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Flow-Induced Vibration in Shell-and-Tube Heat

Exchangers with Double-Segmental Baffles
a b c
H. HALLE , J. M. CHENOWETH & M. W. WAMBSGANSS
a
Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois, 60439
b
Heat Transfer Research, Inc , Alhambra, California, 91802
c
Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois, 60439
Published online: 16 May 2007.

To cite this article: H. HALLE , J. M. CHENOWETH & M. W. WAMBSGANSS (1986) Flow-Induced Vibration in Shell-and-Tube Heat
Exchangers with Double-Segmental Baffles, Heat Transfer Engineering, 7:3-4, 64-71, DOI: 10.1080/01457638608939654

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457638608939654

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 Flow-Induced Vibration in Shell-
and-Tube Heat Exchangers
with Double-Segmental Baffles
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H.HALLE
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne , Illinois 60439

J. M. CHENOWETH
Heat Transfer Research, Inc., Alhambra, California 91802

M. W. WAMBSGANSS
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439

One of the techniques used by designers of shell-and-tube heat exchangers when they encounter a
potential flow-induced vibration problem is to shift from a tube bundle with segmental baffles to one
with double-segmental baffles. This results in a split of the flow into either half of the shell with lower
velocities and makes it possible to reduce the unsupported tube span length while keeping below a
given allowable pressure drop. Tests were performed as a pan of a systematic study of water
flow-induced vibration in industrial-size heat exchangers . Results for nine different double -segmental
baffled bundle configurations are presented. Comparison of the results with those for similar
segmental baffled bundles shows that higher flows can be tolerated without developing damaging
flow-induced vibration.

INTRODUCTION edge orientation on tube vibration from shell-side wa-

This paper covers the tube vibration tests of nine
double-segmental baffled, industrial-size heat ex-
changer configurations. These tests are part of a com-
prehensive research program under which some addi-
tional 40 different configurations having single-
segmental baffles have been systematically tested to
investigate the effect of various parameters including
tube layout pattern, baffle spacing, and baffle
Work supported by the U.S. Department of ,Energy, Energy Conver-
sion and Utilization Technologies Program, under Contract W-31-109-
Eng-38.
Reprinted by permission from Hemisphere Publishing Corporation,
from Proceedings of the Eighth International Heat Transfer Conference.
San Francisco , California. C. L. Tien, V. P. Carey, and J. K. Ferrell
(Eds.), 1986, Vol. 6, pp. 2763-2768.
ter flow. The objective of the program is to support
the design of optimized shell-and-tube heat exchang-
ers capable of operating without flow-induced vibra-
tion damage.
The baffle plates in a shell-and-tube heat ex-
changer serve two functions: they provide structural
support for the tubes and they determine the flow
path for the shell-side flow. In an exchanger with
single-segmental baffles, the total flow, except for
leakages and bypasses through necessary clearance
spaces, is forced through every' cross pass region be-
tween adjacent baffle plates. By contrast, in the inte-
rior of an exchanger with double-segmental baffles,
the total flow divides into two streams, one on either
side of the shell. This permits the designer to con-

64 heat transfer engineering vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986

