BICOL UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
AY 2019-2020

LABORATORY PLAN
EXPERIMENT 1 in Analytical Chemistry:
ACID-BASE TITRATION UTILIZING SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH)
AND POTASSIUM HYDROGEN PTHALATE (KHP)

Gonzales, Ernesto V Dado

BS ChE – 1C

Engr. Jeremiah Burac

Instructor
I. INTRODUCTION
Analytical chemistry is a more specific sector of chemistry that deals with the analysis,
identification and quantification of different materials under study (also known as analytes). One
kind of method that involves quantitative analysis under the said field is the wet chemical method,
which uses prepared solutions in order to facilitate analysis. A specific type of wet chemical method
is titration, which involves the use of an indicator to find the equivalence point in a reaction between
the analyte and a titrant. This method is usually more preferred because it is more economically
efficient due to its cost, however it is more prone to inaccuracies. In this undertaking, the student
will demonstrate a titration set-up using Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an analyte, titrated with
Potassium Hydrogen phthalate (KHP), using Phenolphthalein (C20H14O4)as an indicator.

II. OBJECTIVES:

1. To be able to create an efficient titration set-up

2. Demonstrate acid-base titration utilizing the said reagents

3. Demonstrate proficiency in observing laboratory safety and guidelines

III. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS

Item APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT

no. Quantity Specifications Description
1 1 Iron Stand
2 1 Iron Clamp
3 2 25 mL Buret
4 1 50 mL Graduated Cylinder
5 5 125 mL Erlenmeyer Flask
6 1 25 mL Volumetric Pipette
7 1 10 mL Volumetric Pipette
8 1 Medium Aspirator
9 1 90 mm Funnel, glass
10 1 Analytical Balance
11 3 50 mL Beaker
12 1 100 mL Volumetric Flask
13 1 Wash Bottle
Table 1. Laboratory equipment needed

Item REAGENT
no. Quantity Description
1 1g KHP
2 ~100 mL NaOH
3 1 mL Phenolphthalein
4 1L Distilled Water
Table 2. Reagents
IV. PROCEDURES:

A. PREPARATION BEFORE ACTUAL PROCEDURE

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be acquired and worn prior to
the experimentation. This includes the lab gown, gloves, face mask, and
closed-toe shoes.
2. The laboratory plan is accomplished days before the experimentation for
further modification. It must also be reviewed and understood to ensure the
ease of experimentation.
3. A laboratory borrower’s slip is done days before the experiment to be
submitted to the laboratory technician for the preparation of the required
laboratory apparatus and reagents.
4. A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each reagent must be familiarized
before the experimentation proper.

B. REAGENT PREPARATION
1. Weigh 1 gram of Potassium Hydrogen phthalate (KHP) in an analytical balance.
Record the garnered amount. Then, transfer weighed reagent to a beaker and
dissolve with 100 mL of water, measured from the graduated cylinder. Transfer to
Erlenmeyer flask and label.

2. Calculate the volume needed to create a 0.1 M, 100 mL NaOH solution. Measure
the calculated volume using a volumetric pipette, and transfer to a volumetric flask
with a small amount of water. Agitate the flask to evenly mix the NaOH with the
water, and transfer to an Erlenmeyer flask and label. Divide 24 mL of this diluted
solution in three other Erlenmeyer flasks. Add three drops of Phenolphthalein
indicator in each of the three flasks. Record this starting volume.

C. SET-UP PREPARATION
1. Prepare designated space for the titration set-up.

2. Fixate iron clamp to iron stand.

3. Situate buret in iron clamp, ensuring there is enough space underneath for
the Erlenmeyer flask.

D. EXPERIMENT PROPER
1. Situate funnel in the 25 mL buret. Pour some amount of Potassium
Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP) in the buret. Turn the stopper and allow it to
drip to an unused beaker. Afterwards, turn the stopper closed, and fill the
buret with more KHP, and record this amount until it reaches 0.1 mL.
Situate the Erlenmeyer flask containing the diluted Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) solution under the buret with a clean sheet of white paper
underneath, making sure that the buret is directly on top of the flask’s
opening. Then, turn the stopper to allow droplets of the titrant to drip to the
flask, while constantly swirling the flask. If the drops of KHP cling to the
side of the flask, rinse the sides with distilled water.

2. Droplets of the titrant to the analyte will start to form a color as they drop
more. Phenolphthalein goes from a colorless solution to a fuchsia color. If
this color dissipates longer while swirling, adjust the stopper for a slower
 drop-wise pouring. Once a faint discoloration can be observed in the
solution, turn the stopper so that it stops dropping. Rinse the buret’s tip
with distilled water. If the solution still stays with the discoloration, then
the solution has reached equivalence point. Record the amount of titrant
left in the buret.

3. If the solution loses its color once the rinsed water incorporates with the
solution in the beaker, repeat the dropping process until the faint
discoloration is observed. If the solution exhibits a strong color, this means
that the solution had too much titrant. If this is the case, then back-titration
can be done, by replacing the buret’s content with the analyte substance,
and treated witb a similar dropping process as of the titrant’s. Record the
amount of analyte substance added to find equivalence point.

E. LABORATORY SET-UP

buret
iron clamp

standardized
solution (titrant)
iron stand

sample to be
titrated (analyte)

Erlenmeyer
flask