Obstetrics and Gynecology

(Includes Social Obstetrics [I] and Family Welfare [II])

Refer: DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics: 8th Ed/ Mudaliar and Menon’s Clinical Obstetrics: 11th Ed/ Shaw’s Textbook of Gynecology: 16th Ed

Obstetrics including Social Obstetrics

Section One: Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter-1: The Pelvis

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Diagonal conjugate
2. Pelvic inlet
3. What are the planes of inlet, mid-pelvis and outlet in the true pelvis?

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Diagonal conjugate
2. Diameters of the pelvic inlet (**)
3. Obstetric conjugate and its importance
4. Occipitofrontal diameter

Chapter-2: The Female Organs of Generation

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-3: Physiology of Ovulation and Menstruation

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Signs of ovulation
 2. Evaluation of tubal factor in fertility (TKMC)(maybe gynecology)

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-4: Fertilization of Ovum and Development of Embryo

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Oligohydramnios
2. Polyhydramnios (**)
3. Fetal circulation
4. Causes of hydramnios and management

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Implantation
2. Define polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios

Section Two: Physiology of Pregnancy

Chapter-5: Maternal Changes due to Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Hematological changes during pregnancy (****)

2. Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy
3. CVS changes during pregnancy (**)
4. Genital tract changes during pregnancy
5. Breast feeding changes in pregnancy (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Human chorionic gonadotropin

2. Hematological changes during pregnancy
3. Urinary tract changes during pregnancy
Chapter-6: Diagnosis of Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Hegar’s sign (****)

2. Braxton-Hicks contraction
3. Quickening
4. Differential diagnosis of pregnancy
5. Pregnancy- diagnostic tests
6. Osiander’s sign

Chapter-7: The Fetus in Normal Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Diameters of the fetal skull (with diagram)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Sagittal suture and its importance

Chapter-8: Prenatal Care

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Antenatal care & importance

2. Prophylactic iron therapy

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Aims/objectives of antenatal care (***)

2. Immunizations during pregnancy (**)
3. Importance of prenatal care
4. Prophylactic iron therapy
Chapter-9: Drugs in Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-10: Antepartum fetal surveillance

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Biophysical profile
2. Diagnosis of fetal distress (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Non-reactive non stress test (**)

2. Non stress test (**)
3. Reactive non stress test

Section Three: Physiology of Labor and Puerperium

Chapter-11: Causation and Stages of Labor

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Differentiate true labor pains from false labor pains

2. 1st stage of labor
3. Normal 2nd stage of labor (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Bandl’s ring (****)

2. False labor pains
3. Cervical ripening
4. Drugs used for cervical ripening
Chapter-12: The Mechanism of Labor

ESSAYS:

1. How will you diagnose ROP clinically? Discuss the mechanism of labor in ROP in a) Anthropoid
pelvis b) Android pelvis and its management in each condition.
2. Define normal labor. Write the mechanisms and management of normal labor.

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Define normal labor

2. Restitution
3. Engagement

Chapter-13: Conduct of Normal Labor

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Retained placenta
2. Epidural anesthesia
3. Management of 3rd stage of labor
4. Complete perineal tear (****) management
5. Episiotomy (****) types and complications

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Active management of third stage of labor (**)

Chapter-14: Intrapartum surveillance

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Monitoring uterine activity during labor

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-15: Normal Puerperium

ESSAYS:

1. What is puerperium? Describe the complications of puerperium and its management

SHORT NOTES:

1. Mention the 2 hormones involved in milk secretion and milk ejection. Enumerate the
advantages of breast feeding. (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Define puerperium

Section Four: Complications of Pregnancy

Chapter-16: Early pregnancy complications

ESSAYS:

1. What are the signs, symptoms, clinical features of ectopic pregnancy? Discuss conservative
management of ectopic pregnancy
2. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of hyperemesis gravidarum.
3. What are the causes of second trimester abortions? How do you diagnose and manage a case of
cervical incompetence (**)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Vesicular mole and management

2. Inevitable abortion (**)
3. Incomplete abortion (***)
4. Differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
5. Missed abortion(******)
6. Hyperemesis gravidarum (**)
7. Follow up of vesicular mole (**)
8. Recurrent abortions – Etiology and investigations
9. Enumerate the causes of first trimester pregnancy loss