 sider lower flow velocities and makes it possible to
reduce the baffle spacing and therefore the unsup-
ported span length while keeping below a given al-
lowable pressure drop.
Assuming idealized conditions for a given total
flow through an exchanger of a certain size and baffle
spacing, the cross-flow velocity in a double-
segmental baffled unit is half of what it would be with
comparable single-segmental baffles. Since the flow-
induced vibration potential of tubes in tube bundles is
very much influenced by the cross-flow velocity, de-
signers often consider the use of double-segmental
baffles if a vibration problem is anticipated. A signif-
icant number of heat exchangers used by industry are
constructed with double-segmental baffles. This pro-
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vided the motivation to include tube bundles with
double-segmental baffles in the ongoing Heat Ex-
changer TUbe Vibration Test Program at Argonne
National Laboratory and to compare their tube vibra-
tion performance to that of single-segmental baffled
bundles.
TEST DESCRIPTION
AND PROCEDURE
The test equipment is representative of an indus-
trial shell-and-tube exchanger. The tube bundle is re-
movable and its component tubesheets, baffles , and
tubes are readily rearranged or replaced to provide
different test configurations . No heat is transferred.
There is no flow in the tubes, whose ends are open to
permit ready observation or instrumentation. The
TEMA E-type shell [1] is connected to a large water
loop that is part of Argonne's Flow Induced Vibration
Test Facility. Figure 1 shows a double-segmental baf-
fled tube bundle during assembly on a specially built
transporter prior to insertion into the shell in the
background. One of the test configurations is shown
schematically in Fig. 2.
All of the eight basic full tube bundle configura-
tions tested had the following features: six equal
cross passes, 10-in. nominal size nozzles (with one
exception), and 19.05 mm (0.75-in .) 00, 1.2 mm
(0.049 in.) wall plain brass tubes spaced with a
pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.25. The required 30 0
triangular and 45 0 rotated square layout double-
segmental brass baffles were fabricated with the
same overall dimensions [587 mm (23.109 in.) 00,
9.5 mm (0.375 in. width)] and tube-to-tube hole
clearances [0.4 mm (0.016 in.) minimum diametral]
as the previously tested single-segmental baffles and
were used with the same basic shell [0.59 m (23.25
in.) 10 , 3.58 m (140.75 in.) inside length], tubes,
heat transfer engineering
Figure 1. Double-segmental baffled test heat exchanger during
assembly (case 39 shown).
and tubesheets. The double-segmental baffles had
two tube rows of overlap and equal flow areas in the
baffle windows.
The tested configurations included the eight com-
binations obtained by testing each of two tube field
layout patterns, 30 0 equilateral triangular and 45 0 ro-
tated square, with four different baffle arrangements.
As shown in Fig. 3, the differences in the four baffle
arrangements were the order of placement of the two
different kinds of double-segmental baffles, "core"
and "wing," and two orientations of the baffle cuts,
with the baffle edges parallel and transverse to the
centerline axes of the nozzles. These are sometimes
known as "vertical" and "horizontal" baffle cuts,
respectively. Figure 4 shows the tube layout patterns
for the test configurations, all of which are listed on
Table I. Case 44 is a retest of the case 43 configura-
tion with large (14-in. nominal size) nozzles to deter-
mine the effect of lower nozzle velocities. It should
be noted that the combinations of baffle arrangement
and cut orientation that produce long unsupported
tube spans immediately below the nozzle would nor-
mally not be selected by knowledgeable designers .
However, they were included to complete the test ma-
trix and to demonstrate their potential for damaging
vibration.
The tube vibrations were observed through the
open tubes by backlighting the tube bundle. Selected
tubes in regions susceptible to significant vibrations
were instrumented with internal accelerometers. Usu-
ally these were placed near midspan locations and
oriented to be sensitive in the transverse-to-flow di-
rection, where amplitudes are often, but not always,
at a maximum. The signals from the accelerometers,
a turbine flowmeter, and a time code generator were
vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986 65
 ~--- ) .~I. (140 7~ i. , I Tue[ LEMCTH 1MSlOE SHElL

O!URVATION PORT

BAffLE 6 SPAN TUBE

4 SPU TUBE

I
I
, -.J
t INLET
.----T UBES -
A TOP VIEW
• OUTLET

O~'. 113 1~ .. , SHEll TUBES -

~ BH'lE SU'PORTS
INSIDt DIUI(l[R
6 [OUll SPUS I BAfflE SUPPORTS
4 S'AMS I Z EA. 0161
ANO Z EA, 0 H)
TueE lEMGTH 1
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TUU[S - - - - - - - - 'il[. A- • BAfflE CUT ("WINOOW',

Z BAffLE SUPPORn o ZS) OIA . I TVP I
) EOUll SPANS

Figure 2. Test heat exchanger in six-crass-pass, double-segmental baffled con-

figuration (case 40 shown).

