field of research and development of Library
Classification, whether we talk of FID, OCLC, DRTC etc.
OCLC investigative team is involved in exploring the
possibilities of adaptability of standard library classification
schemes so as to classify documents and other web resources
in automated form and if yes how far the results will be
close to manual classification(13).
Lois Mai Chan in his work Cataloguing and Classification:
An Introduction maintains, “Classification, broadly defined,
is the act of organizing the universe of knowledge into some
systematic order. It has been considered the most
fundamental activity of the human mind”(14) and Ashleigh
Brilliant believes that, “The closest we will ever come to
an orderly universe is a good library”(15). From the above
two quotes one can make a good assessment about the need
and importance of library classification. Classification is
something we can say which empowers a person to make
good use of ones sensory application to maximize the order
out of disorder to the level of its perfection. Brilliant has
very well perceived the importance of library classification
in above quote, all this clearly somewhere signals towards
imperfection or the difficulties people would have faced in
accessing and retrieving information had the tool of
classification not been with us. Classification has helped
us to bring order in organizing knowledge to the level of
unexpected perfection. J.H Shera upholds that classification
26 Journal of Indian Library Association
NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION I N ICT E RA
of the universe of the knowledge rests on universal order,
unity of knowledge, similarity of class no’s and intrinsic
essence(16).
OBJECTIVES OF THE DISCUSSION
Present study has been undertaken with the view to assess
the need and importance of Library Classification in
organizing and retrieval of information in the IT and ICT
era with the following objectives.
i. To assess the Need and Importance of Library
Classification in IT and ICT era.
ii. To draw comparison between importance and relevance
of Library classification in conventional and
contemporary library setup.
iii. To asses the scope of library classification in
sustenance, growth and development of Library science
and its services.
PURPOSE OF DISCUSSION
With the technological intrusion in almost all spheres of
library activities and services, the Need Purpose and
Importance of one of the most conventional library tools
namely Library Classification has not declined in any
manner. Every other tool and technique these days we use
in library services and activities rely heavily on this age-
old tool and technique (Classification). Library
professionals have not undertaken any rigorous research
on this front despite knowing very well the need and
importance of this tool even in IT and ICT era. The main
aim with which the present study has been undertaken is to
highlight the need and importance of Library classification
in present era, as the system is still very much is place and
with the passage of time it has not lost its significance but
has instead made its presence more apparent. We have got
WEB OPAC’s in place and the main aim of introducing
this technology was to help library clientele to take easy
and fast search of library catalogues but the fact remains
that it is still the classification scheme which a particular
library uses comes to handy in retrieving a particular piece
of information. It is always imperative to have a well-
organized & fully classified collection, otherwise what so
ever tools we may use to handle it every effort will be
bogged down to retrieve information in shortest possible
time. The study has also been carried out with the view to
assess as how far technology has declined the importance
Vol. XLVIII, No 4, October-December, 2012
of library classification if any and if yes then how far.
Keeping in view the points raised towards the need and
purpose of this study, without doubt it will help a great deal
in making library professionals realize the importance of
library classification and need thereof to have continuous
and unending research in the field of library classification.
It is the classification, which has helped us a great deal to
smoothen the activities and services of a library along with
other routine functions.
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION, ITS NEED AND
IMPORTANCE
With regard to need and importance of library classification,
some pertinent issues have already been raised and
discussed; some more specific areas where library
Classification plays a pivotal role are as under
i. The first and foremost purpose of any library
classification scheme is to create a helpful sequence
of all the subject material acquired by a library so that
same could be used by users of library in most
convenient way without wasting much time and energy
in searching the documents.
ii. Library Classification helps to accommodate all the
newly published literature in an already created order
of arrangement in a filiatory sequence. Even a
document on its return with the help of classification
attains the same position and the same place among
the already created sequence of documents.
iii. Arrangement of books on the shelves of library is more
mechanized than manual and with the help of ICT tools,
the arrangement has more or less become automated
these days. Apart from fixing the location of document
in library it also facilities its easy retrieval from the
huge collection of library.
iv. Library Classification helps a great deal in exploiting
the information to its optimum by maximizing the use
of a library documents.
v. It won’t be inappropriate to say that library
classification helps a library professional in discharging
his/her duties more efficiently.
vi. Classification helps to fulfill the basic philosophy of
library science put forth by the father of library science
Sh. S.R Ranganathan in the form of five laws of library
science.