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Inevitable abortion
2. Circlage stitch/Encirclage
3. Etiology of hyperemesis
4. Recurrent abortions
 5. Criteria for medical management of ectopic pregnancy
6. Follow up post vesicular mole evacuation
7. Incomplete abortion and management
8. Diagnosis and management of missed abortion

Chapter-17: Anemia in Pregnancy

ESSAYS:

1. What are the causes of anemia? (**) How will you manage a term pregnant lady with 6g% Hb?
2. Discuss etiology, diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy (**)
3. A primi with 26 weeks of pregnancy presents with Hb 7g% Discuss investigations and
management in pregnancy and in labor

SHORT NOTES:

1. Anemia in pregnancy- prevention

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Classification of anemia during pregnancy

Chapter-18: Hypertensive disorders of Pregnancy

ESSAYS:

1. Define eclampsia. Mention the types and complications. Discuss management of eclampsia
2. What are the symptoms and signs of severe pregnancy induced hypertension? How do you
manage severe PIH at term gestation?
3. Classify hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. How would you manage a case of mild PIH at 32
weeks of pregnancy?
4. Define eclampsia. Describe eclamptic fits management in labor
5. Classify hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications
of pre eclampsia and management of eclampsia

SHORT NOTES:

1. Management of eclampsia (***)/antepartum eclampsia

2. Anti-hypertensive drugs in pregnancy
3. MgSO4 therapy in obstetrics
4. Antepartum eclampsia
5. HELLP syndrome
SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Mention the complications of eclpamsia

2. HELLP syndrome (**)
3. Anti-hypertensives used in pregnancy
4. Why should we cut short the second stage of labor in severe PIH?
5. Pathogenesis of preeclampsia
6. Differential diagnosis of convulsions during pregnancy
7. Magnesium sulphate in eclampsia (**)
8. Definition of eclampsia
9. Define pregnancy induced hypertension. Classify hypertensive diseases in pregnancy

Chapter-19: Antepartum hemorrhage: Abruptio Placenta

ESSAYS:

1. Primi gravid, 20 years, came with bleeding PV at 8 months amenorrhoea. What is the differential
diagnosis? Discuss the management of abruption placenta and its complications.

SHORT NOTES:

1. Couvelaire uterus (**)

2. Signs and symptoms of abruption placenta
3. How will one differentiate antepartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa from abruption
placenta?

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Couvelaire uterus
2. Complications of abruption placenta

Chapter-20: Antepartum hemorrhage: Placenta Previa

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss etiology and types of placenta previa. How would you manage a 3rd gravida with 32
weeks of pregnancy with posterior placenta previa?
2. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and management of placenta previa.
3. Define antepartum hemorrhage. What are its causes? How do you manage a case of placenta
previa?
4. Define antepartum hemorrhage. Discuss the etiology, types, clinical features, differential
diagnosis and management of placenta previa at 32 weeks gestation
SHORT NOTES:

1. Management of placenta previa

2. Expectant management of placenta previa

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-21: Preterm birth

ESSAYS:

1. Define preterm labor. Explain the etiology and management (**)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Causes of preterm labor

2. Prevention of preterm labor
3. Diagnosis and management of preterm labor

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Define prematurity. Mention 2 complications

Chapter-22: Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction

ESSAYS:

1. Define intrauterine growth restriction. Describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of
intrauterine growth restriction

SHORT NOTES:

1. Intrauterine growth restriction

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-23: Prolonged Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

1. Complications of post-maturity
SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Etiology of prolonged pregnancy

Chapter-24: Multiple Pregnancy

ESSAYS:

1. Define multiple pregnancy. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and complications of multiple
pregnancy and management (***)
2. Discuss types of twins and fetal complications in multiple pregnancy. Elaborate on the diagnosis
and management of a primigravida at 36 weeks who is diagnosed to have twin pregnancy. Brief
on intra-partum and postpartum management

SHORT NOTES:

1. Delivery of 2nd twin – in transverse lie with cord prolapsed

2. Complications of twin pregnancy (***)
3. Conjoint twins

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Enumerate the antenatal complications encountered in multiple pregnancies

Chapter-25: Rhesus Iso-immunization

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Rh-isoimmunisation (**)
2. Erythroblastosis fetalis

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Prevention of Rh-isoimmunisation (**)

