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DCDD is a coalition of 14
organisations/institutional
members and individual expert Economic Growth, Education,
members who support the Gender, Health, Human Rights,
rights based approach to Poverty and Inequality,
disability in development, and Urbanization, Development Data producer/collector, Indicator
Dutch Coalition on Disability and underline the concept of Financing, marginalized groups, development, Data analysis and visualization,
Lieke Scheewe Coordinator Development www.dcdd.nl dcdd@dcdd.nl inclusion. including persons with disabilities Advocacy and outreach
Education, Gender, Health,
Dutch Youth Ambassador Human Rights, Poverty and
Lotte Dijkstra SRHR Dutch Youth Ambassador SRHR lotte@yasrhr.com youth ambassador Inequality Advocacy and outreach
Technically a NGO, however
science operations are based in Environment and Climate
Director of Policy and Stockholm Resilience Center Change, Food, nutrition and Indicator development, Data analysis and
Usman Ahmad Mushtaq Global Strategy EAT Initiative usman@eatforum.org (Academic Institution) agriculture, Health visualization, Advocacy and outreach
Network Coordinator Non-Governmental
Natalie Kontoulis (interim) End FGM European Network nkontoulis@endfgm.eu Organization Gender Advocacy and outreach
How do you envision/see your
Thematic Areas of Interest of organization participating in the indicator
Name: Position: Organization: Email Address: Type of Organization: Your Organization framework and monitoring of the SDGs?
IAPB is a membership
organization with over 200
members worldwide working to
promote eye care for everyone Education, Health, Human Rights,
everywhere and ensure those Poverty and Inequality, rights of
International Agency for the with irreparable vision loss marginalised: persons with Data producer/collector, Indicator
Zoe Gray Advocacy Manager Prevention of Blindness zgray@iapb.org achieve their full potential disabilities development, Advocacy and outreach
Non-Governmental Data producer/collector, Advocacy and
Jennifer Garrett Advocacy Specialist International AIDS Vaccine Initiative jgarrett@iavi.org Organization Health outreach
Data producer/collector, Indicator
International Alliance for Non-Governmental development, Data analysis and visualization,
Ann Keeling President and CEO Responsible Drinking akeeling@iard.org Organization Health Advocacy and outreach
International Association for Media Data producer/collector, Indicator
Researcher / Vice- and Communication Research aimeevegamx@yahoo.co Gender, Media and development, Data analysis and visualization,
Aimée Vega Montiel President (IAMCR) m.mx Academia communication Advocacy and outreach
Economic Growth, Education,
Environment and Climate
DrJudyK@aol.com, Change, Gender, Health, Human
International Association of walterreichman@gmail.co Non-Governmental Rights, Poverty and Inequality, Data producer/collector, Indicator
Judy Kuriansky Main NGO representative, Applied Psychology m Organization Psychology development, Advocacy and outreach
Sustainable Development International Association of Public Non-Governmental Indicator development, Advocacy and
Philip Turner Manager Transport (UITP) philip.turner@uitp.org Organization Urbanization, Transport outreach
How do you envision/see your
Thematic Areas of Interest of organization participating in the indicator
Name: Position: Organization: Email Address: Type of Organization: Your Organization framework and monitoring of the SDGs?
Helene Ramos dos International Bar Association helene.santos@int- Non-Governmental Data producer/collector, Indicator
Santos UN Liaison- Senior Fellow Human Rights' Institute bar.org Organization Human Rights development, Advocacy and outreach
Stefanie Brodie, Dana NSF Research Coordination Energy, Food, nutrition and
Boyer, Joshua Sperling, Young professional Network on Sustainable Cities agriculture, Poverty and
E. Kellie Stokes, and researchers and PhD 'Ph.D., Postdoc, Early-Career' s.r.brodie@gmail.com Inequality, Urbanization, Indicator development, Data analysis and
Alisa Zomer students Working Group (corresponding) Academia Sustainability visualization, Science and research
Non-Governmental Data producer/collector, Indicator
Adrijana Visnjic Jevtic President OMEP Croatia omephr@gmail.com Organization Education development, Advocacy and outreach
on behalf of individuals from Indicator development, Data analysis and
MamaYe Evidence for Action visualization, Advocacy and outreach,
Eleanor Hukin Technical Advisor programme, Options Consultancy e.hukin@options.co.uk Programme Health Accountability
Food, nutrition and agriculture,
Advocacy Officer for on behalf of the International jennifer.thompson@conce Non-Governmental Gender, Health, Poverty and Data producer/collector, Data analysis and
Jennifer Thompson Hunger Coalition for Advocacy on Nutrition rn.net Organization Inequality visualization, Advocacy and outreach
Realizing Sexual and Reproductive Non-Governmental Education, Gender, Health, Data producer/collector, Indicator
Marisa Viana Executive Coordinator Justice Alliance (RESURJ) mviana@resurj.org Organization Human Rights development, Advocacy and outreach
Regional network for yourth and rajanocoordination@gmai Non-Governmental
Valerio Ussene General Cordinator Adult Education Advocacy l.com Organization Education, Gender Advocacy and outreach
How do you envision/see your
Thematic Areas of Interest of organization participating in the indicator
Name: Position: Organization: Email Address: Type of Organization: Your Organization framework and monitoring of the SDGs?
marcela.ballara@gmail.co Non-Governmental Education, Gender, Human Indicator development, Advocacy and
Marcela Ballara Advisor REPEM m Organization Rights, Poverty and Inequality outreach
Indicator development, Advocacy and
outreach, We're also working with a network
Governance, peace and security, of young accountability advocates, who are
Policy and Research sarahh@restlessdevelop Non-Governmental participatory decision-making and developing their own national indicator
Sarah Haynes Coodrinator Restless Development ment.org Organization accountability frameworks, to track progress of the SDGs
Education, Environment and
Climate Change, Food, nutrition
and agriculture, Gender, Health,
Policy Advocacy Officer anushree.shiroor@results Non-Governmental Poverty and Inequality, Indicator development, Advocacy and
Anushree Shiroor (Nutrition) RESULTS UK .org.uk Organization Development Financing outreach
Environment and Climate
Julia Hall Senior Consultant RMS julia.hall@rms.com Private Sector Change, Disaster risk Advocacy and outreach
Education, Energy, Environment
and Climate Change, Food,
Rural Area Development Non-Governmental nutrition and agriculture, Gender,
Rajendra Adhikari Chairman Programme (RADP) radp.rajendra@gmail.com Organization Poverty and Inequality, WASH Indicator development
Economic Growth, Gender,
Governance, peace and security,
Human Rights, Poverty and Data producer/collector, Indicator
Conflict and Security twheeler@saferworld.org. Non-Governmental Inequality, Development development, Data analysis and visualization,
Thomas Wheeler Advisor Saferworld uk Organization Financing Advocacy and outreach
Non-Governmental Education, Health, Stillbirth,
Rebekah Gray Research Coordinator Sands New Zealand rebekah@sands.org.nz Organization community support Advocacy and outreach
Education, Food, nutrition and
agriculture, Gender, Governance,
peace and security, Health,
Post-2015 Advocacy r.white@savethechildren. Non-Governmental Human Rights, Poverty and Indicator development, Advocacy and
Rosanne White Adviser Save the Children org.uk Organization Inequality outreach
Carmen Campero Young and adult people education redepja@yahoo.com.mx Data analysis and visualization, Advocacy and
Cuenca Founder and member Network y ccampero2@gmail.com Network Education, Gender, Human Rights outreach
Data producer/collector, Indicator
Policy Programme Non-Governmental development, Data analysis and visualization,
Dr Noëlle Kümpel Manager Zoological Society of London (ZSL) noelle.kumpel@zsl.org Organization Environment and Climate Change Advocacy and outreach
Target 1.1: By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all
people everywhere, currently measured as people
Organization: living on less than $1.25 a day
1,000 Days The use of stunting as a headline, crosscutting indicator
would also allow for an approach to ending extreme
poverty (Goal 1) that:
• is focused on the most vulnerable and marginalized;
helps ensure increased and equitable access to food,
health, water and sanitation and other basic necessities
• promotes action and progress in a range of sectors:
food security and agriculture, health, education, early child
development, WASH, gender equality and economic
growth
• helps measure a person’s physical and developmental
well-being
• preventing stunting reduces the risk of cardiovascular
diseases and obesity as adults (Goal 3, target 3.4)
Asia Pacific Forum on Women Law Reject $1.25 PPP as measurement of extreme poverty. No
and Development developed country accepts a measurement of poverty of
less than ten dollars PPP a day & the poverty line is also
measured above $1.25 PPP in Asia Pacific. $1.25 is not an
amount that allows even a minimum quality of life—it is not
enough to secure sufficient food, housing, healthcare and
education, let alone to live a life of dignity. We advocate a
multidimensional poverty index that includes, inter alia,
access to education, healthcare, and security of tenure.
Asian Disaster Reduction and
Response Network (ADRRN)
Association camerounaise pour la Large part of Older people are extremly poor. They should
prise en charge des personnes have a particular attention
Agées (ACAMAGE)
Bachpan Bachao Andolan Additional Indicator: Proportion of children employed in
worst forms of child labour vis a vis unemployment.
Rationale:Economic exploitation of children forms a cyclic
relationship with poverty as it deprives them of education
and hence access to secure employment in the future tying
them down to their situation of vulnerability. It also denies
an adult access to employment and fair wages. Thus this
can function as an effective tracker for poverty. There are
168 million child labourers across the world, 5.5 million of
who are in worst forms of child labour, the cause and
consequence which is poverty.
Beyond 2015 UK
CEAG - Environmental Education That governments, especially Latin American (Brazil) have
Center of Guarulhos functionalism structures or much leaner administrative
machinery without any extra benefits with better rules for
distribution of amounts collected from taxes and that tax
reform can encourage the private sector thus ensuring
employability, as well as investments in education that
really empower people so they do not depend on any
government to build their own destinations.
Goal - 1
Goal - 5.4
Goal - 7
Goal - 8
Goal - 13
Centre for Human Rights and Indicator for measuring poverty is too low. In reality people
Climate Change research living on $2 live in conditions of extreme poverty even in
areas where definition of poverty is very low. Indicator must
take into consideration global, national and local context.
Child and Youth Finance Proposed Indicator: Number of children and youth moved
International out of extreme poverty
CHOICE for youth and sexuality 1.1.1 Proportion of population below $1.25 (PPP) per day
disaggregated by sex, civil status, education level, and age
group
Christian Aid
Dutch Coalition on Disability and In order to eradicate poverty, urgent action is needed
Development www.dcdd.nl where persons with disabilities are concerned. Indeed,
considering an incidence of disability of 20%, the vast
majority of which located in developing countries, it is
factually impossible to achieve poverty eradication ‘for all
people everywhere’ without the inclusion of persons with
disabilities. Therefore, disaggregation of this target by
disability is vital. Suggested indicator: ‘Percentage of
persons with disabilities living below $1.25 (PPP) per day’.
Health Poverty Action As a general note, we are concerned about the lack of
ambition regarding disaggregation of data - in particular by
ethnicity. This is already possible within many of the
existing data sources aligned with the indicators suggested
by the IEAG. Any indicators which rely on DHS, MICS or
Household Survey Information can be disaggregated by
ethnicity as these surveys already contain questions
pertaining to ethnicity or proxies such as language. In this
response we do not offer comment on the indicators
themselves, but instead highlight where opportunities to
disaggregate by ethnicity exist within the suggested
indicator (s) or where it is especially important that means
to do so are developed. For target 1.1 disaggregation by
ethnicity is possible within household survey DHS or MICS
data sources
International Movement ATD Fourth $1.25 (PPP) per day is too low to protect people from the
World most damaging aspects of poverty and, also too low to be
of any relevance in developed countries. Thus ATD Fourth
World welcomes the World Bank’s initiative to revise this
indicator (See background document to the indicators as
submitted by the UN Technical Support Team)
International Strategy and should be able to capture by the major racial, ethnic groups
Reconciliation Foundation in different regions
IOGT International
Island Sustainability Allliance CIS -Poor people often use highly hazardous pesticide
Inc. ("ISACI") formulations rather than safer alternatives.Hazardous
pesticides impact differently on the life quality of women,
men and children and other vulnerable groups, interacting
directly or direction with their health and the surrounding
environment
Landesa
Lumos
Maestral International Poverty reduction and economic growth depend on human
capital. The inter-generational cycle of poverty will not be
addressed unless children's education and health status
improves. Violence, abuse, and neglect of children heavily
compromise their ability to attend or perform in school,
affect their health status including HIV risk, and
compromise their cognitive and social development.
Surveys show that these issues are not marginal, but
highly prevalent. Keeping the related indicator in Topic 16
is critical to achieving 1.1 over time.
Médecins Sans Frontières - Although the $1.25 threshold is used by many as indicator
Doctors without Borders for extreme poverty, it is questioned how well it reflects /is
linked to factors of poverty and obstacles to human
development. The threshold of $ 5 might be more realistic.
Definitely use household surveys to assess indicator.
Multidimensional Poverty Peer
Network
NCD Alliance
Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people
Organization (NNDSWO) everywhere, currently measured as people living on less
than $1.25 a day.
1 Disaggregated data on multiple dimension index (MDI)
inclusive of – age, sex, disability, race, caste, ethnicity,
origin, religion or economic or other status and rural-urban
divide.
2 Poverty Measurement on Human Poverty Index (HPI–
1 – for Developing Countries) or Human Poverty Index – 2
(HPI-2 for OECD countries)
NRMC INDIA PVT LIMITED definition of poverty should be more clear and can't be
decided in terms of money
OneFamilyPeople General Comment: Persons with disabilities are not
specifically mentioned target in all the target in Goal 1.
Please see our recommendations in the ensuing targets:
:
By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people
everywhere especially those with disabilities, currently
measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
Organisation Mondiale de
l'Education Prescolaire (OMEP) UK
Overseas Development Institute
(ODI)
Oxfam
Partnership for Economic Policy To eradicate poverty we state the importance for age
disaggregation in the poverty indicators. This is essential
for monitoring child poverty as part of the SDGs. To
measure and monitor poverty and in particular child poverty
we suggest to complement the $1.25 a day poverty
threshold with national poverty lines.
Pathfinder International
people's health movement My comment does not pertain to any target:
We must acknowledge:
• Indicators will be used by technical experts and not by
claim holders --and this defeats our ultimate purpose.
• Yes, we can raise our voice to say that HR are
measurable, but to what avail?
• Yes, governments will adopt HR indicators (or any
other) if, and only if, politically acceptable to them; not
otherwise, even if the UN says so.
• Inequality and HR violations are a policy choice by
commission more than by omission.
• Yes, this is early still in the process but, in the end, my
crystal ball tells me we will NOT win whatever we feed into
the indicators discussions. (you agree?)
• Whatever post 2015 HR indicators we will get, will fall
way short from what we expect. (contd)
Planning 4 Sustainable
Development
Regional network for yourth and I think it is fair to say "to reduce..." and not to erradicate, as
Adult Education Advocacy it means to end. In 15 years extreme poverty will not be
erradicated. But it can be reduced. Experiences from the
MDG as showen that there are many facotrs like climate
change, natural desasters, HIV, governance issues,etc
wich are strong barriers for the efforts to erradicate the
extreme poverty at global, regional and at local.
RMS
Save the Children INCLUDE:
Tearfund
TRK asbl We have to make sure that the working poor are at some
point captured in some place people still are in extreme
poverty even when earning these 1.25 Dollars
UCLG
United Nations Association of We think that it is important to also look at the % change in
Tanzania "income per capita" as a way to extrapolate the broader
picture. Are we seeing a positive or negative change in
poverty/ income levels. We are comfortable with this being
added as part of the broader analysis of the current
proposed indicator version, but would welcome stand-alone
write-up on this.
University of Manitoba
University of Oxford
Urban Institute
WaterAid
Welthungerhilfe We believe that this indicator only cements inequality and
is no longer tenable. A decent life is not possible 1.25 or 2
USD a day. And to lift people from extreme poverty into
poverty is - under human rights aspect - also a peculiar
target. This target in its present form does not achieve any
change for a more appropriate standard of living. Simply
increasing the amout would also only be a continuing
exercise. We recommend to the expert committe to refer
back to the many excellent publications about measuring
poverty in a broader and more suited way.
Women Access Trust Organisation The accepted measure for PPP, is too low for survival if we
Of Nigeria consider the dollar conversion rate of some nations; where
there has been substantial currency depreciation against
the dollar. As a s result of the depreciation, inflation rate
has gone up 100%+.
These nations have the bulk of the extreme poor
population of the world.
I suggest that the PPP measure should be $150 a day
Women's Major Group 1.1.1 Proportion of population below $1.25 (PPP) per day
disaggregated by sex, civil status, education level, and age
group
World Animal Protection
World Chlorine Council The members of the World Chlorine Council believe that
chlorinated drinking water can help end poverty by
reducing waterborne illness, thereby improving health so
that people can better work toward their education and
employment goals. This target is therefore linked to targets
under Goal #6.
WorldWIDE Network Nigeria: social protection floors should be used, and targets for
Women in Development and women and children more specific and detailed.
Environment
WWF WWF suggests disaggregating this data by sector of
activity or employment to highlight trends for individuals
dependent on natural resource use (fishers, etc.) who are
often among the poorest.
Y Care International
Target 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the
proportion of men, women and children of all ages
living in poverty in all its dimensions according to
national definitions
It is difficult to achieve
Indicator 1.2.1: Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
disaggregated by sex and age group was not retained as
suggested indicator in this proposal.
This indicator was considered very relevant in the previous
framework and makes a significant leap away from a solely
income-based conception of poverty and moves the
international community towards a more multidimensional
approach. It is extremely important that this indicator be
retained and implemented as widely as possible. That
being said, we recognize that it misses some of the
qualitative aspects of poverty like exclusion and
discrimination. ATD Fourth World in collaboration with the
University of Oxford is carrying out a participatory research
to identify with people living in poverty the dimensions of
poverty that are more relevant in their lives and to propose
how measure them.
Indicator 1.2.2
Given that the linkage between people living in poverty and
the slum-dwellers’ population is explicit from the universal
viewpoint and from the concept of slums as a poverty trait.,
we suggest that Indicator 1.2.2 of this Target be modified to
– proportion of population living below national poverty line
including, in particular, the fraction of population living in
slums and number of slums that are upgraded by social
infrastructure and services provision. It is evident that in
excess of 25 percent of urban population currently lives in
slums, hence slum-upgrading becomes an essential
approach to poverty reduction.
RATIONALE:
The makers of the film Schooling the World have asked the
World Bank how it accounts for the cash value of having a
network of grandparents and aunts and cousins to help
with child care, for example, or of living in a place with
clean water, clean air, and a beautiful natural environment.
The honest answer from the Bank was that it simply
doesn’t account for those things. So from the standpoint of
the World Bank, a family living on their own farm in an
idyllic valley in the Himalayas, with plenty of food, clothing,
and a beautiful house, may be “poorer” than a family
working in sweatshops and living in a slum in Mumbai.
What is wrong with this view of poverty? What other factors
should be accounted for to create a true assessment of
quality of life?
Recommended indicators:
Percentage of persons with disabilities covered by social
protection; or
countries.
Supported
It is difficult to achieve
See http://landpost2015.landesa.org/resources/land-rights-
an-essential-global-indicator-for-the-post-2015-sdgs/ for an
indicator that is universal and feasible.
under 1.4.1.: basic services should include access to
health pofessional at birth, basic vaccines... A point tonote
is that the optimal range of vaccines to include should be
defined by updated schience and evidence, not be limited
to what basic package available at pesent in country -
many countries did not upgrade their vaccine offer to what
is recommended and proven to reduce mortality (children,
women and others).
Basic services should preferably also include an indicator
of swift treatment for common illness for children, as
different factors play for curative care.
1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in
vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and
vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other
economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
Proposed text:
Suggested Indicators:
Preferred indicators:
1.5.1 Percentage of population exposed to climatic and
environmental events by age and sex;
Comment: We have slightly adapted proposal 1.5.1 to
focus on exposure to risk and this is similar to the indicator
proposed by UNEP.
It is difficult to realize
Recommended indicators:
Percentage of deaths from persons with disabilities among
all deaths due to disasters
Percentage of injured persons with disabilities among all
injured due to disasters
Disaggregation by income will allow us to know how much
different quintile of the population are affected by climate-
related extreme events and other economic, social and
environmental shocks and disasters.
"Total per capita (aged 15+ years old) pure alcohol
consumption within a calendar year in liters"
Socio-economically exposed people are less able to avoid
adverse consequences of their behavior due to a lack of
resources. Using alcohol policy measures, such as raising
taxes on alcoholic beverages may reduce overall
inequalities through more substantial health impacts on
socio-economically disadvantaged populations. People
with lower levels of income are more responsive to alcohol
price increases
Wordy... we don't need to say everything! Consider "By
2030, strengthen the resilience and reduce the vulnerability
of those at risk of economic, social and environmental
shocks and disasters."
Proposed Text:
*As classified
It is a good principle but i question how to obligate to
states. My experience is that signing a treaty looks is
fullfilment.
1.5.1 Number of initiatives that engage the most
marginalized and vulnerable groups, including women, girls
and others, in disaster-preparedness, adaptation and
resilience initiatives at local, national and regional levels.
It is wonderful idea.
No comments
Consider replacing "actions" with "strategies"
AGRIUM
Asia Dalit Rights Forum 1. Centralised public distribution system focusing on basic
nutrition requirements.
2. Percentage of socially disadvantaged HH having access
to urban poverty schemes.
3. Percentage of socially disadvantaged HH having access
to rural poverty schemes.
Asia Pacific Forum on Women Law
and Development
Beyond 2015 UK
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation We support Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W),
defined as the percentage of women, 15-49 years of age, who
consume at least 5 out of 10 defined food groups and
Prevalence of wasting (weight for height) among children
under five years of age, disaggregated by sex.
Bioregional
CAAR (Canadian Association of
Agri-Retailers)
CAFOD
Christian Aid
Dutch Coalition on Disability and This target specifically mentions persons in vulnerable
Development www.dcdd.nl situations, which includes persons with disabilities. Research
on disability and nutrition has found that “Nutrition and
disability are intimately linked: malnutrition can directly cause
or contribute to disability, and disability can lead to
malnutrition” (source: Malnutrition and Disability: Unexplored
Opportunities for Collaboration, N Groce et al, Paediatrics and
International Child Health, Apr 2014, 34(4): 308-314). It should
therefore be disaggregated by disability.
EAT Initiative Supporting a Proposed indicator: "Prevalence of population
with moderate or severe food insecurity, based on the Food
Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)"
New Proposed Indicator: "Dietary Diversity Score"
DD is a proxy indicator for micronutrient adequacy of diets
and hence is important to end hunger. Positive dietary
diversity scores have been positively correlated with adequate
micronutrient density of complementary foods for infants and
young children and micronutrient and macronutrient adequacy
for children, adolescents and adults in LICs. In particular,
women of reproductive age that are consuming at least five
out of ten food groups have greater likelihood of meeting their
micronutrient needs than those consuming foods from fewer
groups. Hence this indicator addresses target 2.1 by 2030, to
end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the
poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to
safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year. Disaggregation
Age, sex, household incomes, education, urban/rural,
geographic location Primary Data Source FAO/WHO Tier II:
Methodology Exists, data not easily available
FHI 360 / Alive & Thrive The suggested indicator of undernourishment rate is not well-
known and could be replaced with a more common household
food security index indicator and the wasting rate in children
under 5 if not included under Target 2.2. Considering the
focus on infants in the overall target, it is paramount to also
include the following indicators already available through
MICS, DHS and national surveillance systems: Exclusive
breastfeeding under 6 months; Continued breastfeeding at 1
year; Minimum acceptable diet. See more:
http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/IYCF_Indicators_part_III_c
ountry_profiles.pdf
Global Health Advocates France Indicator: "Governmental budget line tracking an increase in
resources for nutrition."
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal,
of design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
Health Poverty Action The IAEG should explore ways to disaggregate both
proposed indicators by ethnicity
Institute for Reproductive and I agree with it however I afraid we cannot achieve by 2030
Family Health
International Fertilizer Industry Crop yield is a parameter that contributes to achieving food
Association (IFA) security and sustainable agriculture. As such, it should be
introduced as an indicator for Goal 2.
NCD Alliance
Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare 1. Centralised public distribution system focusing on basic
Organization (NNDSWO) nutrition requirements.
2. Percentage of socially disadvantaged HH having access
to urban poverty schemes.
3. Percentage of socially disadvantaged HH having access
to rural poverty schemes.
Newcastle University, Institute for
Sustainability
on behalf of the International We support IFAD and FAO’s proposal for the inclusion of the
Coalition for Advocacy on Nutrition Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator, but
suggest that it could equally fit and be appropriate under
target 2.1. The ambition to end hunger is welcome as is the
direct linkage it makes between achieving an end to hunger
and the importance of addressing/ensuring nutrition. Current
measures that look at dietary energy supply are incomplete
and insufficient to address increasing burdens of malnutrition
globally. As such, including WDD indicator under this target
would reflect the ambition of the target. Women and children
are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition. This indicator is a
key dimension of a high quality diet with adequate
micronutrient content as well as reflecting the role of
agriculture and food systems in promoting the health and
wellbeing of people. It could also be included as an indicator
under target 2.1 as the indicators currently listed do not get at
the vision of the target—year round access to safe, nutritious
and sufficient food for all people, especially poor and
vulnerable.
Partnership for Economic Policy To ensure the achievement of this goal there is a need for
age/gender disaggregation
Pathfinder International
Practical Action
PROGRAMA UNIVERSITARIO DE Food security scales are the most appropriate synthetic
DERECHOS HUMANOS DE LA indicator that captures all aspects of access to food (quality
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL and quantity) in a feasible and valid indicator. Also they
AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO constitute direct measures of peoples’ food insecurity
experience, conceptually consistent with human rights’
approach.
Society for the Psychological Data disaggregated by age, gender, race, ethnicity,
Study of Social Issues; Psychology indigenous identity, income, disability, rural/urban residence,
Coalition at the United Nations national origin, and migratory status.
The Hague University of Applied see points about poverty above as well as points about
Science population growth below - basically, without considering
environmental sustainability and human population (and
particularly the leading causes of unsustainability) growth
addressing world hunger becomes meaningness in the long
term
The Miracle Foundation Indicator 2.1.1: The Miracle Foundation calls for
disaggregation and adequate representation of orphans and
vulnerable children, including those living on the street or in
program/institutional/orphanage care, in the surveys utilized to
measure the indicator.
Transparency International
TRK asbl Will require to be able to measure the capacity in rural area to
feed themselves or improve their agricultural productivity
USIL It is a good predisposition but we need to revise good and real
data about the possibility to reach this purpose by 2030.
Welthungerhilfe Proposed Indicator 1: Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU).
Proposed Indicator 2: Prevalence of population with moderate
or severe food insecurity, based on the Food Insecurity
Experience Scale (FIES)
Recommend adding:
• Exclusive breastfeeding among 0-5 month olds
• Prevalence of anaemia (Hb = 11 g/dl) among women of
reproductive age
Comments:
• Indicators would not register malnutrition among people
living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and PLWHA on treatment
require enough nutrition to benefit from treatment.
• An indicator on exclusive breastfeeding could feed data into
targets 2.2 and 3.2. Should be prioritized as it supports
breaking the cycle of poverty, improves health, and
contributes to education and WASH. Evidence shows that
exclusive breastfeeding is positively associated with IQ,
educational attainment, and improved income as adults.
Isn't this redundant with what the SDG aims to do, i.e., be an
internationally agreed target?
The WHA in 2012 set out six targets on nutrition for 2025.
Leaving any of these targets out of the SDG indicators would
reduce global commitment to meet them. We support
UNICEF’s recommended indicators on stunting, wasting,
exclusive breastfeeding, anaemia and overweight. Globally,
161 mn children are stunted, while 51 mn children are wasted,
and this threatens their survival, physical and cognitive
development, educational achievement and earning potential.
Further, growing numbers of overweight and obese children
are putting them at risk of early setting in of NCDs. Anaemia in
women puts them at high risk of maternal mortality (~20%
maternal deaths are attributed to anaemia), and increases the
risk of low birth weight, still birth, and anaemia in children. The
world is making poor progress on anaemia. It is hence crucial
that governments are held accountable, and take steps
towards addressing anaemia. Indicators on anaemia and
Exclusive breastfeeding will also contribute to targets 3.1 and
3.2 respectively, and thus can be included there, while an
indicator on overweight will also help achieve target 3.4.
TIER: Tier I
WHO/UNICEF
Supported
=>
b) Tracks long-term increase.
c) Does not distinguish between levels of training between
extension workers or the effectiveness of reaching farmers.
e) Increased yields should not come at the expense of animal
welfare.
It is important to measure progress to the content of this target
related to land as a primary resource. Secure access to land
is vital for small farmers and investors alike to motivate
investment and productivity. The indicator proposed below
and mentioned in my comment on 1.4 will address this
content in 2.3:
Suggested Indicator:
Need to be simplified
The proposed indicator does not address the second part of the
target, related to access and benefit-sharing as well as traditional
knowledge. These issues should be addressed based on
internationally agreed rights and principles as reflected in the UN
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), CBD
and the related Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing.
Hence, cross-reference should be made to the proposed indicator
under target 15.6. on the adoption of legislative, administrative
and policy frameworks for the implementation of the Nagoya
Protocol
NPS: "Mean Species Abundance (MSA) in food production
systems"
No comments
=>
a) Does not say anything about quality.
b) According to studies, the most efficient investments are
tertiary roads, small bridges and small dams.
d) An increase in the processing of agricultural products in
LDC’s may be one way to address youth unemployment.
Why is there not a more specific indicator/target combination
for investment, such as doubling or tripling? What is the
benchmark of the indicator? A key difficulty with the suggested
indicator is that ‘Agriculture’ contains forestry, fishing and
hunting in addition to true agriculture. Thus, high levels of
Gov. support for hunting activities may lead to a ‘good’ AOI
result, when investment in true agriculture is actually low. Can
the indicator therefore be disaggregated so that the
contribution of the different groups present can be
determined? Information could be added under this
indicator/target to include data on government subsidies to
the agricultural industry, and trade barriers. Private-sector
investment is currently not captured by the suggested
indicators, but could be an important source of finance.
Excellent point. It is neccessary to establish a framework to
supervise the fullfilment of this point. An international experts
commision is recommended. Besides a implementation of
solidaroty policies is necessary.
Target 2.b: Correct and prevent trade restrictions and
distortions in world agricultural markets, including
through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural
export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent
effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha
Development Round
Target and indicators should be linked to Target 2.3 and 2.4
measures of access to markets, especially among small-scale
food producers, and profitability of small-scale food
production. Links w/ 1b, 10
Trade-related indicators should not only focus on trade
restrictions and distortions. Indicators should also measure
changes in trade which have improved market access for
poorer countries and delivered in terms of sustainable, less
volatile/vulnerable livelihoods, strengthening the stability of
commodity markets, reducing their volatility. As paragraph 30
of the revised outcome document reads "States are strongly
urged to refrain from promulgating and applying any unilateral
economic, financial or trade measures not in accordance with
international law and the Charter of the United Nations that
impede the full achievement of economic and social
development, particularly in developing countries"
Suggested Indicator 2.b: Suggested indicators/could be
improved as not clear but not sure how. Other orgs to define.
Will this be one or two indicators, this is not clear?
