Ciliophora

Taxonavigation
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Harosa
Infraregnum: Alveolata
Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphyla: Intramacronucleata – Postciliodesmatophora – Ciliophora incertae
sedis

Classes (nomen dubium):Kinetofragminophora – Polyhymenophora

Name
Ciliophora DOFLEIN, 1901

Synonyms

Ciliata Perty, 1852

Infusoria sensu Bütschli, 1887-1889 Ciliophora
Ciliophyceae Rothmaler, 1951

References

General
Aescht, E. (2001). Catalogue of the generic names of ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Denisia 1: 1–350, [1].
Bick, H. (1972). Ciliated protozoa: an illustrated guide to the species used as biological indicators in freshwater
biology. Geneva: World Health Organization, 198 p.,[2].
FOISSNER, W., & BERGER, H. (1996). A user‐friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by
hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes, and waste waters, with notes on their ecology
. Freshwater
Biology, 35(2), 375-482, [3].
Lynn, D.H. (2016). Ciliophora. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.).Handbook of the
Protists. Springer, pp. 1-52. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_23-1
WARREN, A. 2011. Ciliophora. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11 on 2016-03-17

Additional
AGUILAR-AGUILAR, R. & ISLAS-ORTEGA, A.G. 2015. A checklist of ciliate parasites (Ciliophora) of fishes from Mexico.
Zootaxa 4027(2): 270–280. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.2.6. Preview (PDF) reference page
ANSARI, K.G.M.T., GUIDI, L., DOVGAL, I., BALSAMO, M. & SAMPRUCCI, F. 2017. Some epibiont suctorian ciliates from
meiofaunal organisms of Maldivian archipelago with description of a new ciliate species. Zootaxa 4258(4): 375–
387. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.5. Reference page.
BOOYSE, D.G. & DEHORITY, B.A. 2017. Host-Parasite list updating of Ciliates and fermentation in the digestive tract
of wild miscellaneous herbivores in South Africa (RSA).Zootaxa 4258(6): 586–600. doi:
10.11646/zootaxa.4258.6.9. Reference page.
CUCCHI, M.C., MARCOPPIDO, G., DEKKER, A., FONDEVILA, M., FUENTE, G. DE LA, MORICI, G. & CRAVERO, S. 2016. Ciliate
protozoa of the forestomach of llamas L( ama glama) from locations at different altitude in Argentina. Zootaxa
4067(1): 49–56. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.1.3.Full article reference page
 GÜRELLI, G. 2017. Rumen Ciliate Fauna of Domestic Sheep Ovis ( aries) in İzmir, Turkey and Scanning Electron
Microscopic Observations.Zootaxa 4286(4): 545–554. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.4.7. Reference page.
Petz, W., 1999. Ciliophora. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden,
pp. 265–320, [4].

Links
Ciliophora in the World Register of Marine Species
http://ciliateguide.myspecies.info/
https://web.archive.org/web/20160621232441/http://research.plattsburgh.edu/ciliates/

Vernacular names
беларуская: Інфузорыі
eesti: Ripsloomad, Tsiliaadid

For more multimedia, look at Ciliophora on Wikimedia Commons.

Contents
Taxonavigation
Name
References
General
Additional
Links
Vernacular names
Alternative classifications
Perty (1852)
Saville-Kent (1880-1882)
Bütschli (1887-1889)
Kalberlah & Schoenichen (1900)
Doflein (1901)
Kahl (1930-1935)
Fauré-Fremiet (1950)
Kudo (1954)
Honigberg et al. (1964)
Corliss (1979)
John O. Corliss (1984)
Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis (1986)
Foissner & Foissner (1988)
Lynn & Small, in Margulis et al. (1990)
Cavalier-Smith (1993)
de Puytorac (1994)
Cavalier-Smith (1998)
Lynn & Small, in Lee et al. (2000)
Class Karyorelictea
Class Heterotrichea
Class Spirotrichea
Class Litostomatea
Classs Phyllopharyngea
 Class Nassophorea
Class Colpodea
Class Prostomatea
Class Plagiopylea
Class Oligohymenophorea
Hausmann et al. (2003)
Alimov et al. (2007)
Lynn (2008)
Adl et al. (2012)
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Gao et al. (2016)

Alternative classifications

Perty (1852)
From Kleinster Lebensformen, [5], [6].

Subregnum Archezoa

Classis Infusoria

Phytozoidia
Ciliata
Classis Rhizopoda

Saville-Kent (1880-1882)
Saville-Kent, W. (1880-1882). A manual of Infusoria. London, vol. 1 (see p. 211 [7]), vol. 2 and vol. 3.

Sub-kingdom Protozoa

Legion Infusoria

Class I. Flagellata or Mastigophora

Class II. Ciliata or Trichophora
Class III. Tentaticulifera

Bütschli (1887-1889)
Bütschli, O. 1887-89. Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild:
wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band: Protozoa. Abt. III, Infusoria und System der Radiolaria. C.F. Winter:
Leipzig, [8].

Phylum Protozoa

Class Infusoria

Subclass Ciliata
Subclass Suctoria

Kalberlah & Schoenichen (1900)

Kalberlah, A. & Schoenichen, W. B. (1900). Eyferth's Einfachste Lebensformen des Tier- und Pflanzenreiches: Naturgeschichte der
mikroskopischen Süsswasserbewohner. 3rd ed. Braunschweig: B. Goeritz,[9].

Pflanzliche Organismen

I. Schizophytae
II. Euphyceae (Echte Algen)
III. Fungi
Tierische Organismen

I. Einzellige Lebewesen – I.Protozoa

I. Sarcodina
II. Mastigophora (Flagellata)
III. Ciliata

A. Gymnostomata
B. Trichostomata

I. Aspirotricha
II. Spirotricha

A. Heterotricha
B. Oligotricha
C. Hypotricha
D. Peritricha
IV. Suctoria
II. Mehrzellige Lebewesen (Metazoa) – II. Rotatoria

Doflein (1901)
Doflein, F. (1901). Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger, 1st ed. Further editions:Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde.

Stamm: Protozoa

I. Unterstamm: Plasmodroma
II. Unterstamm: Ciliophora

Kahl (1930-1935)
Kahl, A. (1930–35). Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 18, (Ed. F. Dahl). 4
vols. G. Fischer, Jena, [10], [11].

Patterson, D.J. (1978).Kahl's Keys to the Ciliates. Translation of the keys fromWimpertiere oder Ciliata. 1978, University of Bristol,
[12].

Phylum Protozoa Goldfuss, 1817

Superklasse Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Klasse Protociliata Metcalf

Fam. Opalinidae
Klasse Euciliata Metcalf

Unterklasse Infusoria Ledermüller, 1760

Ordnung Holotricha Stein, 1859

Ordnung Spirotricha Bütschli, 1889 emend.
Ordnung Peritricha Stein, 1859 emend.
Ordnung Chonotricha Wallengren, 1895
 Unterklasse Suctoria

Fauré-Fremiet (1950)
Fauré-Fremiet, E. (1950). Morphologie comparée et systèmatique des Ciliés. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 75: 109–
122, [13]. See Lynn (2008), [14].

Ciliata

Holotricha
Spirotricha

Kudo (1954)
From Protozoology, 4th ed., [15].

Phylum Protozoa Goldfuss

Subphylum Plasmodroma Doflein

Class Mastigophora Diesing

Class Sarcodina Hertwig and Lesser
Class Sporozoa Leuckart
Subphylum Ciliophora Doflein

Class 1 Ciliata Perty

Subclass 1 Protociliata Metcalf

Subclass 2 Euciliata Metcalf
Class 2 Suctoria Claparède and Lachmann

Honigberg et al. (1964)

In Phylum Protozoa
Subphylum Ciliophora
Class Ciliatea

Subclass Holotrichia
Subclass Peritrichia
Subclass Suctoria
Subclass Spirotrichia

Corliss (1979)
Corliss, J. O. (1979). The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literautre, 2nd ed., Pergamon Press,
Oxford and New York, 455 pp., [16] (1st ed: 1961, [17]).

Phylum Ciliophora

Class Kinetofragminophora
Class Oligohymenophora
Class Polyhymenophora

John O. Corliss (1984)

From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla
In Kingdom Protista
Assemblage "Ciliates"
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis (1986)

Dragesco, J. & Dragesco-Kernéis, A. 1986. Ciliés libres de l’Afrique intertropicale: introduction a la connaissance et à l’étude des
ciliés. Orstom, Paris, [18].

Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Classe des Kinetofragminophora

Classe des Oligohymenophora
Classe des Polyhymenophora

Foissner & Foissner (1988)

Foissner, W., & I. Foissner (1988) Stamm: Ciliophora. Catalogus Faunae Austriae, Part Ic. - Osterr. Acad. Wiss., Vienna. 150pp.,
[19].

Stamm: Ciliophora

Klasse: Kinetofragminophora
Klasse: Oligohymenophora
Klasse: Polyhymenophora
Klasse: Colpodea

Lynn & Small, in Margulis et al. (1990)

Lynn, D.H. & Small, E.B., 1990. 28. Phylum Ciliophora. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.).
Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 498-523. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015),
[20].

