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managers can
use to decide whether to commit to a particular investment opportunity,
or to rank the desirability of various opportunities. IRR i s
defined as the discount rate at which the NPV of an investment
equals zero.
HURDLE RATE: You can use your company’s hurdle rate as the IRR target. The CFO
usually prescribes the hurdle rate. The hurdle rate is a minimal rate
of return t h a t all investments for a particular enterprise must
achieve. The IRR of the investment under consideration
must exceed the hurdle rate in order for the company to go
forward with it.
Where:
Re = cost of equity
Rd = cost of debt
E = market value of the firm's equity
D = market value of the firm's debt
V=E+D
E/V = percentage of financing that is equity
D/V = percentage of financing that is debt
Tc = corporate tax rate
Businesses often discount cash flows at WACC to determine the Net Present Value (NPV) of a project, using the
formula:
A firm's WACC is the overall required return on the firm as a whole and, as such, it is often used internally by
company directors to determine the economic feasibility of expansionary opportunities and mergers. It is the
appropriate discount rate to use for cash flows with risk that is similar to that of the overall firm
PAID-UP CAPITAL -The total amount of shareholder capital that has been paid in full by shareholders.
Paid-up capital is essentially the portion of authorized stock that the company has issued and received payment
for. The amount of money that has been received by shareholders who have completely paid
for their purchased shares. This would not include any shares that have been bid on, but not
yet purchased.