“Percent change in Import and Export tariffs on agricultural
products”
“Agricultural Export Subsidies”
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal,
of design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
I agree with it
Goal 2 is to achieve improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture therefore the indicator should measure
trade negotiations that have impact assessment on health and
sustainability in order to ensure relevant actions (preventing
trade restrictions, eliminating agricultural export subsidies,
etc.) are not to promote exports of unhealthy products but to
help better nutritional status of people and sustainable
agriculture.
This is framed negatively, to prevent dysfunctional situations.
Suggest stating it more positively, e.g., trade-friendly or free
trade.
First line is sufficient.
We recommend: 2.b.1. Trade negotiations that routinely
assess sustainability impacts, including on food security,
health, and equity
It is neccessary to establish a framework to supervise the
fullfilment of this point. An international experts commision is
recommended. Besides a implementation of solidaroty
policies is necessary.
Suggested Indicator:
Percentage of agricultural research and extension bodies
incorporating sustainability principles and best practices into
research and services.
Target 2.c: Adopt measures to ensure the proper
functioning of food commodity markets and their
derivatives and facilitate timely access to market
information, including on food reserves, in order to help
limit extreme food price volatility
This indicator should be measured at different levels in
different markets throughout a country, and at different times
of year to take into account seasonal variation. Indicator
should also be used before and after measures are put in
place to capture impact of those new measures on market
functionality. In addition, Cost of Diet should be used as a way
of identifying not only volatility in grain markets, but in markets
for other foods as well, such as fruits, vegetables, animal
foods, pulses and fats.
Supported
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal,
of design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
I agree with it
May be made simple and clear.
ADD International
Amref Health Africa
Asia Dalit Rights Forum 1. Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births especially among
disadvantaged groups.
BLUE 21 e.V:
CBM UK
CEAAL
Center for Family and Human All proposals to measure progress on this indicator have so far
Rights (C-Fam) been underwhelming. Maternal Health was a major focus of the
MDGs and one of the goals on which least progress was made.
Much work was done on MH, but the indicators proposed so far are
even less ambitious than those used during the MDG period. The
indicators used during the MDGs should be the baseline on which
to build gains in maternal health.
Changemaker
CHOICE for youth and sexuality 3.1.1 Maternal mortality per 100,000 live births disaggregated by
causes of death including unsafe abortion, pre-eclampsia and
eclampsia, hemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders, HIV
related, hemorrhagic, and prolonged or obstructed labor and further
disaggregated by age, income, disability, geographic location, race
and ethnicity
3.1.2 Proportion of health facilities that provide care for
complications related to unsafe abortion or, where it is not against
the law, that provide safe abortion.
3.1.3 Adolescent birth rate (10-14, 15-19)
Christian Aid
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
CiaoLapo Onlus Indicators to track targets 3.1 and 3.2 require the inclusion of
stillbirth rate (SBR) – stillbirths per 1000 births - in addition to
maternal mortality ratio, under-5 mortality rate and neonatal
mortality rate. SBR is a marker of equity and quality care in
pregnancy and childbirth. It is a core indicator in the Every Newborn
action plan, which the World Health Assembly endorsed in 2014
after wide consultation. Efforts to prevent stillbirths will also prevent
maternal and newborn deaths and improve health outcomes for a
child through their lifecourse. The SDGs should focus on the
biggest, most inequitable conditions. There are 2.6 million stillbirths
each year, deaths in the last 12 weeks of pregnancy, with half
occurring at the time of birth, and there has been little progress to
reduce stillbirths in most countries (Lancet Stillbirth Series, 2011). It
will be critical to measure in every country in order to accurately
track progress for women’s and children’s health.
Danish Institute for Human RIghts While the emphasis on skilled health personnel have strong human
rights relevance, there may be a need to supplement this indicator
to also address the complementarity with traditional birth
attendants, as e.g. enshrined in UNDRIP, art. 24.1..
DSW (Deutsche Stiftung We welcome the two proposed indicators under target 3.1. However
Weltbevoelkerung we would like to suggest the following:
• Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births ADD: by cause of
death. The addition of ‘cause of death’ will reflect how data is
reported at global level by WHO, according to the five leading
maternal mortality causes – severe bleeding, infections, high blood
pressure (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), complications during
delivery, and unsafe abortion.
Sources of data: This data is already being collected bi-annually at
global level for all Member States from vital statistics, household
surveys, health facility data, censuses and modeling, with global
monitoring by the Maternal Mortality Expert and Inter-Agency group
led by WHO with UNFPA, UNICEF, the World Bank and UNDESA.
ericsson
Global Health Advocates France Indicator 1 Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
Goshen Free Medical Assistance Women who are of child bearing age need to be targeted and
Association trained in schools especially TERTIARY institutions.
The training should be made interactive to give them an oppprtunity
to ask questions for better understanding.
Another way of locating the women of child bearing age is through
the religious and traditional leaders especially in the rural
communities.The third area of catchment is the open market place
through the trade union leaders.
Guttmacher Institute
Handicap International
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal, of
design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
Health Poverty Action For both proposed indicators - disaggregation by ethnicity is
possible within household survey DHS or MICS data sources.
Health Priorities in Post-2015 Recommended indicators:
Taskforce
• [Global indicator, nationally collected] Number of new health
technologies registered by the national regulatory authority and/or
recommended by national guidelines (disaggregated by SDG target
[disease or health priority]).
• [Global indicator, nationally collected] National Regulatory
Authorities participating in harmonized registration initiatives based
on internationally recognized policies and standards; sharing
regulatory policies, legislation, guidelines, and information on
registered products.
Comment: Both are cross-cutting and address Targets 3.1, 3.2, 3.3,
3.4, and 3.7. Registration of global health technologies for specific
health needs is an important measure of global health R&D
progress and access to health technologies is dependent on them
being registered and recommended for use. A reporting framework
would need to be developed to allow disaggregation according to
the SDG targets, but data should be readily reportable to national
statistical offices (NSOs) from National Regulatory Authorities
(NRAs) and health agencies.
HealthBridge Foundation of
Canada
HealthBridge Vietnam
High-Level Task Force for the ICPD - The Suggested Indicators are fully supported. Disaggregation
by several critical factors is strongly recommended, including:
cause of death (as reported by WHO according on the leading
causes – severe bleeding, infections, blood pressure, delivery
complications, unsafe abortion); age (by 5-year sub-groups,
including 10-14 and 15-19); and income, location, race, ethnicity,
etc., to capture how progress reaches poorest, rural areas,
minorities, other factors of exclusion.
- Skilled birth attendance is a key health sector intervention for
reducing maternal deaths. This indicator should be disaggregated
by age of mother, location, education level, income, etc., to track
how services reach the most vulnerable and marginalized - as
captured through the household surveys used to monitor this
indicator.
IDDC
Indigenous and Frontier It needs networking among global Governments to workout plans to
Technology Research Centre - IFTR achieve this.
Institute for Reproductive and I am not sure by 2030, the global maternal mortality ratio less than
Family Health 70 per 100,000 live births because in under-developed and
developing contries, MMR is still high
Intenational Stillbirth Alliance Please see response to 3.2 below. The investment required to
reduce maternal mortality is also likely to reduce neonatal deaths
and stillbirths. We believe it makes no sense to include two out of
three of these indicators. By including the 2.7 million stillbirths each
year, most of which occur in low and middle-income countries,
interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality are much
more likely to be cost-effective.
Internaitonal Council of AIDS 3.1.1 Maternal mortality per 100,000 live births disaggregated by
Service Organizations causes of death including unsafe abortion, pre-eclampsia and
eclampsia, hemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders, HIV
related, hemorrhagic, and prolonged or obstructed labor and further
disaggregated by age, income, disability, geographic location, race
and ethnicity.
The Civil Society Working Group on HIV would be very pleased to
see HIV included.
International Association of
Applied Psychology
International Federation of
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and
Associations (IFPMA)
International Movement ATD Fourth Maternal mortality is correlated with income. In order to measure
World progress on women who are the furthest behind, this indicator must
be disaggregated by income.
International Planned Parenthood We welcome the two proposed indicators under target 3.1. However
Federation we would like to suggest the following:
• Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births ADD: by cause of
death. The addition of ‘cause of death’ will reflect how data is
reported at global level by WHO, according to the five leading
maternal mortality causes – severe bleeding, infections, high blood
pressure (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), complications during
delivery, and unsafe abortion.
Sources of data: This data is already being collected bi-annually at
global level for all Member States from vital statistics, household
surveys, health facility data, censuses and modeling, with global
monitoring by the Maternal Mortality Expert and Inter-Agency group
led by WHO with UNFPA, UNICEF, the World Bank and UNDESA.
IntraHealth
Investigaciòn e Intervencion
Educativa AC
IOGT International
IOGT-NTO
Ipas Ipas supports the two Tier 1 indicators already proposed; we also
support the recommendation by UN Women (wherever possible)
that maternal deaths be disaggregated by cause.
Island Sustainability Allliance CIS
Inc. ("ISACI")
Japan Organization for We welcome the two proposed indicators under target 3.1.
International Cooperation in Family However we would like to suggest the following:
Planning (JOICFP)
· Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births ADD: by cause of
death. The addition of ‘cause of death’ will reflect how data is
reported at global level by WHO, according to the five leading
maternal mortality causes – severe bleeding, infections, high blood
pressure (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), complications during
delivery, and unsafe abortion.
Johns Hopkins University I would advocate for "By 2030, eliminate maternal mortality globally"
rather than have a numeric target like 70 per 100,000. The latter
suggests that a country with an MMRatio near 70 could just sit out
continued efforts to reduce maternal mortality risk.
Kamla Nehru College, University of No comments
Delhi
Kepa Finland a) Maternal mortality rate by cause of death.
b) Maternal morbidity rate due to unsafe abortion.
c) Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel.
d) Maternal mortality ratio.
e) Antenatal care coverage.
f) Unsafe abortions per 1000 women of reproductive age.
=>
b) Captures those births where women have experienced a range
of negative health conditions that have been caused or
exacerbated by pregnancy or birth; this offers a more complex
picture of health care outcomes than simply measuring mortality.
c) MDG indicator. Measuring this MDG indicator is important to
keep track on the unfinished MDG business.
d) MDG indicator. Disaggregation by age, geographic location and
income level is essential to measure equitable progress within
societies.
f) Country studies: sub-regional estimates by WHO/Guttmacher.
Maestral International
Malaria Consortium
Marie Stopes International To add:
by cause of death. Reflecting how data is reported at global level by
WHO according to the five major causes of maternal mortality
(severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure (pre-eclampsia
and eclampsia), complications during delivery and unsafe abortion.
Indicator 3.1.2
We support WHO's proposal on percntage of birhs attended by
skilled birth attendants. However we don't see any suggestion on
what the proportion target is that we should reach by 2030. Good
indicator as combines information about access to health care,
availability of services and availability of trained staff
Medical Mission Sisters As an organization committed ot health and healing the following
are our comments.
NCD Alliance
Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than
Organization (NNDSWO) 70 per 100,000 live births.
1. Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births especially among
disadvantaged groups.
NOM Slovakia
on behalf of individuals from
MamaYe Evidence for Action
programme, Options Consultancy
OneFamilyPeople
Organisation Mondiale de
l'Education Prescolaire (OMEP) UK
Oxfam
PAI PAI supports the proposed indicator 3.1.1, however would like the
following added “, disaggregated by cause of death” This indicator
measures one of the most off track MDGs and the additions will
provide important additional information about maternal death.
Information the maternal mortality ratio is already being collected at
the global level.
Pathfinder International We welcome the two proposed indicators under target 3.1 however
we would like to suggest the following recommendation:
● Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births ADD: by cause of
death.
The addition of ‘cause of death’ will reflect how data is reported at
global level by WHO, according to the five leading maternal
mortality causes– severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure
(pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), complications during delivery, and
unsafe abortion. Sources of data: This data is already being
collected bi-annually at global level for all Member States from vital
statistics, household surveys, health facility data, censuses and
modeling, with global monitoring by the Maternal Mortality Expert
and Inter-Agency group led by WHO with UNFPA, UNICEF, the
World Bank and UNDESA.
Plan International
Planned Parenthood Federation of We welcome the two proposed indicators under target 3.1 however
America we would like to suggest the following recommendation: Maternal
deaths per 100,000 live births ADD: by cause of death.
Practical Action
PROGRAMA UNIVERSITARIO DE
DERECHOS HUMANOS DE LA
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
Public Services International
Realizing Sexual and Reproductive An indicator for this target would be more effective if we measure
Justice Alliance (RESURJ) the causes of maternal mortality. We suggest the following:
Maternal mortality per 100,000 live births disaggregated by causes
of death (including unsafe abortion, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia,
hemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders, HIV related,
hemorrhagic, and prolonged or obstructed labor) and further
disaggregated by age, income, disability, geographic location, race
and ethnicity
Sightsavers
Signatory organizations: United 3.1.1 Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
Nations Foundation, Plan
International, Girl Effect, CARE, Additional disaggregations: by causes of death (including unsafe
International Women's Health abortion, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and other hypertensive
Coalition, Girls Not Brides, World disorders, hemorrhage, sepsis, HIV related, hemorrhagic, and
Association of Girl Guides and Girl prolonged or obstructed labor)
Scouts, European Parliamentary
Forum, International Center for DATA SOURCE: CRVS, household surveys, censuses, health
Research on Women, Advocates facility data, RAMOS, confidential enquiries, modeling
for Youth, FHI360, Equality Now,
Mercy Corps, Let Girls Lead, NOTES: Maternal mortality is the second leading cause of death of
International Rescue Committee girls aged 15-19 and 70,000 adolescents in developing countries
die annually of causes related to pregnancy; the risk of maternal
death for mothers under age 15 in low-and middle-income countries
is double that of older females. The addition of ‘cause of death’ will
reflect how data is reported at global level by WHO, according to
the five leading maternal mortality causes and will assist in the
development of programmes and interventions that will address the
leading causes of death, ensuring more effective implementation of
the target.
Society for the Psychological Data on maternal mortality ratio disaggregated by age, race,
Study of Social Issues; Psychology ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, disability, rural/urban
Coalition at the United Nations residence, national origin, and migratory status..
Stakeholder Group on Ageing
(posted by HelpAge International)
TAG
TB Alliance Recommended indicator: [Complementary national level indicator]
Number of new health technologies registered by the National
Regulatory Authority and/or recommended by national guidelines
(Disaggregated by SDG target [disease or health priority])
Tebtebba
The Hague University of Applied Reducing mortality is certainly certainly an admirable aim. Yet, such
Science an aim does not consider the long-term effects of population
growth. It is not empirically proven that all countries follow the low
mortality - low fertility progression, as demographic transition theory
assumes. Indeed, in developing world improvements in medicine
and public health have led to a sharp drop in mortality rates and
have accelerated population growth rates to unprecedented levels.
But fertility rates remain high; much human potential remains
unrealized, and economic development is stalled. Agricultural
intensification can go some way towards restoring a balance
between food production and population, but there are limits
beyond which intensification cannot go (as UN report Our Common
Future in 1987 has stated).
The average number of children in Niger is 7 per woman, despite
lower mortality rates (http://kff.org/global-indicator/total-fertility-
rate/). Long-term effects need to be considered
Transparency International In tracking this target, it would be critical to look at how corruption
impacts its achievement. The relevant target and indicator should
be drawn from target 16.5 given the strong and proven inter-
linkages between corruption, governance, health and well-being.
For example, widespread bribery is associated with higher maternal
mortality. Lower maternal mortality is associated with increased
public access to information.
-
https://www.transparency.org/files/content/feature/2014_MDGs_Stat
istical_Annex.pdf.
-
http://www.transparency.org/images/uploads/feature/MDG_infograp
hic_hi-res.jpg.#
UCLG
Umamanita Indicators to track targets 3.1 and 3.2 require the inclusion of
stillbirth rate (SBR) – stillbirths per 1000 births - in addition to
maternal mortality ratio, under-5 mortality rate and neonatal
mortality rate. SBR is a marker of equity and quality care in
pregnancy and childbirth. It is a core indicator in the Every Newborn
action plan, which the World Health Assembly endorsed in 2014
after wide consultation. Efforts to prevent stillbirths will also prevent
maternal and newborn deaths and improve health outcomes for a
child through their lifecourse. The SDGs should focus on the
biggest, most inequitable conditions. There are 2.6 million stillbirths
each year, deaths in the last 12 weeks of pregnancy, with half
occurring at the time of birth, and there has been little progress to
reduce stillbirths in most countries (Lancet Stillbirth Series, 2011). It
will be critical to measure in every country in order to accurately
track progress for women’s and children’s health.
University of Luxembourg/Simon
Fraser University
University of Southampton The Suggested Indicators are excellent (MMR and SBA) and
provide accountability continuity from failed MDG5. MMR should be
disaggregated by several factors including cause of death (severe
bleeding, infections, blood pressure, delivery complications, and
unsafe abortion). There is an argument for SBA to be included in
the UHC package under 3.8.1. As long as it’s either in 3.1 OR 3.8.1
it’s OK (it’s a very important indicator). If SBA is moved to 3.8.1 we
would recommend including instead under target 3.1 a morbidity
indicator for childbearing women e.g. either
1) “Obstetric Fistula Prevalence”. (See
http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/prh/rh_indicators/specific/of/numb
er-percent-of-women-living-with-of )
or
2) Total Disability Life Years Lost (DALYs) to reproductive ill health
in women of reproductive age as a percentage of all DALYs lost
(see AbouZahr, C and Vaughan JP (2015), Assessing the burden of
sexual and reproductive ill-health: questions regarding the use of
disability-adjusted life years. Bull World Health Organ vol.78 n.5
Geneva Jan. 2000)
USIL I follow this target but it does not a way to promote and support
abortion policies.
VENRO working group on health We welcome the two proposed indicators under target 3.1. However
we would like to suggest the following:
• Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births ADD: by cause of
death. The addition of ‘cause of death’ will reflect how data is
reported at global level by WHO, according to the five leading
maternal mortality causes – severe bleeding, infections, high blood
pressure (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), complications during
delivery, and unsafe abortion.
Sources of data: This data is already being collected bi-annually at
global level for all Member States from vital statistics, household
surveys, health facility data, censuses and modeling, with global
monitoring by the Maternal Mortality Expert and Inter-Agency group
led by WHO with UNFPA, UNICEF, the World Bank and UNDESA.
VSO VSO welcomes 2 suggested indicators for Target 3.1 from the
August 11 Indicator Proposals. Measuring maternal mortality ratio is
essential to monitoring progress on target 3.1 which aims at
lowering the maternal mortality ratio. And skilled birth attendants are
key for lowering the maternal mortality ratio. In addition, the second
indicator is a proxy indicator for the existence of a functioning
health system.
WaterAid
Women for Women's Human Rights 3.1.1 Maternal mortality per 100,000 live births disaggregated by
- New Ways causes of death including unsafe abortion, pre-eclampsia and
eclampsia, hemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders, HIV
related, hemorrhagic, and prolonged or obstructed labor and
further disaggregated by age (with extended age range of 10 -
49+), income, disability, geographic location, race and ethnicity
3.1.2 Adolescent birth rate (10-14, 15-19)
Women's Global Network for Proposal: Proportion of health facilities that provide care for
Reproductive Rights (WGNRR) complications related to unsafe abortion or, where it is not against
the law, that provide safe abortion.
Addresses ICPD consensus that "In all cases, women should have
access to quality services for the management of complications
arising from abortion"; Many countries have taken on reforms on
restrictive abortion laws to enable abortion on request or expand
the legal range grounds for abortion; under comprehensive abortion
care (safe abortion or post-abortion care), the indicator should also
measure provision of modern method of contraceptive to women
receiving abortion care and availability of trained staff and supplies
to perform safe abortion and post-abortion care.
Country studies
World Chlorine Council Safe drinking water is essential to maternal and child health.
Chlorinated drinking water helps mothers and children avoid the
debilitating effects of waterborne illnesses such as cholera and
typhoid fever. This target is therefore linked to targets under Goal
#6.
World Youth Alliance
WWF
YouAct We agree with the suggested indicators, but to this indicator
"Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births" add at the end: "by
cause of death, age, income, location, race, ethnicity and other
characteristic"And especially highlight the disaggregation regarding
age. Disaggregation by age subgroups should cover the cohorts of
10-14, 15-19, 20-24, and 25 years and above.Data collection for
10-14 year olds is critical: this group has five times the risk of dying
from pregnancy-and childbirth-related causes than women over
20-especially relevant in contexts with high levels of child,
early and forced marriage.
Explanation
For example, in relation to improving the survival of mothers and
babies - health professionals should be able to identify at risk
pregnancies and complications if expectant mothers have the
required basic ultrasound scans during their pregnancy. This would
then save lives if this is acted upon.
No comments
a) Postnatal care for mothers and babies within two days of birth.
b) Antenatal care coverage (at least four times during pregnancy).
c) Under-5 mortality xx/1000 live births in all countries.
d) Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel.
See PMNCH's recommendation -
http://www.who.int/pmnch/post2015_draft_indicator.pdf
3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children
under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal
mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5
mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births.
1. Under-five mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)
especially among disadvantaged groups.
2. Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) especially
among disadvantaged groups.
3. Neo-natal mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) especially
among disadvantaged groups.
Indicators to track targets 3.1 and 3.2 require the inclusion of
stillbirth rate (SBR) – stillbirths per 1000 births - in addition to
maternal mortality ratio, under-5 mortality rate and neonatal
mortality rate. SBR is a marker of equity and quality care in
pregnancy and childbirth. It is a core indicator in the Every Newborn
action plan, which the World Health Assembly endorsed in 2014
after wide consultation. Efforts to prevent stillbirths will also prevent
maternal and newborn deaths and improve health outcomes for a
child through their lifecourse. The SDGs should focus on the
biggest, most inequitable conditions. There are 2.6 million stillbirths
each year, deaths in the last 12 weeks of pregnancy, with half
occurring at the time of birth, and there has been little progress to
reduce stillbirths in most countries (Lancet Stillbirth Series, 2011). It
will be critical to measure in every country in order to accurately
track progress for women’s and children’s health.
I follow this target but it does not a way to promote and support
abortion policies.
We welcome the inclusion of these two indicators, and call for
disaggregation by sex, location (U/R) and household income.
OP are to be protected
Condom use at last high risk sex. Source of data: Collected through
household surveys, such as Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
(MICS), Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Reproductive
and Health Surveys (RHS), Behavioural Surveillance Surveys
(BSS), and other nationally representative household surveys
I follow this target but it does not a way to promote and support
abortion policies.
We welcome the HIV indicator under this target. However it only
focuses on transmission, and does not reflect on the impact that
prevention and access to treatment can have. Therefore, we
recommend continuing to use at least two of the existing MDG
indicators which capture access to ARV and behavior change
related to reducing risk:
- Percent of people living with HIV and AIDS receiving
antiretroviral treatment, by sex, age, income quintile. Sources of
data: Information on this MDG indicator is reported annually to
UNAIDS and WHO, disaggregated by age, sex and public/private
facility.
- Condom use at last high risk sex. Source of data: Collected
through household surveys, such as MICS, DHS, Reproductive and
Health Surveys (RHS), and other nationally representative
household surveys.
The NCD Alliance proposes these indicators align with the existing
25 WHO NCD indicators contained in the Global Monitoring
Framework. The indicator measuring tobacco use should also
include exposure to secondhand smoke, disaggregated by age.
TIER: Tier I or II
The Stakeholder Group on Ageing does not accept the concept and
implications of ‘premature’ mortality. This risks institutionalizing age
discrimination in the delivery of health outcomes.
I follow this target but it does not a way to promote and support
abortion policies.
We support indicator 3.4.2 (Current tobacco use among persons 15
years and over) which should be retained and disaggregated by
sex, age and income as suggested by UN WOMEN. This particular
disaggregation takes into account the nature of an addictive
substance (age) as well as the vector of disease's marketing tactics
(target groups: youth, women, underprivileged) which are at the
core of the global tobacco epidemic.
3.4.1 Proportion of population, at a minimum disaggregated by
age, sex, gender, geography, ethnicity, income and disability, dying
of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory
disease
3.4.2 Proportion of population, at a minimum disaggregated by
age, sex, gender, geography, race, ethnicity, income and disability,
suffering from mental health illness
3.4.1 Proportion of population, at a minimum disaggregated by age,
sex, gender, geography, ethnicity, income and disability, dying of
cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory
disease
Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Institute for Health
Metrics and Evaluation (http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/)
(Data available at 5 year intervals from 1990 to 2010. Future
updates expected).
The two proposed indicators related to target 3.5 are not well
designed to be a useful tool in following the development in
preventing and treating substance abuse in the context of
development. GAPA will propose as an alternative the inclusion of
an indicator measuring total per capita alcohol consumption. There
is strong epidemiological evidence to suggest that a reduction in
per capita alcohol consumption will reduce social and health
problems caused by alcohol in a population. “Per capita
consumption of litres of pure alcohol among persons aged 15+” is a
good indicator where data is available and being collected by the
World Health Organization.
Total per capita (aged 15+ years old) pure alcohol consumption
within a calendar year in liters
Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse,
including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol, including
their effects on unborn children.
PROPOSAL: (Suggested indicator):
“Degree of implementation of WHO guideline/recommendation on
use of safety-engineered syringes in healthcare settings”
(See Target 3.3.7 above also)
We work in the area of alcohol policy and consider alcohol to be a
very important and under emphasised risk factor, not only for NCDs,
but with important causal links to injuries (eg from violence and
traffic crash) and detrimental effects linked to economic costs and
reduction in human capital.
For this reason we strongly advocate the retention of an indicator of
per capita alcohol consumption. This measure is readily available,
is an indicator used by WHO and has well understood relationship
with alcohol-related harm.
Programmes raising awareness in the public, and in education
systems, of Mental Health issues and Stress-related Disorders,
including drug and alcohol abuse. This campaign should also
address disaster prevention and psychosocial resilience. The
campaign should follow a public health model, to reduce stigma
about mental problems, to highlight psychosocial strengths building,
and to encourage people to seek professional help. Assess
prevention impact by use of data disaggregated by gender, age,
race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, disability, rural/urban
residence, national origin, and migratory status.
Ministry of health annual Budget for prevention
Good recommendation. But it is necessary to create supervision
and fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
Target 3.6: By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and
injuries from road traffic accidents
Recommended modification:
Number of road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100 000 population,
disaggregated by age
Indicators
How prepared are NATIONS and communities to handfle
emergencies
What is the state of the highways
Availability and accessibility of health facilities
Availability and attitude of health workers to work.
Given the impact of road traffic injuries on disability, we are
concerned it is not reflected in the suggested indicator which
focuses on fatal injury deaths. We therefore suggest indicator to
cover this aspect and data to be disaggregated.
Measuring only fatal injuries does not capture the full burden of the
health impact of road traffic collisions. Non-fatal injuries can also
result in serious health impacts. We suggest the indicator be
amended to include injuries as well as fatalities. It is also important
to ensure that pedestrian and cyclist injuries and deaths are
disaggregated. Often they are grouped in a category called
“vulnerable road users”. However this category also includes
motorbikes and it would be better and more accurate to ensure that
pedestrians and cyclists are captured separately. We would amend
the indicator:
Number of road traffic injuries and fatal injury deaths per 100 000
population (age-standardized)
This is possible only if Governments think of creating efficient and
regular public transportation systems. People with individual
vehicles should be taxed heavily in terms of luxury, environment
and crowding nature of cities.
For Target 3.6, measuring only fatal injuries does not capture the
full burden of the health impact of road traffic collisions. Non-fatal
injuries can also result in serious health impacts. We suggest the
indicator be amended to include injuries as well as fatalities. It is
also important to ensure that pedestrian and cyclist injuries and
deaths are disaggregated. Often they are grouped in a category
called “vulnerable road users”. However this category also includes
motorbikes and it would be more accurate to ensure that
pedestrians and cyclists are captured separately.
By 2020, halve the number of global deaths, injuries and
disabilities from road traffic accidents
Indicator 3.6.1: Number of road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100
000 population (age-standardized)
Comments:
• An established and important indicator
• Measured on a 2-3 year cycle already in virtually all countries
on a consistent basis
• Priority should be ‘1’ as proposed by WHO
• Disaggregation by sex and age is supported where data
permits and/or by mode of transport (e.g. pedestrian, bicycle, bus
etc). If we were able to get this data by city and by mode, we could
use this a measure of safety and proxy of investment in
infrastructure and policies for pedestrians and cyclists
Data on deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents,
disaggregated by gender age, race, ethnicity, indigenous identity,
income, disability, rural/urban residence, national origin, and
migratory statu
Why do indicators/targets have a target year of 2020 rather than
2030? What is the target after 2020? The proposed indicator should
be disaggregated by sex, age and location (rural vs urban).
Prevention and national campaign for read and traffic security as
well as legislation on this
Good recommendation. But it is necessary to create supervision
and fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
Measuring only deaths by road traffic is not enough to let us
understand about impact of road traffic collisions. Injuries can
impact to health and other aspects as well. We recommend that
the indicator of target 3.6 should be added injuries. At the moment
in most statistic data system, the vulnerable road user is grouped of
motorcyclist as well as other non-motorized transportation users
such as pedestrians and cyclists. In case of developing countries
such as Vietnam, we could not consider motorcyclist as vulnerable
road users. Motorcycle is cover more than 80 percent of trips and
they are the reason of accidents for pedestrians and cyclist most of
the time.
3.6.1 Number of deaths due to road traffic accidents, at a minimum
disaggregated by age, sex, gender, geography, race, ethnicity,
income and disability.
Death registration data using ICD 10, civil registration and vital
statistics systems with full coverage, population-based
health surveys with verbal autopsy, Administrative reporting
systems (police reports)
Adolescent birth rate (10-14; 15-19) per 1,000 women in that age
group disaggregated by sex, age.
3.7.1 Percentage of demand met for family planning with modern
contraceptives (Benchmark: 75%) disaggregated by age,
geographic location, ethnicity, race, disability, health status, and
educational level
3.7.2 Proportion of adolescent girls who have received the HPV
vaccine according to current guidelines.
3.7.3 Proportion of health facilities that provide a comprehensive
sexual and reproductive health package of care which include:
Access to information on SRH; modern methods of contraceptives;
maternal health; access to safe abortion and post abortion care;
HIV prevention; STIs and reproductive cancers diagnosis and
prevention; information on assisted reproduction
3.7.4 Proportion of young people who demonstrate desired levels of
knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, including at a
minimum: 1. knowledge of three common types of contraceptive
measures: oral contraceptive (pill), condom, and at least one
longer-acting reversible contraceptive (injection, IUD, implant); 2.
knowledge of two ways to reduce sexual transmission of HIV; a
measure related to gender, power relation, and perceptions of
gender equality
This target's text can be just "By 2030, ensure universal access to
sexual and reproductive health care, including family planning."
No comments
a) Adolescent birth rate.
b) Laws/policies allowing access to contraceptive and other sexual
and reproductive health information and services without third-party
authorization/notification, including spousal and parental/guardian
authorization/notification
c) Changes in national laws to support expanded access to safe,
legal abortion.
d) Antenatal care coverage.
e) Unmet need for family planning.
f) Contraceptive Prevalence Rate.
g) Percentage of women who have made an informed choice about
their contraception method. (Currently measured by FP 2020, PMA
2020 Survey, DHS.)
h) Available obstetric facilities per 100,000.
i) An indicator to measure universal access and/or restrictions and
stigma. For example percentage of the population who report
discriminatory attitudes towards key populations.
j) Proportion of family planning demand met with modern
contraceptives.