27 Journal of Indian Library Association
RAMESH PANDITA AND SHIVENDRA SINGH
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION & ICT
APPLICATIONS TO LIBRARIES
i. Organization of Knowledge: - Any library with
conventional or contemporary system of functioning
in place relies heavily on library classification.
Organization of knowledge in a more systematic way
is the first and foremost activity of any library. A fully
automated library is as much dependent on library
classification as any non-automated library. To exploit
the sources of information to its optimum whether in
automated or non-automated library classification is
the only tool, which has come handy in exploiting the
knowledge throughout the course of libraries. Since
there being every possibility to develop, fully high-
tech and mechanical libraries in future, but it won’t
come to me as a surprise if classification becomes the
basis to realize such technological feet.
ii. Bringing order out of disorder: - Putting things in order
is the age old and fundamental activity of human way,
similarly classifying documents in a library and putting
them in a most desired order is the fundamental activity
of library professionals. Classification is a systematic
and more scientific way of creating a desired order of
library documents mostly subjective to fix or shelve
each piece of information at the most appropriate place
among the universe of subjects as such helps in bringing
order out of disorder.
iii. Establishes location of a document: - A library
classification helps us to assign a unique ordinal
number to each document on its acquisition in library
and helps us to establish its location among other
similar document. A class number is more or less the
translation of the bibliographic details of a document
in ordinal numbers, depending upon the type of
classification scheme, which a particular library is
making use of.
iv. Facilitates easy access and withdrawal of documents:
- When we make our simple fantasies to run and search
a particular document or piece of information from a
huge collection of library which mostly runs in lakhs
without wasting much time may appear impossible to
a common man, but the fact remains it is the library
classification which helps us to retrieve information
from library in minimum possible time irrespective of
library being automated or not.
Vol. XLVIII, No 4, October-December, 2012
v. Conventional Card Catalouge to OPAC: - Catalogue
contains bibliographic details of documents, which are
in the holding list of a particular library. It also contains
the other information of a document like Call number,
Accession number. etc. Conventional card catalogue
which used to run on the horse at the entrance of a
library used to be main attraction for library clientele,
but with the introduction of IT and ICT applications to
libraries the conventional card catalogue has got totally
replaced by Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).
The only advantage of OPAC over that of its
predecessor is that it fast, more reliable, and one can
take repeated searches for a document in fraction of
seconds which was not so when taken the case of card
catalogue.
vi. Creation, Collection, Access and Management of
Databases and Databanks:- In the simpler sense we
call data as something which is not processed and once
processed it becomes information, in the same vain
we can say a database is an organized form of
unprocessed data required for different purposes and
processed as per ones requirement. Similarly databanks
can be counted as places or the organizations involved
with the activity of acquiring data more or less in a
centralized form. The terms databases and databanks
are somewhat used interchangeably. Databank is also
referred as an organization concerned with creation,
collection, organization, and management of databases
in electronic format. All the up-holdings about the
databases and databanks are in context of IT and ICT
applications. Library and information professionals
have already treaded the course in this direction to a
good extent and with the application of tools like
classification and IT people have started realizing the
need and importance of databases and databanks.
OTHER ADVANTAGES OF LIBRARY
CLASSIFICATION
Finding a document in a unclassified library is as difficult,
some more are of the view that one can seek the solution of
a problem in lesser time by experimenting it in laboratory
than finding it in unclassified library where the solution of
problem already lies. This clearly indicates the need and
importance of Library classification in organizing the
knowledge and information.
i. Classification helps to build a fool-proof security
system with application like RFID
28 Journal of Indian Library Association
NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION I N ICT E RA
ii. Stock verification has become more easy and reliable
with by the applications of IT with tools like
Classification
iii. Charging and discharging of books has become more
smooth
iv. Weeding out of documents has become more easy
v. Book drop boxes has become the trend of the day
vi. Classification helps us to have arrangement of books
in library precise, exhaustive and expeditious.
vii. Segregation of documents in various sections of library
is also effectively carried out by classification.
viii. Classification is the tool, which helps to fulfill five
laws of library science in every respect.