recorded during flow testing on magnetic FM tape for
subsequent evaluation, using spectral analysis and
double integration to obtain displacement amplitudes
as appropriate. Pressure drop of the room tempera-
ture water was measured .
VIBRATION RESPONSE
At low flow rates, turbulent buffeting vibrates the
tubes with very small magnitudes that increase mod-
erately with flow. At intermediate flow rates the
tubes begin to "rattle" within their baffle supports;
field experience has shown that these vibrations are
generally acceptable. When the shell-side flow rate is
increased further, the amplitudes of certain groups of
tubes grow to possibly unacceptable levels. This am-
plitude rise may be gradual . However, it is typical of
many conventional tube bundles that the flow rate
reaches a threshold value that triggers a fluid-elastic
instability. With only a minor increase in flow rate,
this excitation mechanism transforms previous low-
level vibration to large-amplitude vibration, which,
among other things, can result in tube-to-tube colli-
sion and cause rapid tube failure. Consequently, it is
the mechanism of most concern to designers and is
the focus of this program.
Fluid-elastic instability with large-amplitude mo-
tion involves a complex fluid structure interaction as
the vibrating tubes alternately expand and reduce the
various flow paths within the bundle . Two major
characteristics of a "classic" fluid-elastic instability

39,43,44 40,45 42,47 41,46 Case 'numbers

Parallel Trans- Parallel Trans- Baffle edge
verse verse to nozzle axes
orientation
3 Core/2 Wing 3 Wing/2 Core Baffles

Figure 3. Double-segmental baffle arrangement and orientation combina-

tions.

66 heat transfer engineering vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986

 Cases 39 and 42 Cases 40 and 41

30° layout, 499 tubes

Outer tube limit IO.T.l.l: 568 mm (22 .347 in.)
Core baffle cut: 25.3%; overlap 7.5% each side
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~(I:•••
-------- ~
-(

Cases 45 and 46

45° layout, 421 tubes

Outer tube limit (O.T.L.): 562 mm (22 .128 in.)
Core baffle cut : 26.9% ; overlap 6.3% each side

Figure 4. Schematics of double-segmental baffled test configurations. Black

dots represent 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) OD tie bars securing the bundle.

are the abrupt initiation on reaching the threshold
flow rate and, in a segmentally baffled heat ex-
changer, the location of the affected tubes: in the
flow-turnaroud window containing the tubes with the
least support (i.e ., lowest natural frequency) in the
tube rows adjacent to the baffle edges in the interior
of the bundle.
Unacceptable vibration response may also occur
where tubes on the periphery of the bundle are ex-
posed to localized high flow velocity under the nozzle
entrance or due to leakage and bypass flows. In these
cases the vibration amplitude usually increases gradu-
ally with flow rate; instability mayor may not be
involved.
required by analysts is an effective cross-flow veloc-
ity which is difficult to determine [2].
For the purpose of this paper and as presented in
Table I, the mean flow velocity in the minimum gap
between tubes, as a function of flow rate, has been
obtained by means of a computer program [3] based
on the stream analysis method, which is widely used
by the heat exchanger industry. This program takes a
global approach . More sophisticated three-dimensional
computer programs [e.g., 4] that compute velocities
for specific tube locations have been developed but
have not been applied widely to commercial heat ex-
changers. It should be noted that this paper presents
sufficiently detailed descriptions that flow velocities
can be calculated by whichever method desired.

PRESENTATION OF TEST RESULTS

The test results are shown in Fig. 5 and Table 1 to
facilitate visualization and comparison, respectively.
Flow Rate and Flow Velocity
The results are quantified in terms of the overall
volumetric water flow rate . However, the parameter
Vibration Response Phenomena
The two principal vibration response phenomena,
the lowest critical flow rate and the threshold of a
classic fluid-elastic instability, are presented sepa-
rately in Table 1.
The lowest critical flow rate is defined as the flow
rate at which somewhere in the tube bundle the tube
vibration amplitude or acceleration is considered to

heat transfer engineering vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986 67

 Thblc 1. Double-Segmental Baffle Configuration Test Dataa

Lowest"
Configuration code critical or Typical Overall
instability" Computed experimental pressure drop
Nominal threshold gap flow and
Thbe nozzle Baffle Baffle flow rate velocity, U theoretical Reduced at 0.126 at 2000
Case layout" size arrange- orien- frequency, f velocity" m3/s gal/min
No. (deg) (in.)" ment' ration" m/s ft/s (Hz) U kPa Ib/in .2