2. Prophylaxis of Rh isoimmunisation
Section Five: Diseases complicating Pregnancy

Chapter-26: Diseases of the Cardio-vascular system

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Management of patient with heart disease complicating pregnancy during labor (***)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Infective endocarditis prophylaxis in labor

Chapter-27: Liver Diseases in Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-28: Tuberculosis in Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-29: Maternal Infections during Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. HIV in pregnancy
2. Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV infection (**)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Universal precautions to be observed in treating HIV patient (**)

Chapter-30: Diabetes in Pregnancy

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the indications for screening and methods for screening for GDM. Elaborate on the
management of Mrs. X, G3 P2 L2 diagnosed to have GDM at 32 weeks of pregnancy. Brief on
maternal/fetal complications

SHORT NOTES:

1. Screening for diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (**)

2. Glycosuria in pregnancy
3. Diagnosis of gestational diabetes
4. Gestational diabetes
5. Neonatal complications in a diabetic mother
6. Oral glucose challenge test
7. Oral glucose tolerance test using 75g glucose
8. GDM diagnosis and management

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Oral glucose challenge test

Chapter-31: Diseases of the Urinary System

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Asymptomatic bacteruria

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Asymptomatic bacteruria (**)

2. Causes for renal failure in obstetrics

Chapter-32: Tumors of the Uterus and Adnexa

ESSAYS:

SHORT NOTES:
 1. Fibroid complicating pregnancy

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-33: Surgical emergencies during pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Section Six: Abnormal Labor

Chapter-34: Abnormal Fetal Presentation

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Shoulder presentation
2. Face to pubis delivery (**)

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-35: Transverse or Oblique lie; Breech Presentation

ESSAYS:

1. Describe the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management (**) of primigravida, 30
weeks pregnant with breech presentation (**)
2. Discuss etiology, diagnosis and management of a case of transverse lie at term in early labor
3. What are the causes of breech presentation? How do you manage breech presentation at 34-36
weeks of pregnancy?
4. A primigravid woman has come at 37 weeks gestation with no risk factors other than breech
presentation. Describe how one should plan her mode of delivery and what procedure should
be done to facilitate normal delivery

SHORT NOTES:

1. Management/delivery of after coming head of breech (***)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Causes of breech presentation

2. Causes of difficulty in delivery of after-coming head in breech
3. Delivery of after-coming head

Chapter-36: Compound Presentation

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Cord prolapse (**)

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-37: Dystocia due to anomalies of the expulsive forces

ESSAYS:

1. What is obstructed labor? Write causes and treatment.

SHORT NOTES:

1. Partogram (******) [*How do you monitor a patient in labor]

2. Diagnosis and management of obstructed labor
3. Assessment of cephalopelvic disproportion (**)
4. Shoulder dystocia (**)
5. In-coordinate uterine action (**)
6. Difference between constriction ring and contraction ring dystocia
7. Trial labor
8. What is alert line, action line and their importance
9. Partograph

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Precipitate labor (**)

2. Causes of obstructed labor (**)
3. Hypotonic uterine inertia
4. Munro-Kerr-Muller method
5. Uterine inertia
Chapter-38: Abnormalities of the Reproductive Tract

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-39: Complications of third stage labor

ESSAYS:

1. Describe the causes of post partum hemorrhage. Discuss in detail the predisposing causes,
diagnosis and management of atonic post-partum hemorrhage (**)
2. Enumerate the important complications of the 3rd stage of labor, Describe causes and
management of atonic PPH
3. List the factors predisposing to atonic PPH. Describe the management of severe atonic PPH in a
primipara aged 24 years
4. What are the causes for III stage complications? Explain the management of postpartum
hemorrhage
5. What are the causes of rupture uterus? Signs and symptoms of obstructed labor and their
management
6. Define postpartum hemorrhage. Discuss the management and complications

SHORT NOTES:

1. Rupture uterus
2. Atonic post-partum hemorrhage (***) Predisposing causes (**) and management
3. Active management of third stage labor
4. Placenta accreta
5. Inversion of uterus/ Acute uterine inversion
6. Internal iliac ligation
7. Placenta percreta
8. Describe the procedure of manual removal of placenta

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Manual removal of placenta

2. Define postpartum hemorrhage
Chapter-40: Injuries to the Parturient Canal

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Vulval hematoma

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-41: Puerperal Infection

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Puerperal sepsis (***) Prevention and treatment

2. Discuss the importance of post natal care. Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and
management of puerperal sepsis
3. Puerperal pyrexia
4. Deep vein thrombosis