Kingdom Protoctista

Section IV: Phyla with flagellated stages andcomplex sexual cycles

Phylum 28. Ciliophora

Class Karyorelictea
Class Spirotrichea
Class Prostomatea
Class Litostomatea
Class Phyllopharyngea
Class Nassophorea
Class Oligohymenophorea
Class Colpodea

Cavalier-Smith (1993)
From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla

In Kingdom Protozoa, Subkingdom Dictyozoa, Branch Bikonta, Infrakingdom Neozoa, Parvkingdom Alveolata
Superphylum Heterokaryota Hickson, 1903 stat. nov.
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 stat. nov. Copeland, 1956 emend. auct.
 Class Spirotrichea
Class Prostomatea
Class Litostomatea
Class Phyllopharyngea
Class Nassophorea
Class Oligohymenophorea
Class Colpodea
Class Karyorelictea

de Puytorac (1994)
Puytorac, P. de. (1994). Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: P. de Puytorac (Ed.). Traité de zoologie. Infusoires ciliés (Vol. 2, pp. 1-
15). Paris: Masson, [21], [22]. See Lynn (2008), [23]

Animalia

Protozoa

Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1903

Subphylum Tubulicorticata
Subphylum Filicorticata
Subphylum Epiplasmata

Cavalier-Smith (1998)
From A revised six-kingdom system of life

In Kingdom Protozoa, Subkingdom Neozoa, Infrakingdom Alveolata

Superphylum Heterokaryota Hickson 1903 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1993
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein 1901 stat. nov. Copeland 1956 em. auct.

Lynn & Small, in Lee et al. (2000)

Lynn, D.H. & Small, E.B. 2000. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to
the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 371-656, [24]. See Brands, S.J.
(1989-2015), [25].

Class Karyorelictea
In “protozoa”, “alveolates”

Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Subphylum PostciliodesmatophoraGerassimova & Seravin, 1976

Class Karyorelictea Corliss, 1974

Order Protostomatida Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Kentrophoridae Jankowski, 1980

Genus Kentrophoros Sauerbrey, 1928

Genus Trachelolophos Foissner & Dragesco, 1996
Genus Prototrachelocerca Foissner, 1996
Genus Tracheloraphis Dragesco, 1960
Genus Trachelonema Dragesco, 1958
Family Trachelocercidae Kent, 1881
 Genus Trachelocerca Ehrenberg, 1833[1834]
Order Loxodida Jankowski, 1980

Family Loxodidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Loxodes Ehrenberg, 1833[1830]

Genus Remanella Kahl, 1933
Family Cryptopharyngidae Jankowski, 1980

Genus Cryptopharynx Kahl, 1928

Genus Apocryptopharynx Foissner, 1996
Order Protoheterotrichida Nouzarède, 1977

Family Geleiidae Kahl, 1933

Genus Avelia Nouzarède, 1977

Genus Geleia Kahl, 1933

Class Heterotrichea

Class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859

Order Licnophorida Corliss, 1957

Family Licnophoridae Bütschli, 1887

Genus Licnophora Claparède, 1867

Order Heterotrichida Stein, 1859

Family Folliculinidae Dons, 1914

Genus Magnifolliculina Uhlig, 1964

Genus Folliculina Lamarck, 1816
Genus Parafolliculina Dons, 1914
Genus Metafolliculina Dons, 1925[1924]
Genus Pebrilla Giard, 1888
Family Peritromidae Stein, 1867

Genus Peritromus Stein, 1862[1863]

Family Stentoridae Carus, 1863

Genus Stentor Oken, 1815

Family Blepharismidae Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Parablepharisma Kahl, 1932

Genus Anigsteinia Isquith, 1968
Genus Blepharisma Perty, 1849
Genus Pseudoblepharisma Kahl, 1926[1927]
Family Spirostomidae Stein, 1867

Genus Spirostomum Ehrenberg, 1833[1834]

Genus Gruberia Kahl, 1932
Family Condylostomatidae Kahl, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Genus Condylostoma Bory de St. Vincent, 1826

Genus Condylostomides da Silva Neto, 1994
Genus Linostoma Jankowski, 1978
Family Climacostomidae Repak, 1972

Genus Fabrea Henneguy, 1890

Genus Climacostomum Stein, 1859
 Genus Copemetopus Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940

Class Spirotrichea

Subphylum Intramacronucleata Lynn, 1996

Class Spirotrichea Bütschli, 1889

Subclass Protocruziidia de Puytorac et al., 1987

Order Protocruziida Jankowski, 1980

Family Protocruziidae Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Protocruzia de Faria et al., 1922

Subclass Hypotrichia (Stein, 1859) Cavalier-Smith, 1993

Order Kiitrichida Nozawa, 1941

Family Kiitrichidae Nozawa, 1941

Genus Kiitricha Nozawa, 1941

Genus Caryotricha Kahl, 1932
?Family Transitellidae Fryd-Versavel & Tuffrau, 1978

Genus Transitella Gellért, 1950 [see Balantidioides Penard, in Kahl,

1930]
Order Euplotida Small & Lynn, 1985

Suborder Discocephalina Wicklow, 1982

Family Erionellidae Wicklow, 1982

Genus Erionella Jankowski, 1978

Family Discocephalidae Jankowski, 1979

Genus Psammocephalus Wicklow, 1982

Genus Marginotricha Jankowski, 1978
Genus Prodiscocephalus Jankowski, 1979
Genus Discocephalus Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg,
1828[1831]
Suborder Euplotina Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Uronychiidae Jankowski, 1979

Genus Paradiophrys Jankowski, 1978

Genus Uronychia Stein, 1857[1859]
Genus Diophryopsis Hill & Borror, 1992
Genus Diophrys Dujardin, 1840
Family Aspidiscidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Euplotaspis Chatton & Séguéla, 1936

Genus Aspidisca Ehrenberg, [1830]
Family Certesiidae Borror & Hill, 1995

Genus Certesia Fabre-Domergue, 1885

Family Gastrocirrhidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1961

Genus Gastrocirrhus Lepsi, 1928

Genus Euplotidium Noland, 1937
Genus Cytharoides Tuffrau, 1974[1975]
Family Euplotidae Ehrenberg, 1838
 Genus Euplotes Ehrenberg, [1830]

Subclass Choreotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985

Order Tintinnida Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

Family Dictyocystidae Haeckel, 1873

Genus Dictyocysta Ehrenberg, 1854

Family Tintinnidiidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

Genus Tintinnidium Kent, 1881

Family Codonellidae Kent, 1881

Genus Tintinnopsis Stein, 1867

Genus Poroecus Cleve, 1902
Genus Codonella Haeckel, 1873
Genus Codonaria Kofoid & Campbell, 1939
Family Codonellopsidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

Genus Stenosemella Jörgensen, 1924

Genus Codonellopsis Jørgensen, 1925
Genus Laackmanniella Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
Family Nolaclusiliidae Sniezek et al., 1991

Genus Nolaclusilis Snyder & Brownlee, 1991

Family Metacylididae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

Genus Climacocylis Jørgensen, 1925

Genus Coxiella Brandt, 1908 [1907] [error, see Coxliella]
Genus Helicostomella Jörgensen, 1924
Genus Metacylis Jörgensen, 1924
Family Ascampbelliellidae Corliss, 1960

Genus Acanthostomella Jørgensen, 1927

Genus Ascampbelliella Corliss, 1960
Family Epiplocylididae Kofoid & Campbell, 1939

Genus Epiplocylis Jörgensen, 1924

Family Rhabdonellidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

Genus Protorhabdonella Jörgensen, 1924

Genus Rhabdonella Brandt, 1906
Genus Rhabdonellopsis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
Family Ptychocylidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929 [seePtychocylididae]

Genus Ptychocylis Brandt, 1896

Genus Rhabdonellposis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929 [error, see
Rhabdonellopsis]
Family Petalotrichidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

Genus Petalotricha Kent, 1881

Family Cyttarocylididae Kofoid & Campbell, 1939

Genus Cyttarocylis Fol, 1881

Family Xystonellidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

Genus Xystonella Brandt, 1906

Genus Cymatocylis Laackmann, 1910
Genus Favella Jörgensen, 1925
Genus Parafavella Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
Genus Parundella Jörgensen, 1924
Family Undellidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
 Genus Proplectella Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
Genus Undella Daday, 1887
Family Tintinnidae Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

Genus Tintinnus Schrank, 1803

Genus Eutintinnus Kofoid & Campbell, 1939
Genus Amphorellopsis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
Genus Salpingacantha Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
Genus Salpingella Jörgensen, 1924
Genus Amphorides Strand, 1929[1928]
Genus Steenstrupiella Kofoid & Campbell, 1929
Order Choreotrichida Small & Lynn, 1985

Suborder Strobilidiina Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Strobilidiidae Kahl, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Genus Strobilidium Schewiakoff, 1892

Suborder Strombidinopsina Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Strombidinopsidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Strombidinopsis Kent, 1881

Suborder Leegaardiellina Laval-Peuto et al., 1994

Family Leegaardiellidae Lynn & Montagnes, 1988

Genus Leegaardiella Lynn & Montagnes, 1988

Suborder Lohmanniellina Laval-Peuto et al., 1994

Family Leegaardiellidae Lynn & Montagnes, 1988

Genus Leegaardiella Lynn & Montagnes, 1988

Subclass Stichotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985

Order Plagiotomida Albaret, 1974

Family Plagiotomidae Bütschli, 1887

Genus Plagiotoma F. Dujardin, 1841

Order Urostylida Jankowski, 1979

Family Urostylidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Notocephalus Petz et al., 1995

