Dok Alternatibo Research And Developament Foundation Inc.

,
Sugar Road,Parallel St,. Brgy.Tiguman Digos City

Name:__________________________________________ Grade: ________ Date: ________

Coach: Miss Marjorie F. Reusora Lpt. Score : _______

NOTE:READ THE DIRECTION WISELY.

ERASURE MEANS WRONG.
NO USING OF PENCIL AND CORRECTION TAPE.
YOU CAN USE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR.

Topic: AREA OF SOME PLANE FIGURES

Area of a Rectangle – the area of a given figure is associated with the number of squares on its surface. To find the area of
the rectangle FAIR, count the number of square in the figure. There are 24 squares in the figure. Therefore, you can say that
the area is 24 square units. F A
The area of a rectangle can be solved by
multiplying its length (l) by its with (w), that
is--- A= l x w
R I
Example1: If you measure the length and width in centimeters, then the length =6 cm and the width =4cm.
Thus, A= l x w
= 6cm x 4 cm
= 24 cm2
Example 2: This figure is composed of two rectangles. The area of the shaded rectangle is -----

The area of the unshaded

A= l x w rectangle is ----
= 3 cm x 6 cm A= lx w
= 18 cm2 = 6cm x 2cm
= 12cm2

A square is a rectangle. It has four sides which are equilateral and equiangular. Since it is a rectangle, you can use the formula
for the area of a rectangle, A= lw. But since the four sides are equal, then formula for the area is A=s2.
Example 3: The sides of a square is 5.8 cm. What is the area?
Solution: A= s2
= (5.8 cm)2 5.8 cm
2
= 33.64 cm

Area of a Parallelogram – the base of parallelogram is equal to the length of a rectangle, while the altitude of a parallelogram
is equal to the width of a rectangle.
if the area of a rectangle is
altitude A=lw, then the area of a
parallelogram is A=bh
base
Example 4: Determine the area of the figure below.

A=bh
6m = 8m (6m)
= 48m2

8m

Example 5: If the area of a parallelogram is 72cm2, what is the altitude if the base is 9cm?

Solution: A= 72cm2, B= 9 cm, h=?

𝐴
Since A=bh, then h= 𝑏 , Therefore,

72cm2
h= qcm
= 8cm

Area of a Triangle –The area of a triangular region may be determined by putting together two congruent triangles to form
a parallelogram.
b b

h
h
h
h

b b

If the area of a parallelogram A=bh, then the area of the triangle is one-half the area of
bh
parallelogram, that is A = .
2

Example 6: Give the figure on the right, find the area of the triangle.
bh
Solution: A = 2
6mm(5mm)
A = 2
30𝑚𝑚2
= h= 5 mm
2
=15mm2
b= 6mm

Example 7: The area of the triangle is 182dm. If the altitude is 14dm, find the base of the triangle.
Solution: Given A= 182dm2, h= 14dm, find b.
bh 2A
Since A = 2
, then b = ℎ
2(18 ⅆ𝑚2 )
Therefore, b= 14ⅆ𝑚
2(18 ⅆ𝑚2 )
To get the base, b= 14ⅆ𝑚
= 26 dm

Area of a Circle – the circumference of a circle is C=2𝜋r, and the area of a parallelogram is A= bh.
Since the area of a parallelogram is –
A= bh, then you can say that
c c
A= 2r, because b= 2 and h=r.
2πr
But C=2𝜋r, therefore, A= 2
r.
 Simplify the equation, you have area of a circle A= 𝜋r2.

Example 8: If the radius of a circle is 8dm, what is the area?

Solution: A= 𝜋r2
A= 3.1416(8)2, substitute the value of 𝜋= 3.1416, and the r= 8
A= 3.1416(64)
A= 201.06dm2
Example 9: If the circumference of a circle is 9𝜋 𝑐𝑚, what is the area?
Solution: If C= 9𝜋 𝑐𝑚, then the radius r= 4.5cm
Thus, A= 3.1416(4.5)2
A= 3.1416(20.25)
A= 63.62cm2
Example 10: If the diameter of a circle is 6mm, what is its area?
1
Solution: If the diameter (d) = r, then r=3.
2
Thus, A= 3.1416(3)2
= 3.1416(9)
= 44.61cm
Example 11: If the radius of a circle is 7.1cm, what is its circumference?
Solution: r=7.1cm
C= 2𝜋𝑟
= 2(3.1416) (7.1)
= 2(22.31)
= 28.27 cm.