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Predisposing causes for puerperal sepsis

2. Causes of puerperal pyrexia
3. Puerperal pyrexia

Section Seven: The Newborn and Neonatal problems

Chapter-42: Resuscitation and Examination of the Newborn

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Care of newborn
2. Neonatal resuscitation (**)
3. Apgar score

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Apgar score
Chapter-43: Feeding of the newborn and Immunization

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Breastfeeding
2. Baby friendly hospital

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Breast feeding

Chapter-44: Respiratory distress and Neonatal Sepsis

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-45: Neonatal Jaundice

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Jaundice in newborn
2. Physiological jaundice
3. Neonatal jaundice
4. Causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-46: Neonatal problems and their management

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Cephalhematoma (**)
2. Caput succedaneum
3. Neonatal convulsions
SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Cephalhematoma (**)

Section Eight: Obstetric Operations

Chapter-47: The Forceps

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Forceps in obstetrics
2. Outlet forceps (**)
3. Prophylactic outlet forceps
4. Advantages of ventouse over forceps
5. Suction cup delivery
6. Complications of forceps application
7. Indications of forceps in modern obstetrics (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Prerequisites for the application of outlet forceps

2. Chignon
3. Advantages of vacuum
4. Outlet forceps (**)

Chapter-48: Version and Destructive Operations

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. External cephalic version (***) Indications and contraindications

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. External cephalic version

2. Craniotomy
3. Internal podalic version
4. Definition and indication for ECV
Chapter-49: Cesarean Section

ESSAYS:

1. Define caesarean section. Enumerate the indications (**) for lower segment caesarean section.
Discuss the management of a case of previous LSCS posted for vaginal delivery (**)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Technique of Lower Segment Caesarian Section(LSCS)

2. Complications of emergency caesarean section
3. Vaginal birth after caesarean section

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Advantages of elective caesarean section (***)

2. Four advantages of LSCS over classical section
3. Indications for classical caesarian section (**)
4. Vaginal birth after caesarean
5. Complications of VBAC

Chapter-50: Induction of Labor

ESSAYS:

1. What is induction of labor? (***) What are the indications and methods (***) used for inducing
labor? Contraindications (**)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Prostaglandins
2. Oxytocins
3. Mention the indications (**), contra-indications and complications of induction of labor
4. Syntocinon in obstetrics
5. Bishop’s score

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Indications of prostaglandins
2. Indications of induction of labor (**)
3. Complications of ARM (**)
4. Complications of induction of labor
5. Prostaglandins
Section Nine: Miscellaneous

Chapter-51: Maternal Mortality

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Define maternal mortality (***) enumerate causes

2. Safe motherhood initiative
3. RCH intervention
4. Criteria of maternal mortality
5. Causes of maternal mortality
6. Definition and causes of maternal mortality

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Causes of maternal mortality

2. RCH interventions
3. Maternal mortality
4. Define maternal mortality and perinatal mortality rates

Chapter-52: Perinatal Mortality

ESSAYS:

1. Describe the causes, diagnosis and management of intrauterine fetal death

SHORT NOTES:

1. Intrauterine death (***) with complications

2. Causes of early neonatal deaths and prevention
3. Perinatal mortality (**)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Prevention of perinatal mortality

Chapter-53: Coagulation disorders in Obstetrics

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Causes of coagulation failure in obstetrics

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Causes for coagulation disorders in obstetrics

Chapter-54: Imaging techniques

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Ultrasound in 1st Trimester (***)

2. Obstetric ultrasound scan/Role of USG in obstetrics (**)
3. Hydrops fetalis
4. Hydrocephalus (**)
5. Anencephaly

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Any 4 indications for USG in obstetrics

2. Anencephaly
3. Laparoscopy (TKMC)

Chapter-55: Prenatal diagnosis

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Techniques of prenatal diagnosis

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-56: Contraception

ESSAYS: ---
SHORT NOTES:

1. Surgical method of contraception

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Minilap Technique (TKMC)

2. IUCD (TKMC)
3. Hormonal contraception (TKMC)
4. Surgical method of contraception (TKMC)
5. Puerperal sterilisation (TKMC)
6. Interval sterilisation(TKMC)

Chapter-57: Medical Termination of Pregnancy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. 1st trimester MTP