39 30 lO 3C/2W PC 0.179 284<Y"c 1.05 3.46 20 .0 Ex 2.77 53 .0 7.68

22.9 Th 2.42
40 30 lO 3CI2W · TC 0.115 183(f 0.79 2. 58 28.0 Ex 1.47 55 .2 8.00
22.9 Th 1.80
0.155 2450' 1.05 3.45 27.0 Ex 2.04
22.9 Th 2.41
41 30 lO 3W/2C TC 0 .163. 259(f" I.lO 3.62 20.0 Ex 2.90 52.7 7.64
22.9 Th
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2.53
42 30 lO 3W/2C PC 0 .158 2500 b 0.93 3.06 26.0 Ex 1.88 52.2 7.57
22.9 Th 2.14
0 .161 2550' 0.95 3.12 35.0 Ex 1.43
22.9 Th 2.18
43 45 lO 3C/2W PC 0.145 zsoo' 0.66 2.17 lOl. Ex 0.34 37.7 5.47
24.4 Th 1.42
0.215 3400' 0.96 3.16 22 .5 Ex 2.25
23.5 Th 2.15
44 45 14 3C12W PC 0.158 zsoo' 0.72 2.36 19 Ex 1.99 29.6 4.30
23.5 Th 1.61
0.192 3050' 0.87 2.86 21 Ex 2.18
23.5 Th 1.95
45 45 10 3CI2W TC 0 .158 251(f 0 .80 2.61 20.5 Ex 2.04 40 .9 5 .93
23 .5 Th 1.78
0.193 3060' 0.96 3.16 26 Ex 1.94
23.5 Th 2.15
46 45 lO 3WI2C TC 0.117 18W 0.59 1.94 77.0 Ex 0.40 38.7 5.62
24.4 Th 1.27
0.224 3550' 1.12 3.67 25.5 Ex 2.30
23.5 Th 2.50
47 45 10 3W12C PC 0 .148 235(f" 0.68 2.23 20.0 Ex 1.78 38.8 5.63
23.5 Th 1.52
7 30 10 5SS TC 0.124 I 97(f" 1.33 4 .35 22.9 Th 3.04 97.9 14.2
29 45 14 5SS TC 0.124 197(f 1.03 3.38 23.5 Th 2.30 59.8 8.68
0.135 2140' 1.11 3.65 23.5 Th 2.49

"Includes comparison with comparable single-segmental baffle tests. All tube bundles have six cross passes provided by five baffles
equally spaced approximately 597 mm (23.5 in.). Locations are indicated on Fig . 5.
bLowest critical flow rate .
' Flow rate of threshold initiating classic fluid-elastic instability.
dThbe layout pattern : 30° triangular ~ ~ one side of equilateral triangle perpendicular to flow
45 0 rotated square ~ sides oriented 45 0 to flow.
'Nominal lO-in. size: 241 mm (9.50 in.) 10; 14-in. size: 337 mrn (13.25 in.) 10.
frhree Coreltwo Wing; three Wingltwo Core; or five Single Segmental baffles.
RpC. TC : Parallel or Transverse Cut of baffle edges with respect to nozzle axes .
hU - UIjD; D - 19.05 mm (0.750 in.).

have become unacceptable. In almost every case, the
lowest critical flow rate is determined by localized
high flow velocity created by inherent flow maldistri-
butions in the end zones. The resulting vibration
'problems are not unexpected. An experienced de-
signer would provide additional tube support in the
end zones so that the design is not limited by end
zone flow conditions and can realize the full benefit
of the double-segmental baffle arrangement in the
central baffle spaces. Lowest critical flow rates are
presented here to caution the investigator who may be
scanning and comparing various single- and double-
segmentally baffled design options on a computer ter-
minal.