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION Vs INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
In most part of our discussion we have put emphasis over
the relevance of classification during all eras and era of IT
is no exception to it. Despite having so much
interdependence of classification and IT in modern era there
is still one area where the classification has lost or is
vulnerable to loose its significance, which more or less has
been overtaken by IT and ICT application.
Earlier there used to be every danger that a wrongly
classified document will get either lost in huge collection
of library for the want of being put either in that section
which may not pertain to its main class or subject, where a
seeker of information may never like to give it a try or to
look for such a document in any irrelevant section where
there may be very remote chances of its presence, as such
these kind of documents most of the time lay useless for
the want of finding its reader. It has been observed that in
large libraries a good number of books may hardly find
their reader; as such do not even get issued ones and all this
most of the time comes to fore the moment these documents
are weeded out.
But when taken the case of IT applications to libraries, it
becomes very easy to locate a wrongly classified document,
as one can take repeated searches and with the help of
barcodes and light guns this problem can be easily
overcome. Even guiding a seeker of information to its wrong
location is a good idea to help get the document traced and
ultimately used by a seeker. One can also generate details
about the amount of use of documents in library rather the
documents, which remain most of the time in circulation
and of those, which remain least in circulation.
Vol. XLVIII, No 4, October-December, 2012
RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS
i. Exploring possibilities for opening new vistas of library
classification are very bright, need is to work on them
& to tap them. Automated classification is indeed the
future of this vital library tool whereon not just the
performance of libraries is going better leaps and
bounds but also in order to sustain in this hi-tech world
where service and speed are being set as parameters
for survival and sustenance.
ii. Classification of web resources is a big challenge before
library professionals and the need is to overcome it.
Application of tools and techniques of classification
will help to lower down the apprehensions among the
users of web resources about their reliability and
authenticity.
iii. Fusion of Classification and IT has already shown signs
of great wonders, together these tools can revolutionize
do in the field of information. The amount of research,
which is required to be carried out in the field of library
classification, is not being carried out to that extent.
Even the exposure to technology is somewhat limited
for the students and professionals of Library and
Information Science.
iv. Hiring the expert services form the professionals
especially of training IT people can prove an added
advantage to LIS professionals. This of course involves
the danger of intrusion by non-professionals in
profession but this also is something which experts from
LIS profession can try in other areas with similar
professional assignments in the areas like, Banking,
BPO’s, Industry, Pharmaceuticals, R&D etc.
CONCLUSION
Classification is one such activity which we believe every
living being is bestowed inherently by nature and is being
used by one and all in every day activity. Classification has
always been the backbone of Library services and activities
and without it, library is definitely going to suffer in its
recourse and to find a particular piece of information from
unorganized heap of knowledge is almost impossible.
Information Technology (IT) has indeed revolutionized
almost every sphere of library services and activities but
still Classification is one such age old library tool which
has made technology dependent on it. Without
classification, technology won’t be able to locate a
document in library, least not till the time we have fully
mechanized and totally automatic libraries where need for
classifying a document may not be required as people may
29 Journal of Indian Library Association
RAMESH PANDITA AND SHIVENDRA SINGH
be able to access information by simply ordering the same
with the help of key words as we do these days and
technology in turn may get it scanned from entire collection
of library and may put it in front of its seeker within no
time.
Research activities in the field of library classification and
Information Technology are the areas where attention is
required to be paid. Fusion of IT and classification has
already created wonders and the need is to carry forward it
from hereon to new scales. Library Classification is one
such area where I believe things can be explored beyond
the perception of human mind especially with tools and
techniques like IT.
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30 Journal of Indian Library Association