2. Complications of 1st trimester MTP

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Mifepristone (**)
2. Indications for MTP under the MTP act

Chapter-Unclassified:

ESSAY:

1. Primi with 36 weeks gestation with BP 140/100 with painful bleeding PV. Discuss diagnosis,
investigations, management and complications
2. Discuss the causes and management of unengaged head in a primi at term (TKMC)(as part of
contracted pelvis)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Fetal distress (**) in labor

2. What is BOH? Enumerate the causes of BOH (**)
3. USG findings in IUD of fetus
 4. Placenta succenturia
5. Causes of IUD and management
6. Physiology of lactation
7. Define and explain the management of deep transverse arrest
8. Deep transverse arrest (****)
9. Birth asphyxia
10. If LMP is not known, describe the methods by which EDD could be arrived at
11. Meconium aspiration syndrome
12. Complications in a grand multi during pregnancy and labor (TKMC)
13. Habitual abortion (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Danger signs in pregnancy

2. Causes of unengaged head at term
3. Decidual cast
4. Indication of cervicotomy
5. Causes of birth asphyxia
6. Meconium aspiration syndrome
7. Pre-conceptional counseling
8. Secondary arrest of labor
9. Causes of mobile head at term (**)
10. Causes of lower abdominal pain during pregnancy
11. Moulding
12. Pudendal block (**)
13. Scar dehiscence
14. Indications of caesarean hysterectomy
15. Prophylactic methergine
16. Dose of oxytocin in induction of labor and in PPH
17. Complications of suction evacuation
18. Complications of puerperium
19. Battledore placenta
20. Birth asphyxia
 Gynecology and Family Welfare
Chapter- 1: Anatomy

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Supports of the uterus (*****)[*pelvic diaphragm]

2. Lymphatic drainage of cervix (*****)
3. Levator ani
4. Anatomy of fallopian tube
5. Pelvic lymphatic drainage
6. Pubic diaphragm

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Uterine artery
2. Mention ligamental supports of the uterus
3. Lymphatic drainage of vulva
4. Clinical significance of Pouch of Douglas
5. Lymphatic drainage of the cervix
6. Course of Pelvic ureter
7. Perineal body
8. Uterine artery

Chapter-2: Normal Histology

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Graafian follicle (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Proliferative phase

Chapter-3: Physiology

ESSAYS:

1. Define normal menstrual cycle and discuss phases of normal menstrual cycle
SHORT NOTES:

1. Luteal phase
2. Feedback mechanism
3. Secretory phase of endometrium

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Corpus luteum

Chapter-4: Puberty, Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Anorexia Nervosa
2. Delayed menarche

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Precocious puberty

Chapter-5: Perimenopause, Menopause, Premature Menopause and Post-Menopausal bleeding

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and management of Post-Menopausal bleeding[*define]

SHORT NOTES:

1. Causes of postmenopausal bleeding (*****) [*causes and investigations][*management]

2. Menopause [*Menopausal symptoms, management]
3. HRT[*Advantages of HRT in Menopause]
4. Etiology and investigations of post-menopausal bleeding

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. DD for postmenopausal bleeding[*causes]

2. HRT
3. Premature menopause
Chapter-6: Gynecological Diagnosis

ESSAYS:

SHORT NOTES:

1. Pap smear (*****)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Indications of PR examination in Gynecology

Chapter-7: Endoscopy in Gynecology

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Hysteroscopy[*indications] (*****)
2. Hysterosalpingography (*****)
3. Sonosalpingography
4. Colposcopy

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Indication for endometrial biopsy

2. Diagnostic laparoscopy [*complications]
3. Indications for hysteroscopy (*****)
4. Laparoscopy in gynecology
5. Complications of operative laparoscopy

Chapter-8: Imaging modalities in Gynecology

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-9: Malformations of the Female Genital Tract

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Imperforate Hymen (*****)

2. Cryptomenorrhoea (*****)
3. Hematocolpos

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. What is cryptomenorrhoea?
2. McIndoe operation
3. Imperforate hymen

Chapter-10: Sexual Development and Development Disorders

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Turner’s syndrome (*****)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Turner’s syndrome

Chapter-11: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Trichomoniasis (*****)
2. Bacterial vaginosis (*****)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Clue cells (*****)

2. Laboratory tests for HIV
3. Trichomonas vaginitis (*****)
4. Management of genital herpes
Chapter-12: Inflammations of the Cervix and the Uterus