Replace 3.7.1 with Contraceptive Prevalence Rate. CPR has long
been used as a measure of the success of contraceptive
programmes and is easier to calculate and understand (simply
being the proportion of WRA who use contraception) than ‘met
demand’ (which also tries to capture unmet need). CPR is more
feasible to monitor routinely from various data sources as it does
not rely on data on fertility intentions which is required to calculate
‘met demand’ and is difficult to capture accurately.
Include:
• Percentage of primary health care facilities that provide a
minimum package of SRH services as defined by Essential
Interventions, Commodities and Guidelines for Reproductive,
Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
Additional disaggregations:
Location of birth (i.e. health facility, home, etc)
Proposed Text:
I follow this target but it does not a way to promote and support
abortion policies.
We welcome indicator 3.7.2 which should be retained.
We suggest to replace indicator 3.7.1 (ABR) with an indicator
measuring access to SRH services, e.g. ‘percentage of women and
girls who have made an informed choice about their contraceptive
method’ (collected by DHS, FP2020). This indicator is more
effective at tracking access to rights-based empowered decision
making, while ABR may have the unintended consequence of
limiting adolescents’ reproductive choice.
If the indicator on ABR remains, we suggest to use 3 age groups:
the risk of 10-14 year olds of dying from childbirth-related
complications is 5 times higher than for women in their 20s, and
childbearing is often rooted in coercion and discriminatory practices,
such as child, early and forced marriage, and sexual violence; 15-
17 year olds account for the majority of unplanned and unwanted
teenage pregnancies; among 18-19 year olds a significant share of
births occurs within marriage and union, thus more likely to be
planned.
Here is an example:
Indicator: Percentage of people who present at any basic health
care setting are diagnosed using medical technologies.
Explanation
This would measure the precision of diagnosis using medical
technologies when people present with symptoms of diseases such
as communicable and non-communicable diseases. Therefore the
measurement can be 100 people showed symptoms of coughing
and 50 were diagnosed with TB through technologies such as X-ray
and the other 50 were in the clear. The outcome was that treatment
was given to the 50% who had TB.
With vaccines for all in the target the indicator proposed by Gavi
would also fit here
Disaggregated by disability:
- e.g Percentage of persons with disabilities receiving needed
health
services; ,
- Percentage of persons with disabilities receiving needed assistive
technologies;
- Proportion of households with persons with disabilities facing
impoverishing health expenditure;
- Percentage of persons with disabilities benefitting from health
coverage
Suggested target
With particular attention to the most marginalised and people in
vulnerable situations, by 2030 achieve universal health coverage,
including 100% coverage of essential and quality health services,
and access to safe, effective and affordable essential medicines
and vaccines for all and end all impoverishment due to health
expenditure and out of pocket payments.
Comment:
• Measures progress towards achieving UHC and what is not
covered in UHC benefit schemes.
The evidence correlating HIV risk/prevalence and child protection
concerns and the recent experience of many children being
orphaned by Ebola demonstrate why effective social welfare
systems are an essential part of health systems. Developing social
welfare infrastructure linked to health systems, including referral
mechanisms and case management, is essential to children’s
health, development, education, and protection outcomes.
Recommended indicators:
Percentage of persons with disabilities receiving needed health
services
Percentage of persons with disabilities receiving needed assistive
technologies;
Proportion of households with persons with disabilities facing
impoverishing health expenditure;
Percentage of persons with disabilities benefitting from health
coverage
No comments
a) % of national budget’s expenditure on health and health
expenditure per capita.
b) Out of pocket expenditures.
c) Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel.
d) % of individuals in community/facility catchment area reporting
awareness of, access to, and satisfaction with health services
(disaggregated by gender, age, marital status, urban/rural, wealth
quintile).
=>
Universal Health Coverage, UHC, is not just health financing, it
should cover all components of the health system to be successful.
Suggested indicators:
Ratio of public social workers (or equivalent) to population.
The percentage of children living outside of households, including in
institutions.
The indicator for this target should be modified to read "Mean levels
of exposure to ambient air pollution (population weighted)"
Limiting the indicator to just urban areas overlooks a substantial
population suffering from the impacts from outdoor air pollution
exposure. Expanding the indicator to include both urban and rural
areas ensures that all human and environmental impacts referred to
in the target are accounted for.
The annual average or mean is a more specific and reliable
indicator for monitoring the health and environmental impacts which
is not unduly influenced by daily fluctuations or short-term peaks in
air pollution levels.
Weighting annual levels of fine PM by the size of the population in
urban and rural area increases the specificity of this indicator.
The data sources: Global Platform on Air Quality and Health; WHO
Guidelines for Air Quality; WHO’s Global Health Observatory; WHO
Ambient Air Pollution Database in cities
Why not, "By 2030, reduce by half the number of deaths and
illnesses from ..."? Why just "substantially", which is such a relative
term?
Comments:
• An established and important indicator
• Measured directly in many locations already
• Can use satellite imaging and other data in short term to
determine the index
• Transport and other sectoral contributions should be identified
as Tier II indicator where data exist
We recommend a change in wording of the indicator to: Population
exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollution levels (MP10 and
PM2.5) above WHO guideline values.
WHO
WHO
Suggested Indicators:
Concentration of coliform bacteria, nitrates, and other contaminants
in waterways.
Prevalence of waterways undergoing eutrophication.
Concentration of particulate matter, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and
other contaminants in the air.
WWF would support a broader coverage of issues beyond only air
pollution to better capture the intent of this target, for example as
proposed by UNEP: Alternative: Death and disability (disaggregated
by sex and age) from indoor and outdoor air quality,
water/sanitation, and contaminated sites.
Target 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the World Health
Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all
countries, as appropriate
We suggest to adapt indicator 3.a.1 to indicator 3.4.2 (age 15 and
older, disaggregated data by sex, age and income).
Global health R&D is fundamental to achieving the health targets and this
measure must be included in the indicator framework. However the R&D
element of target 3.b cannot be measured with any of the indicators currently
being considered by the key groups involved in developing the indicators.
Current proposal is inadequate because they cannot distinguish R&D that is
being done specifically for “diseases that primarily affect developing
countries” from any other type of health research. For this reason, R&D
indicators specific to target 3.b are required.
I agree and I appreaciate very much and how to realise stiil have many
problems to solve
3.b.1 Proportion of people living with HIV with access to HIV treatment, by
age, sex and key population
Even as this is a means rather than a target, an indicator about access to
life-saving medicines would be useful to measure the proportion of people
who access medication or vaccines as compared to the total number of
people who should receive it. A formula could be used for all medicines and
vaccines - the number of people who need it divided by the number of people
with access. All health indicators should be disaggregated by age and
gender.
There may be a large degree of overlap with the access component of this
target and 3.8.
No comments
We support the inclusion of the indicators ‘General government
expenditure on health as % of GDP’ and ‘Health worker density and
distribution’, as recommended by the WHO.
3.c.2. We propose to add an indicator on “Government expenditure
on health as a % of GDP (Excluding compulsory schemes and
capturing general government expenditure only)”. This indicator is
not intended to replace the existing one on the number of health
workers; the two indicators must go together. It is however critical
this indicator is added. Focusing on health workers alone is
insufficient without also looking at overall investment in the health
sector. Without including this indicator there is also a risk that
existing indicators on financing healthcare are used to justify
increased investment in insurance schemes, or do not push for the
overall increased investment needed to deliver quality, free
healthcare for all. It is only when public financing is increased to
crowd out out-of-pocket expenditure on health that the
impoverishing impact of out of pocket spending is reduced. It is
important this indicator excludes compulsory schemes as noted
above, as they become de facto voluntary in countries with large
informal sectors where membership cannot be enforced.
Recommended indicator: [Global indicator, nationally collected]
Percentage of total health workers routinely tracked with key
workforce indicators (including recruitment, development, training
and retention) by national health workforce information system or
registry.
This measure will encourage countries to gather and maintain
information essential to planning, developing, and supporting the
health workforce.
COMMENT: Endorse WHO suggested indicators
Africa Network Campaign on While supporting most of the proposed indicators, the first
Education for All (ANCEFA) indicator- data provided should be dis-aggregated by
income quintile, gender, race/ethnicity, disability, rural and
urban place of residence. Additional categories may be
identified at the national level.
Per pupil expenditure should be highlighted in the
learning assessment
Asia South Pacific Association for We support the Global Campaign for Education's (GCE)
Basic and Adult Education submission:
(ASPBAE)
Indicators are cross cutting across the stages and include
educational institutions that cover one last year of pre-
primary,primary and secondary education level:
Rationale:
As GCE indicated, a central proposition of target 4.1 is
the accomplishment of 12 years of free publicly funded
primary and secondary education; this is similarly the
case for target 4.2 and its proposition of one year free
pre-primary. An indicator that is able to track this
dimension is of paramount importance.
Racionale:
A central proposition of target 4.1 is the accomplishment
of 12 years of free publicly funded primary and secondary
education. The principle of gratuity is a pillar of education
human rights treaties and the positive impact of ensuring
free education is incontestable.
CBM UK
CEAAL
ChildFund Alliancd
CHOICE for youth and sexuality 4.1.1 Completion rate at all levels of education (including
but not limited to: primary, lower secondary, upper
secondary, tertiary, and higher level education); data
should be disaggregated by age (including older
persons), sex, gender, income and of place of residence
Christoffel-Blindenmission A central proposition of target 4.1 is the accomplishment
Deutschland e.V. of 12 years of free publicly funded primary and
secondary education; this is similarly the case for target
4.2 and its proposition of one year free pre-primary. An
indicator that is able to track this dimension is of
paramount importance. The principle of gratuity is a pillar
of education human rights treaties and the positive impact
of ensuring free education is incontestable, for all
including children with disabilities.
Danish Institute for Human RIghts The reference in the proposed indicator to “where data is
available” should be deleted, as target 17.18. explicitly
aims at building capacity for data disaggregation by 2020
DSW (Deutsche Stiftung
Weltbevoelkerung
Dutch Coalition on Disability and A central proposition of target 4.1 is the accomplishment
Development www.dcdd.nl of 12 years of free publicly funded primary and
secondary education; this is similarly the case for target
4.2 and its proposition of one year free pre-primary. An
indicator that is able to track this dimension is of
paramount importance. The principle of gratuity is a pillar
of education human rights treaties and the positive impact
of ensuring free education is incontestable, for all
including children with disabilities.
ericsson
European Youth Forum The suggested indicator only covers specific learning
outcomes (reading and mathematics) and does not
measure whether a broader set of relevant and effective
learning outcomes have been achieved.
Family Care International
FAWENA
Foundation Center (on behalf of Suggested Indicator 4.1.2: Indicator should specify/break
SDG Philanthropy Platform) down children/young people further into age groups and
add in a component on completion rate beyond how is
written at present
“Percentage of children/young people at the end of each
level of education achieving at least a minimum
proficiency level in (a) reading and (b) mathematics.
Disaggregations: sex, location, wealth (and others where
data are available)”
Indicator:
Percentage of children who achieve proficiency in (a)
literacy and (b) numeracy skills, at the end of (i) primary
(ii) secondary, ACCORDING TO NATIONAL STANDARDS
(*)
Guttmacher Institute
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential
goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for whole
societies.
Institute for Reproductive and It is good idea and we have to do it for every countries,
Family Health however we cannot ensure to do it due to it is not free in
Vietnam
Internaitonal Council of AIDS
Service Organizations
Investigaciòn e Intervencion
Educativa AC
Japan Council on Education for
Sustainable Development
Johns Hopkins University Drop the text from "leading to...outcomes". If a quality
education is provided, these learning outcomes will
materialize.
Kamla Nehru College, University of No comments
Delhi
Kepa Finland Not enough space here for our comments. See the
Finnish NGO Task Force's Position Paper on Post-2015
Agenda, including indicators, pages 16-17:
http://www.kepa.fi/tiedostot/post-2015_ngo-task-forces-
position-paper_web.pdf
Lumos
Maestral International
Major Group of Workers and Trade Suggested indicator 4.1.1 should have 'according to
Unions national standards' specified at the end of the indicator.
This supports the national-level efforts to build robust
education system, respectful of the country's cultural and
linguistic diversity. Testing must not apply earlier than at
the end of primary education.
Malala Fund The SDG indicators will drive action on the SDG
commitments. Implementers and duty-bearers will focus
efforts on what will be measured. As such, it is imperative
that the global indicators do not de facto lower the
ambition of the targets with which they are associated.
Any global indicator for this target must measure against
progress at primary, lower secondary AND upper
secondary levels.
PAI
Pathfinder International
Peruvian Campaign for the Right to Indicator should state % of children that receive 12 years
Education of free education, disaggregated by income quintile,
gender, ethnicity, mother tongue, rural and urban
population and, disability. Human right to education
implies access to free education to achieve opportunities
for all.
Completion rates of primary and secondary education
give us valuable information about equity and quality
education. Transitional rates between pre-primary and
primary/primary and secondary/secondary and tertiary
education will be very helpful to tackle drop outs that
should be overcome.
Proficiency in literacy and numeracy should be measured
according to national standards and taking care of
multicultural and linguistic contexts.
Plan International Plan International believes that proficiency levels and
methodologies must be determined at national level,
respectful of multi-cultural and linguistic contexts and that
nationally-defined indicators will provide the best
measurement to capture a holistic and rights-based
learning process. We therefore advocate the 3
recommended global-level indicators listed to replace
IAEG suggested indicators for targets 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3.
These 3 recommendations can provide cross-cutting
indicators for targets 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 and align with
those recommended by the Global Campaign for
Education.
Practical Action
Regional network for yourth and Including youth and adults. It should be difficult to ensure
Adult Education Advocacy full schooling of girls and boys if aduls and youth remain
illiterarte or without access to education. Because
experiences have showen that girls and boys leadered by
literated father have more chances do not abandoning
school than girls and boys being leadered by a illiterate
fathar or mother.
REPEM
Save the Children AMEND INDICATOR 4.1.1: (% of children who achieve
minimum proficiency standards in reading and
mathematics at end of i) primary and ii) lower secondary;
Disaggregations: sex, location, wealth (and others where
data are available)) Amend from the focus on literacy and
numeracy to use a holistic assessment (such as EGRA
EGMA).
Society for the Psychological Data on completion of free, equitable and quality primary
Study of Social Issues; Psychology and secondary education, disaggregated by gender, age,
Coalition at the United Nations race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, disability,
rural/urban residence, national origin, and migratory
status.
The Hague University of Applied again, the film Schooling teh World is instructive against
Science irrational exuberance:
schoolingtheworld.org/
The Miracle Foundation Indicator 4.1.2: The Miracle Foundation calls for
disaggregation and adequate representation of orphans
and vulnerable children, including those living on the
street or in program/institutional/orphanage care, in the
surveys utilized to measure the indicator.
Theatre of Solutions This target is directly related to the one we proposed in
April 2014 at Crowdicity GPY2015 on the post 2015
development agenda
https://gpy2015.crowdicity.com/post/47024.It states that:
by the year 2030, all UN member states to integrate
Social and Emotional Learning to their education
curriculum. This will guarantee emotional intelligence
which would be hugely responsible for the Relevant and
Effective Learning Outcomes targeted by the SDG.
Social and Emotional Learning among boys and girls
promotes their self awareness, self concept, self esteem
and self efficacy.This is why we have designed a Self
Awareness Ladder to help young people attain these
positive and crucial personality traits for a well rounded
education.
The indicator to monitor progress is the Self Awareness
Index and Self Management Index both of which will be in
the form of questionaires to be administered among
school boys and girls for self or guided reporting to get
feedback on symptoms, behavior or trends on their
emotional intelligence or social and emotional learning.
UCLG
University of Southampton
Women for Women's Human Rights 4.1.1 Completion rate at all levels of education (including
- New Ways but not limited to: primary, lower secondary, upper
secondary, tertiary, and higher level education); data
should be disaggregated by age (including older
persons), sex, gender, income and of place of residence
Women in Europe for a Common % of schools with pupils using safely managed sanitation
Future, African Ministries Council services with separate toilets for females and males
on Water, BORDA, Sustainable including menstrual hygiene management (MHM)
Sanitation Alliance, Women's Major OR
Group, Women's Environmental Absenteeism of boys and girls* in secondary school (age
Programme, GWA of 14-16 years)
Women's Major Group 4.1.1 Completion rate at all levels of education (including
but not limited to: primary, lower secondary, upper
secondary, tertiary, and higher level education); data
should be disaggregated by age (including older
persons), sex, gender, income and of place of residence
World Chlorine Council In much of the developing world women and girls procure
the family's water, often walking long distances over many
hours per week. Water infrastructure--such as light,
durable PVC pipe--that delivers safe, chlorinated drinking
water to households helps enable women and girls to
focus on education and employment. This target is
therefore linked to targets under Goal #6.
WorldWIDE Network Nigeria:
Women in Development and
Environment
WWF
YouAct
Young and adult people education Additional indicators proposed:
Network
% of schools that are free, disaggregated by
level
Transition rates between pre-primary and primary/
primary and secondary/ secondary and tertiary
Racionale:
This is similarly the case for target 4.2 and its proposition
of one year free pre-primary. An indicator that is able to
track this dimension is of paramount importance. The
principle of gratuity is a pillar of education human rights
treaties and the positive impact of ensuring free education
is incontestable
Indicators:
Transition rates between pre-primary and primary/
primary and secondary/ secondary and tertiary (*)
Racionale:
Transition rates tackle crucial moments of progression
through the education systems, where drop out tends to
be concentrated, and to an extent indicate the extent of
quality of education.
- Availability of scholarships.
The percentage of people in a given age-range (eg 25-64
years) participating in education or training in the 12
months prior to being interviewed
% of schools that are free, disaggregated by level (*)
We hope so
4.3.1 Enrollment and completion ratios by level and type
of formal and non-formal education disaggregated by age
(including men and women over 60), sex, geography,
income level, race, ethnicity and disability
Disaggregate to discern whether people living with HIV
leave school. This would function as a measure of
discrimination.
We propose:
Racionale:
A structural indicator is best placed to capture progress
made in prioritizing TVET and tertiary education,
especially considering the overcoming of multiple barriers
that impede access to these levels and modalities of
education
Additional indicators proposed:
• The percentage of youth and adult people
participating in education and training, including TVET, in
the 12 months prior to being interviewed*
• Existence of legislation or national plans for TVET
and tertiary education, including clear provisions to
guarantee non-discrimination and support for learners
from low-income backgrounds
• Existence of a national TVET qualifications and
accreditation framework, that includes recognition of prior
learning
• The percentage of youth and adult people
participating in ICT skills development programs in the 12
months prior to being interviewed*
* Disaggregated by income quintile, sex, age,
race/ethnicity, disability, rural and urban place of
residence. Additional categories may be identified at the
national level, using data of both formal and informal
economy
Lifelong learning opportunities most extent through life;
for employment purposes in many countries people have
to continue working beyond the age of 64.
Racionale:
A structural indicator is best placed to capture progress
made in prioritizing TVET and tertiary education,
especially considering the overcoming of multiple barriers
that impede access to these levels and modalities of
education
Wealth
=>
Enrollment, completion and transition rate (of different
levels of education) of children/young people from most
vulnerable groups or with a disability.
We propose:
Racionale:
Clear reference to the youth and adult population must be
made, to ensure adequate attention to both populations.
We highlight that proficiency levels and methodologies
must be determined at national level, respectful of multi-
cultural and linguistic contexts
Additional suggested indicators:
• Percentage of the youth and adult population
achieving proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b)
numeracy skills, according to national standards*
• Existence of national literacy policy and plans,
integrated to the national education system, secured by
public budget, suitable to youth and adults respectively,
with a gender perspective
• Existence of effective youth and adult literacy
programs tailored to vulnerable groups, with special
attention to women, migrants, and ethnic groups
• Existence of a national literacy assessment
framework and tools to collect, analyse and share
relevant and timely data on literacy levels and literacy and
numeracy needs
* Disaggregated by income quintile, sex, race/ethnicity,
disability, rural and urban place of residence. Additional
categories may be identified at the national level.
Furthermore, the extent to which the gap between the
highest and lowest groups is being closed should be
assessed.
See Target 1
No comments
Proficiency in literacy/numeracy to fully participate in
society
=>
Would be good to have an indicator on functional literacy:
who can use
literacy effectively in life situations and in working life.
Clear reference to the youth and adult population must be
made in the indicator for this target, to ensure adequate
attention to both populations. We highlight that proficiency
levels and methodologies must be determined at national
level, respectful of multi-cultural and linguistic contexts.
Target 4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and adults, both
men and women, reach a proficiency level in literacy and
numeracy sufficient to fully participate in society..
Indicator 4.6.1 Percentage of youth/adults proficient in
literacy and numeracy skills by age , sex, ethnicity
Indicator 4.6.2 Youth/adult literacy rate by age, ethnicity,
rural/urban
AMEND INDICATOR 4.6.1 Revise to ‘% youth/adults who
can demonstrate basic literacy/numeracy skills’
Rationale:
This qualitative dimension of the target is best captured through
assessing the extent to which education systems dedicate teaching
hours to these issues. Public funding is also an indication of the
State’s commitment to promote these concerns.
We recommend the additional indicator: percentage of schools that
provided comprehensive sexuality education in the previous
academic year (disaggregated by age, location, income, gender and
others). We believe provision of comprehensive sexuality education
which encompasses life skills-based knowledge on sexual and
reproductive health is crucial for enabling young people and
adolescents to make informed, responsible choices and exercise
their sexual and reproductive rights. Comprehensive sexuality
education promotes gender equality and provides knowledge on HIV
and STD prevention, contributes to an increased use of
contraception methods and prevention of STD transmission and
unintended pregnancies. Provision of comprehensive sexuality
education is therefore related to the realization of sexual and
reproductive health and rights, and highly contributes to the
reduction of prevalence of communicable diseases such as
HIV/AIDS and other STDs (connected to the fulfillment of targets 3.3.
and 3.7. of the Sustainable Development Goals)
Racionale:
This qualitative dimension of the target is best captured through
assessing the extent to which school systems dedicate teaching
hours to these issues.
Additional suggested indicator:
• Existence of publicly budgeted courses and programmes
dedicated to education for sustainable development, global
citizenship education (including peace and interculturalism), human
rights education and comprehensive sexuality education in non-
formal education
- Percentage of girls and boys under the age of 18 that reject racist
and sexist ideas in national value and attitude surveys.
- Percentage of 15- year old students showing proficiency in
knowledge of
environmental science and geoscience
-Percentage of teaching hours dedicated to education for
sustainable development, global citizenship education, human rights
education (as per UNGA resolution 59/113) and comprehensive
sexuality education (#)
Recommend:
I don't think that by 2030 we can sovle skill of education, cultural and
job, all people could learn and have neccessary skill for social
development, especially lifestyles human rights, gender equality,
non-violence... Regarding these issue the strategy should promote
civil society to involve, they can mobilize and educate community
people on this issue
Additional suggested indicator:
• Existence of publicly budgeted courses and programmes
dedicated to education for sustainable development, global
citizenship education (including peace and interculturalism), human
rights education and comprehensive sexuality education in non-
formal education
This target apply for many other goals. This is very important target.
Not enough space here for our comments. See the above mentioned
Finnish NGO Task Force's Position Paper on Post-2015 Agenda,
including indicators, page 20:
http://www.kepa.fi/tiedostot/post-2015_ngo-task-forces-position-
paper_web.pdf
This qualitative dimension of the target is best captured through
assessing the extent to which school systems dedicate teaching
hours to these
issues.
By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills
needed to promote sustainable development, including, among
others, through education for sustainable development and
sustainable lifestyles, human rights, disability and gender equality,
promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship
and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to
sustainable development
The form of this indicator rightly confirms that cultures differ in their
vision of what learning content, outcomes, and pedagogy would
promote education for sustainable development and education for
global citizenship. “Values” and “attitudes” are grounded in cultural
beliefs and practices. Given these considerations, the indicator
proposed should support diverse interpretations and policy solutions
for different contexts. While this form of monitoring may be messy, it
provides a richer understanding of rights-based education and
education for sustainable development across and within education
systems. The focus on environmental science and geoscience
proposed here should be complemented with nationally/locally
defined knowledge, skills, values, attitudes and behaviors that can
be assessed in classrooms, schools and communities among a
representative sub-sample of children across country. Additional
suggested indicators may be found in four commissioned papers
here:
https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/indicators-
broad-bold-education-agenda
PAI recommends the inclusion of an additional indicator: "proportion
of young people (10-24) who demonstrate desired level of
knowledge and reject major misconceptions about sexual and
reproductive health, including HIV and AIDS." This indicator
addresses the gender equality and sustainable lifestyles
components of the target. While this indicator is outcome focused,
comprehensive sexuality education is key achieving this target.
Comprehensive sexuality education is central to enable individuals
to safely and responsibly navigate their sexuality and relationships,
and empower them to be active members of their community.
Among all the sectors that play critical roles in adolescent health,
education is key (Health for the World’s Adolescents, WHO, 2014).
Complications linked to pregnancy and childbirth are the second
cause of death for 15-19-year-old girls globally and more than two
million adolescents are living with HIV (WHO Adolescents: health
risks and solutions fact sheet, 2014). The Post-2015 Working Group
strongly recommends the addition of the following indicator to
measure the “percentage of schools that provide life skills-based HIV
and continuing sexuality education“.
Suggest to add "sexual and reproductive health" after "sustainable
lifestyles" in the target.
The proposed indicator is far too short for this rich target. We
propose to measure the percentage of teaching hours that deal with
human rights education, education for sustainable development,
and comprehensive sexuality education.
Plan International, in alignment with the Global Campaign for
Education, recommend replacing the suggested indicator with: 4.7.1
% of teaching hours dedicated to education for sustainable
development, global citizenship education, human rights education
(as per UNGA resolution 59/113) and comprehensive sexuality
education.
Suggested Indicator:
Rationale:
Adaptable infrastructure and adequate materials/facilities
are also key for inclusive education. Education facilities
suitable for adult learners also need to be monitored.
Violence against girls, women and other discriminated
groups are prevalent in schools but hardly monitored and
acted upon, thus, the need to monitor whether facilities
are adequate to ensure safe/ nonviolent school
environment.
We suggest an indicator: Percentage of students
experiencing harassment, violence, discrimination and
abuse due to their sexuality (dissagregated by age,
gender, residence, and other characteristics). This
indicator would offer the option to ensure that the target’s
element of providing ‘safe, non-violent and effective
learning environments’ are measured, the omission of
which would constitute a critical gap in this target’s
monitoring. We also suggest another indicator:
Percentage of educational institutions that have specific
rules and guideleices for staff and students regarding
physical safety, stigma and discrimination towards their
sexuality, as well as sexual harassment and abuse. This
would ensure governmental effort in establishing and
enforcing key policies that work towards providing safe
learning environments.
Racionale:
Adaptable infrastructure and adequate materials and
facilities are also known to be key dimensions for
inclusive education, thus the importance of including
these dimensions alongside the others.
Comments:
• Access to schools by safe/reliable transport is critical
and should be mentioned
• Also, relevant to Target 11.2 and Target 9.1
Indicator:
Percentage of schools with access to (i) electricity; (ii)
Internet for pedagogical purposes (iii) basic drinking water
and (iv) basic single-sex sanitation facilities, including
accommodations for menstrual hygiene management
and (v) basic hand washing facilities (as per the WASH
indicator definitions)
School surveys
School surveys
Rationale:
The use of the term ‘qualified’ is more appropriate as it is
widely evidenced that availability of qualified teachers
directly impacts on quality. There should also be attention
to tracking educators in the non-formal sector of
education ensuring quality education in these
spheres/levels of education - within a lifelong learning
framework.
Proposed global indicators:
1) % of qualified teachers by level of education according
to national standards (*)
2) % of qualified educational planners, practitioners and
professionals by level of education according to national
standards (*)
Racionale:
The use of the term ‘qualified’ is more appropriate, as it is
in accordance to target 4.c. This indicator is a central one,
as it is cross-cutting and represents a quality indicator for
the different levels of education, as it is widely evidenced
that availability of qualified teachers directly impacts the
provision of quality education
Suggested indicators:
• % of qualified teachers and adult educators, in formal
and non-formal education
• Existence of national plans and programs for further
education of teachers, including adult educators
Suggested indicators:
• % of qualified teachers and adult educators, in formal
and non-formal education
• Existence of national plans and programs for further
education of teachers, including adult educators
•
4.c.1. Number of educational establishments that
incorporate in the regionalized curriculum (at all
educational levels) training on gender equality,
participation and leadership of women and men
4.c.2. The number or percentage of primary and
secondary schools with at least one teacher who has
been trained in comprehensive sexuality education and
who has taught the subject at least once in the last
academic year
Suggested additional indicator: ‘Percentage of teachers in
service who have received in-service training each year
on teaching students with special educational needs’.
(Links to targets 4.5; 10.2)
Suggested additional indicator: ‘Percentage of teachers in
service who have received in-service training each year
on teaching students with special educational needs’.
(Links to targets 4.5; 10.2)
Suggested indicators:
• % of qualified teachers and adult educators, in formal
and non-formal education
• Existence of national plans and programs for further
education of teachers, including adult educators
-Percentage of trained teachers by level of education
according to national standards
-Percentage of qualified teachers by level of education
according to national standards
I hope so
include South-South knowledge transfer
Suggested indicators:
•% of qualified teachers and adult educators, in formal
and non-formal education
•Existence of national plans and programs for further
education of teachers, including adult educators
Suggested indicators:
• % of qualified teachers and adult educators, in formal
and non-formal education
• Existence of national plans and programs for further
education of teachers, including adult educators
Too long and complicated
No Comments
Qualified teachers:
a) Percentage of teachers (disaggregated by gender)
qualified according to national standards (by level).
b) Pupil-qualified teacher ratio.
Motivated teachers:
d) Average teacher salary relative to other professionals.
e) Status of school climate and other learning
environment factors associated with teacher motivation.
Suggested indicators:
• % of qualified teachers and adult educators, in formal
and non-formal education
• Existence of national plans and programs for further
education of teachers, including adult educators
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih supervision
and fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
We welcome an indicator on teachers but believe it needs
refining. Target 4c talks about “supply of qualified
teachers” therefore measuring the % of teacher
receiving minimum organised training required for
teaching is not enough. In order to monitor whether the
% of qualified teachers are increasing over the time, we
need to monitor % of teachers qualified to be teaching
what they are teaching. For instance, in Nepal we find
many teachers might be trained and qualified for primary
level but often these teachers teach Science or Maths for
which they are not qualified and trained. Furthermore,
data should not only be dis-aggregated by sex, it is
important that such data is dis-aggregated by
locations(rural vs. urban); disability , and socio-economic
status .
We suggest also the ‘Ratio of qualified teachers to
children (dis aggregated by disability, gender, race and
ethnicity, and socio-economic status to show
inclusiveness in terms of breath of teachers and teacher /
children ratio for marginalized groups of learners) ’
There should be a specification for selected indigenous
teachers to work with qualified teachers through the
International cooperation for teacher training in
developing nations. This will help to build capacity in the
indigenous teachers.
4.c.1. Number of educational establishments that
incorporate in the regionalized curriculum (at all
educational levels) training on gender equality,
participation and leadership of women and men
4.c.2. The number or percentage of primary and
secondary schools with at least one teacher who has
been trained in comprehensive sexuality education and
who has taught the subject at least once in the last
academic year
ADF International
AIDOS
Beyond 2015 UK Relevance: the indicator captures the letter, but not
the substance of the target;
CBM UK
Center for Family and Human
Rights (C-Fam)
ChildFund Alliancd
CHOICE for youth and sexuality 5.1.1 Elimination of discriminatory legal frameworks /
policies that discriminate against women and girls,
as identified by the CEDAW Committee (specific
dimensions to be monitored include age of marriage,
inheritance, property rights, nationality, citizenship,
restrictions on work)
5.1.2 Whether or not temporary special measures to
accelerate progress towards gender equality are in
place, as defined by CEDAW.