68 heat transfer engineering vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986

 Case Configura- Obse rvat ions On the other hand, the threshold of classic fluid-
tion Code Flowrates in m3/s
elastic instability, usually indicated by violent tube-to-
39 30· ·10" Gr.•dual amplitude increase in tube collision, is much more clearly defined and per-
3C/2W·PC 1)'lter/wirldow shell "corner" re-
0 .167 gions at 0.146 mits a more meaningful comparison of the test results
~O.179. Instability, in central outer
window, row adjacent to core
in the interior of the tube layout. This threshold pro-
0.207 baffle: top 0.179*t, bottom 0.207
vides a fair indication of tube response in the central
0 .146 baffle spaces.
40 30· '10" • Instability at 0.115*, near outer
3C/ 2W ·TC window tubes under nozzle, sec-
ond mode

~
'11 1 5 Instability Criteria
• Instability at 0.IS5t, row adja-
I I
cent to core baffle, shift from
,
I I
second to first mode
0.155 The nondimensional reduced flow velocity in Table
41 30'·10" • Instability, central window, row I is an almost universally used parameter for instabil-
3W/2C.TC adjacent to wing baffle edge
Nozzle side at 0.163*t
ity prediction methods. Computations based on the

~
. 1 63
Away from nozzle side at 0.187 computer-generated velocities are listed for both the
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I I
I I • High frequency (-IDa Hz) "buzz," experimental vibration frequencies and the theoretical
tubes under inlet nozzle
0.187 ones that designers are likely to use. The damping
42 30' '10" • Instability in central window at and virtual mass of the water-immersed tubes are also
3W/ZC ·PC 0.158* and 0.16It, under nozzle,
extended 4 to 6 rows into involved.

~
bundle, 2nd to 3rd mode fre-
quency shift of tubes in 1st row
0.161
Pressure Drop
43 4S· ·10" • Instabllity ill defined, occurs
3C/ zW 'PC at 0.14S* in tubes under inlet
Table I lists the overall pressure drop at the indi-
~45
nozzle at ~IOO Hz (5th or 6th
mode) cated flow rate. The pressure drop varied with the
l~stability. bottom outer window
tubes at O.l1St 1.9 to 2.0 power of the flow rate. Pressure drop mea-
0.215
surements across various internal sections of the tube
44 4S··14" St e p- wi s e increase of amplitude
3C/2W·PC of bottom outer window tubes at bundle were also taken. Overall and incremental
0.158* pressure drop data from industrial-size heat exchang-

~-=
0' 22 1
Instability ill defined at 0.1921
ers are relatively rare; consequently, they have pro-
0.192: HIgh frequency response under
inlet nozzle vided valuable feedback information to validate com-
0.158
4S-.10" • Instability ill defined at 0.IS8*
puter programs for design.
4S
3C/2W.TC as near out e r window tubes peak
in row adjacent to core baffle

~
. 1 86
• InstabLlty of tubes under inlet
: : nozzle at a.186 Test Data for Single-Segmental Baffled
• Instability ill defined at 0.193t Configurations
0.158. 0.193
46 4S·.10" • High acceleration levels at
3W/2C·TC 0.117* in front row at 77 Hz For comparison, Table I includes test data for
0117 0151· Strong "buaz Lng" in near ou t e r
comparable single-segmental baffled configurations

~
. •. window under nozzle at O.ISI
l: . Instability on near side of (cases 7 and 29) with 30 0 and 45 0 layout patterns,
I 0 .224 cent ral windo," at 0.224t having baffle cuts of 29 and 30 % of shell diameter
47 4S0·10" Instability at 0.148*t in front and nozzle sizes of 10 and 14 in., respectively. Expe-
3W/lC ·PC tubes near baffle edge row of rience has shown that the instability threshold veloc-
central window

i§}' Instability extends 9 rows deep

0 .177 into central window at a.177
-- 0.160
ity is not influenced significantly by nozzle size.
However, the pressure drop is; thus a comparison of
the 45 0 layout pressure drop data must take this into
Figure 5. Principal test observations. For *, t, and configura- account.
tion code see Table 1. (* ~ b, t - C in Thble 1)

