Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Muhammad AQIB
ROLL # 2018-ME-08
Experiment # 1
Impact of Jet
Title:
Impact of Jet against a flat surface
Objective:
Objective of the experiment is to measure the theoretical and experimental forces
when the jet of water strikes on flat surface.
Apparatus:
Hydraulic Bench
Flat Impact Surface
Gauge Weights
Stop Watch
Theory:
Hydraulic bench is a very useful apparatus in
hydraulics and fluid mechanics. It is involved in
majority of experiments to be conducted e.g. To find the
value of the co-efficient of velocity ‘Cv’, coefficient of
discharge ‘Cd’, to study the characteristics of flow over
notches, to find metacentric height, to find head losses
through pipes, to verify Bernoulli’s theorem etc.
Procedure:
1. Firstly, I set the hydraulic bench apparatus according to the requirements.
2. I set impact surface on the jet and tight the screws.
3. I turned on the hydraulic bench device and open the pressure gauge slowly
to increase the pressure.
4. I turned off apparatus when the impact surface lifted up.
5. I measured the release time until the volume comes into initial position.
Fm = mg
𝑄2
Fa = 𝜌
𝐴
Fa = 𝜌QV1
Where,
𝑄
V=
𝑡
𝑑2
A=𝜋
4
Impact against a flat surface:
Sr. No. Weight (g) Fm (N) Volume (m3) Time (s) Q Q2 Fa (N)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 490 0.25 2 0.125 0.0156 0.0124
3 100 980 0.25 2 0.2 0.04 0.0318
4 150 1470 0.4 3 0.3333 0.1111 0.0884
5 200 1960 1 4.8 0.3645 0.1329 0.1057
6 250 2450 1.75 5.8 0.6896 0.4756 0.3784
7 300 2940 4 8.5 0.4705 0.2214 0.1762
Conclusion:
I have concluded that the theoretical value of force (Fm) and the actual value of the
force produced by the jet (Fa) are equal.
Fm = Fa
Title:
Impact of Jet against a curved surface of 120o
Objective:
Objective of the experiment is to measure the theoretical and experimental forces
when the jet of water strikes on concave surface.
Apparatus:
Hydraulic Bench
Flat Impact Surface
Concave Impact Surface
Spherical Impact Surface
Gauge Weights
Stop Watch
Theory:
Hydraulic bench is a very useful apparatus in
hydraulics and fluid mechanics. It is involved in majority of
experiments to be conducted e.g. To find the value of the
co-efficient of velocity ‘Cv’, coefficient of discharge ‘Cd’,
to study the characteristics of flow over notches, to find
metacentric height, to find head losses through pipes, to
verify Bernoulli’s theorem etc.
Procedure:
1. Firstly, I set the hydraulic bench apparatus according to the requirements.
2. I set impact surface on the jet and tight the screws.
3. I turned on the hydraulic bench device and open the pressure gauge slowly
to increase the pressure.
4. I turned off apparatus when the impact surface lifted up.
5. I measured the release time until the volume comes into initial position.
Observation and Calculation:
I have observed that the theoretical force and the experimental force produced by
jet on impact surface are equal.
Some important formulas:
Fm = mg
𝑄2
Fa = 𝜌
𝐴
3
Fa = 𝜌QV1
2
Where,
𝑄
V=
𝑡
𝑑2
A=𝜋
4
Impact against a curve surface of 120o:
Sr. No. Weight (g) Fm (N) Volume Time (s) Q Q2 Fa (N)
(m3)
1 0 0 1 3.15 0.317460 0.100781 80199.01
2 50 490 1.2 3.22 0.372670 0.138884 110520
3 100 980 0.7 2.24 0.3125 0.097656 77712.37
4 150 1470 0.1 1 0.1 0.01 7957.747
5 200 1960 1.5 4.86 0.308641 0.09526 75805.40
6 250 2450 1.3 2.62 0.496183 0.246198 195918
7 300 2940 2.4 3.78 0.634920 0.403124 320796.1
Conclusion:
I have concluded that the theoretical value of force (Fm) and the actual value of the
force produced by the jet (Fa) are equal.
Fm = Fa
Title:
Impact of Jet against a semispherical surface of 180o
Objective:
Objective of the experiment is to measure the theoretical and experimental forces
when the jet of water strikes on spherical surface.
Apparatus:
Hydraulic Bench
Flat Impact Surface
Concave Impact Surface
Spherical Impact Surface
Gauge Weights
Stop Watch
Theory:
Hydraulic bench is a very useful apparatus in
hydraulics and fluid mechanics. It is involved in majority of
experiments to be conducted e.g. To find the value of the
co-efficient of velocity ‘Cv’, coefficient of discharge ‘Cd’,
to study the characteristics of flow over notches, to find
metacentric height, to find head losses through pipes, to
verify Bernoulli’s theorem etc.
Procedure:
1. Firstly, I set the hydraulic bench apparatus according to the requirements.
2. I set impact surface on the jet and tight the screws.
3. I turned on the hydraulic bench device and open the pressure gauge slowly
to increase the pressure.
4. I turned off apparatus when the impact surface lifted up.
5. I measured the release time until the volume comes into initial position.
Observation and Calculation:
I have observed that the theoretical force and the experimental force produced by
jet on impact surface are equal.
Some important formulas:
Fm = mg
𝑄2
Fa = 𝜌
𝐴
Fa =2 𝜌QV1
Where,
𝑄
V=
𝑡
𝑑2
A=𝜋
4
Impact against semispherical surface of 180o:
Sr. No. Weight (g) Fm (N) Volume (m3) Time (s) Q Q2 Fa (N)
1 50 490 2.5 9 0.27778 0.07716 61402.37
2 100 980 3 6.8 0.44117 0.19463 154886.9
3 150 1470 3 5.61 0.53475 0.28596 227565.8
4 200 1960 2.5 3 0.83333 0.69444 552621.3
5 250 2450 4 7 0.57142 0.32653 259844.8
6 300 2940 5.5 10.35 0.53140 0.28238 224716.4
Conclusion:
I have concluded that the theoretical value of force (Fm) and the actual value of the
force produced by the jet (Fa) are equal.
Fm = Fa