"5.1.3 Number of countries that have ratified
CEDAW and CRC, fully nationalized their
commitments, and report to the CEDAW and CRC
committees."
Guttmacher Institute
Handicap International
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one
essential goal, of design and planning for cultural
growth for whole societies.
Health Poverty Action Indigenous women often face multiple forms of
discrimination . This target should be disaggregated
by ethnicity
Health Priorities in Post-2015 Modify indicator:
Taskforce Number of countries with legal frameworks that
promote gender equality and non-discrimination
against all women and girls, by adding: Proportion of
countries that have undertaken systematic reviews
and reforms of their national legislation to revoke all
gender-discriminatory legislation by 2020
High-Level Task Force for the ICPD - The Suggested Indicator on legal frameworks
that promote equality/non-discrimination is fully
supported. Given the critical importance and broad
scope of this target, a second global indicator may
be reasonably considered. One possibility, as a
complement to the lead indicator is: Proportion of
countries that have undertaken systematic reviews
and reforms of their national legislation to revoke all
gender-discriminatory legislation by 2020. This
indicator responds to the Beijing+5 (2000) unfulfilled
commitment to ‘revoke all gender discriminatory
legislation by 2005’, and links to targets 10.3 and
16.b. ‘By 2020’ or earlier/more immediate target date
than 2030 is warranted under international human
rights principles and law. Sources: National
legislative records; complementary information
would also be available from specialized UN bodies
and other stakeholder sources.
Human Dignity Foundation
IDDC
Institute for Reproductive and Exactly we have to do it and I thnk that civil society
Family Health are the best organizations to solve problems
Internaitonal Council of AIDS
Service Organizations
=>
d) MDG indicator for target 3A.
f) Measures gender bias in mortality due to sex
selective abortions, female infanticide or insufficient
care given to baby girls (Source: SIGI).
g) Measures gender bias in fertility preferences
using the share of males
as the last child (Source: SIGI).
Kimse Yok Mu
Land Alliance, Inc.
Landesa
MADE
Maestral International
Orchid Project
Organisation Mondiale de
l'Education Prescolaire (OMEP) UK
Oxfam
Sierra Club
Sightsavers
Signatory organizations: United 5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place
Nations Foundation, Plan to promote equality and non-discrimination on the
International, Girl Effect, CARE, basis of sex in line with international human rights
International Women's Health and normative standards
Coalition, Girls Not Brides, World This includes but is not limited to: nationality and
Association of Girl Guides and Girl citizenship, marital status, age, inheritance and
Scouts, European Parliamentary property rights, equal ages of marriage of 18 for
Forum, International Center for both boys and girls with or without parental consent,
Research on Women, Advocates equality in marriage and divorce, equal pay for equal
for Youth, FHI360, Equality Now, work, restrictions on work, criminalization of
Mercy Corps, Let Girls Lead, domestic violence, criminalization of FGM, gender
International Rescue Committee quotas for local and national governments, and
whether the constitution provides for equality on the
basis of sex with no exceptions for religious, ethnic,
or other status
Comments:
1. Develop a definition of physical/sexual violence.
The culture of a society has a strong impact on what
women think their rights are. In many countries
women are happy to be given just a little; in other
countries this little amount would be defined as
deprivation.
2. Develop a definition of discrimination.
3. Do not wait to work on this goal. Age
discrimination and violence of older women is on the
increase.
Tebtebba
Transparency International In tracking this target, it would be critical to look at
how corruption impacts its achievement. The
relevant target and indicator should be drawn from
target 16.5 given the strong and proven inter-
linkages between corruption, governance and
gender equality. For example, bribery is inversely
correlated with girls enrolling in secondary school.
Bribery completely negates the effect of economic
growth in ensuring higher numbers of girls in
secondary education. We also know from empirical
work that corruption hits women and girls the
hardest.
-
https://www.transparency.org/files/content/feature/20
14_MDGs_Statistical_Annex.pdf
-
http://www.transparency.org/images/uploads/feature/
MDG_infographic_hi-res.jpg
UCLG
University of Manitoba
University of Southampton
Water Supply and Sanitation Women and girls menstruate every month between
Collaborative Council (WSSCC) the ages of 9 and 45 on average thereby ensuring
the continuity of the human race. This biological
phenomenon is shrouded in silence and as a result
women and girls are denied information and basic
water, sanitation and hygiene to manage their
monthly flows with dignity and safety. Infrastructure
in public spaces such as schools, colleges,
workplaces, markets and transport hubs ignores this
basic biological phenomenon that affects more than
3 billion women across their life course. Failure to
clearly articulate this life fact and respond to
women’s biological needs is to continue this age old
discrimination, violating women’s human rights.
A specific indicator on menstrual hygiene
management would address this discrimination that
prevents girls and women from embracing their
natural life course with dignity and from reaching
their full human potential.
WaterAid
Womankind Worldwide
Women for Expo this goal is too general in its formulation and not
easy measurable. A more realistic target is
encouraged. What about cultural variations in the
way a violation on women is perceived?
Women for Women's Human Rights 5.1.1 Elimination of discriminatory legal frameworks /
- New Ways policies that discriminate against women and girls,
as identified by the CEDAW Committee and the
HRC (specific dimensions to be monitored include
age of marriage, inheritance, property rights,
nationality, citizenship, restrictions on work)
WWF
YouAct We agree on the suggested indicator. We also
suggest an additional indicator measuring the
number of countries with legal frameworks that
promote gender equality and non-discrimination
against all women and girls, in both public and
private spheres. This would measure the legal
foundations of governments that repsect and protect
human rights of women. We could also include the
percentage of girls currently in and out of school per
country (at different age ranges). This measure
would indicate governmental efforts in ensuring a
legal framework in specific countries regarding
gender equality in the education system.
Target 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence
against all women and girls in the public and Target 5.3: Eliminate all harmful practices, such
private spheres, including trafficking and sexual as child, early and forced marriage and female
and other types of exploitation genital mutilation
We recommend this indicator be disaggregated by
disability.
Expert Group’s recommendations needs a broader Expert Group’s recommendations needs a broader
focus with respect to areas measured by the focus with respect to areas measured by the
proposed indicator. Eg. percentage of referred cases proposed indicator. Aspects to consider are legal
of sexual and gender-based violence against minimum marriageable age, domestic laws
women and children that are investigated and prohibiting female genital mutilation, proportion of
sentenced, Time frame and coverage of a national public social expenditure on campaigns to sensitize
policy to combat trafficking within and over national people on violence against women, reported cases
borders, date of entry into force of domestic laws of genital mutilation, rape and other violence
prohibiting all forms of violence against women, restricting women’s sexual and reproductive
including domestic violence. freedom/violence against women responded to
effectively by the government.
1. The comprehensive law to link local governance 1. Uniformity across diverse legislations, policies
mechanisms, and educational departments in and provisions on the age of the child being till 18
curbing child marriage. years.
2. Percentage of reported cases of sexual abuse 2. Presence of a comprehensive laws and policies
to increase by 50%. at national level to counter practices of child
3. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases marriage and due machinery for effective
in instances of sexual abuse to increase by 80%. implementation of the same with necessary
4. Percentage of reported cases of domestic measures to curb impunity.
violence to increase by 50%. 3. Percentage of reported cases of child marriage
5. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases to increase by 50%.
in instances of domestic violence to increase by 4. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases
80%. in instances of child marriage to increase by 80%.
6. Percentage of reported cases of sexual
harassment at workplace to increase by 50%.
7. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases
in instances of sexual harassment at work place to
increase by 80%.
8. Percentage of reported cases of forced
trafficking increase by 50% and percentage of
released trafficked girls increase by 50%
9. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases
in instances of sexual harassment at work place to
increase by 80%.
We agree with both suggested indicators, and we agree to the suggested indicators, and suggest
suggest to add, at the end of both the indicators: “by to add text to both indicators. To the indicator
age groups, income, location, ethnicity and other “Percentage of women ages 20-24 who were
characteristics”. We strongly recommend this married or in a union before age 18” there´s a need
additional. The expanded data collection efforts to to add“and before age 15, by location,
capture violence against women and girls of all ages income,race,ethnicity and educational level” at the
and from key population groups is necessary to end of the indicator.The proposal to disaggregate
comprehensively track this target, including data also ‘before age 15’ is relevant to inform policy-
women living with HIV, with disabilities, making:younger girls are especially at risk of forced
indigenous and migrant women, among others who marriage,with particularly serious consequences
face heightened risks, building on leading country for their health, education, development and
experiences available. (example of disaggregated even survival. And to the indicator “Percentage of
data here http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra- girls ages 15-19 (changed from 49) who have
2014-vaw-survey-main-results-apr14_en.pdf , pages undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age
184-190 ) It is of highest importance to fill data gaps of undergoing the practice (0-5, 6-9, 10-14, 15-19)”
for 10-14 year olds who are currently largely we see the need to add “location, income and
excluded from data collection despite their high risks ethnicity” at the end of the indicator. A focus on the
of gender-based violence, contributing to inadequate youngest age range would serve as a more
policy attention to these groups. (Guidelines for meaningful measure of trends for policy-makers.
Producing Statistics on Violence against Women-
Statistical Surveys:
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/docs/Guidelines_
Statistics_VAW.pdf)
To achieve the transformative intent of the SDGs, We recognize the existence of an already well-
countries must tackle inequitable attitudes and established indicator on child marriage measuring
social norms that drive violence and discrimination percentage of girls and women aged 20-24 who
against women. The inclusion of measures of were married at age 18. However we believe that
change in such attitudes and norms is key to focusing on age at marriage as the sole indicator for
tracking progress on this target. We would propose child marriage risks missing the underlying drivers of
the inclusion of indicators used by DHS and other the practice, including restrictive gender norms,
surveys measuring the proportion of people who economic vulnerability, and structural inequality.
believe that a man is justified in hitting or beating his Progress on child marriage requires a focus on a
wife under specific circumstances. However, we comprehensive set of issues that determine girls’ life
would also note that such questions in DHS surveys options, including sexual and reproductive choice,
are more tailored towards capturing individual educational access and livelihood options, as well
attitudes and behaviors, as distinct from social as contextual issues that are not commonly tracked
norms or expectations i.e. people’s perceptions of in national surveys, such as consent to marriage,
what is acceptable/normal behavior in their social/cultural norms and aspirations for girls. We
communities. Measuring social norm change is a call for more data collection on these issues, e.g. by
critical but emerging area of work, with various tracking proportion of girls or women who say that
initiatives currently being piloted by UNICEF, CARE they wanted to get married at the time that they
and others to develop relevant methods and were married, parental preferences for educating
indicators. We therefore strongly recommend that girls versus boys and money or goods exchanged
the SDG indicator framework maintain some scope during marriage transactions.
for updating indicators as global and national
capacity for capturing data on social norms grows.
Preferred indicator: Proportion of ever-partnered Preferred indicator: Percentage of women aged 20-
women and girls (aged 15+) subjected to physical 24 who were married or in a union before age 18
and/or sexual violence by a current or former (i.e. child marriage); AND Percentage of girls and
intimate partner, in the last 12 months; women aged 15-49 years who have undergone
FGM/C, by age group.
and Proportion of women and girls subjected to
sexual violence by persons other than an intimate Comment: We support this indicator but do not see
partner, since age 15. the need to add ‘for relevant countries only’.
It is a weakness that the proposed indicators do not The proposed indicator is somewhat weakened by
capture violence against women beyond the age the focus on the particular age group (FGM may
group 15-49 years also happen at a much younger age, thereby
making the reporting and response time
The indicators do not capture the aspects of unnecessarily long) and should be reported and
trafficking and other types of exploitation addressed addressed wherever it happens and not only in
in the target particular countries.
We welcome the two indicators proposed under We welcome the two proposed indicators under
target 5.2 and stress the importance of maintaining target 5.3, however we would like to suggest to add
both indicators. However, to track changes in the “and before age 15” to 5.3.1 which would then read
underpinning social norms that lead to violence “Percentage of women aged 20-24 who were
against women and girls, and to ensure that the married or in a union before age 18 and before age
post-2015 framework is achieving the transformative 15”. This is relevant given that younger girls are
social change that it has set out to, we recommend especially at risk of forced marriage, while older
adding a behaviour indicator: ‘Percentage of people adolescents may enter marriage and/or unions
who think it is never justifiable for a man to voluntarily in accordance with their evolving
physically and/or sexually abuse his intimate female capacities and maturity level. Disaggregation for
partner, by sex, by age’ (collected by DHS, WHO those ‘under 15’ requires no extra effort, as data is
multi-country studies). available from existing survey questions (eg. DHS
and MICS) that ask at ‘what age’ the marriage
occurred. We suggest deleting “for relevant
countries only” in 5.3.2, as girls and women living in
countries of low prevalence may be subject to FGM
due to immigration from practicing countries. The
European Commission estimates that hundreds of
thousands of women in Europe have been subjected
to FGM; thousands of girls are at risk; it is a global
phenomenon.
[NM: Tearfund UK] IPV is one of the most common [NM: Tearfund UK] Indicators on criminalizing such
and most frequent forms of violence experienced by practices? Also in-terms of engaging with religious
women and girls, then there must be stricter laws to leaders in terms of addressing these harmful
address violence within relationships. Also this practices. Commitment from member states to
excludes women above 49 who are still vulnerable strengthening local administration to prevent early
and also victims of IPV/and non-partner violence. child marriage.
What will be the mechanism to capture that for both
these indicators? There are many countries that
don’t recognize marital rape or have any domestic
violence laws, this must be on the agenda. Sexual
Harassment policies, esp. in public spaces are sth.
that member states can make commitments to.
Stronger and more consistent laws, legal
procedures to support survivors in the process and
follow through for prosecution of perpetrators. Most
countries lack trafficking laws, prevention
mechanisms & have a narrow definition of
trafficking. Also importantly this indicator misses the
critical aspect of violence experienced by
women/girls in conflict settings, use of rape/SV as a
weapon of warfare.
WE APPLAUD the proposed inclusion of
‘Percentage of women aged 20-24 who were
married or in a union before age 18’ as a global
indicator for monitoring Target 5.3. CEFM and
FGM/C share many of the same social drivers. In
many communities, FGM/C is the precursor to child
marriage, and as such needs to be equally targeted
for sustained reduction of CEFM.
A GLOBAL INDICATOR ON FGM/C is a vital
component of measuring change in terms of gender
equality, as outlined in Goal 5. We call for the
indicator: “Percentage of girls and women aged 15-
49 years who have undergone FGM/C” to be
included as a global indicator under Target 5.3,
alongside the CEFM indicator, to provide a
comprehensive framework for addressing both
issues.
We welcome the two indicators proposed under We welcome the two proposed indicators under
target 5.2. We stress the importance of maintaining target 5.3, however we would like to suggest the
both indicators. However, to track changes in the following addition under the first one:
underpinning social norms that lead to violence ● Percentage of women aged 20-24 who were
against women and girls, and to ensure that the married or in a union before age 18 ADD: and before
post-2015 framework is achieving the transformative age 15.
social change that it has set out to, we recommend This proposal is relevant given that younger girls are
adding a behavior indicator: especially at risk of forced marriage, when older
● Percentage of people who think it is never adolescent may enter marriage voluntarily in
justifiable for a man to physically and/or sexually accordance with their evolving capacities and
abuse his intimate female partner, by sex, by age maturity level. Source of data: Disaggregation for
Source of data: collected by DHS, WHO multi- those ‘under 15’ requires no extra effort, as data is
country studies available from existing survey questions (eg. DHS
and MICS) that ask at ‘what age’ the marriage
occurred.
Disaggregated by disability:
e.g. Percentage of women and girls with disabilities
subjected to physical and/or sexual violence
Recommend: Recommend:
Percentage of all women and girls subjected to 5.3.1 % of women and girls married or in a union
physical, psychological, sexual and economic before age 18 and before age 15, disaggregated by
violence by a (i) current or former intimate partner, age, sex, geography, education level, income,
(ii) other family member, or (iii) persons other than disability, race and ethnicity and other factors
an intimate partner or family member a) ever and b) It is important to involve the girls married before the
within the last 12 months, by age (including 6-14), age of 15, as that bring many other health issues
income, and education level. and rights violations.
Data Source: DHS Data availability for violence
against women has improved significantly in recent 5.3.2 % of girls and women who have undergone
years and over 100 countries currently have data for FGM/C by age group (10-14, 15-18, 19-24)
this indicator. While targets must be set for reducing prevalence
rates of Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting
Violence against women and girls is one of the most (FGM/C) in the long term, in the short term many
pervasive human rights abuses in the world today, contexts may see an increase in prevalence and
happening in all countries. In order to eradicate reporting rates. For instance, prevalence rates may
violence against women and girls it is necessary to increase because better-administered surveys will
measure its prevalence in all its forms. From a be able to capture prevalence rates more accurately
human rights point of view it is important to ensure and reporting rates may increase if women’s
that this indicator measures violence for all age confidence in security, justice and health services
groups. increases. Such an increase would be a sign of
progress. In contrast, both prevalence and reporting
rates may also increase in contexts of conflict or
crisis, and signal the opposite.
Separate goals must all be subject to the one Separate goals must all be subject to the one
essential goal, of design and planning for cultural essential goal, of design and planning for cultural
growth for whole societies. growth for whole societies.
For both suggested indicators disaggregation by For both suggested indicators disaggregation by
ethnicity is possible within household survey DHS ethnicity is possible within household survey DHS
or MICS data sources. or MICS data sources.
- Include women 50+ in both indicators (WHO, - Both Suggested Indicators on child marriage
EU). and FGM are very relevant. Child marriage should
- Formulating 1 indicator if necessary: “% women be modified to capture girls married before 18 AND
who experienced physical and/or sexual violence” before 15, since 1 in 9 girls are married before 15 in
(WHO 2013,p.2); OR, 1st indicator/IPV (most developing countries; and disaggregated by
prevalent form, covering sexual violence). location, income, race, ethnicity, educational level.
- Critically important (or under 16.2, w/boys For FGM, the suggestion is to focus on data
included): % women (15-19,20-24) subjected to collected from girls 15-19 (instead of 15-49), to
sexual violence before age 15 by any persons. 50% capture most relevant trends during the SDGs
of sexual assaults are to girls under 16. Fills critical period (most FGM happens by age 15);
data gap: current proposals are for 15+. The focus disaggregated by age of undergoing the practice (0-
on 15-24 yr. old respondents would track most 5, 6-9, 10-14), location, income, ethnicity.
recent trends (e.g. younger cohorts), meaningful for - Alternative proposal for one indicator: %women
a time-bound agenda, w/policy focus on a high-risk 10-49 who have been subjected to harmful
but neglected group. DHS data. practices, by type of practice, age, location, income
- % people who think it is never justifiable for a and educational level. A more universal indicator,
man to beat his wife: A transformative indicator, may allowing countries to track prevalent forms of
serve as higher-level proxy for gender equality as it harmful practices in their contexts, especially child
addresses the social norms that perpetuate marriage and FGM where applicable. Countries
discrimination/violence; indicative of the could announce in 2016 which forms they will
effectiveness of prevention policies. Recommended commit to under the SDGs.
by WHO/ experts as a lead option for 5.2.
‘Percentage of girls and women aged 15-49 years
who have undergone Female Genital
Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)’ to be included as a
global indicator alongside ‘Percentage of women
aged 20-24 who were married or in a union before
age 18’. CEFM and FGM/C share many of the same
social drivers and need to be equally targeted.
A GLOBAL indicator on FGM/C is a vital component
of measuring change in terms of gender equality, as
outlined in Goal 5.
We welcome the two indicators proposed under We welcome the two proposed indicators under
target 5.2 and stress the importance of maintaining target 5.3, however we would like to suggest to add
both indicators. However, to track changes in the “and before age 15” to 5.3.1 which would then read
underpinning social norms that lead to violence “Percentage of women aged 20-24 who were
against women and girls, and to ensure that the married or in a union before age 18 and before age
post-2015 framework is achieving the transformative 15”. This is relevant given that younger girls are
social change that it has set out to, we recommend especially at risk of forced marriage, while older
adding a behaviour indicator: ‘Percentage of people adolescents may enter marriage and/or unions
who think it is never justifiable for a man to voluntarily in accordance with their evolving
physically and/or sexually abuse his intimate female capacities and maturity level. Disaggregation for
partner, by sex, by age’ (collected by DHS, WHO those ‘under 15’ requires no extra effort, as data is
multi-country studies). available from existing survey questions (eg. DHS
and MICS) that ask at ‘what age’ the marriage
occurred. We suggest deleting “for relevant
countries only” in 5.3.2, as girls and women living in
countries of low prevalence may be subject to FGM
due to immigration from practicing countries. The
European Commission estimates that hundreds of
thousands of women in Europe have been subjected
to FGM; thousands of girls are at risk; it is a global
phenomenon.
We welcome the two indicators proposed under We welcome the two proposed indicators under
target 5.2 and stress the importance of maintaining target 5.3, however we would like to suggest to add
both indicators. However, to track changes in the “and before age 15” to 5.3.1 which would then read
underpinning social norms that lead to violence “Percentage of women aged 20-24 who were
against women and girls, and to ensure that the married or in a union before age 18 and before age
post-2015 framework is achieving the transformative 15”. This is relevant given that younger girls are
social change that it has set out to, we recommend especially at risk of forced marriage, while older
adding a behaviour indicator: ‘Percentage of people adolescents may enter marriage and/or unions
who think it is never justifiable for a man to voluntarily in accordance with their evolving
physically and/or sexually abuse his intimate female capacities and maturity level. Disaggregation for
partner, by sex, by age’ (collected by DHS, WHO those ‘under 15’ requires no extra effort, as data is
multi-country studies). available from existing survey questions (eg. DHS
and MICS) that ask at ‘what age’ the marriage
occurred. We suggest deleting “for relevant
countries only” in 5.3.2, as girls and women living in
countries of low prevalence may be subject to FGM
due to immigration from practicing countries. The
European Commission estimates that hundreds of
thousands of women in Europe have been subjected
to FGM; thousands of girls are at risk; it is a global
phenomenon.
No comments No comments
Not enough space here for our comments. See the
above mentioned Finnish NGO Task Force's
Position Paper on Post-2015 Agenda, including
indicators, page 24:
http://www.kepa.fi/tiedostot/post-2015_ngo-task-
forces-position-paper_web.pdf
We support the following suggested indicators:
• Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls
(aged 15-49), including migrant women, regardless
of status, subjected to physical and/or sexual
violence by a current or former intimate partner, in
the last 12 months.
• Proportion of women and girls (aged 15-49),
including migrant women, regardless of status,
subjected to sexual violence by persons other than
an intimate partner, since age 15.
We are concerned the human trafficking indicator
does not have universal coverage (5.2/16.2/10.7):
• Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000
people, by sex, age and form of exploitation - data
limited to 130 TIP countries
The inter-generational cycle of violence, including "All" harmful practices are not just towards girls.
violence against women and girls, can only be Consider "Eliminate harmful practices towards girls
addressed if violence against boys is reduced. The such as child, early and forced marriage and FGM."
prevalence of violence against boys in many recent
CDC and UNICEF Violence Against Children
surveys is very high, if less than girls. Strongly
suggest moving 5.2 out of Topic 5 and into Topic 16
and covering both girls and boys. You can still keep
the target on violence against women, including
trafficking and exploitation "Eliminate trafficking,
sexual abuse and other forms of exploitation of
women by 2030." ... with violence covered under
the more universal umbrella proposed.
Assessment of Inclusivity of indicator 5.2.1 and
5.2.2: Given the higher exposure to violence of
women and girls with disabilities, and the unique
forms of violence and exploitation experienced by
this particular group of women, we would
recommend to disaggregate the indicator by
disability.
Indicators are fine but we question the age group. Indicator 5.3.2 we have to comment on the age
What about those less than 15y and over 49. group. What about the girls born during this period
upto 2030. We suggest an indicator to target by
2030 prevalence rate of zero in the youngest age
group.
5.2.1 Percentage of all women and girls subjected to 5.3.1 Percentage of women and girls who were
physical, psychological, sexual and economic married or in a union before age 18 and before age
violence by a (i) current or former intimate partner, 15 (i.e. child marriage), disaggregated by age, sex,
(ii) other family member, or (iii) persons other than geography, education level, income, disability, race
an intimate partner or family member a) ever and b) and ethnicity, and other factors
within the last 12 months, by age (including 6-14),
income, and education level. Data Source: The prevalence of child marriage is a
well-defined and measurable indicator of multiple
Data Source: DHS Data availability for violence development priorities that can be reliably tracked
against women has improved significantly in recent over time across a large number of countries. It is
years and over 100 countries currently have data for already being tracked through national surveys
this indicator. undertaken at regular intervals in most developing
Violence against women and girls is one of the most countries (data routinely collected through DHS and
pervasive human rights abuses in the world today, Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys (MICS) and
happening in all countries. In order to eradicate routinely compiled and published by UNICEF).
violence against women and girls it is necessary to
measure its prevalence in all its forms. From a The indicator captures one of the most important life
human rights point of view it is important to ensure transitions for a girl. It signifies immediate and long
that this indicator measures violence for all age term disempowerment, violation of rights, and is
groups. symptomatic of an entrenched harmful social norm.
It is important to involve the girls married before the
age of 15, as that bring many other health issues
and rights violations.
1. Presence of a comprehensive laws and policies 1. Uniformity across diverse legislations, policies
at national level to counter practices of child sexual and provisions on the age of the child being till 18
abuse and due machinery for effective years.
implementation of the same with necessary 2. Presence of a comprehensive laws and policies
measures to curb impunity. at national level to counter practices of child
2. Percentage of reported cases of child sexual marriage and due machinery for effective
abuse to increase by 50%. implementation of the same with necessary
3. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases measures to curb impunity.
in instances of child sexual abuse to increase by 3. Percentage of reported cases of child marriage
80%. to increase by 50%.
4. The comprehensive law to link local governance 4. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases
agencies/ mechanisms, and educational in instances of child marriage to increase by 80%.
departments in countering the practice of child
marriage.
5. Percentage of reported cases of sexual abuse
to increase by 50%.
6. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases
in instances of sexual abuse to increase by 80%.
7. Percentage of reported cases of domestic
violence to increase by 50%.
8. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases
in instances of domestic violence to increase by
80%.
9. Percentage of reported cases of sexual
harassment at workplace to increase by 50%.
10. Percentage of conviction rate of reported cases
in instances of sexual harassment at work place to
increase by 80%.
Eliminate all forms of violence against all women
and girls especially those with disabilities, in the
public and private spheres, including trafficking and
sexual and other types of exploitation
PAI supports the two proposed indicators PAI supports the proposed indicator 5.3.1, however,
5.2.1:Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls would like to suggest adding “and before age 15”. It
(aged 15-49) subjected to physical and/or sexual is important to track girls who are married or in a
violence by a current or former intimate partner, in union both before 18 and before 15. Girls under the
the last 12 months; and 5.2.2: proportion of women age of 15 are especially at risk for forced marriage
and girls (aged 15-49) subjected to sexual violence and are at a higher risk of complications in childbirth.
by persons other than an intimate partner, since age
15.
We welcome the two indicators proposed under We welcome the two proposed indicators under
target 5.2. We stress the importance of target 5.3, however we would like to suggest the
following addition under the first one:
maintaining both indicators. However, to track
changes in the underpinning social norms that lead ● Percentage of women aged 20-24 who were
to violence against women and girls, and to ensure married or in a union before age 18 ADD:
that the post-2015 framework is achieving the
transformative social change that it has set out to, and before age 15.
we recommend adding a behavior indicator:
This proposal is relevant given that younger girls are
● Percentage of people who think it is never especially at risk of forced marriage, when older
justifiable for a man to physically and/or sexually adolescent may enter marriage voluntarily in
abuse his intimate female partner, by sex, by age accordance with their evolving capacities and
Source of data: collected by DHS, WHO multi- maturity level. Source of data: Disaggregation for
country studies those ‘under 15’ requires no extra effort, as data is
available from existing survey questions (eg. DHS
and MICS) that ask at ‘what age’ the marriage
occurred.
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih Excellent, but it must complemented wtih
supervision and fullfilment policies to examine the supervision and fullfilment policies to examine the
work of states. work of states.
We welcome the two indicators proposed under We welcome the two proposed indicators under
target 5.2 and stress the importance of maintaining target 5.3, however we would like to suggest to add
both indicators. However, to track changes in the “and before age 15” to 5.3.1 which would then read
underpinning social norms that lead to violence “Percentage of women aged 20-24 who were
against women and girls, and to ensure that the married or in a union before age 18 and before age
post-2015 framework is achieving the transformative 15”. This is relevant given that younger girls are
social change that it has set out to, we recommend especially at risk of forced marriage, while older
adding a behaviour indicator: ‘Percentage of people adolescents may enter marriage and/or unions
who think it is never justifiable for a man to voluntarily in accordance with their evolving
physically and/or sexually abuse his intimate female capacities and maturity level. Disaggregation for
partner, by sex, by age’ (collected by DHS, WHO those ‘under 15’ requires no extra effort, as data is
multi-country studies). available from existing survey questions (eg. DHS
and MICS) that ask at ‘what age’ the marriage
occurred. We suggest deleting “for relevant
countries only” in 5.3.2, as girls and women living in
countries of low prevalence may be subject to FGM
due to immigration from practicing countries. The
European Commission estimates that hundreds of
thousands of women in Europe have been subjected
to FGM; thousands of girls are at risk; it is a global
phenomenon
An interlinkage should be drawn with target 6.2
given the correlation between inadequate sanitation
and violence against women.
We welcome the two indicators proposed under
target 5.2 and stress the importance of maintaining
both indicators. However, to track changes in the
underpinning social norms that lead to violence
against women and girls, and to ensure that the
post-2015 framework is achieving the transformative
social change that it has set out to, we recommend
adding a behaviour indicator:
- ‘Percentage of people who think it is never
justifiable for a man to physically and/or sexually
abuse his intimate female partner, by sex, by age’
(collected by DHS, WHO multi-country studies).
you should be more precise in defyning the kind of why you do not mention child labour related to girls
exploitation you wish to target and any other way the girls are exploited and given
less chances to empower themselves (less access
to good quality food, education, mobility)
"5.2.3 Percentage of all women and girls, including 5.3.1 Percentage of women aged 10-14, 15-18 and
girls of age 6 - 14, subjected to physical, 18-24 who were married or in a union before age 18
psychological, sexual and economic violence by a (i) and before age 15 (i.e. child and early marriage)
current or former intimate partner, (ii) other family disaggregated by age, sex, geography, education
member, or (iii) persons other than an intimate level, income, disability, race and ethnicity, and other
partner or family member within the last 12 months. factors
"
Rationale: Girls aged 6 - 14 are also in grave danger
of systematic VAW and should be included in this
indicator
Nothing in the proposed indicators measures the The indicators for this target shouldn't be limited to
provision of public services/infrastructure referred to measuring women's participation in national and
in the target. The indicators should measure local government, but should extend to all levels of
effectiveness of mechanisms to recognise and public governance, including informal and
redistribute unpaid care work, including public community-based governance.
services for reconciling professional and family roles
for women and men, such as provision of daycare
centres for children; paid parental leave; sick leave;
and other social services. We propose measuring:
Percentage of children and other dependents with
access to publicly funded or employer funded care;
and
Percentage of government budget dedicated to care
services.