Activity 1A: Answer the following:

1. Write the formulas of the areas of rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle and circle. (10pts)
______________________ ____________________
______________________ ____________________
______________________
2. How can you estimate the area of a circle whose radius is 5 meters?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2A: Solve the following problems. (5pts each)

1. What is the area of a triangle if its base is 430 cm and its height is 3cm?

2. What is the area of a parallelogram whose dimension are 350dm and 10 ½ m?

3. What is the area of the circle if its radius is 3cm?

Activity 3A: Find the area of the following figures.
18dm
1) Solution: A=

12dm

11cm
2) Solution: A=
h= 6.4 cm

3) Solution: A=

r=0.26m

4) Solution: A=
h= 4mm

b= 9mm

5) s= 16cm Solution: A=

Activity 4A: Find the missing measure. Show your solution.

1. Area of a rectangle is 11cm2 with l= 3.6, w= _______

2. Area of a square is 144cm2 with side= ________
3. Area of rectangle is 180cm2 with l=30 c, w=_______
4. Area of a parallelogram is 126km2 with h= 4, b= _______
5. Area of a triangle is 25cm2 with b= 5, h= ________

Activity 5A: Solve the problems. Show your solution.

1. A parallelogram has an area of 235.25 cm2. Its altitude is 15.2 cm. Give its base.

2. The floor of a classroom measure 9 m by 12.5m. What is its area?

3. A square picture frame measure 255 mm on its side. What is its area?
 4. A triangle shape of a paper has altitude of 30.5 cm and base of 45 cm. Find its area.

5. The circumference of a circular dining table is 1.6𝜋 m. What is the area of the table?

Topic: MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS

Constant, Variable and Expressions

Below are some operation symbol which are useful to simplify algebraic expressions.

Total + Product x or ∙ 𝒐𝒓 ()
Sum + Times x or ∙ 𝒐𝒓 ()
Increased by + Quotient ÷ 𝒐𝒓 ∙ 𝒐𝒓 ()
Difference - Divided by ÷ 𝒐𝒓 /
Less than -
Decreased by -

Numbers like 3,-2,0.8 or the value of – are called CONSTANT.

Letters like a,b,c or x,y,z that are used to represent certain value are called VARIABLES.

The following are the examples of ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS: -4, x, a+b, 3xy-y+5.

Examples

PHRASES VARIABLES ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

3 more than a number y y+3
A number decreased by 5 s s-5
A number increased by 10 n n+10
12 less than a number t t-12
The difference when 7 is subtracted z 2-7
from a number
The sum of eight and a number m 5m or (5)(m) 0r 5 ∙ 𝑚
The quotient of ten and a number n 10
𝑛
or 10 ÷ n

Guided Practice: Write an expression for each word phrase.

1. 16 more than m ______________________

2. n divided by 3 ______________________
3. the product of c and 3 ______________________
4. 2 less than p ______________________
5. the sum of twice a number and 4 ______________________
Skill Booster

A. Give the variable in each expression.

1. y + 15 ______________________
2. 21m ______________________
3. 10-t ______________________
4. n+32 ______________________
5. 75 –x ______________________
6. 40(c) ______________________
52
7. 𝑝
______________________
8. 19 + t ______________________
9. 25xy ______________________
10. bc + 8 ______________________
B. Choose the expression for each phrase.
1. 2 less than a number n a. n +2 b. n-2 c. 2-n
2. A number j increased by 8. a. j-8 b. j+8 c. 8-j
3. 15 decreased by a number a. h-15 b. 15+h c. 15-h
4. The sum of 15 and a number n a. 15 +n b. n-15 c. 15-n
5. The product of five and a number x a. x+5 b. 5x c. 5-x
C. Give the expression for each phase.
1. 20 less than number r ________________________________
2. A number p increased by 25 ________________________________
3. The sum of 12 and a number m ________________________________
4. 23 more than the number p ________________________________
5. A number d minus 15 ________________________________

Topic: TRANSLATING VERBAL PHRASES TO MATHEMATICAL PHRASES AND VICE VERSA

Operational symbols- symbols used for operations.

SYMBOLS WORDS ASSOCIATED TO SYMBOLS

Plus sign + Addition, increased by, more than, sum of, added to
Minus sign - Subtraction, decreased by, diminished by, difference of,
subtracted from, less than
Multiplication sign x, •,() Multiplication, multiplied by, product of, times
Division sign ÷,/ Division, the quotient of, divided by, ratio of
Involution x2 which means the square of x, and y3 means the cube of y
Radical sign √ Evolution, the operation of taking a root, like √x, which
means the square root of x; and 3√y, which means the cube
root of y.

Symbols used to show the relation between two quantities are called RELATION SYMBOLS.