Genus Eschaneustyla Stokes, 1886
Genus Birojima Berger & Foissner, 1989
Genus Urostyla Ehrenberg, 1830
Genus Australothrix Blatterer & Foissner, 1988
Genus Paruroleptus Kahl, 1932 [see Uroleptus Ehrenberg,
1831[1832]]
Genus Parabakuella Song & Wilbert, 1988
Genus Bakuella Agamaliev & Alekperov, 1976
Genus Holosticha Wrzesniowski, 1877
Genus Territricha Berger & Foissner, 1988
Family Pseudourostylidae Jankowski, 1979

Genus Pseudourostyla Borror, 1972

Family Pseudokeronopsidae Borror & Wicklow, 1983

Genus Thigmokeronopsis Wicklow, 1981

Genus Keronella Wiackowski, 1985
Genus Tricoronella Blatterer & Foissner, 1988
 Genus Bicoronella Foissner, 1995
Genus Pseudokeronopsis Borror & Wicklow, 1983
Order Stichotrichida Fauré-Fremiet, 1961

Family Spirofilidae von Gelei, 1929

Genus Chaetospira Lachmann, 1856

Genus Stichotricha Perty, 1849
Genus Hypotrichidium Ilowaisky, 1921
Genus Atractos Vörösváry, 1950
Genus Spiretella Borror, 1972
Genus Mucotrichidium Foissner et al., 1990
Genus Strongylidium Sterki, 1878
Genus Urostrongylum Kahl, 1932
Family Psilotrichidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Psilotricha Stein, 1859

Family Keronidae Dujardin, 1840

Genus Kerona Ehrenberg, 1835

Genus Keronopsis Penard, 1922
Genus Paraholosticha Kahl, 1932
Family Epiclintidae Wicklow & Borror, 1990

Genus Epiclintes Stein, 1863

Family Amphisiellidae Jankowski, 1979

Genus Psammomitra Borror, 1972

Genus Circinella Foissner, 1994
Genus Pseudouroleptus Hemberger, 1981
Genus Gastrostyla Engelmann, 1862
Genus Hemiamphisiella Foissner, 1988
Genus Paramphisiella Foissner, 1988
Genus Amphisiellides Foissner, 1988
Genus Paragastrostyla Hemberger, 1981
Genus Orthoamphisiella Eigner & Foissner, 1991
Genus Periholosticha Hemberger, 1985
Genus Uroleptoides Wenzel, 1953
Genus Amphisiella Gourret & Roeser, 1888
Family Kahliellidae Tuffrau, 1979

Genus Neogeneia Eigner, 1995

Genus Pseudokahliella Berger et al., 1985
Genus Kahliella Corliss, 1960
Genus Trachelochaeta Šrámek-Hušek, 1954
Genus Wallackia Foissner, 1977[1976]
Genus Paraurostyla Borror, 1972
Genus Parakahliella Berger et al., 1985
Genus Cladotricha Gaievskaia, 1925
Genus Parentocirrus Voss, 1997
Genus Engelmanniella Foissner, 1982
Genus Deviata Eigner, 1995
Order Sporadotrichida Fauré-Fremiet, 1961

Family Trachelostylidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Terricirra Berger & Foissner, 1989

Genus Hemisincirra Hemberger, 1985
Genus Trachelostyla Kahl, 1932
 Genus Lamtostyla Buitkamp, 1977
Genus Gonostomum Sterki, 1878
Family Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Ancystropodium Fauré-Fremiet, 1908

Genus Pleurotricha Stein, 1859
Genus Histriculus Corliss, 1960
Genus Parastylonychia Dragesco, 1963
Genus Tachysoma Stokes, 1887
Genus Laurentiella Dragesco & Njiné, 1972
Genus Onychodromus Stein, 1859
Genus Coniculostomum Njiné, 1979
Genus Onychodromopsis Stokes, 1887
Genus Cyrtohymena Foissner, 1987
Genus Pseudostrombidium Horváth, 1933
Genus Sterkiella Foissner et al., 1991
Genus Notohymena Blatterer & Foissner, 1988
Genus Steinia Diesing, 1866
Genus Australocirrus Blatterer & Foissner, 1988
Genus Stylonychia Ehrenberg, 1830
Genus Urosoma Kowalewski, 1882
Genus Urosomoida Hemberger, in Foissner, 1982
Genus Oxytricha Bory de Saint-Vincent, in Lamouroux et al., 1824
Subclass Oligotrichia Bütschli, 1889

Order Halteriida Petz & Foissner, 1992

Family Halteriidae Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

Genus Meseres Schewiakoff, 1893[1892]

Genus Halteria Dujardin, 1841
Genus Pelagohalteria Foissner et al., 1988
Order Strombidiida Petz & Foissner, 1992

Family Strombidiidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1970

Genus Tontonia Fauré-Fremiet, 1961

Genus Laboea Lohmann, 1908
Genus Cyrtostrombidium Lynn & Gilron, 1993
Genus Strombidium Claparède & Lachmann, 1859
Spirotrichea incertae sedis

?Order Armophorida Jankowski, 1964

Family Metopidae Kahl, 1927

Genus Bothrostoma Stokes, 1888

Genus Palmarella Jankowski, 1975
Genus Tesnospira Jankowski, 1964
Genus Brachonella Jankowski, 1964
Genus Eometopus Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Metopus Claparède & Lachmann, 1858
Genus Parametopus Grolière et al., 1980 [seeParametopidium
Aescht, 2001]
Family Caenomorphidae Poche, 1913

Genus Cirranter Jankowski, 1964

Genus Caenomorpha Perty, 1852
Genus Ludio Penard, 1922
 ?Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940

Family Mylestomatidae Kahl, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Genus Mylestoma Kahl, 1928

Family Discomorphellidae Corliss, 1960

Genus Discomorphella Corliss, 1960

Family Epalxellidae Corliss, 1960

Genus Atopodinium Kahl, 1932

Genus Epalxella Corliss, 1960
Genus Saprodinium Lauterborn, 1908
?Order Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain, 1976

Family Clevelandellidae Kidder, 1938

Genus Clevelandella Kidder, 1938

Family Nyctotheridae Amaro, 1972

Genus Pronyctotherus Albaret & Njiné, 1976

Genus Nyctotherus Leidy, 1849
Genus Nyctositum Affa'a, 1979
Genus Pygmotheroides Affa'a, 1979 [1980]
Genus Nyctotheroides Grassé, 1928
Genus Metanyctotherus J.-L. Albaret, 1970
Genus Paracichlidotherus Grim, 1992
Genus Cichlidotherus Affa'a, 1989
Family Sicuophoridae Amaro, 1972

Genus Prosicuophora de Puytorac & Oktem, 1967

Genus Metasicuophora Albaret, 1973
Genus Parasicuophora Albaret, 1968
Genus Sicuophora de Puytorac & Grain, 1969 [1968]
Family Neonyctotheridae Affa'a, 1987

Genus Neonyctotherus Affa'a, 1983

?Order Phacodiniida Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Phacodiniidae Corliss, 1979

Genus Phacodinium Prowazek, 1900

Class Litostomatea

Class Litostomatea Small & Lynn, 1981

Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974

Order Cyclotrichida Jankowski, 1980 [see OrderCyclotrichiida Jankowski, 1980]

Family Mesodiniidae Jankowski, 1980

Genus Myrionecta Jankowski, 1976

Genus Mesodinium Stein, 1862[1863]
Genus Rhabdoaskenasia Krainer & Foissner, 1990
Genus Askenasia Blochmann, 1895
Genus Pelagovasicola Jankowski, 1980
Order Haptorida Corliss, 1974

Family Pseudoholophryidae Berger et al., 1984

 Genus Paraenchelys Foissner, 1983
Genus Pseudoholophrya Berger et al., 1984
Genus Ovalorhabdos Foissner, 1984
Family Didiniidae Poche, 1913

Genus Didinium Stein, 1859

Genus Monodinium Fabre-Domergue, 1888
Genus Cyclotrichium Meunier, 1910
Family PseudotrachelocercidaeSong, 1990

Genus Pseudotrachelocerca Song, 1990

Family Actinobolinidae Kahl, 1930

Genus Actinobolina Strand, 1928

Family Tracheliidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Teuthophrys Chatton & de Beauchamp, 1923

Genus Paradileptus Wenrich, 1929
Genus Trachelius Schrank, 1803
Genus Dileptus Dujardin, 1840
Family Helicoprorodontidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Helicoprorodon Fauré-Fremiet, 1950

Family Pleuroplitidae Foissner, 1996

Genus Pleuroplites Foissner, 1988

Family Lacrymariidae de Fromentel, 1876

Genus Phialina Bory de St. Vincent, 1824

Genus Lacrymaria Bory de St. Vincent, 1826[1824]
Family Homalozoonidae Jankowski, 1980

Genus Homalozoon Stokes, 1890

Family Enchelyidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Papillorhabdos Foissner, 1984

Genus Enchelys O.F. Müller, 1773
Genus Enchelydium Kahl, 1930
Family Acropisthiidae Foissner & Foissner, 1988