4. Progress made in sharing of unpaid work This wider concept of unpaid work will have to be
between men and women in the household. reflected in the indicators of SDG 5.4. This could be
termed as SDG 5.3
Preferred indicator: Average weekly hours spent on Preferred indicator: Proportion of seats held by
unpaid domestic and care work, paid work, sleeping women in local governments and national
and eating, and other forms of self-care, by sex, parliaments disaggregated by socio-economic
age, number of children in household, and location status, and the proportion of those seats held at a
(for individuals five years and above). leadership, ministerial or cabinet level.
Comment: We support this indicator with some Comment: We would like to see this supplemented
addition so that you can see the full composition of by a qualitative indicator such as: Female politicians’
time-use. perceptions of the impact that they have on decision
making, by level of government OR an indicator to
measure perceptions towards women as leaders in
political and public life. An indicator measuring
decision-making at the household level may also be
a better way of measuring changes in social norms
over time.
The proposed indicators do not capture the aspects The proposed indicators do not capture the aspect
of property, financial services, inheritance and of participation and opportunities in economic life, as
natural resources, as reflected in the target reflected in the target
5.4.1 Existence of mechanisms to value, reduce and 5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in political
redistribute unpaid care work. decision-making positions, disaggregated and
reported for three levels: women in ministerial
5.4.2 Average weekly hours spent on unpaid positions, national parliament and local government
domestic and care work, by task (water, energy, and municipalities.
food, childcare, cleaning) and by sex, age and
location 5.5.2 Women's share of public and private high-level
civil and managerial positions.
5.4.3 Proportion of households within 15 minutes of
clean fuel and clean water. (alternative: Proportion
of women-headed households with access to basic
services (housing, water, energy, health and
education)
Proportion of representation in state, local, and
customary institutions (legislature, government,
military, and judiciary) compared to national
distribution
[NM: Tearfund UK] An indicator on engaging men [NM: Tearfund UK] This needs to be cascaded to
and boys in unpaid care and domestic work needs local communities, government administrative
to be explicitly stated, tracked and evaluated. bodies. Entry point for women in political
Integration of this into national plans in respective participation usually begins at community level.
ministries such as gender/women’s empowerment Maybe also it will be good to push for commitment
etc is critical. Indicator on the economic, social, on increasing women’s leadership in religious
physical cost of unpaid domestic and care work by institutions? Will be good to also track proportion of
women when not shared will be great. women’s seats in parliament vs resource allocated
to their respective bodies. An indicator on proportion
Therefore we propose the following indicator: of women’s participation in economic life, chambers,
Average daily (24 hours) spent on unpaid domestic financial institutions etc? Likewise for public spaces?
and care work, by sex, age, vocation and
location (for individuals five years and above). Therefore we propose the following indicators:
Proportion of seats held by women in national
parliaments; Proportion of seats held by women in
local governments and divisional administrative
bodies.
Suggested Indicators 5.4.1 (unpaid doemstic and
care hours) and 5.4.2 (water collecting time) will not
collect unpaid work data in the context of total work
hours, paid work and travel time, self-care time, or
household unpaid work needs.
Need to be simplified and specified. This target to be carefully written taking into
consideration the need of participation of women
from the backward classes of the countries like India
where untouchability and other social stigmas exist.
a) Average weekly numbers of hours spent on a) Laws and policies on equal participation of
unpaid domestic work, disaggregated by sex. women in public life, including national government
b) Proportion of children under primary school age and local public decision making bodies.
enrolled in organized childcare. b) Presence of gender quotas for parliament.
c) Percentage of women who have a say in c) Women’s representation in public office and
household decision regarding large purchases. services, including
d) Percentage of women who have a say in i. Women’s share of government ministerial
household decisions regarding visiting relatives. positions.
e) Percentage of people who think important ii. Proportion of seats held by women in national
decisions in the household should be made by both parliament.
men and women, by sex. iii. Proportion of seats held by women in local
f) Whether women and men have the same right to governments.
be the legal guardian of a child during marriage. iv. Share of female police officers including at senior
(Source: SIGI) level.
g) Average weekly time spent in water collection v. Share of female judges.
(including waiting time at public supply points), by vi. Share of female civil servants at national and
sex. local government level.
vii. Proportion of women in decision-making roles in
relevant regional organizations involved in
preventing conflict.
d) Women’s share of managerial positions in both
state and non-state actors.
e) Proportion of media professionals who are
women.
f) Share of female science, engineering,
manufacturing and construction graduates at tertiary
level.
Given that the purpose of the target is to achieve
gender equality in the labour market by recognising,
valuing and reducing unpaid care work, through
provision of public services, social protection policies
and household responsibility. It is therefore
worthwhile to assess the following:
Ratification and implementation of the ILO
Convention No. 183 on maternity protection, No.
156 on workers with family responsibilities and No.
189 on domestic workers and compliance in law and
practice
Assessment of Inclusivity of indicator 5.4.3: We Suggested for indicators of target 5.5: All indicators
would recommend to add accessible and safe water should be disaggregated by disability to assess the
source within 15 minutes walk. For instance, 15 level of participation of women and girls with
minutes walk for certain women with disabilities, or disabilities in the public and political life.
older women, can represent a much longer walk
distance than for their non-disabled peers. Suggested indicator 5.5.1.: Proportion of seats held
by women in local governments regardless of age,
Suggested indicator 5.4.3: Proportion of households sex, disability, geographical location or any other
within 15 minutes of nearest, safe and accessible minority status.
water source
NOTES: This indicator addresses the unequal Additional disaggregation: level of representation
division of labor in the household, which has
profound implications for women and girls in terms DATA SOURCE: IPU, censuses, government
of their daily lives and options, and their status in records
society. Unpaid care work takes up large amounts of
women's and girls' time, restricting participation in GLOBAL MONITORING ENTITY: IPU, UN Women
educational, economic and social activities, and also
in public life. In many developing countries, school- TIER: Tier I
age girls spend more time on domestic labor or
household work than school-age boys. Analysis NOTES: Having a voice and participating in the
shows that school attendance declines as the processes and decisions that determine their lives is
number of hours spent on household chores an essential aspect of women’s and girls’ freedoms.
increases – and declines more steeply for girls than
for boys.
Preferred indicator: Percentage of women and girls Preferred indicator: Share of women among
who make decisions about their own sexual and agricultural land owners by age and location (U/R);
reproductive health and reproductive rights by age, and The legal framework includes special measures
location, income, disability and other characteristics to guarantee women's equal rights to land
relevant to each country. ownership and control.
Comment: We would like to see this supplemented Comment: We support the suggested indicators but
by an indicator focused on legislation and policy would also note that in order to satisfy the full
such as: Existence of laws and regulations that definition of economic resources, there should also
guarantee all women and adolescents informed be an additional focus on income either here or
choices regarding their sexual and reproductive under goal 1: Total income by household and
health and reproductive rights regardless of marital individual by quintile, with individual disaggregation
status. of it by sex and age group, household members and
children, and composition of income.
Separate goals must all be subject to the one Separate goals must all be subject to the one
essential goal, of design and planning for cultural essential goal, of design and planning for cultural
growth for whole societies. growth for whole societies.
Suggested indicator 1 "Proportion of women (aged Suggested indicator 1 "Share of women among
15-49) who make their own sexual and reproductive agricultural land owners by age and location (U/R)"
decisions." Disaggregation by ethnicity is possible It is well known that indigenous peoples face
within household survey DHS or MICS data sources. particular issues in terms of access to land.
The IAEG must explore ways to disaggregate this
Suggested indicator 2 "Proportion (%) of countries indicator by ethnicity.
with laws and regulations that guarantee all women
and adolescents access to sexual and reproductive Suggested indicator 2 "The legal framework includes
health services, information and education (official special measures to guarantee women's equal rights
records)" to land ownership and control"
Indigenous women and women from cultural and It is well known that indigenous peoples face
ethnic minorities face particular barriers to SRHR particular issues in terms of access to land.The
services. The IAEG must explore ways to IAEG must explore ways to disaggregate this
disaggregate this indicator by ethnicity indicator by ethnicity
• Modify proposed indicator: Proportion of women
(ages 15-49) who make their own sexual and
reproductive decisions by adding: “, by age groups,
location, income, education, marital status and
disability”. This indicator is essential for achieving
gender equality and specifically addresses
reproductive rights.
• Support proposed indicator: Proportion of countries
with laws and regulations that guarantee all women
and adolescents access to sexual and reproductive
health services
• New proposed additional indicator: Existence of a
legal and normative framework that protects the
human rights of individuals to have control over and
decide freely and responsibly on matters related to
sexuality and reproduction, free of discrimination,
coercion and violence. Gets to whether or not SRH
is addressed in legislation.
Recommend: Whether universal access to
contraceptive and SRH information and services is
included in national policy. See also Quality of Care
Including Respect for Rights indicator 3 in this
document. This indicator is similar to a proposed
gender indicator by UNFPA (indicator 5.6.2).
- HLTF for ICPD strongly supports the 2 - HLTF for ICPD supports the 2 Suggested
Suggested Indicators. Women’s ability to exercise Indicators, as women are estimated to hold only
their reproductive rights is central to achieving 15% of land titles though they comprise nearly half
gender equality, and has cross-cutting, multiplier and of the agricultural labour force in developing
inter-generational effects for the new Agenda–for countries. Share of women land owners should be
poverty eradication, education, health, productivity, disaggregated by income, race and ethnicity
female labour force participation, women’s full whenever possible. For the indicator on legal
participation in societies and economies. The frameworks, complementary information should be
indicator on SRH decisions should be disaggregated considered to assess enforcement, as well as data
by age, location, income, marital status and collection efforts to capture to what extent specific
disability. The indicator tracking laws to guarantee groups of women, including indigenous women and
women and adolescents access to SRH services is widows, perceive their rights are being protected.
critical to measure whether normative frameworks
address leading barriers to the exercise of
reproductive rights: provisions explicitly protecting
the right to access SRH information, education and
services w/o third party authorization from spouses,
guardians, parents or others; without restrictions as
to age and marital status; and that enable access by
adolescents.
In order to ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health and reproductive rights, girls and
women with disabilities have to be included in all
actions fostering informed choice by women when it
comes to their own sexual health and reproductive
rights. This topic is especially important given it is at
the confluence of issues of rights, health, and
education, exposing girls and women with
disabilities to more risks of discrimination. We would
welcome the proposed disaggregation of this target
by disability in Indicator 5.6.1., while maintaining that
this disaggregation should be present everywhere
possible.
I agree with it and now our orgnization are Exactly we have to do it but it denpends on the law
implementing and goverment policies. It is problem of governor of
goverment at all level
"5.6.1 Proportion of women who make their own
sexual and reproductive health decisions:
1.Whether the woman can say no to her
husband/partner if she does not want to have sexual
intercourse (DHS q. 1054)
2. Whether using contraception or not using
contraception has been the woman’s decision (DHS
phase 7 q. 819 and 820)
3. Whether the woman can make a decision about
sexual and reproductive healthcare for herself (DHS
q.922)"
This indicator is relevant to HIV because of the role
of sex in transmission and for the role of condoms in
HIV prevention. This indicator focuses on the key
rights-based measure of autonomy in decision-
making about women's sexual and reproductive
lives. There could be more discussion about whether
these are the right questions and there are
other DHS questions that may also be relevant. For
example, Whether a woman can ask her partner to
use a condom during sexual intercourse.
When two global consensus events (ICPD in 1994 "Undertake" is not a very proactive term. Why not,
and the Beijing Platform in 1995) that took place 20 "Achieve legal reforms to enhance women's rights to
years ago do not yet ensure universal access to economic resources..."
SRH and RR, one has to question whether they
deserve their own target. This goal is subsumed in
3.7.
This already reflected in the health related targets. This has already mentioned in earlier targets. May
be removed.
Not enough space here for our comments. See the a) Existence of national laws ensure equal right of
above mentioned Finnish NGO Task Force's women to own and inherit property, sign a contract,
Position Paper on Post-2015 Agenda, including register a business and open a bank
indicators, page 26: account.
http://www.kepa.fi/tiedostot/post-2015_ngo-task- b) Percentage of population undernourished,
forces-position-paper_web.pdf disaggregated by sex.
c) Percentage of people earning their own income,
disaggregated by sex.
d) Ownership of dwelling, disaggregated by sex.
e) Proportion of adult population owning land,
disaggregated by sex.
f) Proportion of population with access to
institutional credit (other than microfinance),
disaggregated by sex.
g) Old age pension recipient ratio 65+,
disaggregated by sex.
h) Proportion employed in vulnerable employment,
disaggregated by sex.
i) Gender gap in wages.
j) Percentage of low pay workers, disaggregated by
sex.
=>
a) Inheritance of widows / daughters could be
separated and also access to bank account / credit
could be its own indicator (SIGI).
See http://landpost2015.landesa.org/resources/land-
rights-an-essential-global-indicator-for-the-post-
2015-sdgs/ for an indicator that is universal and
feasible.
Suggestion for indicators of target 5.6: We Assessment of Inclusivity of indicator 5.6.a: We
recommend to disaggregate the indicators according recommend to disaggregate this indicator by
to disability to be able to track the violations of their disability as it will help to give evidence to the types
sexual and reproductive rights and how this impacts of discrimination and inequality experienced by
on the lives of this specific group. women and girls with disabilities.
Comment on indicator 5.6.1: We welcome the Suggested indicator 5.6.a:Undertake reforms to give
inclusion of disability given girls and women with women equal rights to economic resources, as well
disabilities are often prevented from making as access to ownership and control over land and
informed decisions or from sex education. other forms of property, financial services,
inheritance and natural resources, in accordance
Assessment of Inclusivity of indicator 5.6.2: We with national laws regardless regardless of age, sex,
recommend to disaggregate this indicator by disability, geographical location or any other minority
disability as it will help to track the steps made by status
governments to upheal legislation which prevent
women and girls with disabilities to make informed
choices.
5.6.2 Proportion of countries with laws and 5.a.2 Percentage of girls, women, men, indigenous
regulations that guarantee all people, including peoples, and local communities (IPLCs) with secure
adolescents access to sexual and reproductive rights to land, property, and natural resources,
health services, information and education (official measured by: a) percentage with legally
records): i) Access to SHR services without third documented or recognized evidence of tenure, and
party authorization/consent (from spouse, partner, b) percentage who perceive their rights are
parent, guardian or others), ii) Access by recognized and protected
adolescents to SRH information, education and
services without restrictions in terms of age and DATA SOURCE: In the short-term, global polls. In
marital status, iii) CSE included in national curricula the medium-term household surveys like the LSMS-
(or percentage of schools that teach CSE) (as a ISA and the Urban Inequities surveys led by the
measure of access to education/information), iv) World Bank and by UN Habitat, respectively.
Abortion legal under broad grounds (at least health,
life endangerment, rape, incest) and protocols are in GLOBAL MONITORING ENTITY: FAO and UN
place for how one can access an abortion Women
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih Excellent, but it must complemented wtih
supervision and fullfilment policies to examine the supervision and fullfilment policies to examine the
work of states. work of states.
We welcome the proposed indicators under target
5.6 which should be retained.
5.6.1 responds to a core element for achieving
gender equality — the exercise of reproductive
rights (RR). It fills a critical gap in data collection.
Women face multiple barriers rooted in gender
discrimination and violence, in making basic
decisions about their health and lives, which is at the
core of the concept of RR. It is fundamental to
disaggregate data on by income quintile, education,
marital status, HIV-status and disability since these
represent barriers to making decisions about SRH.
5.6.2 reflects that legal and regulatory protections
are needed to ensure access to reproductive
information, education and services. The indicator
complements the above on women’s real-lived
experiences and perceptions. One major factor why
universal access to SRH remains elusive for so
many is because basic rights intrinsic to the health
and well-being of women and adolescent girls are
neglected and denied.
The call for reforms can be misleading as in may
countrie law and regulations in favour of women,
already exist. The problem is related to the lack of
implementation of these regulations.
Many women we interviewed insist on the lack of
guidance in driving their economic empowerment.
Having access to credit is not enough and can result
also in a harm for women, if they are not provided
with the right infrastructure to help their idea grow
and get economically viable.
"5.6.1 Proportion of women who make their own 5.a.1 Percentage of women, men, indigenous
sexual and reproductive health decisions: peoples, and local communities (IPLCs) with secure
1.Whether the woman can say no to her rights to land, property, and natural resources,
husband/partner if she does not want to have sexual measured by: a) percentage with legally
intercourse (DHS q. 1054) documented or recognized evidence of tenure, and
2. Whether using contraception or not using b) percentage who perceive their rights are
contraception has been the woman’s decision (DHS recognized and protected
phase 7 q. 819 and 820) Note: (This cross-cutting indicator can also track
3. Whether the woman can make a decision about progress towards targets: 1.4., 2.3., 10.2., 11.1., and
sexual and reproductive healthcare for herself (DHS 15.a.)
q.922)"
No comments No comments
a) Proportion of households with access to mass a) Existence of national laws against discrimination,
media (radio, TV, Internet), by sex. stigma and harassment on the basis of sexuality,
sexual orientation or gender identity and expression
b) Proportion of individuals using mobile/ cellular in employment, education, health care or housing.
telephones, by sex. b) Government’s expenditure on gender equality
(share of the entire budget).
c) Existence of laws prohibiting all forms of violence
against women, including domestic violence.
DATA SOURCE: Already collected by Gallup as part DATA SOURCE: Methodology being developed.
of their Annual World Poll and should be expanded
for the sample size to be nationally representative. GLOBAL MONITORING ENTITY: UN Women takes
lead in monitoring progress on the indicator. Data is
TIER: Tier II available for 35 countries which reported on the
indicator in the first round of monitoring.
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih Excellent, but it must complemented wtih
supervision and fullfilment policies to examine the supervision and fullfilment policies to examine the
work of states. work of states.
Rather than focusing only on technology we suggest Efferts as law are already in place but lack effective
to mention an "enabling environment" that does not implementation.
rely on access to technologies only, but is a more
complicated issue.
5.b.1 Individuals in ICT profession, by type of skill 5.c.1 Number of institutional mechanisms present
and sex. that allow for resources and meaningful participation
5.b.2 Proportion of girls and women with access to of women's and feminist organizations in policy and
science, technology, engineering and mathematics legislation-making
(STEM) education 5.c.2 Existence of gender-responsive budgetary
Rationale: Profession and skills should go together resources across the public sector
Beyond 2015 UK Relevance: The indicator captures the access aims of the
target but not directly the equity target.
CBM UK In order to ensure target is met for all, people with disabilities
must be included in the indicator. We suggest: Percentage of
population using safely managed drinking water services,
disaggregated for persons with/without disabilities
CDP
Centre for Built Environment Sustainable development of water requires waste water
recycling and
the importance of disposal of water for multipurpose benefits
should be
included in the management
Alternate method to provide safe drinking water should be
explored.
Dutch Coalition on Disability and Based on studies in a range of countries, the World Report on
Development www.dcdd.nl Disability concluded that households having a member with a
disability are more likely to lack access to safe water and
sanitation (World Report on Disability, World Bank/WHO,
2011).
The target aiming at universal and equitable access to safe
and affordable drinking water should be disaggregated by
disability in order to make sure that one fifth of the population
is not only able to have enough water to drink and live, but is
also able to use water that won’t incur any health hazards.
Suggested indicator: Percentage of population using safely
managed drinking water services, disaggregated for persons
with/without disabilities
EAT Initiative
End Water Poverty We suggest editing of the proposed indicator to "Percentage
of population using safely managed drinking water". We call
for the elimination of the word 'services' as included in the
original indicator proposal; this is important so as to maintain
a priority focus on water being accessible to people, not
simply on the infrastructure available. We also call for the
definition of safely managed water to be extended to:
Percentage of population using an improved drinking water
source [MDG 'improved' indicator'] which is located on
premises or within close proximity (within 15 minutes) and
available at a cost affordable for all, free of faecal and toxic
chemicals contamination (due to the damage of this kind of
pollution on people's health) and regulated by a competent
authority.
Fertilizer Canada
Freshwater Action Network Mexico related to 6.1.1: The focus of the indicator cannot be on the
facilities but on the actual access of water by people. We
want to see an additional indicator which measures access,
continuity and affordability to quality drinking water
disaggregated by households, schools, health centres and
public places. We call for the inclusion of the following
indicator: percentage of house holds, schools, health centres,
public spaces offering safely managed and improved water,
sanitation and hygiene services.
German NGOs and DPOs e.g. Percentage of population using safely managed drinking
water services, disaggregated for persons with/without
disabilities
Global Health Council Modify indicator:
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal,
of design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
Indigenous and Frontier This is very much possible if the corporates / Industries /
Technology Research Centre - IFTR community organizations / village administration are taken
into confidence by respective Governments.
Reduction in corruption is another requirement to achieve this
Institute for Reproductive and I agree with it but it is difficult to do it for all
Family Health
International Movement ATD Fourth The Special Rapporteur on the Right to Safe Drinking Water
World has written various articles on the disproportionate
improvement during the MDG-era under Goal 6 for people of
the higher income quintiles . To measure progress on those
furthest behind suggested indicator for target 6.1: Percentage
of population using safely managed drinking water services
should be disaggregated by income. (de Albuquerque,
Catarina, THE FUTURE IS NOW Eliminating inequalities in
sanitation, water and hygiene. 2012)
Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe
Organization (NNDSWO) and affordable drinking water for all
1. Percentage of HH having equitable and affordable
access to safe drinking water disaggregated on age, sex,
disability, race, caste, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or
other status and rural-urban divide HH having access to tap
drinking water.
2. Non-discrimination legislation which includes right to safe
water irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, caste, ethnicity,
origin, religion economic or other status and rural-urban
divide, with punitive action against that discriminate.
3. Adequate allocation budgetary resources at national,
sub-national and local governments.
Newcastle University, Institute for Quality must also be a measured factor - something lacking
Sustainability under the Millennium Development Goals. The MDGs
indicator for having clean and safe drinking water is the
percentage of population using an ‘improved’ drinking water
source. Countries may have met this target based on the
definition of ‘improved’ yet the quality of the water supplied by
the national provider in some areas is so poor the population
cannot consume it.
The following indicators to replace the proposal are
recommended:
(1) % of population using a drinking water source that
provides a satisfactory supply (based on WHO definition of
satisfactory: adequate quantity, safe quality & convenient
access).
(2) % of population access to a safely managed water source
providing wholesome drinking water as defined at the national
level.
Partnership for Economic Policy To ensure the achievement of this goal there is a need for
age/gender disaggregation
Pathfinder International
Planning 4 Sustainable The infrastructure cost of achieving this by many LDCs makes
Development this target very optimistic
Practical Action
Society for the Psychological Data on population access to safe and affordable drinking
Study of Social Issues; Psychology water for all, disaggregated by gender, age, race, ethnicity,
Coalition at the United Nations indigenous identity, income, rural/urban residence, national
origin, and migration status
Stockholm Environment Institute General: ‘Access’ needs to be very clearly defined. Does this
relate to access in house?
It is also important that the reliability of access is accounted
for. ‘Available’ can mean many things and the costs of
unreliable water supply are often downplayed. There are
social, economic, health costs and it undermines people’s
confidence in the water provision system, which can drive
them to seek water from elsewhere. In response to this
comment, it would be pertinent to extend the suggested
indicator to include ‘reliable’ water services, with a clear
definition of what constitutes a minimum threshold of
reliability. From the ECE feedback, it appears that continuity
of supply data – for this purpose – would be available from
household surveys and administrative sources.
Sudanese Environment
Conservation Society
Tebtebba
The Hague University of Applied While the concept of “planetary boundaries” is valuable idea
Science in drawing public attention to breaching limits, it is
dangerously anthropocentric in strongly suggesting that all we
need to do is stay just outside the borders of those
boundaries, in our use of (and impact on) the biosphere, in
order to be ‘sustainable’. While the planetary boundaries of
“Land Use” and “Freshwater” appear to be infinitely malleable
as they can be ‘effectively managed’ for the benefit of
humanity, as far as biodiversity in concerned these
boundaries have long been surpassed. Land Use or
Freshwater, while still widely ‘available’ although degraded or
polluted (to humans) actually testify to wild habitat destruction
which in itself is the leading cause of biodiversity loss.
UCLG Target 6.1.: the affordability dimension, critical for poor and
vulnerable groups of the population, is not addressed in the
suggested indicator. We propose adding: “Percentage of
population in the poorest quintile whose financial expenditure
on water, sanitation and hygiene is below 3% of the national
poverty line” (source: JMP WHO/UNICEF and household
surveys)
UNSD Education Caucus
WaterAid proposal:
Percentage of population using safely managed drinking
water services disaggregated by service level (basic, safely
managed) and location (home, school, health centre)
WaterAid proposal:
Percentage of population using basic water service by sex,
age, location (home, school, health centre) and by income
Women's Major Group 6.1.1 Percentage of population, by gender, age, persons with
disabilities, socioeconomic status, and spatial location, using
safely managed drinking water services
Proposed indicator:
6.2.2 Percentage of population using a handwashing facility
with water and soap, disaggregated by location (home,
school, health centre)
WaterAid proposal:
Percentage of population using safely managed sanitation
services disaggregated by service level (ODF, basic, safely
managed) and location (home, school, health centre)
We propose:
AND
No comments
By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all
sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of
freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce
the number of people especially those with disabilities
suffering from water scarcity
Access to efficient freshwater use, disaggregated by gender,
age, race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, rural/urban
residence, national origin, and migration status
no input
Data gathered by CDP's global water disclosure programs (for
companies and cities) could support tracking of progress
against this target.
We suggest to consider the next indicators: Porcentage of
local communities (rural, peri-urban and urban) with territorial
planning agreements.Porcentage of municipalities with
permanent consultatn process on water and health issues.
6.4 This indicator need to measure community engagement
in the form of outcome and impact of participatory integrated
water-shed management. Assess participation ladder
engagement according to specific indicators. Rural:
percentage of communities conducting a public/ social audit
during the construction and operation/ maintenance of WASH
services. Peri-urban: percentage of WASH service providers
who regularly conduct customer satisfaction surveys and
optimise their operations accordingly. The issue of trans-
boundary management water is critical towards achieving the
human right to water in a country. An indicator pursuing equity
in the sharing of water resources between both upstream and
downstream communities should be included.
• We strongly favor a general indicator of degree measuring
Integraged Water resources at all management at all level.
No comments
On 6.5.2.: Collaborating with upstream and downstream
basins is a part of IWRM. An indicator which covers ‘Number
of agreements related to data/information sharing between
upstream and downstream basins for water resources
management (e.g. water allocation, infrastructure
development etc.)’ could therefore be included within the
consideration of operational arrangements, and would
potentially supply a richer source of information that the
currently proposed indicator which considers only the
existence of arrangements.
6.5 and/or 6b: Extent of indigenous peoples participation
based on FPIC in all phases of development of water-related
resources at all levels
no input
Canada’s fertilizer industry has undertaken work to reduce
phosphorus losses to protect and restore water-related
ecosystems and is committed to working with governments,
watershed groups, scientists, agri-retailers, farmers and
stakeholders.
CAAR supports the adoption and implementation of 4R
Nutrient Stewardship. We believe that the voluntary adoption
of these principles is the best approach to reduce the
negative environmental impacts of unwanted nutrient loading.
When the right fertilizers are applied at the right rate, time and
place, the impact on water quality is minimal. The primary
nutrient found to cause the growth of algae and aquatic
weeds in streams and lakes is phosphorus, which has many
sources other than fertilizer. Phosphorus from properly
applied fertilizers rapidly binds with the soil following
application. When applied at the right rate, right time and in
the right place, its losses in drainage water are minimal.
CAAR recommends that the UN Post 2015 Sustainability
goals support and promote the 4R Nutrient Stewardship
program as a means to protect water quality.
I agree with it
ISARM, among other instruments, should provide a good
basis for this indicator.
6.6.1 Use indicators to measure the poportion of receiving
water bodies that meet water quality standards (including
nitrogen & phosphorous as a minimum.
No comments
Suggested indicator is solid and fit for purpose
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih supervision and
fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
Chlorine-based disinfection technologies are affordable and
reliable, making them a key factor in providing water reuse
services globally, helping to address water scarcity.
Target 6.b: Support and strengthen the participation of
local communities in improving water and sanitation
management
Number of M/F in paid and unpaid positions in local water
governance formally-structured entities (water users
associations, etc) at town/ village level
(sample) ; disaggregated by nature of relationship to the entity
(e.g., “member”, “board”, “executive”, “leadership,” decision-
making group, etc) and types of tasks
No comments
A recommended indicator for Target 6b is:
Suggested Indicators:
CDP
Centre For Rural Technology, Nepal Indicator 1: Increase access to public transportation
(terrestrial) that operates on clean source of energy.
Comment: Transportation sector one of the major source
contributing to global emission of GHGs. Replacing fossil fuel
based vehicle with vehicles operating on renewable or cleaner
source of energy for public transportation can complement
both climate change mitigation and improvement in access to
transportation services.
Indicator 2: Universal access to clean cooking, clean lighting
and clean heating energy should be ensured to all.
Indicator 3: Reliable modern energy technologies used in the
household level for evaluating performances such as
System/Material sustainability and Efficiencies – The values
be mapped with the international (ISO/Gold) Standards.
End Water Poverty There is a need to be explicit about what the definition for
renewable, modern and clean energy entails. We strongly call
for the exclusion of extractives industries from those
definitions
ericsson
FIA Foundation
Freshwater Action Network Mexico There is a need to be explicit about what the definition for
renewable, modern and clean energy entails. We strongly call
for the exclusion of extractives industries from those
definitions.
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal,
of design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
International Council of Nurses The indicator suggested by UNEP for the target 3.9 could be
used here - Death and disability from indoor and outdoor air
quality.
International Strategy and
Reconciliation Foundation
Island Sustainability Allliance CIS
Inc. ("ISACI")
Kamla Nehru College, University of Energy services in both transport and cooking fuel sector
Delhi
Kepa Finland a) Share of the population with access to reliable electricity,
by urban and rural (%).
Newcastle University, Institute for Target 7.1 needs to define what is meant by the term ‘modern
Sustainability energy’. Access to energy is important for a variety of reasons
including health, economic development, education, and
communications, but target indicators for goal 7 need to
identify what kind of ‘modern energy’ is required and for what
purpose. If Target 7.1 is to be realized it requires an approach
to energy that is customer-led — a society pull rather than a
technology push.
Society for the Psychological Data on access to affordable, reliable and modern energy
Study of Social Issues; Psychology services, disaggregated by gender, age, race, ethnicity,
Coalition at the United Nations indigenous identity, income, rural/urban residence, national
origin, and migration status
Stockholm Environment Institute The proposed indicators cover only a sub-set of the target.
E.g. 7.1.1 will not monitor affordability, reliability or modernity.
"Access" is a multi-dimensional issue, but the indicator is
vague. WB ESMAP's ‘Beyond Connections’ report on
reconceptualizing access includes comprehensive indicators
and identifies limitations of the methodology.
Non-solid fuels is important, but 7.1.2 is a poor indicator;
modern biofuels using pellets for CHP is one of the best
renewable energies in some contexts and kerosene is non-
solid but unhealthy. Hence, it is not clear that a focus on non-
solid fuels is warranted. Also, what is mean by 'primary'?