Equal = Is equal to
Less than < Is less than
Greater than > Is greater than
Unequal ≠ Is not equal to
Less than or equal to ≤ Is less than or equal to
Greater than or equal to ≥ Is greater than or equal to
Examples:

1) The area (A) of a square of side (s) is A= s2

2) The circumference (C) of a circle is twice the product of the 𝜋 and the radius (r) • C= 2𝜋𝑟.

Guided Practice: Express the following in mathematical phase.

1. The difference of eighteen and nine ______________________

2. Fifteen more than five ______________________
3. The square of seven in increased by ten ______________________
4. Multiply sic by the sum of three and two ______________________
5. Divide the sum of four and five by the difference of six
from fifteen ______________________

SKILL BOOSTER

A. Express the following in mathematical phrases.

1. Ten more than six _______________________
2. The difference of twelve and eight _______________________
3. The average of two numbers x and y _______________________
4. The sum of p and three _______________________
5. p squared _______________________
6. Thrice the sum of c and d _______________________
7. One-half the sum of m and n _______________________
8. Four more than twice a number n _______________________
9. Seven more than a number x _______________________
10. Ten less than the quotient of p divided by q _______________________
B. Translate the given expressions below into verbal phrases.
1. a + b _______________________
2. y-8 _______________________
𝑥+𝑦
3. 3
_______________________
4. 𝑐𝑑 _______________________
5. 3𝑚 + 1 _______________________
4𝑎
6. _______________________
2𝑏
7. 4𝑐 − 𝑚 _______________________
8. 𝑥𝑦 _______________________
9. (𝑥)(𝑥) _______________________
10. 5𝑚 + 23 _______________________

Topic: EVALUATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

To evaluate algebraic expressions means to substitute the variable in the expression with the given values. In the
algebraic expression 5a, a is the variable. The expression has a unique value for every value of a.
Example 1: Evaluate 5a if a= 6. Example 2: Find the value of (x-2y) +4 if x= 20
Solution: Replace a with 6. and y= 3.
5a= 5(6) Solution: Substitute 20 for x and 3 for y.
= 30 (x-2y) +4= [(20 − 2(3))] + 4
= [20-6]+4
= 14+4
= 18
 𝑐−ⅆ
Example 3: If c=28 and d= 4, what is 6 ?
Solution: Substitute 28 for c and 4 for d.
𝑐−ⅆ 28−4 24
= = =4
6 6 6
Example 4: Complete the table.
n 1 2 3 4 5
2n-1 2(1)-1= 2(2)-1= 2(3)-1= 2(4)-1= 2(5)-1=
1 3 5 7 9

Steps in Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

Perform the operations. If grouping is involved, work on the innermost parentheses first, then do the
following:
a. simplify terms with exponents.
b. multiply and divide from left to right
c. add and subtract from left to right
Remember!!!
Multiplication in an algebraic expression can be done in three ways.
1. Writing the factors side by side.
Example: 5mn
2. Using dots between factors
Example: 2a•c
3. Using parentheses to separate factors
Example: 4 (x+y)

Guided Practice

Evaluate if m=1, n= 2,p= 3. Show your solution.

1. 3mn-6p 4. 6mn-3n

2. m+3n 5. m+2n+3p

3. 10mnp

Activity 1: Supply the missing values in the table. Show your solution.
1.
x 0 1 2 3 4
𝟏
𝒙
𝟐

2.
x 0 1 2 3 4
𝒚+𝟏
𝒚
𝟐
 3.
X 0 𝟏 1 𝟏 3
𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
(t+1)(2t+1)
4.
X 0 1 2 3 4
2
x -3x+1
5.
m 10 8 3 2 1
n 5 4 2 3 1
5(m+n)(m-n)

TYPES OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

A. MONOMIALS

An algebraic expression may consist of one or more terms connected by either of the operation symbol (+) or (-).
A term in an algebraic expression may be:
1
֎ a number like 4, , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 -7
3
֎ a variable such as c,d, and e
1
֎ a product of a number and a variable like 4a,5b, and 4 𝑚.
֎ a product of two or more variables such as xy, mn, and prt.

 a term is a combination of variables and numbers written as a product or quotient and not as a sum or
difference
 a monomial is an algebraic expression with only one term.

Examples:

i. 6x is a monomial in x, with 6 as the coefficient of x and 1 is the exponent of x.

ii. -3xy → -3 is the numerical coefficient; x and y are the variables or literal coefficients.
3 3
iii. 5
𝑦 → 5 is the numerical coefficient; y is the literal coefficient.
iv. −7 − 7 is the constant monomial.
-7 -7 can be written as 7x0

Any real number, except zero with zero as an exponent, is equal to 1, that is x0, where x≠ 0.