The interpretation of these localized flow- DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

dependent test data is somewhat subjective, because
at this time there are no general acceptance criteria In many instances the first indication of vibration
for unacceptable vibration performance or even for on increasing flow in the double-segmental baffle
the damage potential. tests was not the classic instability noted in the seg-

heat transfer engineering vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986 69

 mental baffle tests. Rather, it was shown to result
from the high localized velocities due to flow distri-
bution inherent in the geometry. From the frequency
response and the location in the bundle, it could be
traced to lack of adequate tube support and flow by-
passing in the end zones. These can be controlled"by
appropriate design. However, in all of the tests the
classic instability eventually developed in the tube
rows near the baffle edge in the baffle windows . As
discussed above, the classic instability threshold data
provide a meaningful indication of the benefits of the
double-segmental baffle design.
The (computer-generated) gap flow velocities at
the threshold are about the same for both three-corel
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two-wing baffle cut orientations and are about 10%
higher for the 30 0 (cases 39 and 40) than the 45 0
(cases 43 and 45) layout pattern. For the three-wing/
two-core transverse-to-nozzle axes baffle cut (TC)
configurations, the 30 0 and 45 0 layout patterns (cases
41 and 46) , the threshold velocities are about the
same; the parallel-to-nozzle axes (PC) baffle cut con-
figurations (cases 42 nd 47) permit no conclusion.
The following discussion is limited to configura-
tions with TC bundle orientation. Effective flow ve-
locity data obtained from the single-segmental baffle
tests were applied with the assumption of equivalent
tube energization to the double-segmental bundles. A
cursory and elementary analysis indicates that the
flow penetrates the 45 0 bundles more readily than the
30 0 bundles. This is particularly true for the three-
wing/two-core baffle arrangement, where the total
flow has to negotiate the first, near nozzle wing
baffle.
The various vibration response phenomena were
not as well defined in the 45 0 as in 30 0 layout bun-
dles. Maximum gap velocities are perpendicular to
the principal flow direction for 30 0 layouts, whereas
they are on the diagonals for 45 0 layouts. Also, the
45 0 bundle is more susceptible to short cut flows
through straight gap lanes between tube rows near the
exterior of the bundle.
Comparison of classic instability threshold data de-
termined for comparable single-segmental baffled
configurations indicates that although the double-
segmental bundles had the same or lower computed
flow velocities, the threshold flow rates were in-
creased by 24% (case 40 vs. 7) to 66% (case 46 vs.
29). This indicates a significant improvement of per-
formance, particularly since all effects of localized
end zone conditions were probably not eliminated .
However, the full theoretical potential of approxi-
70 heat transfer engineering
mately doubled flow rates was not realized. Pressure
drop for double-segmental baffled bundles was well
below that for comparable bundles with single-
segmental baffles and compared well with predictions
obtained by using Ref. 3. Various end zone condi-
tions and other circumstances often determine the
lowest critical flow rates and the classic instability
thresholds are not practically achieved. It takes com-
puter programs such as those in Refs. 3 and 4 to
compare the thermal and hydraulic performance of
single- versus double-segmental baffled bundles and
analyze the designs to ensure that no tube vibration
problems are anticipated.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Systematic tests were run on typical double-
segmental baffle configurations of industrial-size
shell-and-tube heat exchangers to obtain both vibra-
tion and pressure drop information on the shell side.
This paper presents nine configurations representing
various combinations of tube layout pattern, baffle
arrangement, and baffle edge orientation. The tests
indicated that inherent maldistributions in the inlet
and outlet end zone regions resulted in high localized
velocities and vibration excitation . The results dem-
onstrate that if it is possible to eliminate the dominant
effect of these end zone conditions (e.g., by addi-
tional tube supports), the benefits of the double-
segmental baffle arrangement in the central baffle
spaces should be realized. This statement is based on
the improved classic fluid-elastic instability thresh-
olds of interior tubes compared to corresponding data
for comparable single-segmental baffle configura-
tions. The data permit comparisons of the perfor-
mance of various configurations. The basic data are
presented in such a way that they can be used by
future researchers in state-of-the-art flow distribution
