Mississippi state>Ole Miss

Final Study
Guide
Date​: Wednesday, May
22nd
Time​: 1:00 - 3:30 p.m.
Midterm format​: 45
presidents and vice
presidents, true/false, short
answer questions (you
choose), TWO document
analysis (you choose one)

Big Picture Questions

When answering these questions, you should be able to be specific in your
responses. For instance, if asked “Explain three cultural changes that occurred in
the 1920s.” a list is not acceptable, but an explanation of the items on the list is
expected for full credit to be awarded. You should define the terms and show an
understanding of how they were an actual change in society.

● Cultural changes in the 1920s

○ Harlem Renaissance
■ Cultural and literary explosion centered during the 1920s
involving African Americans. Included writers such as
Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston
○ Sexual Revolution
■ Challenged the traditional codes and behavior related to
sexuality and relationships
■ Included an increased acceptance of sex outside of
traditional, heterosexual, monogamous relationships
○ Fundamentalism
■ Form of religion that upholds belief in the strict, literal
interpretation of scripture
○ Prohibition
■ The prevention of the manufacture and sale of alcohol,
especially in the US between 1920 and 1933
○ Consumer Consumption
 ■ The prosperity of the 1920s led to new patterns of
consumption or purchasing consumer goods like radios,
cars, vacuums, beauty products or clothing. The expansion
of credit in the 1920s allowed for the sale of more consumer
goods and put automobiles within reach of average
Americans
● The Great Depression
○ Causes
■ America’s optimism and overconfidence in the 1920s
■ Overproduction of consumer goods
■ Buying goods on credit
○ Effects
■ Personal income, tax revenue, profits, and prices shrank
50% in the first 5yrs of depression
○ Solutions
■ Hoover
● Hoover mainly didn't want to get the government
involved
■ FDR
● New Deal
○ Relief to the unemployed and poor
○ Recovery of the economy back to normal
levels
○ Reform of the financial system to prevent a
repeat depression
○ United States bank holiday: closed all banks
○ Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC):
1932-1942: employed young men to perform
unskilled work in rural areas
○ National Youth Administration (NYA), 1935: a
program that focused on providing work and
education for Americans between 16-25
○ Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) 1922: raised
farm prices by cutting the total farm output of
major crops and livestock
● World War II
○ Causes
■ Hitler
 ● Rise of the Nazi Party and its subsequent invasion of
other countries
■ Appeasement
● Agreeing with Hitler and Germany in order to prolong
the inevitable war
● Appeased because countries were still recovering
from WWI, and the U.S. was in a Great Depression
○ US Neutrality and US Involvement
■ Neutrality Act of 1935
● Prohibited exporting arms and ammunition to any
foreign nation at war
■ Neutrality Act of 1937
● Prohibited Americans from traveling on ships owned
by any belligerent nation, and declared that
American-owned ships could not carry any arms
intended for war zones
○ Holocaust
○ Atomic Bomb
■ Hiroshima: Aug. 6th, 1945
■ Nagasaki: Aug. 9th, 1945
■ Nuclear deterrence

● The Cold War

○ Conformity
■ Threat of Communism
■ The “American Dream”
● Encompassed ideas of futurism and opportunity
● 2.5 kids, a dog, and a house with a white picket fence
■ Consumerism
● Done by a generation that wishes to lead a new life in
suburbs w/ their families while working boring jobs
and denying that their lives are actually not that great
because they are all products of the great American
consumption period
■ Suburbia
● Houses were made on an assembly line
● Levittown: Levitt and Sons mass-produced homes on
the outskirts of NYC in the fields in Long Island
■ Opposition
 ● Music
● Art
● Literature
○ US Foreign Policy Ideals
■ Containment
● Stop the spread of Communism caused by the Soviet
Union
■ Truman Doctrine
● the principle that the US should give support to
countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or
Communist insurrection.
● the doctrine was seen by the Communists as an open
declaration of the Cold War.
■ Marshall Plan
● the initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in
which the United States gave over $12 billion in
economic assistance to help rebuild Western
European economies after the end of World War II.
■ Domino Theory
● The idea that if one country fell to communism, its
surrounding countries will eventually to communism
as well
■ NATO and the Warsaw Pact
● NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
○ The U.S. and 11 other Western nations
○ Stated that a military attack against any of the
signatures would be considered an attack
against them all
○ Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France,
Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, and the United States.
● Warsaw Pact
○ Russia’s response to NATO
○ Communist Alliance
○ Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German
Democratic Republic (East Germany),
Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
○ US Foreign Policy Outcomes
■ Korean War
 ● US came to the aid of S. Korea in order to stop N.
Korea and Communist Russia from taking over
● Russia and U.S. agreed temporarily to divide Korea at
the 38th parallel of latitude north of the equator. This
division resulted in the formation of two countries:
communist North Korea (supported by the Soviets)
and South Korea (supported by the United States).
■ Guatemala
●
■ Cuba
● Bay of Pigs Invasion
○ an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force
of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with
support and encouragement from the US
government, in an attempt to overthrow the
Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
○ Cuban Missile Crisis was an international crisis
in October 1962, the closest approach to
nuclear war at any time between the US and
the Soviet Union. When the US discovered
Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President
John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and
announced a naval blockade of the island; the
Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the US
demands a week later.
■ Vietnam War
● Involvement
○ The U.S. involvement in South Vietnam
stemmed from 20 long years of political and
economic action. These had the common
incentive of ending the growing communist
domination in Vietnam.
● Escalation
● Media Portrayal - Mi Lai, Tet, Mi Lai Massacre,
Pentagon Papers
○ The government tried to hide what had
happened from the public.
■ Space Race
● Extended the Cold War into space
 ● Fought for technological advancement in space

● The Civil Rights Movement

○ Brown v. Board of Education
■ Legal campaign
■ Resistance
○ Civil Rights Organizations
■ NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
■ CORE- The Congress of Racial Equality is an
African-American civil rights organization in the United
States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the
Civil Rights Movement
■ SCLC- The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an
African-American civil rights organization.
■ SNCC- The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
was one of the major American Civil Rights Movement
organizations of the 1960s. It emerged from the first wave of
student sit-ins and formed at a May 1960 meeting organized
by Ella Baker at Shaw University.
○ Federal Government Interventions
■ Civil Rights Acts - 1957, 1960, 1964
■ Voting Rights Act of 1965
■ Supreme Court Cases and their effects
● Loving v. Virginia- i​ nterracial marriage
● Baker v. Carr -​
● Gideon v. Wainwright -
● Miranda v. Arizona - He
○ Protest Activities
■ Sit-ins - was a wave of sit-ins that followed the Greensboro
sit-ins on February 1, 1960, in North Carolina.
■ Freedom Rides - were civil rights activists who rode
interstate buses into the segregated southern United States
in 1961
■ Voter Education Project - raised and distributed foundation
funds to civil rights organizations for voter education and
 registration work in the southern United States from 1962 to
1968.
■ Freedom Summer Project - was a volunteer campaign in the
United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register
as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.

● Watergate
○ Cause - Nixon’s fear of not winning the election after losing to
Kennedy in the 1960 election.
○ Coverup - President Nixon used the Executive Privilege in order to
keep the tapes and evidence to himself so he would not be
exposed. He also bribed people and bought silence from everybody
that was involved in the scandal.
○ Effect - It made people lose trust in the presidency and the
government. But it also aided the media into being more known and
trusted.

Presidents and VP’s:

https://quizlet.com/_6pezbl