Genus Fuscheria Foissner, 1983

Genus Acropisthium Perty, 1852
Family Spathidiidae Kahl, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Genus Bryophyllum Kahl, 1931

Genus Perispira Stein, 1859
Genus Myriokaryon Jankowski, 1973
Genus Cranotheridium Schewiakoff, 1892
Genus Protospathidium Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1979
Genus Spathidium Dujardin, 1841
Genus Supraspathidium Foissner & Didier, 1981
Genus Arcuospathidium Foissner, 1984
Genus Epispathidium Foissner, 1984
Family Trachelophyllidae Kent, 1882

Genus LepidotrachelophyllumNicholls & Lynn, 1984

Genus Foissnerides Song & Wilbert, 1989
Genus Chaenea Quennerstedt, 1867
Genus Acaryophrya André, 1915
Genus Enchelyodon Claparède & Lachmann, 1859
 Genus Lagynophrya Kahl, 1927
Genus Trachelophyllum Claparède & Lachmann, 1859
Order Pleurostomatida Schewiakoff, 1896

Family Amphileptidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Opisthodon Stein, 1859

Genus Amphileptus Ehrenberg, 1832[1830]
Genus Pseudoamphileptus Foissner, 1983
Family Litonotidae Kent, 1882

Genus Loxophyllum Dujardin, 1841

Genus Siroloxophyllum Foissner & Leipe, 1995
Genus Litonotus Wrzesniowski, 1870
Genus Acineria Dujardin, 1841
Subclass Trichostomatia Bütschli, 1889

Order Vestibuliferida de Puytorac et al., 1974

Family Paraisotrichidae da Cunha, 1917

Genus Paraisotricha Fiorentini, 1890

Family Isotrichidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Dasytricha Schuberg, 1888

Genus Isotricha Stein, 1859
Family Balantidiidae Reichenow, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Genus Balantidium Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

Family Pycnotrichidae Poche, 1913

Genus Vestibulongum Grim, 1988

Order Entodiniomorphida Reichenow, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Suborder Archistomatina de Puytorac et al., 1974

Family Buetschliidae Poche, 1913

Genus Wolskana Ito et al., 1996

Genus Polymorphella Corliss, 1960
Genus Didesmis Fiorentini, 1890
Genus Alloiozona Hsiung, 1930
Suborder Blepharocorythina Wolska, 1971

Family Blepharocorythidae Hsiung, 1929

Genus Circodinium Wolska, 1971

Genus Raabena Wolska, 1967
Genus Blepharocorys Bundle, 1895
Genus Ochoterenaia Chavarr
Suborder Entodiniomorphina Reichenow, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Family Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1859

Genus Entodinium Stein, 1859

Genus Ophryoscolex Stein, 1859
Genus Eudiplodinium Dogiel, 1927
Genus Ostracodinium Dogiel, 1927
Genus Enoploplastron Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932
Family Cycloposthiidae Poche, 1913

Genus Cycloposthium Bundle, 1895

 Genus Triplumaria Hoare, 1937
Genus Prototapirella da Cunha, 1918
Family Spirodiniidae Strelkow, 1939

Genus Cochliatoxum Gassovsky, 1919

Family Troglodytellidae Corliss, 1979

Genus Gorillophilus Imai et al., 1991

Genus Troglodytella Brumpt & Joyeux, 1912

Classs Phyllopharyngea

Class Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac et al., 1974

Subclass Phyllopharyngia de Puytorac et al., 1974 [see SubclassCyrtophoria Fauré-

Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956]

Order Chlamydodontida Deroux, 1976

Family Kryoprorodontidae Alekperov & Mamajeva, 1992

Genus Gymnozoum Meunier, 1910

Family Chitonellidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Chitonella Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Gastronautidae Deroux, 1994

Genus Gastronauta Engelmann, in Bütschli, 1889

Family Chlamydodontidae Stein, 1859

Genus Chlamydodon Ehrenberg, 1835

Genus Cyrtophoron Deroux, 1975
Family Chilodonellidae Deroux, 1970

Genus Thigmogaster Deroux, 1976

Genus Trithigmostoma Jankowski, 1967
Genus Phascolodon Stein, 1859
Genus Chilodonatella Dragesco, 1966
Genus Chilodonella Strand, 1928
Genus Pseudochilodonopsis Foissner, 1979
Family Lynchellidae Jankowski, 1968

Genus Coeloperix Deroux, 1976

Genus Chlamydonellopsis Blatterer & Foissner, 1990
Genus Atopochilodon Kahl, 1933
Genus Lynchella Kahl, 1933
Genus Chlamydonella Deroux, 1970
Order Dysteriida Deroux, 1976

Family Kyaroikeidae Sniezek & Coats, 1996

Genus Kyaroikeus Sniezek et al., 1995

Family Plesiotrichopidae Deroux, 1976

Genus Pithites Deroux & Dragesco, 1968

Genus Atelepithites Deroux, 1976
Genus Trochochilodon Deroux, 1976
Genus Plesiotrichopus Fauré-Fremiet, 1965
Family Hartmannulidae Poche, 1913
 Genus Aegyriana Deroux, 1975,
Genus Trichopodiella Corliss, 1960
Genus Microxysma Deroux, 1976
Genus Brooklynella Lom & Nigrelli, 1970
Genus Orthotrochilia Deroux, 1976
Genus Trochilioides Kahl, 1931
Genus Hartmannula Poche, 1913
Family Dysteriidae Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

Genus Microdysteria Kahl, 1933

Genus Hartmannulopsis Deroux & Dragesco, 1968
Genus Dysteria Huxley, 1857
Genus Trochilia Dujardin, 1841
Subclass Rhynchodia Chatton & Lwoff, 1939

Order Hypocomatida Deroux, 1976

Family Hypocomidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Crateristoma Jankowski, 1967

Genus Parahypocoma Chatton & Lwoff, 1939
Genus Hypocoma Gruber, 1884
Order Rhynchodida Chatton & Lwoff, 1939

Suborder Rhynchodina Chatton & Lwoff, 1939

Family Sphenophryidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1921

Genus Sphenophrya Chatton & Lwof

Suborder Ancistrocomina Chatton & Lwoff, 1939

Family Ancistrocomidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1939

Genus Stegotricha Bower & Meyer, 1993

Genus Ancistrocoma Chatton & Lwoff, 1926
Genus Insignicoma Kozloff, 1946
Genus Hypocomides Chatton & Lwoff, 1922
Genus Crebricoma Kozloff, 1946
Genus Raabella Chatton & Lwoff, 1950
Genus Hypocomatidium Jarocki & Raabe, 1932
Genus Colligocineta Kozloff, 1965
Genus Hypocomella Chatton & Lwoff, 1924
Genus Ignotocoma Kozloff, 1961

Subclass Chonotrichia Wallengren, 1895

Order Cryptogemmida Jankowski, 1975

Family Actinichonidae Jankowski, 1973

Genus Actinichona Jankowski, 1973

Genus Cristichona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Rhizochona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Carinichona Jankowski, 1973
Family Isochonopsidae Batisse & Crumeyrolle, 1988

Genus Isochonopsis Batisse & Crumeyrolle, 1988

Family Isochonidae Jankowski, 1973

Genus Isochona Jankowski, 1973

Genus Trichochona Mohr, 1948
Family Inversochonidae Jankowski, 1973
 Genus Pleochona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Inversochona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Chonosaurus Jankowski, 1973
Genus Ceratochona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Kentrochona Rompel, 1894
Family Stylochonidae Mohr, 1948

Genus Spinichona Jankowski, 1973

Genus Dentichona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Oxychonina Corliss, 1979
Genus Eriochona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Stylochona Kent, 1881
Genus Armichona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Flectichona Jankowski, 1973
Family Echinichonidae Jankowski, 1973

Genus Coronochona Jankowski, 1973

Genus Echinichona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Eurychona Jankowski, 1973
Order Exogemmida Jankowski, 1972

Family Phyllochonidae Jankowski, 1972

Genus Phyllochona Jankowski, 1972

Family Chilodochonidae Wallengren, 1895

Genus Chilodochona Wallengren, 1895

Genus Vasichona Jankowski, 1972
Family Spirochonidae Stein, 1854

Genus Spirochona Stein, 1852

Genus Cavichona Jankowski, 1973
Genus Serpentichona Jankowski, 1973
Family Filichonidae Jankowski, 1973

Genus Filichona Jankowski, 1973

Genus Aurichona Jankowski, 1973
Family Heliochonidae Jankowski, 1972

Genus Heliochona Plate, 1888[1889]

Genus Heterochona Jankowski, 1972
Family Lobochonidae Jankowski, 1967

Genus Toxochona Jankowski, 1972

Genus Oenophorachona Matsudo & Mohr, 1968
Genus Physochona Batisse & Crumeyrolle, 1988
Genus Lobochona Dons, 1940
Subclass Suctoria Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

Order Exogenida Collin, 1912

Family Phalacrocleptidae Kozloff, 1966

Genus Phalacrocleptes Kozloff, 1966

Family Stylostomatidae Batisse, 1975

Genus Stylostoma Milne, 1886

Family Rhabdophryidae Jankowski, 1970

Genus Trophogemma Jankowski, 1970

Genus Dendrosomides Collin, 1905
 Family Ophryodendridae Stein, 1867

Genus Loricodendron Jankowski, 1973

Genus Ophryodendron Claparède & Lachmann, 1859
Family Spelaeophryidae Jankowski, in Batisse, 1975