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Treatment of Chronic cervicitis

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Pyometra (*****)[*causes]
2. Chronic cervicitis
3. Cervical erosion (*****)

Chapter-13: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

ESSAYS:

1. Describe etiology, clinical features, and management of acute salpingitis (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Pelvic abscess
2. Chronic PID – causes and management
3. Etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease
4. Differential diagnosis of PID
5. Hydrosalpinx (*****)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Organism which cause PID

2. Definition and management of PID
3. DD for acute salpingitis
4. Pelvic abscess

Chapter-14: Tuberculosis of the Genital Tract

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss etiopathogenesis of Pelvic Inflammatory diseases. How do you manage chronic pelvic
tuberculosis?
2. How do you diagnose endometrial tuberculosis? Discuss the treatment of endometrial
tuberculosis in a 28 year old patient. (*****)
SHORT NOTES:

1. Asherman’s syndrome (*****)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. HSG findings in genital TB

Chapter-15: Injuries to the Female Genital Tract

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter- 16: Injuries to the Intestinal tract

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-17: Diseases of the Urinary System

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Causes of retention of urine[**acute retention][*causes in a)reproductive women b)pubertal

age]

Chapter-18: Genital Fistulae and Urinary Incontinence

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Stress incontinence (*****)

2. Rectovaginal fistula
SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Diagnosis of genitourinary fistula

2. Methylene blue- 3 swab test

Chapter-19: Infertility and Sterility

ESSAYS:

1. What are the causes of female infertility? How do you investigate and treat a case of
anovulation?
2. How will you diagnose ovulatory causes of infertility? Discuss the management of anovulatory
infertility.
3. Enumerate the causes of secondary infertility. How do you manage a case of secondary
infertility?
4. Enumerate the causes of male and female infertility. Discuss the tests for ovulation. Discuss
seminal analysis.
5. What are the main causes of infertility? How will you investigate a couple with primary
infertility? Discuss the management of anovulation as the cause of infertility.

SHORT NOTES:

1. Tubal patency tests (*****)

2. Secondary infertility – causes and investigations (*****)
3. Basal body temperature
4. Semen analysis (*****)
5. Post coital test (******) [*Huhner’s test (TKMC)] (also called Sims’ test)
6. How do you investigate male infertility?
7. Induction of ovulation (*****)
8. Hyperprolactinemia
9. Tests for ovulation
10. Management of Luteal Phase Defect

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Causes of dyspareunia (*****)

2. Post coital test
3. Laparoscopic sterilization
4. Basal body temperature (*****)
Chapter-20: Birth Control and Medical Termination of Pregnancy

ESSAYS:

1. A young newly married couple wants contraceptive advice. Describe briefly the various methods
which can be advised to them evaluating the advantages and disadvantages.
2. Discuss the mechanism of action and complications of IUCD.
3. Mention the various methods of contraception. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
Oral contraceptives
4. What are the different types of Hormonal Contraceptives? Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of Injectable Contraceptives.

SHORT NOTES:

1. Oral contraceptive pills [*Contraindications of combined oral pill]

2. Methods available for MTP in less than 6 weeks of pregnancy
3. IUCDs [* 3rd generation IUCD][**complications][*Cu T 380 (TKMC also)] (******)
4. Emergency contraception (*****)
5. Minilap (*****)[*Laparoscopic sterilization]
6. Sub-dermal implant – nor plant
7. Complications of tubal ligation
8. What are the methods for first trimester MTP?[* Write about menstrual regulation]
9. Mirena
10. Vasectomy
11. Multi-load Cu-T (TKMC)
12. Barrier contraceptives (TKMC)
13. Methods available for MTP less than 6 weeks pregnancy (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. What are estrogen free pills?

