Nivel A4

Comparatives and superlatives

The comparatives
The comparatives adjetives are to compare a specific characteristic or quality between two or
more things, animals or people.
Los adjetivos comparativos se utilizan para comparar una característica específica o cualidad
entre dos o más cosas, animales o personas.

COMPARATETIVES (THAN)
1.- In the short 2.- Monosyllables 3.- the adjectives 4.- Adjectives with 5.- Irregular comparatives
adjectives we that end in ending in "y" are more than two
add "er" Consonant Vocal replaced by "i" silavos are added
Consonant are and "er" is added "more" before the
added "er" adjective

taller hotter funny / funnier more expensive good / better

shorter big / bigger happy / happier more mordern bad / worse
nice / nicer thinner heavy / heavier more interesting little / less
smaller fat / fatter dry / drier more beautiful many - much / more
higher newer pretty / prettier more handsome far / farther
longer ungly / unglier more intelligent
wide / wider specy / spicier
younger
older
sadder
shorter

Examples

Carlos is sadder than Juan

The rabit es smoller than lion
I was more beautiful than you
Maria was more mordern than Sofia
Frances is bigger country than Britain
Maria and Sofia are unglier than my friend Paola
 The superlatives
Superlative adjectives express the maximum degree of a characteristic of an element with
respect to others of its same group or condition.
Los superlative adjectives expresan el grado máximo de una característica de un elemento con
respecto a otros de su mismo grupo o condición.

SUPERLATIVES (THE)
1.- In the short 2.- Monosyllables 3.- the adjectives 4.- Adjectives with 5.- Irregular superlatives
adjectives we that end in ending in "y" are more than two
add "est" Consonant Vocal replaced by "i" silavos are added
Consonant are and "est" is "most" before the
added "est" added adjective

tallest hottest funny / funniest most expensive good / best

shortest big / biggest happy / happiest most mordern bad / worst
fastest thinnest heavy / heaviest most interesting little / least
smallest fat / fattest dry / driest most beautiful many - much / most
highest newest pretty / prettiest most handsome far / farthest
longest ungly / ungliest most intelligent
shortest specy / spiciest
youngest
oldest
saddest
6.- To
superlative
adjectives
ending in "e" is
added "st"
widest
nicest
safest

Examples

Balentina is the most intelligent

You are the best
The spiciest food in the world is Mexico
The fastes car is the blue one
Marcelo is the tallest in the class
The door to my house is the widest
 Plural nouns
The plural nouns

Most singular nouns are made plural by simply putting an -s at the end. There are many different
rules regarding pluralization depending on what letter a noun ends in. Irregular nouns do not
follow plural noun rules, so they must be memorized or looked up in the dictionary.

La mayoría de los sustantivos singulares se hacen en plural simplemente poniendo una -s al

final. Hay muchas reglas diferentes con respecto a la pluralización dependiendo de en qué letra
termina un sustantivo. Los sustantivos irregulares no siguen reglas de sustantivo plural, por lo
que deben memorizarse o buscarse en el diccionario.

There are many plural noun rules, and because we use nouns so frequently when writing, it’s
important to know all of them! The correct spelling of plurals usually depends on what letter the
singular noun ends in.

Hay muchas reglas de sustantivos en plural, y debido a que usamos sustantivos con tanta
frecuencia cuando escribimos, ¡es importante conocerlos todos! La ortografía correcta de los
plurales generalmente depende de en qué letra termina el sustantivo singular.

Plural nouns rules

3.-In some cases, 4.- If the noun ends 5.- If a singular noun ends
singular nouns with "f" or "fe", the in "y" and the letter before
2.-If the singular ending in "s" or f is often changed to the "y" is a consonant,
1.- To make noun ends in "s", "z", require that "ve" before adding change the ending to "ies"
regular nouns, "ss", "sh", "ch", you double the the "s" to form the to make the noun plural.
add "s" to the "x", or "z", add "s" or "z" prior to plural version.
end "es" to the end to adding the "es"
make it plural. for pluralization.

cat - cats truss - trusses fez - fezzes wife - wives city – cities
dog - dogs bus – buses gas - gasses wolf - wolves puppy – puppies
car - cars marsh – marshes life - lives party - parties
book - books lunch – lunches wife - wives body - bodies
house - houses tax – taxes knife - knives baby - babies
blitz – blitzes shelf - shelves fly - flaies
box – boxes Exceptions: lady - ladies
church – churches roof – roofs
belief – beliefs
chef – chefs
chief – chiefs
 Plural nouns
6.- If the singular 8.-If the singular 9.-If the singular 10.- If the singular noun
noun ends in noun ends in noun ends in "is", ends in "on", the plural
"y" and the 7.-If the singular "us", the plural the plural ending is ending is "a".
letter before the noun ends in "o", ending is "es".
"y" is a vowel, add "es" to make it frequently "i".
simply add an plural.
"s" to make it
plural.
ray – rays tomato - tomatoes cactus – cacti analysis – analyses phenomenon – phenomena
boy – boys hero – heroes focus – foci ellipsis – ellipses criterion – criteria
toy - toys potato – potatoes
key - keys Exceptions:
day - days photo – photos
vowelty - voweltyspiano – pianos
halo – halos
11.-Some nouns
don’t change at
all when they’re
pluralized.
sheep – sheep Plural nouns rules for irregular nouns
series – series
Irregular nouns follow no specific rules, so it’s best to memorize these or look up the proper
species – speciespluralization in the dictionary.
deer – deer child – children
fish - fish goose – geese
water - water man – men
wine - wine woman – women
tooth – teeth
foot – feet
mouse – mice
person – people
 Possessives adjetives and possessive pronouns

The possessives adjetives

The possessive adjectives are mainly used to indicate that something belongs or is part of
someone. We also use them to express kinship, friendship or work relationships (people or
animals) and to talk about the parts of the human body.
Los adjetivos posesivos se utilizan principalmente para indicar que algo pertenece o que forma
parte de alguien. También los usamos para expresar relaciones de parentesco, amistad o trabajo
(personas o animales) y para hablar de las partes del cuerpo humano.

The possessives pronouns

The possessives my, mine, you, yours, his, his, etc., are used to indicate that something belongs
or is part of something. They vary according to the holder and not according to the amount
possessed.
Los posesivos mi, mío, tu, tuyo, su, suyo, etc., se utilizan para indicar que algo pertenece o
forma parte de algo. Varían según el poseedor y no según la cantidad poseída.

Personal Possessive Possessive

pronouns adjectives pronouns
I my mine
You your yours
He his his
She her hers
It its its
We our ours
You your yours
They their theirs

Examples

I have a pet, so this pet is mine.

This is your problem, not my problem.
This is my collection.
Is she your daughter?
Mary has a hat. That hat is hers.
That is my cushion. Yours is there.
Simple past and past continuous