Genus Spelaeophrya Stammer, 1935

Family Ephelotidae Kent, 1882

Genus Ephelota Wright, 1858

Family Parapodophryidae Jankowski, 1973

Genus Parapodophrya Kahl, 1931

Family Podophryidae Haeckel, 1866

Genus Mucophrya Gajewskaja, 1928

Genus Manuelophrya Matthes, in Matthes & Haider, 1988
Genus Gajewskajophrya Matthes, in Matthes & Haider, 1988
Genus Sphaerophrya Claparède & Lachmann, 1859
Genus Kystopus Jankowski, 1967
Genus Podophrya Ehrenberg, [1834]
Family Tachyblastonidae Grell, 1950

Genus Tachyblaston Martin, 1909

Family Metacinetidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Metacineta Bütschli, 1889

Family Thecacinetidae D. Matthes, 1956

Genus Thecacineta Collin, 1909

Family Paracinetidae Jankowski, 1978

Genus Paracineta Collin, 1911

Family Urnulidae Fraipont, 1878

Genus Urnula Claparède & Lachmann, 1857

Family Corynophryidae Jankowski, 1981

Genus Corynophrya Kahl, 1934

Order Endogenida Collin, 1912

Family Dendrosomatidae Fraipont, 1878

Genus Dendrosoma Ehrenberg, 1837[1838]

Genus Lernaeophrya Pérez, 1903
Family Trichophryidae Fraipont, 1878

Genus Trichophrya Claparède & Lachmann, 1859

Genus Platophrya Gönnert, 1935
Genus Heliophrya de Saedeleer & Tellier, 1933
Family Enchelyomorphidae Augustin & Foissner, 1992

Genus Enchelyomorpha Kahl, 1930

Family Endosphaeridae Jankowski, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Endosphaera Engelmann, 1876

Genus Trypanococcus Stein, in Zacharias, 1885
Family Acinetidae Stein, 1859

Genus Pseudogemma Collin, 1909

Genus Acinetopsis Robin, 1879
Genus Solenophrya Claparède & Lachmann, 1859
Genus Acineta Ehrenberg, [1834]
 Genus Pseudocorynophrya Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Loricophrya Matthes, 1956
Family Tokophryidae Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Erastophrya Fauré-Fremiet, 1944

Genus Rhyncheta Zenker, 1866
Genus Choanophrya Hartog, 1902
Genus Tokophrya Bütschli, 1889
Genus Staurophrya Zacharias, 1893
Genus Allantosoma Gassovsky, 1919
Genus Pottsiocles Corliss, 1960
Order Evaginogenida Jankowski, 1978

Family Cyathodiniidae da Cunha, 1914

Genus Cyathodinium da Cunha, 1914

Family Dendrocometidae Haeckel, 1866

Genus Stylocometes Stein, 1867

Genus Cometodendron Swarczewsky, 1928
Genus Dendrocometides Swarczewsky, 1928
Genus Dendrocometes Stein, 1852
Family Discophryidae Collin, 1912

Genus Dactylosoma Jankowski, 1967 [error, see Dactylostoma]

Genus Rhynchophrya Collin, 1909
Genus Cyclophrya Gönnert, 1935
Genus Prodiscophrya Kormos, 1935
Genus Periacineta Collin, 1909
Genus Discophrya Lachmann, 1859

Class Nassophorea

Class Nassophorea Small & Lynn, 1981

Order Synhymeniida de Puytorac et al., 1974

Family Nassulopsidae Deroux, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Phasmatopsis Deroux, 1978 [see Beersena Jankowski, 1989]

Genus Nassulopsis Fauré-Fremiet, 1959
Family Synhymeniidae Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Synhymenia Jankowski, 1967

Family Orthodonellidae Jankowski, 1968

Genus Orthodonella Bhatia, 1936

Genus Zosterodasys Deroux, 1978
Family Scaphidiodontidae Deroux, 1978

Genus Chilodontopsis Blochmann, 1895

Genus Scaphidiodon Stein, 1859
Order Nassulida Jankowski, 1967

Family Nassulidae de Fromentel, 1874

Genus Nassula Ehrenberg, 1833[1834]

Genus Obertrumia Foissner & Adam, 1981
Genus Naxella Foissner & O'Donoghue, 1990
 Genus Rhinakis Iftode et al., in Deroux, 1994
Family Furgasoniidae Corliss, 1979

Genus Furgasonia Jankowski, 1964

Genus Parafurgasonia Foissner & Adam, 1981
Family Paranassulidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1962

Genus Paranassula Kahl, 1931

Genus Enneameron Jankowski, 1964
Family Colpodidiidae Foissner, 1995

Genus Pedohymena Foissner, 1995

Genus Colpodidium Wilbert, 1982
Order Microthoracida Jankowski, 1967

Family Discotrichidae Jankowski, 1967

Genus Discotricha Tuffrau, 1954

Family Microthoracidae Wrzesniowski, 1870

Genus Trochiliopsis Penard, 1922

Genus Stammeridium Wenzel, 1969
Genus Microthorax Engelmann, 1862
Genus Drepanomonas Fresenius, 1858
Genus Leptopharynx Mermod, 1914
Family PseudomicrothoracidaeJankowski, 1967

Genus Pseudomicrothorax Mermod, 1914

Class Colpodea

Class Colpodea Small & Lynn, 1981

Order Bryophryida de Puytorac et al., 1979

Family Bryophryidae de Puytorac et al., 1979

Genus Parabryophrya Foissner, 1985

Genus Bryophrya Wenzel, 1953
Genus Puytoraciella Njiné, 1979
Order Colpodida de Puytorac et al., 1974

Family Grossglockneriidae Foissner, 1980

Genus Grossglockneria Foissner, 1980

Genus Pseudoplatyophyra [error, see Pseudoplatyophrya Foissner, 1980]
Family Marynidae Poche, 1913

Genus Ilsiella Foissner, 1987

Genus Maryna Gruber, 1879
Family Colpodidae Bory de St. Vincent, 1826

Genus Bresslaua Kahl, 1931

Genus Krassniggia Foissner, 1987
Genus Colpoda O.F. Müller, 1773
Family Hausmanniellidae Foissner, 1987

Genus Kalometopia Bramy, 1962

Genus Hausmanniella Foissner, 1984
Family Bardeliellidae Foissner, 1984
 Genus Bardeliella Foissner, 1984
Order Cyrtolophosidida Foissner, 1978

Family Cyrtolophosididae Stokes, 1888

Genus Cyrtolophosis Stokes, 1885

Family Sagittariidae R. Grandori & L. Grandori, 1935

Genus Sagittaria R. Grandori & L. Grandori, 1934

Family Woodruffiidae von Gelei, 1954

Genus Woodruffia Kahl, 1931

Genus Rostrophrya Njiné, 1979
Genus Kuklikophrya Njiné, 1979
Family Platyophryidae de Puytorac et al., 1979

Genus Reticulowoodruffia Foissner, 1993

Genus Cirrophrya Gellért, 1950
Genus Platyophrya Kahl, 1926
Order Bursariomorphida Fernández-Galiano, 1978

Family Bursariidae Bory de St. Vincent, 1826

Genus Bursaria O.F. Müller, 1773

Family Bursaridiidae Foissner, 1993

Genus Bursaridium Lauterborn, 1894

Genus Paracondylostoma Foissner, 1980
Order Sorogenida Foissner, 1985

Family Sorogenidae Bradbury & Olive, 1980

Genus Sorogena Bradbury & Olive, 1980

Order Bryometopida Foissner, 1985

Family Jaroschiidae Foissner, 1993

Genus Jaroschia Foissner, 1993

Genus Pentahymena Foissner, 1994
Family Trihymenidae Foissner, 1988

Genus Trihymena Foissner, 1988

Family Bryometopidae Jankowski, 1980

Genus Thylakidium Schewiakoff, 1892

Genus Bryometopus Kahl, 1932
Family Kreyellidae Foissner, 1979

Genus Kreyella Kahl, 1931

Genus Orthokreyella Foissner, 1984
?Family PseudochlamydonellidaeBuitkamp et al., 1989

Genus Pseudochlamydonella Buitkamp et al., 1989

?Family Tectohymenidae Foissner, 1993

Genus Pseudokreyella Foissner, 1985

Genus Tectohymena Foissner, 1993

Class Prostomatea
 Class Prostomatea Schewiakoff, 1896

Order Prostomatida Schewiakoff, 1896

Family Apsiktratidae Foissner et al., 1994

Genus Apsiktrata Foissner et al., 1994

Family Metacystidae Kahl, 1926

Genus Metacystis Cohn, 1866

Genus Pelatractus Kahl, 1930
Genus Vasicola Tatem, 1869
Order Prorodontida Corliss, 1974

Family Plagiocampidae Kahl, 1926

Genus Plagiocampa Schewiakoff, 1892

Family Malacophryidae Foissner, 1980

Genus Malacophrys Kahl, 1926

Family Balanionidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Balanion Wulff, 1922[1919]

Family Urotrichidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Dissothigma Jankowski, 1976