and vibration prediction methods. The evaluation of
the results indicates the need for accurate localized
velocity prediction, which , in turn, dictates the need
for further development and application of computer-
aided methods.
Further details and results of these tests, including
the internal pressure drop distribution, are available
[5]. An overview of the entire program with empha-
sis on background and applicability is presented in
Ref. 2. Specific test, computation, and field data have
been published in Refs. 2, 6, and 7 and various
Argonne topical reports.
vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was performed as part of a Heat Ex-
changer Thbe Vibration Program sponsored by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Utili-
zation Research, under the Energy Conversion and
Utilization Technologies (ECUT) Program, and rep-
resents aU. S. contribution to an International Energy
Agency (lEA) Program. The continuing encourage-
ment and support of M. E. Gunn, W. H. Thielbahr,
and J. J. Eberhardt of the U. S. Department of Energy
are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank R. K.
Smith for his assistance with the setup and conduct of
Downloaded by ["Queen's University Libraries, Kingston"] at 00:43 03 January 2015
the tests.
REFERENCES
[1] Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association,
6th ed ., Thbular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, New
York, 1978.
[2] Halle, H., Chenoweth, J. M. and Wambsganss, M. W.,
Shellside Flow-Induced Tube Vibration in Typical Heat Ex-
changer Configurations: Overview of a Research Program,
in Flow-Induced Vibration-1986, Chen, S. S., Simonis, J.
C ., and Shin, Y. 5., eds., pp. 161-169, PVP-voI. 104,
ASME, New York, 1986.
(3) HTRI ST-4 Computer Program for the Design or Rating of
Shell-and-Thbe Heat Exchangers, Heat Transfer Research,
Inc., Alhambra, Calif. , 1980.
[4] Wambsganss, M. w., Yang, C . I., and Halle, H., Fluidelastic
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work for a Prediction Method, in Symposium on Flow-
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eds., pp. 103-118, ASME, New York, 1984.
[5] Halle, H., Chenoweth, J. M. , and Wambsganss, M. w.,
Tube Vibration in Industrial Size Test Heat Exchanger (22
Additional Configurations), Argonne National Laboratory
Rept. ANL-85-66, December, 1985 .
[6] Halle, H., Chenoweth, J. M ., and Wambsganss, M. w.,
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heat transfer engineering
Henry Halle is a mechanical engineer at
Argonne National Laboratory, where, since
1970, he has designed and performed experi-
ments to investigate the air or water flow-
induced vibration response of structural compo-
nents for research programs and test projects.
This work includes planning, instrumentation.
data analysis and correlation with theory. Since
1977 he has been Principal Investigator of the
Heat Exchanger Tube Vibration Program, which includes the shell-side
water flow testing of various heat exchanger configurations to obtain vi-
bration data and, subsequently, contribute to the improvement of predic-
tion methods to avoid vibration damage. Previously, he provided engi-
neering support for a wide variety of scientific projects, many involving
heat transfer, at Argonne and at the Laboratories of Applied Science of
the University of Chicago. He earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering
from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1949.
James M. Chenoweth is an assistant technical
director at Heat Transfer Research, Inc. He
graduated from Purdue University in mechani-
cal engineering and earned a Ph.D. in 1952. On
graduation he worked in the research depart-
ment of C . F. Braun & Co. on two-phase flow
problems. In 1959 he became a member of the
senior staff of National Engineering Science
Company, where he conducted studies on the
transient thermal histories of nuclear reactor vessels. At HTRI he special-
izes in problems of flow-induced tube vibration, and he is consultant to
Argonne National Laboratory for an experimental research program on
flow-induced vibration. He has prepared a section on vibration problems
in heat exchangers for the Heat Exchanger Design Handbook.
Martin W. Wambsganss is a senior mechani-
cal engineer at Argonne National Laboratory,
where he has been responsible for planning and
conducting research in flow-induced vibration
and has contributed to the design evaluation of
reactor components from the standpoint of
flow/structure interaction. His research and de-
sign evaluation activities include studies of
flow-induced tube vibration in heat exchangers
and steam generators. He received a B.S. in mechanicalengineering from
Valparaiso University in 1960 and earned a Ph.D. from Purdue Univer-
sity in 1966. From 1961 to 1963 he worked as a research engineer for
Johnson Service Company. In 1965 he joined the staff of Argonne Na-
tional Laboratory. He has authored or coauthored over 80 technical publi-
cations.
vol. 7 nos. 3-4 1986 71