Observe the following:

√𝑥 The variable is under the radical sign.
1
This can be written as𝑥 2 . Therefore, the exponent is not a whole number.
8
𝑦
The variable is in the denominator
This can be expressed as 8𝑦 −1. The exponent is not a whole number.
4x-2 The exponent is not a whole number.
3(a+b) This is a monomial
3 is the numerical coefficient of (a+b)

(a+b) is taken as one because it is enclosed in parentheses.

 3
𝑐 −9 This is not a monomial.
4
3
There are two terms already, 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 9.
4
wxy This is a monomial. It is a product of two or more variables.
x+y This is not a monomial. It has a two terms.
0.5m This is a monomial. It is a product of a number and a variable.

The following are the characteristics of a monomial term.

1. The variables do not appear under the radical sign.

2. The variables are not in the denominator.
3. The exponent of each variable is a whole number.

Activity 1A: Tell whether the following is a monomial or not.

1) 9 _____________________ 6) 5 _______________________
2) x+y _____________________ 7) -7x _______________________
3) √3𝑥 2 _____________________ 8) x2 _______________________
𝑥
4) 𝑎2b _____________________ 9) 𝑦 _______________________
2
5) _____________________ 10)50mn _______________________
𝑥

Topic: ADDITION ON MONOMIALS

Similar terms are terms which have the same literal coefficients and exponents.

Dissimilar terms are terms which do not have the same literal coefficients.

o Only similar terms may be added in monomial terms. Add the numerical coefficients using the rule in addition of
signed numbers and affix similar literal coefficients and exponents.
Example 1: Add 3x + 8x + 5x.
3x + 8x + 5x= (3+8+5)x
= 16x

Example 2: Add 23ab,12ab,-9ab, and –ab

23ab,12ab,-9ab, and –ab= (23+12-9-1)ab
= 25ab
Example 3: Add y +7y2 -8y-4y2
Solution: The terms in y and -8y are similar, and 7y2 and -4y2 are also similar. Using the commutative property, you
have---
y +7y2 -8y-4y2= y-8y+ 7y2-4y2
= -7y+3y2
Activity 1: Identify if the given terms below are similar or dissimilar.
1) 12 + 8a __________________ 6) x4y + xy4 __________________
2 2
2) 2n + (-5n ) __________________ 7) 5ab + 4ab __________________
3) 4t +(-t)+6t __________________ 8) 11x + (-9x2) __________________
1
4) 6x +4y __________________ 9) (-ab) 4 ab __________________
3 2
5) 8a + (-5a ) __________________ 10) 65a + (-75a) __________________

Activity 2: Combine similar terms.

 1) 8m + 13m= ___________ 6)-8x-3x+14x= ___________
2) 15b + 3b = ___________ 7) 4y – 6y-y= ___________
3) -3x + 8x = ___________ 8) 18x + 8x +x = ___________
4) 16y + 2y= ___________ 9) -4q-17q6q= ___________
5) –c +(-4c)= ___________ 10) 2x + (-x) +8x= ___________

Activity 3: Supply the correct expression that will make the sentence true.

1) __________ + 12.3t= 3.5t

2) -0.6y +_________ = -0.35y
3) ________+5n=-12n
4) -05d+ ________=-12n
3 1
5) 𝑎+ ______= 𝑎
4 4
6) ________ + (-0.19c)=-0.17c
1 3
7) ___________ + (− 4 𝑟) = 8r
2
8) 𝑥+ _______=-x
3
9) 9.2e +______= -1.3e
10) ______ + (-0.9)c =-0.2c

Topic: SUBTRACTION OF MONOMIALS

- to subtract monomials, subtract their numerical coefficients as signed numbers and affix the literal
coefficients. Like addition of monomials, only similar terms can be subtracted.
Examples:
1. Subtract 8m and 10m Vertical Method 5. Subtract -7y from -15x.

Solution: 8m 8m Solution: 15x – (-7y)= 15x + 7y

8m – 10m= -2m 10m (-)10m
-2 The term -7y cannot be subtracted from 15x
because they are not similar terms. Their
2. Subtract -12c and 8c Vertical Method
difference can only be expressed.
-12c – 8c = -20c -12n -12c
8n (-) 8c
-20c

3 . Subtract -25a from 8a Vertical Method

Solution: 8m 8m
8a - (-25a) = 8a + 25a 10m (-)10m
= 33a -2

4. Subtract the first monomial from the second monomial.

a. 9x2y; 11x2y Solutions:
b. -48mn; 72mn a. 11x2y - 9x2y= 2x2y
c. 1.7pr; -1.05pr b. 72mn – (- -48mn)= 72mn + 48mn=
120mn
c. -1.05pr - 1.7pr= 2.75pr