Genus Urotricha Claparède & Lachmann, 1859
Genus Rhagadostoma Kahl, 1926
Family Placidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Placus Cohn, 1866

Genus Spathidiopsis Fabre-Domergue, 1889
Family Colepidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Tiarina Bergh, 1881

Genus Plagiopogon Stein, 1859
Genus Macrocoleps Obolkina, 1995
Genus Coleps Nitzsch, 1827
Genus Planicoleps Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1991
Family Lagynidae Sola et al., 1990

Genus Lagynus Quennerstedt, 1867

Family Prorodontidae Kent, 1881

Genus Prorodon Ehrenberg, 1833[1834]

Family Holophryidae Perty, 1852

Genus Pleurofragma Jankowski, 1976

Genus Holophrya Ehrenberg, 1831
Genus Bursellopsis Corliss, 1960

Class Plagiopylea

Class Plagiopylea Small & Lynn, 1985

Order Plagiopylida Jankowski, 1978

Family Trimyemidae Kahl, 1926

Genus Trimyema Lackey, 1925

Family Sonderiidae Small & Lynn, 1985
 Genus Parasonderia Fauré-Fremiet, 1973
Family Plagiopylidae Schewiakoff, 1896

Genus Plagiopyla Stein, 1860

Genus Lechriopyla Lynch, 1930
Genus Pseudoplagiopyla Small & Lynn, 1985

Class Oligohymenophorea

Class Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al., 1974

Subclass Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956

Order Peniculida Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956

Suborder Frontoniina Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Lembadionidae Jankowski, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Lembadion Perty, 1849

Family Maritujidae Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Marituja Gajewskaja, 1928

Family Stokesiidae Roque, 1961

Genus Stokesia Wenrich, 1929

Family Clathrostomatidae Kahl, 1926

Genus Clathrostoma Penard, [1921]

Family Frontoniidae Kahl, 1926

Genus Disematostoma Lauterborn, 1894

Genus Wenrichia Jankowski, 1967
Genus Didieria Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Frontonia Ehrenberg, 1838
Genus Paraclathrostoma Small & Lynn, 1985
Suborder Parameciina Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Family Urocentridae Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

Genus Urocentrum Nitzsch, 1827

Family Neobursaridiidae Dragesco & Tuffrau, 1967

Genus Neobursaridium Balech, 1941

Family Parameciidae Dujardin, 1840

Genus Paramecium O.F. Müller, 1773

Subclass Scuticociliatia Small, 1967

Order Philasterida Small, 1967

Family Thigmophryidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1926

Genus Thigmophrya Chatton & Lwoff, 1923

Family Urozonidae Grolière, 1975

Genus Urozona Schewiakoff, 1889

Family Cinetochilidae Perty, 1852

Genus Cinetochilum Perty, 1849

Genus Sphenostomella Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985
Family Loxocephalidae A.W. Jankowski, 1964
 Genus Balanonema Kahl, 1931
Genus Cardiostomatella Corliss, 1960
Genus Paraloxocephalus Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Loxocephalus Eberhard, 1862
Genus Paradexiotricha Grolière, 1975
Genus Paratetrahymena Thompson, 1963
Genus Dexiotricha Stokes, 1885
Family Pseudocohnilembidae Evans & Thompson, 1964

Genus Pseudocohnilembus Evans & Thompson, 1964

Family Uronematidae Thompson, 1964

Genus Uronema Dujardin, 1841

Genus Uropedalium Kahl, 1928
Genus Urocyclon Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Homalogastra Kahl, 1926
Family Entorhipidiidae Madsen, 1931

Genus Entorhipidium Lynch, 1929

Family Entodiscidae Jankowski, 1973

Genus Entodiscus Madsen, 1931

Family Cryptochilidae Berger, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Biggaria Kahl, 1934

Family Cohnilembidae Kahl, 1933

Genus Cohnilembus Kahl, 1933

Family Philasteridae Kahl, 1931

Genus Philaster Fabre-Domergue, 1885

Genus Philasterides Kahl, 1931
Genus Paraphilaster Grolière et al., 1978
Family Thyrophylacidae Berger, in Corliss, 1961

Genus Plagiopyliella Poljansky, 1951

Genus Thyrophylax Berger, in Corliss, 1961
Family Paralembidae Corliss & de Puytorac, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Magnalembus Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Cryptolembus Gunderson, 1985
Genus Ovolembus Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Mesolembus Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Paralembus Kahl, 1933
Family Orchitophryidae Cépède, 1910

Genus Mugardia Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Anophryoides de Puytorac & Grolière, 1979
Genus Mesanophrys Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Metanophrys de Puytorac et al., 1974
Genus Paranophrys Thompson & Berger, 1965
Genus Orchitophrya Cépède, 1907
Family Parauronematidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Glauconema Thompson, 1966

Genus Parauronema Thompson, 1967
Genus Miamiensis Thompson & Moewus, 1964
Genus Potomacus Thompson, 1966
Order Pleuronematida Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956
 Family Calyptotrichidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Calyptotricha Phillips, 1882

Family Ctedoctematidae Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Compsosomella Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Hippocomos Czapik & Jordan, 1977
Genus Ctedoctema Stokes, 1884
Genus Paractedoctema Small & Lynn, 1985
Family Histiobalantiidae de Puytorac & Corliss, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Histiobalantium Stokes, 1886

Family Peniculistomatidae Fenchel, 1965

Genus Peniculistoma Jankowski, 1964

Genus Echinosociella Berger, in Small & Lynn, 1985
Family Pleuronematidae Kent, 1881

Genus Schizocalyptra J. Dragesco, 1968

Genus Pleurocoptes Wallengren, 1896
Genus Pleuronema Dujardin, 1841
Family Dragescoidae Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985

Genus Dragescoa Jankowski, 1974

Family Cyclidiidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Cristigera Roux, 1899

Genus Pseudocyclidium Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Echinocyclidium Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Cyclidium O.F. Müller, 1773
Genus Paurotricha Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1991
Genus Paracyclidium Grolière et al., 1980
Genus Isocyclidium Esteban et al., 1993
Family Conchophthiridae Kahl, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

Genus Conchophthirus Stein, 1861

Family Thigmocomidae Kazubski, 1958

Genus Thigmocoma Kazubski, 1958

Order Thigmotrichida Chatton & Lwoff, 1922

Family Ancistridae Issel, 1903

Genus Ancistrumina Raabe, 1959

Genus Protophrya Kofoid, 1903
Genus Ancistrum Maupas, 1883
Family Hemispeiridae König, 1894

Genus Ancistrospira Chatton & Lwoff, 1926

Genus Hemispeira Fabre-Domergue, 1888
Genus Plagiospira Issel, 1903
Genus Proboveria Chatton & Lwoff, 1936
Genus Boveria Stevens, 1901
Family Hysterocinetidae Diesing, 1866

Genus Kozloffia de Puytorac, 1968

Genus Raabellocineta de Puytorac et al., 1979
Genus Hysterocineta Diesing, 1866
Genus Ptychostomum Stein, 1860
Family Paraptychostomidae Ngassam et al., in de Puytorac, 1994
 Genus Paraptychostomum Ngassam et al., in de Puytorac,
1994

Subclass Hymenostomatia (Delage & Hérouard, 1896) Cavalier-Smith, 1993

Order Hymenostomatida Delage & Hérouard, 1896

Suborder Tetrahymenina Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956

Family Curimostomatidae Jankowski, 1968

Genus Curimostoma Kozloff, 1954

Family Spirozonidae Kahl, 1926

Genus Spirozona Kahl, 1926

Genus Stegochilum Schewiakoff, 1893
Family Tetrahymenidae Corliss, 1952

Genus Tetrahymena Furgason, 1940

Genus Lambornella Keilin, 1921
Genus Deltopylum Fauré-Fremiet & Mugard, 1947
Family Turaniellidae Didier, 1971

Genus Colpidium Stein, 1860

Genus Turaniella Corliss, 1960
Family Glaucomidae Corliss, 1971
Suborder Ophryoglenina Canella, 1964

Family Ichthyophthiriidae Kent, 1881

Genus Ichthyophthirius Fouquet, 1876

Family Ophryoglenidae Kent, 1881

Genus Glaucomella Grolière, 1977

Genus Epenardia Corliss, 1971
Genus Glaucoma Ehrenberg, 1830
Genus Jaocorlissia Small & Lynn, 1985
Genus Espejoia Bürger, 1908
Genus Bursostoma Vörösváry, 1950

Subclass Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff, 1928

Order Pilisuctorida Jankowski, 1966

Family Conidophryidae Kirby, 1941

Genus Conidophrys Chatton & Lwoff, 1934

Genus Askoella Fenchel, 1965
Genus Ascophrys Campillo & Deroux, 1974
Order Astomatophorida Jankowski, 1966

Family Opalinopsidae Hartog, 1906

Genus Chromidina Gonder, 1905

Order Apostomatida Chatton & Lwoff, 1928

Family Colliniidae Cépède, 1910

Genus Collinia Cépède, 1910

Family Foettingeriidae Chatton, 1911

Genus Spirophrya Chatton & Lwoff, 1924

Genus Phtorophrya A. Chatton & M. Lwoff, 1930
Genus Phoretophrya A. Chatton & M. Lwoff, 1930
Genus Hyalophysa P.C. Bradbury, 1966
 Genus Gymnodiniodes Minkiewicz, 1912 [error, see Gymnodinioides]
Subclass Peritrichia (Stein, 1859) Cavalier-Smith, 1993