Lighting/cooking services are often met by different sources,
so which determines the primary use? There can also be
stacking of sources for the same service.
For ‘affordability’: ‘average cost p. kwh (or fuel poverty % of
income spent on fuel)’. For ‘reliability’: ‘hours of disruption to
the electricity grid’. ‘Modern’ should be removed as it is
normative and difficult to measure.
Any indicators should be disaggregated to cover rural-urban
availability.
The Hague University of Applied Yes, particularly wind and solar (no compromises such as
Science biofuels that compete for both productive land and destroy
wild areas)
United Nations Association of Can there be consideration of an "energy development
Tanzania index", where the extent to which development and
deployment of energy exploitation technologies - solar, wind,
hydro, geothermal etc - is being achieved?
USIL Excellent, but it must complemented wtih supervision and
fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
Women for Expo energy is not a stand alone issue and it should not be left
solely to the energy provision and conservation sector.
Women's Major Group 7.1.1 Percentage of population (disaggregated by geography,
gender, age, disability) with electricity access (%)
World Resources Institute WRI suggests going beyond the indicator as currently stated,
to provide solutions that allow sufficient access to electricity to
power economic development. This could be measured by
per capita income growth in previously un-electrified regions.
Further, the level of reliability of electrification will need to be
tracked to ensure consistent access. An indicator on
percentage of households with at least one lightbulb could be
useful, rather than villages, buildings or other levels, to ensure
that we leave no one behind.
Suggested Indicators:
Suggested Indicators:
No comments
Proposed Indicator 7.3.1: Rate of improvement in energy
intensity (%) measured in terms of primary energy and GDP
Comments:
• Sectoral targets should be mentioned in particular for
transport that is a significant source and the fastest growing
sector in terms of energy use.
• As stated in comments by IFAD, UPU and WB in the
document, the Global Fuel Economy Initiative measures
average fuel economy regularly to enable measurement of
the overall CO2 emissions of the global fleet. Data are
available for major countries, regions and the globe.
Suggested Indicators:
The indicator suggested does not cover the goal of the target
towards "...enhancing international cooperation...". Indicator
7.a.2, although focused on financing, is better fit in showing
trends of cooperation.
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih supervision and
fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
Suggested indicators:
No comments
We feel that these indicators are not adequate to measure the
target, and would like to suggest the following alternatives:
Total international development and climate finance spent on
renewables and energy efficiency and % change from
previous year
Bioregional
CAFOD
CBM UK
CDP
ChildFund Alliancd
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
Equality Now
ericsson
Handicap International
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal, of
design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
Health Poverty Action
IDAY-International
IDDC
International Association of
Applied Psychology
International Council of Nurses
MADE
NCD Alliance
Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare 1. Measurement of Intergroup and intragroup disparity of
Organization (NNDSWO) average income growth across sex, disability, race, caste,
ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status and rural-
urban divide.
Organisation Mondiale de
l'Education Prescolaire (OMEP) UK
Sightsavers
Tebtebba
TRK asbl
WWF
Target 8.2: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity
through diversification, technological upgrading and
innovation, including through a focus on high-value added
and labour-intensive sectors
Supported Appropriate city and regional planning can assist
in this area
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal, of
design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
Exactly
"This indicator doesn't quite capture the goal of the target.
Maybe supply chain metric or innovation metric?
"
May be specified
1. Having principles of non-discrimination based on as well
as affirmative action for people based on sex, disability, race,
caste, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status and
rural-urban divide in economic productivity through
diversification, technological up-gradation and renovation.
2. Disaggregated data of higher levels of economic activity
based on sex, disability, race, caste, ethnicity, origin, religion or
economic or other status and rural-urban divide.
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih supervision and
fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
Target 8.3: Promote development-oriented policies that
support productive activities, decent job creation,
entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and
encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small-
and medium-sized enterprises, including through access
to financial services
Indicator 1: Percentage of rural Population with Financial
access - with at least one person employed in a family through
small medium enterprises besides other jobs.
Comment: A population cluster – village/county should have
some kind of industry in their periphery with them being the
primary beneficiaries.
No comments
1. Presence of a national policy on ensures non-
discrimination and substantive equality in the processes of
recruitment, employment in work place and in supply chain.
2. Percentage of trained teachers employed from socially
disadvantaged groups.
3. Adequate budgetary allocation for job creation,
entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation for people based
on their disability, race, caste, ethnicity, origin, occupation
religion or economic or other status and rural-urban divide.
The suggested priority indicator has changed since the first set
of proposals, and is now 'resource productivity'. This is vague
and undefined. We continue to favour an alternative which
gives a better reflection of the total public and private effort to
improve overall resource productivity and decouple economic
growth from environmental degradation, one is compatible with
the UN environmental and economic accounting framework.
This is "The Level of gross national expenditure on
environmental defence and protection and natural resource
base conservation, compared to GDP, compatible with the
SEEA accounting framework."
Supported
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal, of
design and planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
Care must be taken that the proposed indicator on resource
productivity not penalize those countries and economies that
play a critical role in providing the material needs of the global
economy.
I hope so
The chemical industry is a major driver of economic growth
and employs more than 20 million people globally. Nearly all
workers are potentially exposed to chemical hazards because
chemicals are used in occupations ranging from mining,
welding, mechanical & manufacturing work, to office work
In order to achieve the target for all, the indicator must include
people with disabilities. We suggest: Unemployment rate,
disaggregated for persons with/without disabilities
Full and productive employment for men and women is not
adequate. There is a need to add gender inequalities in the
labour market outcomes as follows: (considering the available
data in countries):
Supported
This target mentions explicitly persons with disabilities and
there should be fully disaggregated by disability. It should
clearly appear in the first suggested indicator (Average hourly
earnings of female and male employees by occupations
-Wages/Gender wage gap) just like it is already included in the
second suggested indicator (Unemployment rate by sex, age-
group and disability).
Good idea
Comment:
In particular, the indicators for targets 4.5 and 8.5 should be
disaggregated for persons with/without disabilities. In addition,
for target 4.5, an indicator on inclusion is needed to ensure
equal access. It is not enough for children with disabilities to
enrol/attend school - access to education for all requires that
teachers have the capacity to teach students with special
educational needs. Therefore the following indicator is
proposed: ‘percentage of teachers receiving in-service training
each year on inclusive education’ (this indicator is also linked
to targets 4.c and 10.2).
No comments
We welcome the suggestion to monitor the Gender Wage/Pay
Gap.
Rationale:
Countries have their own definition of age period for youth.
Following country definitions will provide a better gauge of how
countries are progressing in reducing youth NEET.
Proposed indicator: Number of young people involved in
Economic Citizenship Education and/or employabiility training.
Supported
As stated above for target 8.5, the proportion of youth not in
employment, education or training should be measured
beyond age 24. Youth is seen as a period of transition from
childhood to adulthood, and this transition phase has become
delayed in many European countries, with young people
achieving autonomy later. The percentage should be captured
for the age bracket 25-34, for example, in addition to 15-24
(and ideally broken down into five-year intervals).
No comments
a) Number of youth engaged in productive employment and
decent work.
1. Unemployment rate by— age, sex, disability, race, caste,
ethnicity, origin, occupation religion or economic or other status
and rural-urban divide.
2. Affirmative action to promote youth from diversity based
on sex, disability, race, caste, ethnicity, origin, occupation
religion or economic or other status and rural-urban divide for
employment, education and training.
TIER: Tier I
Data on the number and proportion of youth in employment,
education and training, disaggregated by gender, age, race,
ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, rural/urban residence,
national origin, and migration status
Supported
New indicators:
Number of people in modern slavery & human trafficking per
100,000 (within & across countries), disaggregated by sex,
age, region, & type
To be shortened.
1. The comprehensive law to link local governance agencies
and mechanisms to ensure elimination of practice of bonded
labour.
2. Percentage of reported cases of bonded labour to
increase by 50%.
3. Percentage of conviction rate in instances of bonded
labour to increase by 80%.
4. Comprehensive law and policies to counter the practice of
manual scavenging.
5. Percentage of reported cases of manual scavenging to
increase by 50%.
AMEND INDICATOR 8.7.1:
TIER: Tier II
No comments
a) Minimum living wages established (set at the national level).
b) Reduction of proportion of employed people living in poverty
with a salary that cannot cover a minimum living standard.
c) Ratification and implementation of the eight ILO Core Labor
Standards and Ratification and implementation of the ILO
Convention No. 155 on Occupational Safety and Health and
compliance in law and practice.
d) Percentage of workplaces with Collective Bargaining
Agreements and Supporting Policies.
e) Number of youth with capacity to develop business ideas
which contribute to the wellbeing of themselves, the societies
and the planet.
No comments
The proposed indicators are not fit for purpose. Firstly, they do
not touch on sustainability at all. Secondly, given that the
target is about policies, it seems strange that there isn’t an
indicator such as ‘Presence/submission of national policy on
sustainable tourism, covering job-creation and local cultural
aspects'. A standardised framework for such a policy would -
presumably - be possible via requests made to countries to
provide (regularly updated) policies on a regular basis to e.g.
via the UNWTO?
Supported
should NOT be "Number of commercial bank branches and
ATMs per 100,000 adults" since it doesnt include mobile
banking, and mobile money at all. Instead measure: access to
mobile banking/money services
It is good to do it
No comments
1. Presence of a policy for financial inclusion and extension
of adequate credit facilities to entrepreneurs based on sex,
disability, race, caste, ethnicity, origin, occupation religion or
economic or other status and rural-urban divide.
2. Non-discriminatory access to financial credit for all
communities, especially those based on disability, race, caste,
ethnicity, origin, occupation religion or economic or other status
and rural-urban divide and sex.
No comments
On target 8.b.1, we fully support the inclusion of Collective
Bargaining Rates in the suggested indicator and would urge
that it be retained.
By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for
youth employment including those with disabilities and
implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour
Organization
Excellent, but it must complemented wtih supervision and
fullfilment policies to examine the work of states.
Target 9.1: Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and
resilient infrastructure, including regional and
transborder infrastructure, to support economic
development and human well-being, with a focus on
Organization: affordable and equitable access for all
ADD International
Alliance for Affordable Internet
Asian Disaster Reduction and Proposed indicator: % of critical infrastructure and road
Response Network (ADRRN) network that is inclusive, accessible, quality, hazard-
proofed and all-season, dis-aggregated by urban/rural.
The current suggested indicators focus on transportation
and road network. We suggest that the focus should not
just be on roads and should be the whole of critical
infrastructure including transport, water, energy, sanitation,
and communication as well as private sector
establishments and facilities, health and education
facilities and infrastructure, and community centers which
is not stated in the SDGs but are reflective of the goals of
the Sendai Framework. This is to ensure that critical
infrastructure, not just roads and road networks, is
designed to be resilient to extreme shocks and
disturbances.
Bioregional
Bond Disaster Risk Reduction The current proposed indicators focus only on transport
Working Group rather than a broader perspective of infrastructure – earlier
drafts of this target explicitly included water, energy, waste,
ICT, etc.
Further, the suggested indicators do not capture the sense
of infrastructure being ‘resilient’ (ie able to withstand
natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes etc) which is
critical for sustained economic development.
We propose a new indicator: % of critical infrastructure
and road network that is quality, hazard-proofed and all-
season, disaggregated by urban/rural
Critical infrastructure must be carefully defined: it should
include transport, water, energy, sanitation as well as
buildings for health and education which are not covered
elsewhere in the SDGs framework.
This proposed indicator has very close alignment with
Target (d) of the new global Sendai Framework for DRR,
with additional information to be taken from the Sendai
Framework monitor. Hence this is measurable and
verifiable.
CDP
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
Commonwealth Association of Supported Appropriate city and regional planning can
Planners help maximise the cost benefit ratios of the limited input
funds
Danish Institute for Human RIghts The suggested indicator does not capture the aspects of
affordable and equitable access, but solely the
geographical distance to an all season road (availability).
This should be reformulated to address affordability and
accessibility.
DSW (Deutsche Stiftung
Weltbevoelkerung
Foundation Center (on behalf of Additional indicators should be created and included here.
SDG Philanthropy Platform) One suggestion is
“Number of households and employment places with
access to broadband internet”
Global Health Technologies
Coalition
Global Network of Civil Society The current proposed indicators focus only on transport
Organisations for Disaster rather than a broader perspective of infrastructure – earlier
Reduction drafts of this target explicitly included water, energy, waste,
ICT, etc.
Further, the suggested indicators do not capture the sense
of infrastructure being ‘resilient’ (ie able to withstand
natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes etc) which is
critical for sustained economic development.
We propose a new indicator: % of critical infrastructure
and road network that is quality, hazard-proofed and all-
season, disaggregated by urban/rural
Critical infrastructure must be carefully defined: it should
include transport, water, energy, sanitation as well as
buildings for health and education which are not covered
elsewhere in the SDGs framework.
This proposed indicator has very close alignment with
Target (d) of the new global Sendai Framework for DRR,
with additional information to be taken from the Sendai
Framework monitor. Hence this is measurable and
verifiable.
Handicap International
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential
goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for whole
societies.
Health Priorities in Post-2015
Taskforce
IDDC
MARS Practitioners Network The proposed indicator focus only on transport rather than
perspective of infrastructure in earlier drafts which
included water, energy, waste, ICT, etc. It does not
capture the target’s explicit reference to ‘resilience’ (i.e.
with standing damage in natural & technological disasters)
essential for sustained economic development &
avoiding wasted investment (from rebuilding roads every
few years washed away by floods ) & minimising
environmental & disaster risk consequences from building
new infrastructure & altering ecosystem balance. Much
good work has been done on this in Asia (ADB, MRC,
WWF, ADPC)
We support OXFAM’s new indicator: % of critical
infrastructure and road network that is quality, hazard-
proofed & all-season, with low ecosystem impact;
disaggregated by urban/rural. Critical infrastructure
definition should include transport, water, energy,
sanitation as well as buildings for health and education,
not explicitly covered elsewhere in the SDGs.
This proposal is aligned with Target (d) of the Sendai
Framework for DRR, with additional information to be
taken from the SFDRR monitor, and is measurable &
verifiable.
Comments:
• Sectoral targets should be mentioned in particular for
transport that is a significant source and the fastest
growing sector in terms of energy use.
• As stated in comments by IFAD, UPU and WB in the
document, the Global Fuel Economy Initiative measures
average fuel economy regularly to enable measurement of
the overall CO2 emissions of the global fleet. Data are
available for major countries, regions and the globe.
PATH
Planning 4 Sustainable
Development
Policy Cures
Sightsavers
Society for the Psychological Data on proportion of national, trans-border, and regional
Study of Social Issues; Psychology population employed in secure, quality, reliable and
Coalition at the United Nations sustainable physical infrastructure supportive of economic
development, disaggregated by gender, age, race,
ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, rural/urban
residence, national origin, and migration status
TAG
TB Alliance
The Hague University of Applied In terms of production and consumption, what is needed is
Science a radical re-orientation of human industry away from those
systems that support ‘sustaining unsustainability’ - not
'resilience'.
Good idea
9.3.1 Monitor the number of countries that have developed
sound chemicals management corporate policies and
practices throughout the value chain, including extended
producer responsibility, communication about chemical
hazards and risks both for chemicals and chemicals in
products together with the promotion of green design and
BAT/BEP/
In comparison with 9.2 and 9.1. the indicators under this
target appear broadly fit for purpose, which probably
reflects the more specific nature of the target.
A good goal. It is neceessary to create and implement
solidarity policies between developed countries and
developing countries.
Make one of the specifications ' value addition '. Value
addition should be One of the qualifying conditions for
easy access of credit and other financial services
To make these services available and affordable to all
women.
Target 9.4: By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit
industries to make them sustainable, with increased
resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean
and environmentally sound technologies and
industrial processes, with all countries taking action
in accordance with their respective capabilities
To be shortened
The proposed indicators address intensity per unit of GDP.
For reasons explained above (Target 7.3), this is not a
measure of efficiency, and - further - indicators that only
consider efficiency relative GDP may be useless for other
framings. Moreover, the indicators covers only a limited
range of environmental impacts. In this case, recycling
rates, emissions from the industrial sector, or similar would
be better measures.
Even though the suggestion of UNSD (indicator 9.1.4) will
face a challenge in measuring resource use efficiency we
believe it is more appropriate for monitoring this target
than the currently suggested indicator
No comments
R&D expenditure as percentage of GDP [Global indicator]
Recommend disaggregating this indicator by sector of
performance, source of funds, field of science, and
socioeconomic objective.
Recommended indicator: [National indicator, nationally
collected] Number of formal coordination and collaboration
initiatives aimed at increasing and facilitating transfer of
health-related technology, including between public and
private entities as a national indicator.
Technology transfer is a key focus of Goal 17 and a
fundamental component of international support for
innovation capacity in low- and middle income countries
(LMICs).
Recommended indicator: [National indicator, nationally
collected] Number of clinical trial sites that meet
international quality and safety standards.
Tracking the number and quality of trials and trial sites
would provide targeted proxy measures of the existence of
an enabling policy environment for health research and
infrastructure.
Recommended indicators:
Ok
Recommended indicator: [National level indicator,
nationally collected] Number of formal coordination and
collaboration initiatives aimed at increasing and facilitating
transfer of health-related technology, including between
public and private entities
Technology transfer is a key focus of the means of
implementation goal (goal 17) of the SDGs and is also a
fundamental component of international support for
innovation capacity in LMICs (goal 9). This indicator was
proposed in the WHO Global Strategy and Plan of Action
on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property, and
while no standardized international methodology or data
exists, tracking this indicator would be an important step in
monitoring progress toward the aims set out in this
document.
No comments
Proposed IEAG Indicator: Amount of investments in
infrastructure as a % of GDP
Comments:
Would be useful to incorporate transport as subset of total
infrastructure investment to determine whether transport
infrastructure is sufficient.
Very good
Recommended indicator: [Global level indicator, nationally
collected] R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP
(Disaggregated by sector of performance, source of funds,
field of science, and socioeconomic objective)
Recommended indicator: [National level indicator,
Nationally collected] National Regulatory Authorities
participating in harmonized registration initiatives based on
internationally recognized policies and standards; and
sharing regulatory policies, legislation, guidelines, and
information on registered products
Differing capacities and standards between countries are a
major impediment to access to new health technologies,
particularly in many LMICs where regulatory capacity is
often strained.
No comments
Recommended indicator: [Global indicator, nationally
collected] R&D expenditure as percentage of GDP
(disaggregated by sector of performance, source of funds,
field of science, and socioeconomic objective).
Recommended indicator: [National indicator, nationally
collected] Number of registered clinical trials that meet
international quality and safety standards.
Tracking the number and quality of trials and trial sites
would provide targeted proxy measures of the existence of
an enabling policy environment for health research and
infrastructure.
Recommended indicators:
Good
2020 may be too short time
Target is less than 5 years away. Many programmes have
gestations beyond 3 years before there is action on the
ground. Makes the target date very optimistic
Increased access to information and communication
technology should be fully disaggregated by disability,
given the barriers persons with disabilities often face which
impede their full inclusion in society and given, conversely,
the capacity for such technology to empower persons with
disabilities and promote inclusion. (Interlinkage with Target
10.2).
Data on number and proportion of national population with
access to information and communications technology and
access to the internet, disaggregated by gender, age,
race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, rural/urban
residence, national origin, and migration status
A good goal. It is neceessary to create and implement
solidarity policies between developed countries and
developing countries.
Target 10.1: By 2030, progressively achieve and
sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent
of the population at a rate higher than the
Organization: national average
ADD International
African Foundation for
Development (AFFORD)
Asia Pacific Forum on Women Law We agree with the OHCHR's suggested indicator
and Development relying on the Palma ration to measure income
inequality pre and post social transfer and tax at a
national, regional and global level.
Beyond 2015 UK The current indicator for the income inequality target
should be replaced by the Palma ratio, which tracks
the post-tax income of the top 10 percent, top 1%
and top 0.1% as well as the post-transfer income of
the bottom 40%.
CBM UK
Center for Economic and Social The suggested indicator does directly measure the
Rights target, but by focusing only on the bottom 40%, it
neglects to capture the top income and wealth
brackets.
Focusing on the top end of the income spectrum is
key when assessing overall economic inequality.
Given that much of the economic power of the top
10% is held in wealth, we propose a complementary
indicator on wealth (financial assets and property)
concentration, which should include offshore wealth.
An indicator on wealth inequality/concentration will
also have the positive effect of driving data-
production and collection to permit a better
understanding of the true extent of economic
inequality worldwide.
CESR ADDITIONAL indicator: Indicator on wealth
inequality/concentration - to be developed
Note: as suggested by OHCHR, an indicator
measuring income inequality using the Gini
coefficient or (preferably) the Palma ratio would also
be useful here. Note that we are proposing this as
the priority indicator for target 10.4 (see below), but it
can certainly be multipurpose.
Center for Family and Human
Rights (C-Fam)
Climate Change Centre Reading Youth conclusions and inclusion and resilience in the
New Urban Agenda based on three years project
with placemaking and climate change coverage.
Why? The youth is our future and their need for
protective shelter in a changing climate, first and
foremost. This requires multidisciplinary climate
action across multilevel jurisdictional boundaries…
IDDC
MADE
Major Group of Workers and Trade
Unions
National Campaign for Dalit Human 1. Disaggregated data on multiple dimension index
Rights (MDI) inclusive of – age, sex, disability, race, caste,
ethnicity, origin, occupation religion or economic or
other status and rural-urban divide.
2. Targeted budgeting for inclusion of socially
disadvantaged communities in infrastructure and
industrial development.
3. Growth rates of household expenditure or
income per capita among the bottom 40 percent of
the population and the total population especially
inclusive of households of marginalized
communities.
Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare 1. Disaggregated data on multiple dimension index
Organization (NNDSWO) (MDI) inclusive of – age, sex, disability, race, caste,
ethnicity, origin, occupation religion or economic or
other status and rural-urban divide.
2. Targeted budgeting for inclusion of socially
disadvantaged communities in infrastructure and
industrial development.
3. Growth rates of household expenditure or
income per capita among the bottom 40 percent of
the population and the total population especially
inclusive of households of marginalized
communities.
Newcastle University, Institute for There are many commendable aims captured by
Sustainability Goal 10 of the SDGs and a number of the indicators
are entirely suitable for purpose. However, no
indicator here seriously engages with measurement
of substantive inequality between countries. Thus,
the indicators are not sufficient to measure overall
progress towards the headline goal.
Saferworld
Sightsavers
Society for the Psychological Data on the economic growth of the bottom 40 per
Study of Social Issues; Psychology cent of the population in comparison with the
Coalition at the United Nations national average, disaggregated by gender, age,
race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, income,
rural/urban residence, national origin, and migration
status
Stakeholder Group on Ageing
(posted by HelpAge International)
The Hague University of Applied . If SDG’s propose that the poor need to earn (and
Science logically, consume more), do the rich need to
consume less? Indeed, if they have to, this raises a
host of other ethical questions.
TRK asbl % access to credit and finance data %per sexe and
age
Women's Major Group 10.1.1 Measure income inequality using the Gini
coefficient or Palma ratio, pre and post-social
transfers/tax, at global, regional and national level
disaggregated by groups as defined above
The methodology of
this index assesses the incidence of fiscal policy on
inequality and is therefore a more comprehensive
tool to measure income inequality pre and post-
tax/social transfers.
An indicator on change in real median income is An indicator to measure wealth concentration such
useful and should be retained. as share of wealth of the top 40% would be usefully
However, a further indicator is needed to capture added as a barrier to progress on these ambitions.
social and political factors of exclusion and
marginalisation in order to address the full ambition
of the target. One currently suggested is: Measure
the progressive reduction of inequality gaps over
time, disaggregated by groups as defined above, for
selected social, economic, political and
environmental SDG targets
Target included disability and therefore disability
must be reflected in the indicators.
We suggest:
Percentage of seats held by persons with disabilities
in national parliament
Percentage of population owning a mobile phone,
disaggregated for persons with/without disabilities
Percentage of the population with internet access,
disaggregated for persons with/without disabilities
Percentage of positions in public institutions
(national and local legislatures, public service, and
judiciary) held by persons with disabilities
Percentage of government websites which meet the
ISO/IEC 405000: 2012 of accessibility for Web
Content (also knowledge as the Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines)
We welcome the suggested indicator's emphasis on We support the suggested indicator as a key way of
relative poverty as a core measure to ensure a measuring people’s lived experience of
universal post-2015 agenda. If measured against discrimination.
median household/personal income, we believe that We also strongly support an additional indicator
relative poverty should be defined by the percentage (proposed by OHCHR) for target 10.3.
of households with less than 60% of the median ADDITIONAL: Existence of independent National
household income. In general, this will capture a Human Rights Institution in compliance with the
more accurate number of people living in (or at risk Paris Principles
of falling into) relative poverty, and is the standard National Human Rights Institutions have a unique
definition already developed for the at-risk-of-poverty and valuable role to play in the implementation and
or social exclusion (AROPE) rate across Europe monitoring of a wide range of SDGs at a national
(Eurostat). level, and can be crucial actors in tackling
CESR ALTERNATIVE indicator: Percentage of discrimination and inequalities.
people with incomes below 60% of median income
("relative poverty")
We also propose an ADDITIONAL indicator:
Measure the progressive reduction of inequality
gaps over time, disaggregated by groups as defined
above, for selected social, economic, political and
environmental SDG targets (at least one target per
goal where relevant should be monitored using this
approach)
This indicator was included in the UN Statistical
Division proposed indicators of March 2015. This
could also be used as an indicator for target 10.3.
"Other status" should not apply to the subjective See comment on 10.2 above.
sexual preferences and private behaviors of
individuals through notions such as “sexual
orientation and gender identity.” Member states have
no obligation to recognize such a category. This is
not a legally cognizable category in human rights
law, it is not in any UN treaty, and cannot be fairly
implied from any UN treaty, and there is no
consensus in the United Nations on these issues.
The proposed indicator falls short of addressing the The proposed indicator is strong and human rights
crucial human rights aspects of the target. Firstly, the relevant, but should be supplemented with an
indicator only addresses economic exclusion. additional process indicator to capture the
Secondly, the indicator fails to address the equality elimination of discriminatory laws, policies and
aspect, as related to the range of prohibited grounds practices. See also comment under target 16.b.
of discrimination mentioned in the target. From a
human rights perspective, 10.2. is one of the most
important targets and there is therefore a need to
rethink this indicator, e.g. by measuring the
progressive reduction of inequalities for the groups
reflected in the target, as related to a selection of
indicators across the SDG targets.
This target mentions explicitly persons with This target addresses discrimination and should be
disabilities and should be fully disaggregated by disaggregated by disability, as persons with
disability. While economic and social inclusion can disabilities are a group especially susceptible to
be monitored by the proposed indicators, political discrimination (Interlinkage with 16.b)
inclusion is more complex. Possible indicators are,
among others, Percentage of persons with
disabilities able to participate in basic political activity
(like voting secretly in elections and participating in
political activities); percentage of persons with
disabilities actively engaged in national political
processes; percentage of seats held by persons with
disabilities in national parliament; percentage of
positions in public institutions (national and local
legislatures, public service, and judiciary) held by
persons with disabilities; percentage of government
websites which meet the ISO/IEC 40500:2012 of
accessibility for Web content (Interlinkage with 9.c)
This must be disaggregated by all categories Indigenous peoples and other cultural and ethnic
outlined in the target. Ethnicity should be specified in minorities face intersecting forms of marginalisation
the indictor. and discrimination. The IAEG should explore ways
to disaggregate this indicator by ethnicity
This target mentions explicitly persons with This target addresses discrimination and should be
disabilities and should be fully disaggregated by disaggregated by disability, as persons with
disability. While economic and social inclusion can disabilities are a group especially susceptible to
be monitored by the proposed indicators, political discrimination (Interlinkage with 16.b)
inclusion is more complex. Possible indicators are,
among others, Percentage of persons with
disabilities able to participate in basic political activity
(like voting secretly in elections and participating in
political activities); percentage of persons with
disabilities actively engaged in national political
processes; percentage of seats held by persons with
disabilities in national parliament; percentage of
positions in public institutions (national and local
legislatures, public service, and judiciary) held by
persons with disabilities; percentage of government
websites which meet the ISO/IEC 40500:2012 of
accessibility for Web content (Interlinkage with 9.c)
10.2.1 Measure the progressive reduction of 10.3.1 Percentage of population reporting having
inequality gaps over time, disaggregated by groups personally felt discriminated against or harassed
as defined above, for selected social, economic, within the last 12 months on the basis of a ground of
political and environmental SDG targets (at least one discrimination prohibited under international human
target per goal where relevant should be monitored rights law
using this approach)
DATA SOURCE: Survey
DATA SOURCE: SIGI, HDR, GINI, gender gap
reports, GLOBAL MONITORING ENTITY: Data for this
indicator are collected in an increasing number of
GLOBAL MONITORING ENTITY: UNDP countries. At the regional level, the EU Fundamental
Rights Agency has collected the data for 27 EU
NOTES: The case for the adoption of an equal rights Member States. Relevant data is also collected in
approach rests not only on the importance of greater Eurobarometer and Afrobarometer surveys, and this
equality as an end in itself, but on the role which an question could easily be added.
effective and comprehensive system of law can have
as a means to achieving development ends. The NOTES: Girls and boys are particularly vulnerable to
adoption of an equal rights approach could the damaging effects of inequality; the
represent a transformative shift, giving the most consequences often last for the rest of their lives.
marginalised a means to challenge the
discriminatory barriers to their development. In so
doing, it would provide a decisive means to “enlarge
people’s choices” and thus ensure that the final SDG
framework is able to deliver on the central promise
of human development.
Data on social, economic and political inclusion and Data on access to equal opportunity and equal
empowerment of all,disaggregated by gender, age, outcomes in social, economic, and environmental
race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, areas of development, disaggregated by gender,
rural/urban residence, national origin, and migration age, race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, income,
status rural/urban residence, national origin, and migration
status.
Indicator 10.2.1: We support the current proposal.
10.2 1) Measure the progressive reduction of 10.3: Percentage of indigenous peoples and other
inequality gaps over time, disaggregated by age, disadvantaged groups reporting perceived existence
sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or of discrimination based on all grounds of
economic or other status for selected social, discrimination prohibited by international human
economic, political and environmental SDG targets; rights law
2) Proportion of seats in national and local
government held by relevant social groups and
indigenous peoples, disaggregated by sex and
according to their share in the population
National programs to support civil society indiccator by sex , measure promoting women
organisation specially youth and women political and decision maaking access in all policy
organisation and decicion making level
A good goal. It is neceessary to create and A good goal. It is neceessary to create and
implement solidarity policies between developed implement solidarity policies between developed
countries and developing countries. countries and developing countries.
10.3.1 Percentage of population reporting perceived
existence of discrimination based on all grounds of
discrimination prohibited by international human
rights law
10.3.2 Existence of an independent body
responsible for promoting and protecting the right to
nondiscrimination
10.2.1 Reduction in inequality gaps over time, 10.3.1 Percentage of population reporting perceived
disaggregated by groups as defined above, for existence of discrimination based on all grounds of
selected social, economic, political and discrimination prohibited by international human
environmental SDG targets (at least one target per rights law
goal where relevant should be monitored using this
approach) This indicator is a key way to capture people's lived
experience of discrimination.