2. Toxic shock syndrome (*****)
3. Contraindication for IUCD use (*****)
4. Femshield
5. Postcoital contraception
6. Management of postpill amenorrhea
7. Benefits of Combined OCPs
8. Emergency contraception (*****)
9. Today
10. Triphasic pills
11. Advantages of IUCD
12. Mifepristone
 13. Menstrual regulation
14. Mini pill
15. First trimester Medical Termination of Pregnancy (*****)
16. Non contraceptive beneficial effects of Oral contraceptive Pill
17. Norplant

Chapter-21: Ectopic Gestation

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the D/D and management of acute ectopic gestation (TKMC)

2. Etiology, clinical features, management of tubal pregnancy (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Cervical pregnancy
2. Medical treatment of Ectopic gestation (**) [*medical management of unruptured ectopic
(TKMC)]
3. Ovarian pregnancy
4. Management of unruptured ectopic

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Indications for expectant management of unrutpured ectopic pregnancy

2. Pelvic hematocele

Chapter-22: Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Classification of Gestational Trophoblastic disease (*****)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Follow up of Molar Pregnancy (Post Evacuation) (*****)

Chapter-23: Disorders of Menstruation- Amenorrhea

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Causes of primary amenorrhea

2. Testicular feminizing syndrome

Chapter-24: Disorders of Menstruation- Menorrhagia

ESSAYS:

1. Explain menstrual cycle. Discuss the management of Metropathia Hemorrhagica in a 40 year old
lady.
2. Define Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. Discuss the classification, clinical evaluation, diagnosis,
differential diagnosis and treatment of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding [*Discuss the
investigations and treatment of DUB in a 45 year old woman] [*treatment of anovular type of
DUB] (*****)
3. Define DUB. What are the different types of DUB and discuss the management of each of them
(TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Puberty menorrhagia[*management]
2. What is break through bleeding? How do you manage?
3. Metrorrhagia
4. Cystoglandular hyperplasia [*Metropathia haemorrhagica]
5. Menorrhagia

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Metropathia haemorrhagica

Chapter-25: Genital Prolapse

ESSAYS:

1. What are the causes of mass descending per vaginum in a 30 year old nulliparous woman? How
do you manage a third degree uterovaginal prolapse in such a patient? [*32 year old patient
with uterovaginal prolapse. Discuss management] [*Describe the supports of the uterus.
Differential diagnoses of uterovaginal prolapse. Management in 45 year old multipara]
2. Classify Genital Prolapse. Discuss aetiology, clinical features and management of Nulliparous
prolapsed.
3. What are the degrees of prolapse? Treatment of procidentia in a 80 year old lady? (TKMC)
 4. Describe the pelvic floor. Discuss etiology of prolapse. How will you manage a lady of 55 years
with 3o utero-vaginal prolapse? Mention steps of surgery. (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Pessary treatment of prolapse

2. Differential diagnosis of mass per vagina (*****)
3. Urinary symptoms associated with genital prolapsed
4. Fothergill’s operation
5. Enterocele
6. Decubitus ulcer

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Classification of Uterovaginal prolapse

2. Decubitus ulcer (*****)
3. Le Fort’s repair for UV prolapsed (*****)

Chapter-26: Displacements

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-27: Diseases of the Vulva

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Bartholinitis (*****)
2. Bartholin’s cyst
3. Bartholin’s abscess (*****)
4. List main causes of pruritis vulva
Chapter-28: Diseases of the Vagina

ESSAYS:

1. Mention specific causes of leucorrhea. How do you confirm the diagnosis? Briefly mention
treatment of any one of them. (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Candidial vaginitis (*****)[*Monilial vaginitis]

2. Leucorrhoea – investigations and management

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Candidiasis
2. Bacterial vaginosis (*****)

Chapter-29: Benign diseases of the Uterus

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the differential diagnosis and investigations of a midline mass of 20 weeks size in a 40
year old woman. How do you manage a case of fibroid uterus of 20 weeks size in a multiparous
woman? (*****)[*types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and management]
2. What are the types of fibroids? Write clinical features of submucous fibroid, diagnosis by recent
methods and conservative treatment in a patient of 25 years old, with sterility. (*****)
3. Fibroid uterus. Management of 30 year old infertile lady with a fibroid uterus

SHORT NOTES:

1. Myomectomy (*****)
2. Submucous fibroid
3. Red degeneration of fibroid (*****)
4. Complications of fibroid uterus
5. Broad ligament fibroid
6. Complications of myoma uterus (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Prerequisites for myomectomy (*****)

2. Unusual forms of leiomyomatosis
3. Sarcomatous degeneration
4. Complications of vaginal hysterectomy
 5. Differential diagnosis of chronic PID

Chapter-30: Endometriosis and Adenomyosis

ESSAYS:

1. Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of pelvic endometriosis (*****)
[*Define endometriosis. Diagnosis and management of a case of endometriosis in a 35 year old
with one child] [*what are the causes of Chronic pelvic pain? Describe the clinical features and
diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis]