Order Sessilida Kahl, 1933

Family Termitophryidae Lom, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Termitophya Noirot & Noirot-Timothée, 1959 [error, see

Termitophrya]
Family Astylozoidae Kahl, 1935

Genus Hastatella Erlanger, 1890

Genus Astylozoon Engelmann, 1862
Family Opisthonectidae Foissner, 1976

Genus Opisthonecta Fauré-Fremiet, 1906

Genus Telotrochidium Kent, 1881
Family Ophrydiidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Ophrydium Bory de St. Vincent, 1827

Family Vaginicolidae de Fromentel, 1874

Genus Platycola Kent, 1882

Genus Pyxicola Kent, 1882
Genus Cothurnia Ehrenberg, 1832
Genus Thuricola Kent, 1881
Genus Vaginicola Lamarck, 1816
Family Ellobiophryidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1923

Genus Ellobiophrya Chatton & Lwoff, 1923

Family Lagenophryidae Bütschli, 1889

Genus Operculigera Kane, 1969

Genus Paralagenophrys Clamp, 1987
Genus Clistolagenophrys Clamp, 1991
Genus Setonophrys Jankowski, 1986
Genus Lagenophrys Stein, 1852
Genus Stylohedra Kellicott, 1884
Family Usconophryidae Clamp, 1991

Genus Usconophrys Jankowski, 1985

Family Rovinjellidae Matthes, 1972

Genus Rovinjella Matthes, 1972

Family Vorticellidae Ehrenberg, 1838

Genus Vorticella Linnaeus, 1767

Genus Carchesium Ehrenberg, 1832[1830]
Genus Ruthiella Schödel, 1983
Genus Intranstylum Fauré-Fremiet, 1904
Family Zoothamniidae Sommer, 1951

Genus Zoothamnium Bory de St. Vincent, 1826

Family Operculariidae Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Bezedniella Stloukal & Matis, 1994

Genus Opercularia Goldfuss, 1820
Genus Orbopercularia Lust, 1950
Genus Propyxidium Corliss, 1979
Genus Ampullaster Jankowski
Family Scyphidiidae Kahl, 1933
 Genus Paravorticella Kahl, 1933
Genus Ambiphrya Raabe, 1952
Genus Scyphidia Dujardin, 1841
Family Epistylididae Kahl, 1933

Genus Rhabdostyla Kent, 1881

Genus Apiosoma Blanchard, 1885
Genus Nidula Gajewskaja, 1933
Genus Campanella Goldfuss, 1820
Genus Heteropolaria Foissner & Schubert, 1977
Genus Epistylis Ehrenberg, 1830
Order Mobilida Kahl, 1933

Family Trichodinidae Claus, 1874

Genus Pallitrichodina van As & Basson, 1993

Genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, [1830]
Genus Vauchomia Mueller, 1938
Family Urceolariidae Dujardin, 1840

Genus Urceolaria Stein, 1854

Family Leiotrochidae Johnston, 1938

Genus Leiotrocha Fabre-Domergue, 1888

Family Polycyclidae Poljansky, 1951

Genus Polycycla Poljansky, 1951

Family Trichodinopsidae Kent, 1881

Genus Trichodinopsis Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

Subclass Astomatia Schewiakoff, 1896

Order Astomatida Schewiakoff, 1896

Family Anoplophryidae Cépède, 1910

Genus Njinella Ngassam, 1983

Genus Almophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968
Genus Anoplophrya Stein, 1860
Family Haptophryidae Cépède, 1910

Genus Steinella Cépède, 1910

Genus Cepedietta Kay, 1942
Genus Haptophrya Stein, 1867
Family Clausilocolidae de Puytorac, in Corliss, 1979

Genus Haptophryopsis de Puytorac, 1971

Genus Clausilocola Lom, 1959
Family Maupasellidae Cépède, 1910

Genus Maupasella Cépède, 1910

Family Intoshellinidae Cépède, 1910

Genus Intoshellina Cépède, 1910

Family Contophryidae de Puytorac, 1972

Genus Contophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968

Genus Dicontophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968
Family Radiophryidae de Puytorac, 1972

Genus Acanthodiophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968

Genus Mrazekiella Kijenskii, 1926
 Genus Helella Kaczanowski, 1961
Genus Anthonyella Delphy, 1936
Genus Radiophrya Rossolimo, 1926
Genus Metaracoelophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1969
Genus Metaradiophrya Heidenreich, 1935
Family Hoplitophryidae Cheissin, 1930

Genus Hoplitophrya Stein, 1860

Genus Delphyella de Puytorac, 1969
Genus Buetschliellopsis de Puytorac, 1954
Genus Juxtaradiophrya de Puytorac, 1954
Genus Radiophryoides Lom, 1956

Hausmann et al. (2003)

Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann, R. Radek.Protistology. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchshandlung, Stuttgart, 2003.

Empire Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 (= Eukarya)

Phylum Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1992

Subphylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Superclass Postciliodesmatophora Gerassimova & Seravin, 1976

Class Karyorelictea Corliss, 1974

Order Protostomatida
Order Loxodida
Order Protoheterotrichida
Class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859

Order Licnophorida
Order Heterotrichida
Superclass Intramacronucleata Lynn, 1996

Class Spirotrichea Bütschli, 1889

Subclass Protocruziidia Puytorac et al. 1987

Subclass Phacodiniidia Small & Lynn, 1985
Subclass Hypotrichia Stein, 1859
Subclass Oligotrichia Bütschli, 1889
Subclass Choreotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985
Subclass Stichotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985
Class Litostomatea Small & Lynn, 1981

Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974

Subclass Trichostomatia Bütschli, 1889
Class Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac, 1974

Subclass Phyllopharyngia de Puytorac, 1974

Subclass Rhynchodia Chatton & Lwoff, 1937
Subclass Chonotrichia Wallengren, 1895
Subclass Suctoria Claparede & Lachmann, 1858
Class Nassophorea Small & Lynn, 1981

Order Synhymeniida de Puytorac et al., 1974

Order Nassulida Jankowski, 1967
Order Microthoracida Jankowski,1967
Class Colpodea Small & Lynn, 1981
 Class Prostomatea Schewiakoff, 1896
Class Plagiopylea Small & Lynn, 1985
Class Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al., 1974

Subclass Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet, 1956.

Subclass Scuticociliatia Small, 1967
Subclass Hymenostomatia Dellage & Herouard, 1896
Subclass Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff, 1928
Subclass Peritrichia Stein, 1859

Order Sessilida Kahl, 1933

Order Mobilida Kahl, 1933
Subclass Astomatia Schewiakoff, 1896

Order Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain, 1976

Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940

Alimov et al. (2007)

Alimov, A. F. ed. (А. Ф. Алимов). 2007. Protista 2: Handbook on zoology. (Протисты 2: руководство по зоологии). St.
Petersburg: Nauka, 2007, 1141 pp. (in Russian, with English summaries),[26].

Protists

Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991

Phylum Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879

Phylum Dinozoa
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Subphylum PostciliodesmatophoraGerassimova & Seravin, 1976

Class Karyorelictea Corliss, 1974

Class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859
Subphylum Intramacronucleata Lynn, 1996

Class Spirotrichea Bütschli, 1889

Class Armophorea Lynn, 2002
Class Litostomatea Small & Lynn, 1981
Class Phyllopharyngea Puytorac et al., 1974
Class Nassophorea Small & Lynn, 1981
Class Colpodea Small & Lynn, 1981
Class Prostomatea Small & Lynn, 1985
Class Contofragmea Jankowski, 1980 (= subclassPlagiopylia Small & Lynn, 1985, later
class Plagiopylea Small & Lynn, 1985 in Lynn, 2002)
Class Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al., 1974

Lynn (2008)
Lynn, Denis (2008). The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature (3 ed.). Springer. p. 10,
[27].

Phylum Ciliophora

Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora

Class Karyorelictea
Class Heterotrichea
 Subphylum Intramacronucleata

Class Spirotrichea

Subclass Protocruziidia
Subclass Phacodiniidia
Subclass Hypotrichia
Subclass Oligotrichia
Subclass Choreotrichia
Subclass Stichotrichia
Subclass Licnophoria
Class Armophorea
Class Litostomatea

Subclass Haptoria
Subclass Trichostomatia
Class Phyllopharyngea

Subclass Cyrtophoria
Subclass Rhynchodia
Subclass Chonotrichia
Subclass Suctoria
Class Nassophorea
Class Colpodea
Class Prostomatea
Class Plagiopylea
Class Oligohymenophorea

Subclass Peniculia
Subclass Scuticociliatia
Subclass Hymenostomatia
Subclass Apostomatia
Subclass Peritrichia
Subclass Astomatia

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S. M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes.Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, [28].