The suggested indicator is welcome, but including No single indicator will accurately measure financial
social protection transfers may dilute the potency of market regulation, which is an essential but
this indicator and muddle the analysis. neglected global policy priority to prevent the type of
ALTERNATIVE: Wage or labour income share ratio economic crises we have seen recently, which drive
This must not be the only indicator for target 10.4, poverty and inequality. Thus, additional indicators for
which is a multifaceted target that will have a critical this target should be developed and proposed.
role to play in progress across the SDG agenda.
ADDITIONAL: Palma national income inequality We do however support the adoption of financial
measured pre-tax and post-social transfers transactions taxes across major financial centers as
The other proposed indicators for this target in the one step toward empowering governments to
current IAEG list are overly blunt (for further analysis safeguard against financial crises and promote
see cesr.org), so we propose a more comprehensive financial sector accountability. It would also have the
method which would look at the full distributive effect of mobilizing a significant source of resources
impacts of fiscal policy. This would look at the to contribute to sustainable development and the
incidence of fiscal policy using the income ratio of realization of human rights. (It is important to note
income inequality measured across the chain from that financial transaction taxes can also be adopted
market (pre-tax) income to post-tax income to post- at country, regional and supra-national levels, not
transfer income. We support using the Palma ratio, just at global level.)
which indicates distributional changes at both the
top and bottom of the income spectrum better than We do not agree with the World Bank’s suggestion
alternative measures of inequality such as the Gini to use their Country Policy and Institutional
coefficient. Assessment (CPIA) indicators for the financial
sector, but agree with them that further consultation
is needed on indicators for this target.
Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social
protection transfers; disaggregated by sex.
A good goal. It is neceessary to create and A good goal. It is neceessary to create and
implement solidarity policies between developed implement solidarity policies between developed
countries and developing countries. countries and developing countries.
10.5.1 Adoption of a financial transaction tax (Tobin
tax) at a world level
No single indicator will accurately measure financial
market regulation, which is an essential but
neglected global policy priority to prevent the type of
economic crises we have seen recently, which drive
poverty and inequality. We do however support the
adoption of financial transactions taxes across major
financial centers as one step toward empowering
governments to safeguard against financial crises
and promote financial sector accountability. It would
also have the effect of mobilizing a significant source
of resources to contribute to sustainable
development and the realization of human rights.
A good goal. It is neceessary to create and A good goal. It is neceessary to create and
implement solidarity policies between developed implement solidarity policies between developed
countries and developing countries. countries and developing countries.
10.6.1 Percentage of voting rights in international 10.7.1 Share of migrants in regular employment
organizations of developing countries, compared to (Regular employment refers to a job with a written or
population or GDP as appropriate verbal contract, regularized employment relationship
We certainly support increased representation of under agreed terms).
developing countries in these bodies. Yet, this
indicator is flawed for two reasons. First, voting National surveys, conducted by the National
rights-based on population or GDP worsens rather Statistical Offices on employment, wages and
than enhances representation of small, poor working conditions; ILO International Labour
countries in international institutions. Second, Migration Module
effective voice in these institutions requires
meaningful participation and decision-making over 10.7.2 Share of migrant workers in regular
the actual outcomes of the debates, which is not employment, by gender
measured with this proposed indicator. We need to
see institutions that are specifically designed, from
the outset, to represent the needs of the poorest
countries and their populations. We would also urge
enhanced voice of civil society actors in these
bodies.
Target 10.b: Encourage official development
assistance and financial flows, including foreign
direct investment, to States where the need is
Target 10.a: Implement the principle of special greatest, in particular least developed countries,
and differential treatment for developing African countries, small island developing States
countries, in particular least developed and landlocked developing countries, in
countries, in accordance with World Trade accordance with their national plans and
Organization agreements programmes
We support the following suggested indicator, as
amended:
FDI inflows as a share of GDP to developing
countries, broken down by group (LDCs, African
countries, SIDS, LLDCS, [ADD: remittances from
diaspora and migrant communities]) and by source
country.
Trade-related indicators should not only focus on
trade restrictions and distortions. Indicators should
also measure changes in trade which have improved
market access for poorer countries and delivered in
terms of sustainable, less volatile/vulnerable
livelihoods, strengthening the stability of commodity
markets, reducing their volatility. As paragraph 30 of
the revised outcome document reads "States are
strongly urged to refrain from promulgating and
applying any unilateral economic, financial or trade
measures not in accordance with international law
and the Charter of the United Nations that impede
the full achievement of economic and social
development, particularly in developing countries"
Beyond 2015 UK
CBM UK
CDP
Centre for Built Environment New comprehensive development plans are required including
smart
cities for cities. Urbanisation in the context of globalization of
market
economy and market economy and at the same time
preserving the
social and Cuktural values.
ChildFund Alliancd
Christian Aid
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
Climate Change Centre Reading Establish policy and frameworks at the national level for cities
to allocate an appropriate percentage of the land to public
space. An inventory of public space assets in a city will reveal
the availability of public space typologies, allowing city-builders
to address shortfalls and encourage a balance of public
spaces throughout a city.
Commonwealth Association of Strongly supported Appropriate city and regional planning can
Planners assist in achieving safer more resilient communities
Communitas Coalition for We support the proposed indicator: “Proportion of urban
Sustainable Cities in the New UN population living in slums.”
Development Agenda has This could be improved by adding “or informal settlements” at
facilitated the development of the end, as suggested earlier by UN-Habitat.
these comments based on the
outcomes of the 3 June 2015 Geospatial data at the city/regional level is essential for
technical seminar: Urban tracking the adequacy, accessibility and affordability of
Sustainability for Human housing and basic services (which are generally delivered by
Development: Indicators, local authorities) and for assessing progress in upgrading
Geospatial Technology & slums. Disaggregated spatial data at the local level can
Disaggregation for SDG11 and its provide governments and other stakeholders with a detailed
Linkages with other SDGs, which understanding of the proportion of the population living in
we organized at the United Nations slums or informal settlements. Moreover, when integrated with
in close collaboration with Group census data or household surveys, the location-specific
of Member States Friends for conditions and affordability faced by various populations (e.g.,
Sustainable Cities, the UN low-income households) can be tracked. This city/regional
Statistics Division in the data is necessary not only for aggregation into national data,
Department for Economic and but also for informing needs and priorities for local and
Social Affairs (DESA), the national policies and implementation activities to achieve this
European Commission Joint target.
Research Centre, the Penn Institute
for Urban Research and the UN
Sustainable Development
Solutions Network (SDSN); and
with the support of the Global Task
Force of Local and Regional
Governments, the World Urban
Campaign and the Urban SDG
Campaign. Details on the co-
organizers and signatories of this
submission, as well as the
technical presentations at the
event and a detailed outcomes
report can be found at:
http://www.communitascoalition.or
g/pdf/indicators-workshop/Tech
%20Seminar%20on%20Indicators
Danish Institute for Human RIghts
Future of Places
German NGOs and DPOs
Habitat for Humanity International 1. Expand the suggested indicator to measure all elements of
a slum, including security of tenure. The suggested indicator is
a continuation of the MDGs and the MDGs did not measure
tenure security which is vital to the achievement of goals 1, 2,
5 and 11 of the SDGs
Handicap International
HealthBridge Vietnam
Institute for Reproductive and Very good. I am not sure access to all, it depends on economic
Family Health development, political system
International Agency for the
Prevention of Blindness
RMS
Society for the Psychological Data on access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and
Study of Social Issues; Psychology basic human services, disaggregated by gender, age, race,
Coalition at the United Nations ethnicity, indigenous identity, income, rural/urban residence,
national origin, and migration status.
Stakeholder Group on Ageing Indicator 11.1.1 Change to: Percentage of urban population,
(posted by HelpAge International) by age, gender and persons of disabilities, living in slums or
informal settlements
Sudanese Environment
Conservation Society
Tearfund
- http://unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Habitat-III-
Issue-Paper-9_Urban-Land-2.0.pdf
Women Access Trust Organisation One of the indicators should be : proportion of rural dwellers
Of Nigeria with jobs in metropolitan areas
Women for Women's Human Rights 11.1 Proportion of slum-upgrading initiatives that take into
- New Ways account one or more of the needs of women and girls,
including but not limited to participation of women and girls in
the planning process, enhancing safety and security,
improving accessibility of women and girls to public services,
and improving land tenure rights of women and girls.
Women's Environment and 1) We must operationalize the language 'upgrade slums' with
Development Orgranization the realization that the negative impacts of slum dwelling
disparately impact women and girls. Recommend:
a) Proportion of slum-upgrading initiatives that take into
account one or more of the needs of women and girls,
including but not limited to participation of women and girls in
the planning process, enhancing safety and security,
improving accessibility of women and girls to public services,
and improving land tenure rights of women and girls.
Women's Major Group 11.1.1 Percentage of population by age, sex, civil status and
persons with disabilities, living in slums according to the UN-
Habitat definition
UN-Habitat
UN-Habitat
11.1.3 Proportion of the female headed households that
spends more than 30% of its income on accommodation that
meets basic needs for quality and service provision in line with
UN-Habitat standards and ensures a safe and secure
environment.
World Vision
Y Care International
Target 11.2: By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable,
accessible and sustainable transport systems for all,
improving road safety, notably by expanding public
transport, with special attention to the needs of those in
vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with
disabilities and older persons
We recommend the following indicator against this target:
‘Percentage of public transport vehicles meeting the minimum
national standards for accessibility by persons with disabilities’
Very good
Indicator
- Percentage of public transport vehicles meeting the minimum
national standards for accessibility by persons with disabilities
Comments:
For targets 4.a, 11.2 and 11.7, which refer to accessibility by
persons with disabilities, the indicators can be based on
existing ISO standards for accessibility to buildings or
"minimum national standards of accessibility by persons with
disabilities". The Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities refers to universal design, but there is not an
operational currently used international definition of
accessibility/universal design. Countries tend to either use
existing ISO standards or make their own assessments of
accessible schools, accessible public buildings, and
accessible transport according to national standards.
No comments
Propose the following: 11.2.1. Safe, equitable, energy-efficient
transport; 11.2.2. Opportunities for physical activity; and,
11.2.3. The proportion of the population using walking,
bicycling, public transit, and motorized vehicles for all
purposes travel.
11.2.2 Percentage of women and girls who say they ever feel
safe using public transit, noting under what circumstances they
do and do not feel safe
11.2 Percentage of women and girls who say they always feel
safe using public transit, disaggregated by age, civil status,
disability, education level, ethnicity, geographic location,
income, migrant status, IDPs, refugees
1) Safety is a primary concern for women and girls when
accessing public transport systems. Safety measure support
truly inclusive systems. Transport is also critical for the health,
economic livelihood, and cultural access of women.
Recommend:
Comments
• Transport is an important influencer on the efficiency of
land use. With hierarchical transport systems integrated with
land use plans, and other infrastructure, more efficient land
use outcomes can be facilitated
• Data is readily available and should be easy to calculate
on an annual basis through satellite imagery and UN
population data (e.g. through the following data sources):
http://ghslsys.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/
The currently proposed indicators do nothing to touch on a
crucial part of the target which is about the capacity for
participatory planning and management. The proposed
indicator will not even be a close proxy for this. Without a
clearer indicator, levels of exclusion and inequality for the
urban poor will persist.
We suggest:
Cities and human settlements that develop, revise and
implement development plans based on effective stakeholder
engagement that includes participation from poor and
vulnerable communities
11.3.1 Existence of legal frameworks in place for participatory
planning processes especially including provisions for the
inclusion of women and marginalized groups
http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/Age_friendly_cities_che
cklist.pdf
We believe the proposed indicators (11.3.1 and 11.3.2) to
monitor target 11.3 are ambiguous in their relevance to target
11.3 and poorly reflect the participatory aspects of this goal
and the need for inclusive development. Instead, we suggest
additional data collection around the governance and tenure of
land and indicators linked to participation in land planning, i.e.
number of residential dialogues and participation rate in public
referendums and general elections and extent of mandatory
legislation surrounding prior informed consent and public
consultation in planning.
While the current indicator looks into how funds are provided
for to the maintenance of cultural and natural heritage, this is
not indicative whether the measure is disaster and climate
resilient. The experiences of earthquakes destroying cultural
heritage sites such as seen during the 2013 Bohol Earthquake
and the 2015 Nepal Earthquake reflects that the maintenance
of these sites are not sensitive to risks. Thus, there is a need
to have an indicator looking into how cultural heritage
maintenance is reflected in urban and regional development
plans.
Propose a new indicator: Cities and human settlements with
more than 100,000 inhabitants or with jurisdiction over a
UNESCO World Heritage Site and/or considered national
heritage sites that integrate the protection and safeguarding of
cultural and natural heritage into urban and regional
development plans.
Cultural heritage and preservation of historic buildings and
area as well
as new cultural development will be included in new plan for
cities.
Preservation of greeneries and waterbodies and biodiversity
will be
included in the sustainable development of cities.
Strongly supported
We support the proposed indicator: “Share of national (or
municipal) budget which is dedicated to preservation,
protection and conservation of national cultural natural
heritage including World Heritage sites.”
It is difficult to achieve
Recommended indicators:
Percentage of deaths from persons with disabilities among all
deaths due to disasters
Percentage of injured persons with disabilities among all
injured due to disasters
The air quality indicator also serves the health targets under
Goal 3.
This indicator should not only target the total number of green
and public spaces, but also the distribution of those spaces
along the city. This proposed indicator fails to highlight the
spatial distribution of green and public spaces and won't allow
to measure progress in the poorest and most deprived
neighbourhoods.
11.6.1 LMonitor the number of deaths/occurrence of diseases
attributable to chemicals exposure in the workplace.
11.6.2.2 Monitor the number of workers employed in sectors
with exposure to chemicals and waste where little or no
individual and collective protective measures are in place.
11.6.3 Monitor the number of job created in the field of
environmentally sound waste management and
decontamination .
11.6.4 Monitor the numbers of working days with limited or no
ability to work due to occupational chemical poisoning .
11.6.5 Monitor the number of countries that have developed
sound chemicals management corporate policies and
practices throughout the value chain, including extended
producer responsibility, communication about chemical
hazards and risks both for chemicals and chemicals in
products together with the promotion of green design and best
available techniques and best environmental practices
(BAT/BEP).
No comments
Indicators that measure sectors with a strong informal aspect,
such as solid waste management and recycling, will prove
especially difficult to attain, particularly for cities in developing
countries.
Comments:
Duplicates Indicator 3.9.1 but is less useful, since it does not
indicate % of population exposed
Recommended indicators:
a) Percentage of women participating in community
consultation processes and training regarding waste
management and air quality.
Comments:
For targets 4.a, 11.2 and 11.7, which refer to accessibility by
persons with disabilities, the indicators can be based on
existing ISO standards for accessibility to buildings or
"minimum national standards of accessibility by persons with
disabilities". The Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities refers to universal design, but there is not an
operational currently used international definition of
accessibility/universal design. Countries tend to either use
existing ISO standards or make their own assessments of
accessible schools, accessible public buildings, and
accessible transport according to national standards.
11.7.1 Monitor the provision of safe bicycle lanes or footpaths
that enable people to use no or low-carbon commuting paths.
No comments
Comments:
• Endorse World Bank’s comments as follows: “This target
should not only target the total number of green and public
spaces, but also the distribution of those spaces along the city.
This proposed indicator fails to highlight the spatial distribution
of green and public spaces. We note the critical importance of
public spaces, which include the street network, for providing
the main channel through which infrastructure such as water
pipes can be laid. Intersections per km is one way to measure
the adequacy of the street network”.
• World Bank propose this indicator as Priority 2
Suggestion on Indicator 11.7.1: Clearly define what is a public
space, because it may have different definitions in different
countries.
Since accessibility for persons with disabilities is specifically
mentioned in this target, it is necessary that the indicator takes
it into account. This would require an indicator focusing on
accessibility for persons with disabilities. Possible indicators,
among others, could be ‘Percentage of public buildings
meeting the ISO 21542:2011 standards on accessibility and
usability of the built environment’, ‘Percentage of public green
spaces (parks and recreational facilities) meeting the minimum
national standards for accessibility by persons with
disabilities’. (Interlinkages with 4.a, 11.2.)
11.7.1 Percentage of women and girls who say they ever feel
safe when in public spaces, noting under what circumstances
they do and do not feel safe
Recommend:
The average share of the green and/or open public areas of
communities, both built and natural, that are designed through
consultation with marginalized and vulnerable groups to be
freely accessible and safe for all, including women, older
persons, children and persons with disabilities.
It will be important that the link with 11.2 and 9.1 is made so
that indicators developed support integrated urban, regional,
national and transboundary planning. The proposed public
transport accessibility and use index proposed by UITP for
11.2 would help target investments that will forward an
integrated approach to sustainable transport more widely.
No comments
Proposed Indicator: 11.a.1 Cities with more than 100,000
inhabitants that implement urban and regional development
plans integrating population projections and resource needs
(UNFPA, UN-Habitat, DESA)
Comments:
• Transport confers accessibility and is an important driver
of efficient land use outcomes, particularly where management
of land development is weak. Water and power infrastructure
are also important.
• Suggest indicator be reworded to read “Cities with more
than 100,000 inhabitants that implement urban and regional
development plans integrating population projections, resource
needs, *transport, water, energy and other infrastructure*.”
• Linked to Targets 11.2 and 11.3
We suggest an alternative indicator that would remove the
threshold of city size, which is important because such a high
proportion of the world’s urban population lives in smaller and
secondary towns, and this is set to grow even more in future.
Also, we suggest some changes in wording to give greater
emphasis to inclusion of poor and vulnerable populations:
Cities and human settlements that implement urban and
regional development plans based on effective stakeholder
engagement, that includes participation from poor and
vulnerable communities, integrating population projects and
resource needs
Indicator is suitable
Program for developing good and sustainable infrastructure .
indicator % National budget dedicated to this
Suggested Indicator:
Beyond 2015 UK
Bioregional
CAFOD
Christian Aid
Consumers International
EAT Initiative
ericsson
Island Sustainability Allliance CIS 12.1.1 Monitor the number of job created in the
Inc. ("ISACI") field of environmentally sound waste
management and decontamination .
12.1.2 Monitor the numbers of working days
with limited or no ability to work due to
occupational chemical poisoning .
12.1.3 Monitor the number of countries that
have developed sound chemicals management
corporate policies and practices throughout the
value chain, including extended producer
responsibility, communication about chemical
hazards and risks both for chemicals and
chemicals in products together with the
promotion of green design and best available
techniques and best environmental practices
(BAT/BEP).
Organisation Mondiale de
l'Education Prescolaire (OMEP) UK
Partnership on Sustainable Low
Carbon Transport
Pathfinder International
Tebtebba
The Cyprus Institute Indicator suitable for purpose. Target should
include a time frame for the monitoring of the
target
Transparency International
TRK asbl
No comments No comments
Comments:
Transport is a key component of supply chains; hence,
Target 9.1 and related indicators are relevant.
Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is We regard indicators 12.3.1 and 12.3.2 as too narrowly
inadequate as it is not a full consumption-based focused on food losses downstream food supply chains
indicator. at manufacturing/processing, retail and consumer
We agree with the use of the Material Footprint stages. An indicator which captures trends in pre-
(MF) as an interim measure. However, MF is harvest food losses is an important element to consider
currently ill-defined and needs further within the context of target 12.3 and interacts with
development for long-term use, i.e via carbon sustainable agriculture and food security aspects of the
footprint modelling to adopt a consumption- SDGs. Pre-harvest losses are also a major issue in
based approach. OECD IO tables cover only developing countries.
OECD countries, rendering the use of a linked Critically, this target requires a suite of indicators which
MF indicator inadequate for global application. provide details on when and where waste is occurring
There are implications in the selection of IO within the supply chain, e.g. distinguish between
databases which must be identified and effort households throwing out food, supermarkets throwing
channelled towards improved data collection to out expired unsold goods and farmers unable to sell
inform these via national accounting. goods to traders or farm-level environmental shocks
Further clarification around the commodity disasters: Floods, hurricanes, tsunamis, drought, plant
coverage of indicators is required. Data on some pests, diseases other hazards and other hazards. An
commodity types (e.g. wood, fish) is patchy important at the consumer-level could measure the
compared to agri-commodities. Proposed amount of organic waste per capita diverted from landfill
indicators do not indicate whether natural - e.g. to Anaerobic Digestion (AD) units or other uses.
resources are being managed efficiently or
sustainably and must reflect the ambition to cut
consumption regardless of commodity
provenance. The MF is an important indicator to
develop further. SEI has broad expertise in this
area which could be lent to development of such
an indicator in future.
The target is too general. It neither specifies Indicator suitable for purpose
temporal or spatial scales for the measurement
of progress towards the achievement of the goal.
The suggested indicator falls short of measuring
sustainablly managed resource use.
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states
states the best way reach it. A solidarity the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy
cooperation policy between nations is highly between nations is highly relevant.
relevant.
There should be an indicator to compare GFLI with the
availability of electrical energy supply per nation. This is
because there is bound to be food loss if cold storage or
other forms of electricity driven preservation methods
are not in place.
World Animal Protection proposed indicator: % of
human-edible food calories produced that are
consumed as food by humans
WWF strongly supports the suggested indicator WWF supports the suggested indicator “Global Food
12.2.2 Material footprint (MF) and MF/capita. Loss Index”. It should include post-harvest losses and
This should cover for non-food production such food waste via discards and waste in the fishing sector,
as wood, cotton, mining etc. This indicator can and be disaggregated for rural and urban. Trends on the
also inform targets 8.4 and 12.5. latter would inform Target 11.6 and 12.5.
Target 12.4: By 2020, achieve the
environmentally sound management of
chemicals and all wastes throughout their
life cycle, in accordance with agreed
international frameworks, and significantly
reduce their release to air, water and soil in Target 12.5: By 2030, substantially reduce waste
order to minimize their adverse impacts on generation through prevention, reduction,
human health and the environment recycling and reuse
Originally two suggested priority indicators
were proposed but now there is only one:
"The Number of Parties to, and number of
national reports on the implementation of
international multilateral environmental
agreements on hazardous chemicals and
waste."
We continue to prefer alternative outcome-
based indicators over this process based
proposal as follows:
i) Average annual concentrations in water,
soil and agricultural products of selected toxic
chemicals resulting from human activities.
These could include some persistent and
bioaccumulative chemicals, with a focus on
those posing the greatest threats to humans
and wildlife
ii) Ambient air pollution deaths per 100,000
capita attributable to outdoor air pollution.
The first of our two proposals is similar to the
original suggested priority indicator that is not
now prioritised: "Annual average levels of
selected contaminants in air, water and soil
from industrial sources, energy generation,
agriculture, transport and wastewater and
waste treatment plants"
A modified indicator suggested by UNEP ICN supports the Indicator 12.5.1. The indicator should
under the Target 3.9 could be used here - measure the total volume or weight in order to
Death and disability from chemicals and all measure the reduction of waste generation. Efforts
wastes released to air, water and soil. should be made to reduce waste generation before
recycling.
12.4.1 Monitor the number of job created in Unsustainable consumption & production patterns are
the field of environmentally sound waste increasing air & water pollution, forest & land
management and decontamination . degradation, waste generation and the use of harmful
12.4.2 Monitor the numbers of working days chemical substances. Measure improvements by:
with limited or no ability to work due to 12.5.1 Monitoring national reports by parties to the
occupational chemical poisoning . multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous
13.4.3 Monitor the number of countries that chemicals and waste, including the Basel, Rotterdam
have developed sound chemicals & Stockholm Conventions, the ILO Chemicals
management corporate policies and practices Conventions, the International Health Regulations and
throughout the value chain, including the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
extended producer responsibility, 12.5.1 Monitor the percentage of national budget
communication about chemical hazards and allocated to the implementation of institutional, legal,
risks both for chemicals and chemicals in and regulatory frameworks for the sound management
products together with the promotion of green of chemicals and waste, including enforcement of
design and best available techniques and best national legislation and prevention of illegal traffic.
environmental practices (BAT/BEP). 12.5.2 Monitor the number of countries with
12.4.4 Monitor the number of countries that institutional, legal, and regulatory frameworks for the
have developed and implemented sound life cycle management of chemicals and
internalization of costs throughout the life wastes.
cycle of products and processes.
Data
National surveillance management system
Program of mass surveillance through
education of the population for reporting and
monitoring
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states
to states the best way reach it. A solidarity the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy
cooperation policy between nations is highly between nations is highly relevant.
relevant.
Add innovation as one of the factors for reduction of
waste generation. This is because there are many
waste products that can be converted into raw
materials for other products
The indicator must also be able to measure
governance around industrial chemical use
and pollution. Therefore, WRI recommends a
new proposed indicator: “Percent change in
the number of countries meeting obligations of
international multilateral environmental
agreements on hazardous chemicals (Basel,
Rotterdam, Stockholm, Montreal Protocol) that
also have signed the Kiev Protocol on
Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers or
other convention that ensures the proactive
release of information on industrial pollution to
air, water, and land including transfers.”
Target 12.6: Encourage companies, especially
large and transnational companies, to adopt
sustainable practices and to integrate Target 12.7: Promote public procurement practices that
sustainability information into their reporting are sustainable, in accordance with national policies
cycle and priorities
The suggested priority indicator is now a somewhat Two indicators were originally proposed, and one of these is
vague: "Number of companies publishing now the suggested priority indicator: "Number of countries
sustainability reporting." We would prefer a more implementing Sustainable Public Procurement policies and
specific indicator as follows: "Proportion of action plans." We would prefer a more outcome-based
companies with either >10,000 employees, or market indicator as follows: "Proportion of sustainable public
capitalization of > $1 billion, or sales > $1 billion that procurement in total public procurement for key product
integrate significant sustainability information into areas (e g timber, energy, food). This is very close to the
their reporting cycles." second of the originally proposed indicators, which has now
been dropped.
No comments No comments
We suggest removing “especially large and In order to monitor progress against target 12.7 there needs
transnational companies” from indicator 12. SMEs to be a very clear definition of what ‘sustainable’ means
often have better insight into full impacts of their within the context of sustainable public procurement
business activities than transnationals. This would policies. We recommend more detailed information is
also encourage wider information disclosure. collected for indicator 12.7.1 on the ‘% of procurement
Suggested indicator: 'Percentage of small and contracts certified under common sustainable
medium sized enterprises reporting non-financial labelling/procurement schemes per country. Furthermore,
information annually to government/statistical clear definitions of product groups, i.e. food, healthcare,
agencies’ councils, heavy industry’ and the level of sub-sector
Indicators linked to target 12.6 should take account disaggregation is required.
of both mandatory (number and type – climate
change, energy, employee welfare, water use, of
guidelines for corporate disclosure on environmental
and social governance) and voluntary corporate
reporting practices and procurement guidelines (from
GRI, CDP, UN Global Compact data etc.) per
country. There is also a clear need for performance-
related indicators, which not only capture levels of
corporate reporting but also actively measure trends
in the adoption of sound sustainability practice, since
the quality, depth and implementation plans may vary
between each corporate report.
Indicator suitable for the target Indicator suitable for the target
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states the
states the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy between
policy between nations is highly relevant. nations is highly relevant.
WWF supports the suggested indicator “Number of WWF supports the suggested indicator, however there
companies publishing sustainability reporting”. needs to be a clear definition of ‘sustainable procurement’,
However there needs to be a clear definition of what this could include specification of credible certification
is meant by "sustainability reporting"; this definition schemes; or commitment to zero-deforestation procurement
should refer to high quality standards such as the etc.
Global Reporting Initiative and the UN Global
Compact Global Corporate Sustainability Report.
Target 12.8: By 2030, ensure that people everywhere Target 12.a: Support developing countries to
have the relevant information and awareness for strengthen their scientific and technological
sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony capacity to move towards more sustainable
with nature patterns of consumption and production
Support the UNFPA proposal but with an amendment:
Indicator 12.8.1 Number of countries reporting inclusion of Indicator 12.a.1 Amount of spending on R&D in
sustainable development and lifestyles topics in formal developing countries, for SCP; and Indicator 12.a.2
education curricula. Number of patents granted annually in developing
The Partnership for Education and research about countries, for SCP products / innovations.
Responsible Living (PERL) http://www.livingresponsibly.org Both indicators assume that modern science and
and related UNITWIN network under UNESCO could help technology with funding and patents are the only
in the design of appropriate indicators for this target. contributors to sustainability, when local and
indigenous science may in fact be more important.
Indicator 12.8.2 Frequency of researches online for key A broader definition of sustainability science is
words with direct links with sustainable development and needed.
lifestyles.
A complementary methodology will be needed for rural
populations and indigenous peoples with inherently
sustainable lifestyles and no internet connectivity.
12.8.1 Monitor the provision of safe bicycle lanes or 12.a.1 Monitor the number of regional and
footpaths that enable people to use no or low-carbon subregional facilities established to deal with
commuting paths. hazardous waste in an environmentally sound
12.8.2. Make available to the public national reports of manner.
waste generation rates statistics (kg per capita/year) overall 12.1.2 Monitor the implementation of multilateral
and by economic sector. environmental agreements in developing countries
12.8.3 Monitor and make public the number of national and Small Island Developing States by aggregating
facilities for environmentally sound management of reports at subregional and regional levels.
hazardous wastes.
No comments No comments
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states the recommendations, papers, and data to guide to
best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy between states the best way reach it. A solidarity
nations is highly relevant. cooperation policy between nations is highly
relevant.
WWF would propose an additional/alternative
indicator: “Percentage of credibly certified
sustainable production (as defined by ISEAL
http://www.isealalliance.org/our-members) of
overall production” as proxy for ‘sustainable
production”.
Target 12.b: Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development
impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and
products
The suggested priority indicator is now: "Residual flows generated as a result of
tourism direct GDP (derived from an extended version of the System of Environmental-
Economic Accounting (SEEA) for tourism)". This says nothing about the social and
environmental impacts of tourism, only the economic impact. So we favour alternative
indicators and have proposed "A small number of impact per visitor night key indicators
that can be widely and easily used by tourism facilities and destinations in developed
and developing nations." These could include GHG emissions and water consumption,
for example.
very good
12.b.1 Monitor the number of national, regional and subregional facilities established
to deal with hazardous waste in an environmentally sound manner.
12.2.2 Monitor the number of countries that have developed and implemented
internalization of costs throughout the life cycle of products and processes so that
costs (including externalities) are matched with benefits.
No comments
On Indicator 12.b.1: Percentage of the destinations with a sustainable tourism
strategy/action plan, with agreed monitoring, development control and evaluation
arrangement ( CBB ). We regard this as an appropriate indicator but ‘sustainable
tourism’ needs to be defined with respect to national and universal hotel certification
and star grading systems/criteria.
Comments:
• IEA measure in line with World Energy Outlook, on annual basis
• GIZ undertake transport fuel prices survey every 2-3 years that is land
transport-specific
• Without subsidies being significantly reduced or removed altogether,
indicator 7.3.1 on energy efficiency will be harder to achieve
Indicator 12.c.1 for target 12.c needs to assess the national and regional (EU,
US) regulatory landscape around full-pricing of environmental externalities and
quantify levels of taxation on fossil fuel extraction and use as well as the
adoption of different market-based instruments and their implications for the
cost of pollution.
We recommend this indicator is also split by production and consumption
related subsidies to account for each separately. We note that there is no
universal agreed definition of fossil fuel subsidies which may lead to data
quality issues in comparing progress of countries against target 12.c.
Target is ill defined and confusing. It tries to encompass to many aspects
related to subsidised fossil fuel. The suggested indicator addresses the extend
of fossil fuel subsidies but does not address the efficiency in fossil fuel use.