SHORT NOTES:

1. Chocolate cyst (*****)

2. Adenomyosis (*****)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. CA 125
2. Etiology of endometriosis
3. Medical management of endometriosis (*****)
4. Clinical features of Adenomyosis

Chapter-31: Disorders of the Broad Ligament, Fallopian tubes and Parametrium

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-32: Disorders of the Ovary

ESSAYS:

1. Describe complications of ovarian tumors. How will you diagnose and treat a case of twisted
ovarian cyst? (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Functional cysts of the ovary

2. PCOD Diagnosis and management
 3. Twisted ovarian cyst (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. PCOS[*diagnosis]
2. Complications of ovarian cyst
3. Theca lutein cysts of ovary
4. Chocolate cysts of ovaries

Chapter-33: Ovarian Tumors

ESSAYS:

1. Classify Ovarian Tumors. Discuss in detail diagnosis and management of Germ cell tumors

SHORT NOTES:

1. Dysgerminoma (******)
2. Cystic tumors of ovary – differential diagnosis
3. Solid teratoma ovary
4. Granulosa cell tumor
5. Dermoid cyst (*****)
6. Meig’s syndrome (TKMC)
7. Arrhenoblastoma (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Pseudomyxoma peritoneii – causes and prevention

2. List the hormone producing ovarian tumors
3. Granulosa cell tumor

Chapter-34: Breast

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Galactorrhoea

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-35: Acute and Chronic Pelvic Pain

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Gynecological causes of low back pain

Chapter-36: Dysmenorrhea, Pre-Menstrual Syndrome

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Dysmenorrhea (*****)
2. Pre-menstrual syndrome
3. Spasmodic dysmenorrhea (TKMC)
4. Congestive dysmenorrhea (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Classification of congestive dysmenorrhea. Mention 2 causes.

2. Spasmodic dysmenorrhea
3. Premenstrual syndrome

Chapter-37: Vulval and Vaginal Cancers

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-38: Cervical Intra-epithelial neoplasia, Carcinoma Cervix

ESSAYS:

1. What are the causes of Postmenopausal bleeding? What are the risk factors for the
development of Carcinoma cervix? Discuss histological types, symptoms, signs, staging and
diagnosis of Ca Cervix. Brief management of Ca Cervix stage 1. (*****)
 2. What is the epidemiology of Cervical Cancer? How do you diagnose and manage cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia]
3. What are the predisposing factors of carcinoma cervix? What are the screening and diagnostic
methods Ca Cervix?
4. Etiology, diagnosis and management of Ca Cervix (**)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Screening of CA Cervix (*****)

2. Stages of CA Cervix (*****)
3. Management of Ca Cervix
4. VIA, VILI – comment on it
5. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (*****)
6. Indications of Conisation of Cervix
7. LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of Transformation Zone)
8. Carcinoma in-situ (TKMC)(refer other carcinomas too)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Complications of vaginal hysterectomy

2. Mode of death in Ca Cervix
3. Clinical features of Ca cervix

Chapter-39: Cancers of the Endometrium, Uterus and Fallopian Tubes

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of Endometrial Carcinoma[*diagnosis,

staging]
2. Choriocarcinoma. [*clinical features, diagnosis, treatment] (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Staging and treatment of Choriocarcinoma

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Ovarian remnant syndrome

2. Predisposing factors for endometrial carcinoma
Chapter-40: Ovarian Cancers

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the FIGO staging and management of ovarian carcinoma

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. CEA

Chapter-41: Radiation therapy and Chemotherapy for Gynecologic Cancer

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-42: Obesity

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-43: Hormonal therapy in Gynecology

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Estrogen replacement therapy. Indications and contraindications. (*****)

2. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
3. Functional and therapeutic uses of estrogens
4. Cabergolin
5. Tibolone

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Danazol
Chapter-44: Pelvic Adhesions and their prevention

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-45: Pre-operative and Post-operative care and Surgical Procedures

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. D & C
2. Complications of hysterectomy
3. Fractional curettage

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Fractional curettage
2. Complications of Laparoscopy
3. Colpotomy (?)

Miscellaneous

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the diagnosis, management, complications of accidental hemorrhage (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Tumor markers (*****)

2. Laser In Gynecology
3. Contributions of Sims to Gynecology
4. Methotrexate