Eukaryota

Sar Burki et al., 2008 (R)

Alveolata Cavalier-Smith 1991

Ciliophora Doflein 1901 (Ciliata Perty 1852; Infusoria Bütschli 1887)

PostciliodesmatophoraGerassimova & Seravin 1976

Karyorelictea Corliss 1974

Kentrophoros, Loxodes, Trachelocerca

Heterotrichea Stein 1859

Blepharisma, Climacostomum, Folliculina, Stentor

Intramacronucleata Lynn 1996

Cariacothrix Orsi et al. 2012 (Cariacotrichea Orsi et al. 2011) (M)

Spirotrichea Bütschli 1889 (R)

Armophorea Lynn 2004 (R)

 Armophorida Jankowksi 1964

Caenomorpha, Metopus
Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain 1976

Clevelandella, Nyctotherus, Paracichlidotherus

Litostomatea Small & Lynn 1981

Haptoria Corliss 1974 (P)

Didinium, Lacrymaria, Lagynophrya

Rhynchostomatia Jankowski 1980, emend. Vd'ačný et al. 2011

Dileptus, Dimacrocaryon, Trachelius

Trichostomatia Bütschli 1889

Balantidium, Entodinium, Isotricha, Ophryoscolex

Conthreep Lynn in Adl et al. 2012 [Ventrata Cavalier-Smith 2004] (R)

Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac et al. 1974

Synhymenia de Puytorac et al. in Deroux, 1978

Synhymenia, Zosterodasys
Cyrtophoria Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1956

Brooklynella, Chilodonella
Chonotrichia Wallengren 1895

Chilodochona, Spirochona
Rhynchodia Chatton & Lwoff 1939

Ancistrocoma, Ignotocoma, Stegotricha

Suctoria Claparède & Lachmann 1858

Acineta, Discophrya, Ephelota, Tokophrya

Nassophorea Small & Lynn 1981 (P?)

Microthorax, Nassula, Pseudomicrothorax

Colpodea Small & Lynn 1981

Platyophryida Puytorac et al. 1979

Platyophrya, Sorogena
Bursariomorphida Fernández-Galiano 1978

Bryometopus, Bursaria
Cyrtolophosidida Foissner 1978

Aristerostoma, Cyrtolophosis
Colpodida de Puytorac et al. 1974

Colpoda, Pseudoplatyophrya
Prostomatea Schewiakoff 1896

Coleps, Cryptocaryon, Holophrya, Prorodon, Urotricha

Plagiopylea Small & Lynn 1985, sensu Lynn 2008 (R)

Plagiopylida Jankowski 1978

Lechriopyla, Plagiopyla, Sonderia, Trimyema

Odontostomatida Sawaya 1940

Discomorphella, Epalxella
Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al. 1974
 Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1956

Frontonia, Paramecium, Stokesia

Scuticociliatia Small 1967

Anophryoides, Cyclidium, Loxocephalus, Philasterides,

Pleuronema
Hymenostomatia Delage & Hérouard 1896

Colpidium, Glaucoma, Ichthyophthirius, Tetrahymena

Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff 1928

Foettingeria, Gymnodinioides, Hyalophysa

Peritrichia Stein 1859

Carchesium, Epistylis, Trichodina, Vorticella,

Zoothamnium
Astomatia Schewiakoff 1896

Anoplophrya, Haptophrya

[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic
studies.]

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M.
(2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Or
ganisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [29].

Superkingdom Prokaryota

Kingdom Archaea [= Archaebacteria]

Kingdom Bacteria [= Eubacteria]
Superkingdom Eukaryota

Kingdom Protozoa

Subkingdom Eozoa

Infrakingdom Euglenozoa
Infrakingdom Excavata
Subkingdom Sarcomastigota

Phylum Amoebozoa
Phylum Choanozoa [with Microsporidia, Animalia, and Fungi constitutes "Supergroup
Opisthokonta"]
Phylum Microsporidia [with Choanozoa, Animalia, and Fungi constitutes "Supergroup
Opisthokonta"]
Phylum Sulcozoa
Kingdom Chromista

Subkingdom Hacrobia
Subkingdom Harosa [= "Supergroup SAR"]

Infrakingdom Halvaria

Superphylum Alveolata

Phylum Ciliophora

Subphylum Intramacronucleata

Class Armophorea

Order Armophorida
 Order Armophorida
Order Clevelandellida
Class Colpodea

Order Bryometopida
Order Bryophryida
Order Bursariomorphida
Order Colpodida
Order Cyrtolophosidida
Order Sorogenida
Class Litostomatea

Subclass Haptoria

Order Cyclotrichiida
Order Haptorida
Order Pleurostomatida
Subclass Trichostomatia

Order Entodiniomorphida
Order Macropodiniida
Order Vestibuliferida
Class Spirotrichea

Subclass Choreotrichia

Order Tintinnida
Subclass Hypotrichia

Order Euplotida
Order Kiitrichida
Subclass Licnophoria

Order Licnophorida
Subclass Oligotrichia

Order Strombidiida
Subclass Protocruziidia

Order Phacodiniida
Order Protocruziida
Subclass Stichotrichia

Order Sporadotrichida
Order Stichotrichida
Order Urostylida
Class Nassophorea

Order Colpodidiida
Order Microthoracida
Order Nassulida
Order Synhymeniida
Class Oligohymenophorea

Subclass Apostomatia

Order Apostomatida
Order Astomatophorida
Order Pilisuctorida
Subclass Astomatia

Order Astomatida
Subclass Hymenostomatia
 Order Ophyroglenida
Order Tetrahymenida
Subclass Peniculia

Order Peniculida
Order Urocentrida
Subclass Peritrichia

Order Mobilida
Order Sessilida
Subclass Scuticociliatia

Order Philasterida
Order Pleuronematida
Order Thigmotrichida
Class Phyllopharyngea

Subclass Chonotrichia

Order Cryptogemmida
Order Exogemmiida
Subclass Cyrtophoria

Order Chlamydodontida
Order Dysteriida
Subclass Rhynchodia

Order Hypocomatida
Order Rhynchodida
Subclass Suctoria

Order Endogenida
Order Evaginogenida
Order Exogenida
Class Plagiopylea

Order Odontostomatida
Order Plagiopylida
Class Prostomatea

Order Prorodontida
Order Prostomatida
Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora

Class Heterotrichea

Order Heterotrichida
Class Karyorelictea

Order Loxodida
Order Protoheterotrichida
Order Protostomatida
Phylum Miozoa

Subphylum Myzozoa

Infraphylum Apicomplexa
Infraphylum Dinozoa

Superclass Dinoflagellata
Superclass Perkinsozoa

Class Myzomonadea
 Order Algovorida
Class Perkinsea

Order Perkinsida
Order Phagodinida

Subphylum Protalveolata

Class Colponemea

Order Colponemida

Superphylum Heterokonta [= "Supergroup Stramenopiles"]

Infrakingdom Rhizaria
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]
Kingdom Animalia

Gao et al. (2016)

Gao, Feng, et al. "The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum
Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)." Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 24874.

Phylum Ciliophora

Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora

Class Karyorelictea

Order Protoheterotrichida
Order Protostomatida
Order Loxodida
Class Heterotrichea

Order Heterotrichida
Subphylum Intramacronucleata

Class Armophorea

Order Clevelandellida
Order Armophorida
Class Litostomatea

Subclass Trichostomatia

Order Vestibuliferida
Order Entodiniomorphida
Order Macropodiniida
Subclass Rhynchostomatia

Order Tracheliida
Order Dileptida
Subclass Haptoria

Order Haptorida
Order Pleurostomatida
Class Colpodea

Order Colpodida
Order Cyrtolophosidida
Order Bursariomorphida
Order Platyophryida
Class Nassophorea

Order Discotrichida
Order Microthoracida
Order Colpodiida
Order Nassulida
Class Phyllopharyngea

Subclass Synhymenia

Order Synhymeniida
Subclass Cyrtophoria

Order Chlamydodontida
Order Dysteriida
Subclass Chonotrichia

Order Cryptogemmida
Order Exogemmida
Subclass Rhynchodia

Order Rhynchodida
Order Hypocomatida
Subclass Suctoria

Order Exogenida
Order Endogenida
Order Evaginogenida
Class Prostomatea

Order Prorodontida
Order Prostomatida
Class Plagiopylea

Order Cyclotrichiida
Order Odontostomatida
Order Plagiopylida
Class Oligohymenophorea

Subclass Peniculia

Order Paranassulida
Order Peniculida
Order Urocentrida
Subclass Peritrichia

Order Sessilida
Order Mobilida
Subclass Hymenostomatia

Order Ophryoglenida
Order Tetrahymenida
Subclass Astomatia

Order Astomatida
Subclass Apostomatia

Order Pilisuctorida
Order Astomatophorida
Order Apostomatida
Subclass Scuticociliatia
 Order Loxocephalida
Order Pleuronematida
Order Philasterida
Class Protocruziea

Order Protocruziida
Class Spirotrichea

Subclass Phacodiniidia

Order Phacodiniida
Subclass Licnophoria

Order Licnophorida
Subclass Choreotrichia

Order Tintinnida
Order Choreotrichida
Subclass Oligotrichia

Order Strombidiida
Order Lynellida
Subclass Protohypotrichia

Order Kiitrichida
Subclass Hypotrichia

Order Sporadotrichida
Order Stichotrichida
Order Urostylida
Subclass Euplotia

Order Discocephalida
Order Euplotida
Class Cariotrichea (only one species, Cariacothrix caudata)

Order Cariotrichida
Class Mesodiniea (a basal group, possibly separated at Subphylum level)

Order Mesodiniida

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