No fossil fuel subsidies, in fact, fossil fuel and other industrial lobbies need to
be treated in teh same way (or worse as they cause more demage) as tobacco
industry
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
CiaoLapo Onlus
Clean Air Asia
Climate Change Centre Reading Public space and the buildings that surround and
define it need to be socially, economically and
environmentally sustainable. Social sustainability
requires security, equity and justice; economic
sustainability benefits from affordable capital and
operating budgets; environmental sustainability
addresses ecological and health issues. These
include clean air, water and soil, green micro-climates
and the mitigation and adaptation to the Urban Heat
Island Effect and Climate Change.
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one
essential goal, of design and planning for cultural
growth for whole societies.
ICMM and IPIECA
Overseas Development Institute As for target 1.5, this indicator has a narrow human
(ODI) loss approach, which is not able to measure resilience
and adaptive capacity.
The same indicator methodology should be used for
this as proposed for target 1.5, but selecting only for
natural hazards, not broader shocks. See the
proposal from ODI:
www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-
assets/publications-opinion-files/9780.pdf
Oxfam As for target 1.5, this indicator has a narrow human
loss approach, which is not able to measure resilience
and adaptive capacity. The same indicator
methodology should be used for this as proposed for
target 1.5, but selecting only for natural hazards, not
broader shocks.ODI has developed a good example
of how it may look like: see
http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-
assets/publications-opinion-files/9780.pdf.
Society for the Psychological Define “resilience” not only in relation to physical
Study of Social Issues; Psychology infrastructure but also mental or psychosocial
Coalition at the United Nations infrastructure, specifically highlighting training people
on positive coping behaviors and personal strengths
that can be effective in combatting climate change
and its impacts.
Somos el Presente
Stakeholder Group on Ageing Change to: Decrease in the ratio of vulnerable vs
(posted by HelpAge International) resilient (in terms of death and impact)
subpopulations to exposure of climate-related
extreme events and disasters.
TRK asbl
UNSD Education Caucus
Y Care International As for target 1.5, this indicator has a narrow human
loss approach, which is not able to measure resilience
and adaptive capacity.
The same indicator methodology should be used for
this as proposed for target 1.5, but selecting only for
natural hazards, not broader shocks.
Target 13.3: Improve education, awareness-raising
and human and institutional capacity on climate
Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction
into national policies, strategies and planning and early warning
Nitrogen fertilizer is an important driver of nitrous
oxide emissions, but it is also the main driver of yield
in modern high production systems. Through careful
selection of nitrogen fertilizer source, rate, timing and
placement practices, the nitrous oxide emissions per
unit of crop produced can be substantially reduced, in
some cases by up to half. The practices that reduce
nitrous oxide emissions also tend to increase nitrogen
use efficiency and the economic return on fertilizer
dollars.
This is a clear indicator that assesses the This indicator gives a good indication of the global
formalization of policies, strategies and planning. spread of countries that have integrated an
However, measuring the implementation of policies awareness of climate change into their school
rather than simply the communication of intent would curricula. However, it could provide misleading
provide a better indication of the direction of travel results, as it does not give any indication of the
towards achieving the target and reducing further proportion of schools that have integrated climate
temperature increase by 2030. Acknowledgement of change into their curricula. Moreover, it does not
this in the indicator will assist in promoting action account for other forms of education and awareness
before 2030, rather than planning alone. The indicator building, which are often particularly significant in less
should also include zero-carbon as well as low carbon developed countries. It also provides a limited
strategies to take into account the different levels of indication of human and institutional capacity. We
ambition expected from developed and developing therefore suggest the adjusted indicators, given
countries respectively. below.
Suggested indicator:
i. The number of countries that have successfully Suggested Indicators:
implemented nationwide policies and plans that
establish integrated low-carbon, zero-carbon, climate- i. Percentage of educational and awareness building
resilient, disaster risk reduction sustainable institutions (including schools, training establishments,
development strategies (e.g. a national adaptation community groups and others) that have integrated
plan process, national policies and measures to educational and awareness raising programs related
promote transition to environmentally-friendly to climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact
substances and technologies). The indicator reduction and early warning.
suggested for target 11.b can be used to complement
measurements of progress for target 13.2. ii. Percentage of population partaking in such
institutional activities that have taken action as a
result of these educational activities, appropriately
responding to or preparing for climatic effects.
The current proposed indicator is a very poor
measure of the target. It only considers the ‘number
of countries’, which is not nearly fine-grained/localised
enough to be useful; it only looks at the countries that
have communicated the establishment of strategies –
which says nothing about the implementation or
quality of those strategies.
We propose that the same indicator is used here as
for 11.b: Percentage of cities and human settlements
of over 100,000 people implementing risk reduction
and resilience policies that involve vulnerable and
marginalized groups in their design, implementation
and monitoring.
Data gathered by CDP's climate programs (for Data gathered by CDP's climate programs (for
companies and cities) could support tracking of companies and cities) could support tracking of
progress against this target. progress against this target.
That rather than continue deforesting, governments
invest in stimulating technological development that
can qualify a better productive use of areas that have
suffered deforestation, even using tax incentives for
entrepreneurs to develop their business in a
sustainable way while preserving what is left of forests
and using more rationally areas already deforested.
Climate change measures to be included cities and Awareness campaign in schools,community etc
surrounding regions. needed.
Strongly supported Appropriate city and regional Strongly supported Appropriate city and regional
planning can assist in achieving safer more resilient planning can assist in achieving safer more resilient
communities and can help maximise the cost benefit communities and can help maximise the cost benefit
ratios of the limited input funds ratios of the limited input funds
"environmentally-friendly substances and
technologies " needs to be defined. ICT is one of the
environmentally friendly technologies
Through careful selection of nitrogen fertilizer source,
rate, timing and placement practices, the nitrous oxide
emissions per unit of crop produced can be
substantially reduced.
The Nitrous Oxide Emission Reduction Protocol
(NERP) is a science-based protocol designed to meet
international standards for improving nitrogen
management in cropping systems and estimating the
nitrous oxide reduction associated with better nitrogen
management.
Improved nitrogen management within NERP is
delivered through a 4R Nutrient Stewardship Plan.
The 4Rs (Right Source @ Right Rate, Right Time,
Right Place®) is a science-based program, based in
sustainable agriculture that seeks to balance nutrient
management decisions within a framework of
economic, social, and environmental goals. NERP
was developed in Canada but was designed to be
flexible enough to be used anywhere in the world to
reduce emissions.
Fertilizer Canada recommends that the UN Post 2015
Sustainability goals support and promote NERP as a
solution to help integrate climate change measures
into national policies, strategies and planning.
Separate goals must all be subject to the one Separate goals must all be subject to the one
essential goal, of design and planning for cultural essential goal, of design and planning for cultural
growth for whole societies. growth for whole societies.
Indicators developed for this target are in danger of
duplicating actions that would be addressed under the
UNFCCC, which all countries have agreed is the
primary forum for addressing climate change.
Very good Exactly people need it
Comments:
• Highly relevant to cities and several targets under
Goal 11
• Target mainly focuses on adaptation. Transport is
relevant to both mitigation and adaptation, but there is
no specific target related to transport nor
acknowledgement of the role of transport in national
low-carbon development policies
Cross policy integration between ministries. Include this education on population that is
traditionally left behind, such as people with
disabilities.
We would endorse the suggested indicator as
proposed by UNEP.
Indicators linked to target 13.2 must assess both On indicator 13.3.1: An outcome indicator would be
climate change (CC) mitigation and adaptation efforts. better here than the proposed one focusing on
With respect to mitigation, national strategies for national self-reporting on education curricula. For
reduction of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants also have example, surveys of the general population on
a role to play, especially in mitigating near-term CC. awareness about climate change. Possibly questions
Quantification of benefits of taking action on human of this kind could be integrated in regular, international
health, crop yields, and ecosystem structure and public opinion polls like the World Values Survey.
function is required to capture national efforts to Alternatively, the research community could be
reduce carbon emission. Potential opportunity for incentivised to measure. This would show the
consolidating indicators and improving linkages penetration and effect of various educational
between goal measurement, with food security (goal measures.
2), health/well-being (goal 3) and terrestrial Currently, It is unclear what would be the source of
ecosystem health (goal 15). information for this indicator. Also, the indicator (and
Recommendation for 13.2.1 to be separated into No. the target as such) do not specify if all of the elements
of countries that have formally communicated an need to be addressed (mitigation, adaptation, impact
adaptation (indicator 13.2.1a) and a low-carbon/low- reduction and early warning). Finally, it is not clear
emissions (indicator 13.2.1b) strategy to convey what impact reduction and early warning are referring
adaptation and mitigation efforts. Indicator on to. In sum, this would not be clearly measurable.
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions may be On indicator: 13.3.2 Scale will need to be developed
clearest for this target. to assess knowledge and awareness of climate
Another indicator would be the number of countries change. One often neglected indicator for assessing
that have formally reported that they have established the effectiveness of early warning is the percentage of
governmental coordination mechanisms for CC. people responding to warning information.
The current proposed indicator is a very poor
measure of the target. It only considers the ‘number
of countries’, which is not nearly fine-grained/localised
enough to be useful; it only looks at the countries that
have communicated the establishment of strategies –
which says nothing about the implementation or
quality of those strategies.
We propose that the same indicator is used here as
for 11.b: Percentage of cities and human settlements
of over 100,000 people implementing risk reduction
and resilience policies that involve vulnerable and
marginalized groups in their design, implementation
and monitoring.
In relation to climate change, Naomi Klein (2015) has Not mitigation adaptation and reduction but complete
commented: “Our current economic system is both elimination of root causes - and strict prohibition of
fueling the climate crisis and actively preventing us industrial/fossil fuels lobbies
from taking the necessary actions to avert it.” If the
rhetoric of economic sustainability persists, this will
result in nothing more than helping to ‘sustain the
unsustainable’ - thus resilience and adaptation rather
than addressing root causes which is oil dependency
Number of developing countries that have formally
communicated the establishment of integrated
(including land use) low-carbon, climate-resilient,
disaster risk reduction development strategies with
2030 and 2050 timelines, commensurate with national
mitigation commitments communicated under the
UNFCCC, or higher.
As the INDCs are submitted to the ADP framework, What is missing, public participation, public
Post 2015 a global success needs to be monitored, engagement, transparency and easy access to
take advantage of the data already in place including information and resources, 13.3 is very dependent
National Strategies, Plans of Action, etc.since 1993 upon environmental education, learning and
and adjusted for the MDGs and SD in the 2000s, plus understanding through international cooperation and
UNEP's Division on Policy and Environmental coordination, CBDR.
Education and Training has conducted a global
survey among nation states that provides further
baseline data and more. Implementation of every
climate change policy framework, work programme,
plan of action, and means of implementation depends
upon a common denominator. Post- 2015
development requires that environmental education,
as a policy instrument is the key concept and shared
focus of preparing society as a whole for climate
change.
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states
the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy
between nations is highly relevant. between nations is highly relevant.
1) Indicators should measure both the existence and
the impact of climate change measures. This includes
quality and inclusiveness of strategies and related
initiatives. Recommend:
13.2.1 Number of countries which have formally 13.3.1 Number of countries that have integrated
reviewed their nationally policies, strategies and mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early
planning in order to mainstream and indicate climate warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula
change measures.
Suggested Indicator:
Data gathered by CDP's climate programs (for companies and cities) could
support tracking of progress against this target.
Comment: Current proposal does not reflect the agreement to mobilise finance
‘BY 2020’.
Strongly supported
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential goal, of design and
planning for cultural growth for whole societies.
I totally agree with it. It is very good strategy that the commitment of United
Nations to implement Green Climate Fund
No comments
a) USD of new and additional climate finance mobilised from developed to
developing countries.
b) USD available in new and additional public climate finance.
c) Systems for the necessary funding of NAPs for LDC-countries and others
according to the Cancun agreements on adaptation in place.
d) Share of climate funding allocated to adaptation.
We suggest modifying indicator 13.a.1 in line with target 13.a) which states that
100 billion dollars annually should be mobilized before 2020.The amount of
finance provided by each country per year should be reported in relation with
areas of funding allocation. For example, the amount of finance allocated in
mitigation and adaptation activities, projects in cooperation with Indigenous
Peoples and local communities, etc.The amount of finance provided by
developed countries should also be disaggregated in relation with the
groups/organizations that the public finance aims to support. For example, the
amount of finance allocated in adaptation and mitigation activities within areas
habited by Indigenous Peoples and local communities. - We suggest adding
international funding: “percentage of GCF funded projects finalized and sustained
afterwards through national and international funding to produce climate neutral
solutions”.
On indicator 13.a.1: This indicator is not clear in its current state. An improved
indicator would simply be the amount of money put in the Green Climate Fund.
Measurement can start before 2020.
On indicator 13.a.2: projects are rarely 'finalized' and it will be hard to determine
'sustained afterwards through national funding'.
Within this target we would also like to see assessments of indirect sources of
investment which could improve climate change mitigation, i.e. investment in low-
carbon infrastructure (energy, transport, housing) and FDI links to green
infrastructure development. There is also a clear need for a consensus definition
of 'climate finance' and what counts towards the 100 billion target. SEI’s Climate
Finance initiative could provide further information with respect to indicator
development for this target.
Indicator is fit for purpose
Monitoring of the pledge to raise the 100 billion now?
13.a.1 Mobilized amount of USD per year starting in 2020 accountable towards
the USD 100 billion commitment
Climate finance should be specifically marked and tracked in order to assure that
it is predictable and additional to resources provided towards existing aid
commitments (such as the 0.7% target) or to current flows where these aid
commitments are already being met.
The suggested indicator does not reflect the intent of the target. WWF proposes
to amend the indicator to read “Mobilized amount of USD per year by 2020
accountable towards the developed country parties commitment to address the
needs of developing countries for mitigation and adaptation action.”
Target 13.b: Promote mechanisms for raising
capacity for effective climate change-related
planning and management in least developed
countries, including focusing on women, youth
and local and marginalized communities
This is a clear indicator, however it seeks only to
provide a measurement of the LDCs receiving
support, rather than those successfully implementing
such support.
Suggested Indicator:
No comments
Suggest to add "...including focusing on women,
youth and local and marginalized communities,
providing sexual and reproductive health information
and incorporating the Population, Health,
Environment (PHE) integrated approach"
We suggest adding: “number of LDCs that are
receiving specialized support for mechanisms for
raising capacities for effective climate change related
planning, including focusing on women, youth,
indigenous peoples, local and marginalized
communities”. Indicator 13.b should be disaggregated
by target groups. In this way, it would be possible to
determine how much support is giving to Indigenous
Peoples, local communities, women and young
independently, and direct support to groups that are
left behind. The indicator should be disaggregated by
source of financing. In this way, it would be possible to
determine the percentage of programs and
mechanisms financing through public or international
funding. The indicator should be disaggregated by the
criteria of gender within Indigenous Peoples.
Therefore, we suggest adding the following indicator:
“consider the percentage of women within Indigenous
Peoples that participate in the different mechanisms
for raising capacity for effective climate change-
related planning in LDC”.
13.b.1 Number of LDCs that are receiving specialized
support for mechanisms for raising capacities for
effective climate change related planning and
management, including focusing on women and girls,
youth, local and marginalized communities and the
national and local DRR coordination mechanism has
a gender equity policy that supports women’s and
girls’ full and equal participation in DRR planning and
leadership opportunities
World Bank
EAT Initiative New Proposed Indicator: Area eutrophicated vs. total national
water area separate
freshwater bodies and coastal
Alterations to nutrient cycles, primarily nitrogen and
phosphorus used in agriculture industries have caused
widespread eutrophication of inland and coastal waters. This
eutrophication has driven changes in trophic structure and
formation of anoxic and hypoxic environments in bottom
waters at global scales (Diaz R, Rosenberg R, 2008). An
indicator that measures eutrophication is a critical indicator to
measure SDG target 14.1 by 2025, prevent and significantly
reduce marine pollution of all kinds, particularly from land-
based activities, including marine debris and nutrient
pollution. Primary Data Source World Resources Institute,
UNEP, OECD and some NSO’s Tier I: Methodology exists,
data widely available. However, some data gaps do exist and
need to be mapped.
Global Ocean Commission The indicator should not be restricted to nutrient pollution as
Target 14.1. has a broader scope.
International Fertilizer Industry The proposed indicator doesn’t meet relevancy criteria.
Association (IFA) Fertilizer use need not result in nutrient pollution. Nutrient
stewardship, applying the right fertilizer at the right rate, right
time and right place minimizes environmental impact.
Focusing on fertilizer use detracts from dealing with overall
marine pollution. Focusing on fertilizer use as an indicator of
nutrient pollution could have a negative impact on food
security – e.g. in Sub Saharan Africa where fertilizer
application is often deficient, resulting in low yields and soil
degradation. Discouraging fertilizer use could damage
implementation of Goals 1, 2, 15. Indicator 6.3.2 (Water
Quality Index) includes nitrogen and phosphorus content of
water and is a more accurate measure of water quality. The
proposed indicator for 6.3.2 could also be used for 14.1. The
Indicator of Coastal Eutrophication Potential (ICEP), based
on measured inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in
estuaries, is a possible alternative.
Somos el Presente
Stockholm Environment Institute On indicator 14.1.1: Fertiliser consumption as an indicator in
isolation seems a poor indicator related to marine pollution.
We assume it would be cost effective to install remote
monitoring systems to monitor dissolved nitrogen content
and/or dissolve oxygen content which would provide better
proxies for marine pollution due to fertiliser run-off.
Furthermore nitrogenous loving plants presents a potential
indicator of nitrogen enrichment in coastal areas. We also
recommend the use of a nutrient use efficiency indicator, (i.e.
as efficiency increases eutrophication should decrease).
There are also potentially useful global datasets for eutrophic
rivers and coastal dead zones to support this indicator.
Tebtebba
The 5 Gyres Institute The 5 Gyres Institute is a leading global researcher on plastic
pollution in the oceans, and an advocate for solutions that
include creating policies to ban single use plastics,
encourage EPR, reduce plastic use in products/packaging,
consumer education and waste management strategies.
The Cyprus Institute Indicator may not directly represent the nitrogen ending up in
the sea but is a close proxy
Suggested additional indicators: "Red list Index (impacts of
pollution on marine species)
The Fertilizer Institute The proposed indictor is inappropriate for assessing pollution
from “all kinds” of land based activities. Fertilizer
consumption focuses on nutrient loss from agriculture, which
by recent estimates only accounts for 25 to 30% of global
annual nitrogen input to marine systems. A sole focus on
fertilizer detracts from assessing other forms of nutrient loss.
Also, fertilizer use varies by crop, yield, soil type, climate and
other factors; and recommended application rates vary even
within local regions, making fertilizer consumption an
inaccurate indicator. Due to nutrient cycling via microbial,
physical and chemical processes within the soil, only a
fraction of surplus nutrients end up in surface water. Again,
making fertilizer consumption an inaccurate indicator.
Regarding agricultural fertilizers, a nutrient balance would be
more relevant. An indicator of use efficiency reflecting the
input, output, the output/input ratio, and the surplus/deficit
ratio is more accurate and it could also be used for Goal 2.
The Hague University of Applied Sustainable USE is again very anthropocentric.
Science
The critical observers have observed however, that
implementation of many of these goals are likely in fact to
exacerbate environmental crisis and result in victimising
nonhuman species. Just as sustainable development,
especially in a sense of ‘sustaining growth’, has been
branded to be an oxymoron and exacerbate ecological
injustice between species, privileging human welfare over
concerns with other species.
Transparency International
TRK asbl Rule and regulation AND penalties more strict aiming for zero
tolerance for industrial misconduct.
USIL This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states the
best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy between
nations is highly relevant.
World Animal Protection World Animal Protection supports the use of proposed
indicator 14.1.2 - Metric tonnes per year of plastic materials
entering the ocean from all sources
WWF The suggested indicator “Nitrogen use efficiency” does not
adequately reflect the intent of the target. WWF suggests to
replace it with the suite of HELCOM (Baltic Marine
Environment Protection Commission) indicators in order to
capture a more comprehensive set of pollution indicators.
Data are collected by regional seas organisations and
national coastal management organisations. WWF supports
proposed indicator 14.1.2 on the understanding that “all
sources” includes non-land based sources. Vessel based
garbage into sea could be measured via proxy: MARPOL
Annex V ratified and implemented by all flag states.
Indicators for 14.1 can also be used to inform targets 6.3 and
6.6. The Red List Index and Living Planet Index of species
threatened by pollution would also be of use and have
interlinkages with other targets.
Target 14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect
marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant
adverse impacts, including by strengthening their
resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to
achieve healthy and productive oceans
Given the significant overlap with Target 14.5, GOC suggests
considering an action oriented-approach on regional
management measures for Target 14.2, such as: [Number of
RFMOs carrying out independent performance reviews to
assess, in particular, whether the ecosystem-approach and
the precautionary principle are upheld] and/or [Number of fish
species and fish stocks commercially exploited with no catch
limit assigned by any Regional Fisheries Management
Organizations or Arrangements].
Agreed
Good
14.2.1. Use chemical-free alternatives for disinfection of
potable water for Small Island Developing States, to avoid
further environmental problems created by chlorinating &
fluoridating municipal water which adversely impat the coral
reefs which protect them from storm surges.
14.2.2 Avoid sewage-outfalls into the ocean by promoting
engineered wetlands for wastewater treatment.
Agreed
Very good
Indicator 14.3.2 Coral coverage.
For an operational indicator, representative sites should be
selected where there is already good long-term data on coral
coverage for several decades, and follow these to determine
long-term trends and smooth out natural short-term
variations. The International Society for Reef Studies could
help identify sites.
No coments
Agreed
Good
May be made simple to understand and short
Agreed
Good
No comments
We suggest to alter the indicator to read "%cover of
protected areas of
marine sites of particular importance for biodiversity" in order
to be in line and monitor the progress of the goal of the target
for conservation of "... 10% of coastal and marine areas...",
while focusing on sites of particular interest.
This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states the
best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy between
nations is highly relevant.
WWF supports the indicator of Coverage of protected areas
(linked to 6.6, 14.2, 14.5, 15.1, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5) but this must
be supplemented with additional BIP indicators to give the full
picture: the Living Planet Index (also 6.6, 14.1, 14.2, 14.4,
15.1, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7, 15.8) and PA management
effectiveness (6.6, 14.2, 15.1, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5). It is also
important to ensure representativeness
(coherence/connectivity) of Protected Areas and we support
IUCN’s comments on 14.5.2 and the need to link to Key
Biodiversity Areas. Other possible indicators include those
under Aichi Target 11 indicators.
Target 14.6: By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies
which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate
subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated
fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing
that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for
developing and least developed countries should be an integral part
of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
Suggested indicator: “negative” fisheries subsidies is not language agreed
by the international community.
Agreed
Good
To be shortened
Good
No comments
Very important to do it
Already mentioned above in 14.a
Indicator is fit for purpose
This target must be completed by a group of recommendations,
papers, and data to guide to states the best way reach it. A solidarity
cooperation policy between nations is highly relevant.
Target 14.b: Provide access for small-scale artisanal
fishers to marine resources and markets
Agreed
Good
No comments
Indicator 14.b.2: By 2030, increase by X% the proportion of
global fish catch from sustainable managed small scale
fisheries", better captures the essence of the target than the
suggested indicator "Percentage of catches that are subject
to a catch documentation scheme or similar
traceability system as a percentage of the total catches that
are less than x tons and traded in major markets", which
addresses mainly the traceability of fisheries and not the
source.
This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states the
best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy between
nations is highly relevant.
WWF suggests moving the suggested indicator to 14.4 and
replacing it with “Improved capacity (number/proportion of
trained staff) within key stakeholders to manage small scale
fisheries and enhance coordination and collaboration
between fisheries and policy management institutions.”
Source FAO voluntary guidelines for small scale fisheries.
Target 14.c: Enhance the conservation and sustainable
use of oceans and their resources by implementing
international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides
the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable
use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in
paragraph 158 of The Future We Want
Propose alternative to indicator 14.c.2: Number of countries
implementing legal rights to examine the use and protection
of marine resources by the civil society
This indicator will strengthen the involvement of the civil
society in the implementation of the Sustainable
Development Goal 14 and is reflecting the status of the
oceans as a common heritage in the spirit of UNCLOS.
[Number of relevant flag States having ratified relevant
RFMOs - indicator also applicable to Target 14.2]
[Number of States having ratified the UNFSA agreement -
indicator also applicable to Target 14.2]
[Number of RFMOs effectively assigning all catch quotas in
accordance with scientific advice - indicator also applicable to
Target 14.2]
[Number of ratifications to the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) Port States Measures Agreement
(PSMA) and number of port States developing supporting
domestic legislation - indicator also applicable to Target 14.4]
[Number of countries conducting Environment Impact
Assessments as a pre-condition to allow their vessels to
pursue bottom fishing in the high seas - indicator also
applicable to Target 14.4]
Agreed
I agree with it
No comments
We suggest to alter the indicator to: "% of countries
implementing either legally or programmatically the
provisions set out in regional seas protocols and ratification
and implementation of the ILO Maritime and Fisheries
Conventions, disaggregated by location and GDP"
This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states the
best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy between
nations is highly relevant.
WWF suggests amending the suggested indicator to add
other relevant agreements: ‘Number of countries
implementing the provisions set out in all relevant
agreements and instruments (including UN Fish Stocks
Agreement, IMO MARPOL and annexes, Cape Town
Agreement, STWC-F, FAO Port State Measures Agreement,
ILO Labour in Fishing Agreement, the UNGA annual oceans
and fisheries resolutions).
Target 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation,
restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and
inland freshwater ecosystems and their services,
in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and
drylands, in line with obligations under
Organization: international agreements
Bioregional
Island Sustainability Allliance CIS 15.5.1 Monitor the number of unmanaged obsolete
Inc. ("ISACI") pesticide stockpiles and improperly managed waste
disposal sites.
15. 5.2 Monitor the percentage of hazardous wastes
and other wastes, including obsolete stockpiles of
pesticides, recovered, reused and recycled, including
for energy generation.
15.5.3 Monitor the number of facilities for
environmentally sound management of hazardous
waste
15.5.4 Monitor the levels of hazardous chemical &
heavy metal pollutants in freshwater ecosystems
Kepa Finland a) Annual change in forest area and land under
cultivation.
b) Percentage of ecosystems and services protected.
Oxfam
Pathfinder International
Rainforest Foundation Norway Ind. 15.1.1: RFN supports this indicator, but
suggests that it is supplemented by an indication of
percentage of forest lands and total area (thousands
of hectares) recognized as indigenous lands and
forest lands under collective owner- or user rights by
forest communities.
Ind. 15.1.2: “Forest area as a percentage of land
area”, based on the FAO definition of forest, does not
capture “conservation, restoration and sustainable
use” as set out in the target.
This indicator must be broken down according to
1) forest types (extent of tree plantations, extent of
natural forest and of intact/primary forest, and by
categories of canopy cover), and
2) by user categories (industrial logging areas
(including areas under reduced impact logging),
protected areas, indigenous lands and community
forest).
Track 0
Women's Major Group 15.1.1 Forest area as a percentage of total land area
(disaggregate by types -- national, community,
protected and private)
FAO
Good Good
On: Indicator 15.2.2 Forest cover under Agree with the use of satellite data and
sustainable forest management ( BBA ) could harnessing remote sensing data to monitor
be measured via the assessment of % of progress against 15.3
forest under sustainable certification
according to common certification systems –
Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance etc.using
multi-regional input-output tales, physical
production data and global financial
information.
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group
recommendations, papers, and data to guide of recommendations, papers, and data to
to states the best way reach it. A solidarity guide to states the best way reach it. A
cooperation policy between nations is highly solidarity cooperation policy between
relevant. nations is highly relevant.
WWF suggests the indicator “Area of forest
under Sustainable Management Certification”.
Certification is geographically precise and is a
strong verifier of better levels of management.
PEFC and FSC schemes currently cover 400
million ha -- a decent proportion of the world's
production forests, and this portion should
grow if forest management improves in line
with the SDG target. While this is only
around 10% of total forests, it could be as
much as 40% of forests under active
management. This indicator could be
complemented by FAO’s proposed index
which would ensure that no areas are
excluded, i.e. production systems where
certification is not feasible due to high
transaction costs. It could also be
supplemented with additional BIP indicators
to provide a larger picture of the extent of
sustainable management and the reduction in
forest loss (e.g. The Living Planet Index, Red
List Index, PA cover and PA management
effectiveness).
Target 15.4: By 2030, ensure the Target 15.5: Take urgent and
conservation of mountain ecosystems, significant action to reduce the
including their biodiversity, in order to degradation of natural habitats, halt
enhance their capacity to provide benefits the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020,
that are essential for sustainable protect and prevent the extinction of
development threatened species
Two indicators were originally proposed:
1) Red List Index and 2) Living Planet
Index. The first of these is now the
suggested priority indicator.
We agree with using this proposed
indicator, but we also favour two
supporting indicators required to give a
fuller picture of the key issue of habitat
and biodiversity loss: 1) the Living Planet
Index and 2) The area of forest under
sustainable forest management as a
percentage of forest area
Good Good
We agree with IUCN that this indicator needs Both indicators are species-rather than
to incorporate the term montane biodiversity, habitat focused. An additional indicator
just knowing an area is protected is not that would cover part of the 'degradation
sufficient. Additional data on the measurement of habitats', part of the target, and which
of HCV habitats in mountain ecosystems could be generated from country-
presents an additional indicator for assessing provided or remote-sensing information,
conservation efforts in mountain ecosystems – might be the percentage land-coverage
although this may be data deficient for global of different habitat classifications (i.e.
application. biomes) - perhaps in line with WWF's
'eco-region' classifications or similar.
Further databases to be exploited
include: WWF Ecoregions; World
Database of Protected Areas (WDPA);
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) sourced
from the World Biodiversity Database
(WBDB); Alliance for Zero Extinction
(AZE); IUCN Protected Area
Management Categories; IUCN Red List
of Threatened Species; Ramsar
Convention; Species listed under the
CITES convention and data acquired
from High Conversation Value (HCV)
sites (although HCV data is locally-
specific so globally patchy).
Indicator is fit for purpose Indicator is fit for purpose
Suggested Indicators:
Data gathered by CDP's forest programs for companies could Data gathered by CDP's forest programs for
support tracking of progress against this target companies could support tracking of
progress against this target
Of course
We suggest to consider the next indicators: Number of mixed multi-
actor funds established to support environmental conservation
activities.
To monitor that this process does not drive into the payment for There is no evidence of a relation between
ecosystem services, which may have challenges related to SFM funding and reduced forest loss.
biodiversity loss and the violation of rights of indigenous peoples Collective action of Indigenous Peoples and
and local communities, especially marginalized groups such as local communities contribute significantly to
women. conservation and restoration in non-financial
ways and is a very low-cost and cost
effective way of sustainable forest
management. It should be ensured
Indigenous peoples and local communities
are also benefitting from such financial
incentive for restoration and enhanced
biodiversity conservation. However, this
should not be taken as means of payment for
ecosystem services but rather as recognition
for the contributions that IPLCs already make
to conservation.
Notice! It should be kept in mind that the SDGs are universal. Thus,
the indicator should indicate the amount of funding for biodiversity
conservation worldwide, not only in poor countries. This is truly a
universal goal!
very important
15.2.c. We consider fundamental to include a
specific indicator on the sustainable practices
and management of local communities to match
the ambition of the Targets, which explicitly
mentions them as primary actors. We therefore
fully support current indicator 15.2.c, and only
suggest a slight revision in the formulation:
“Existence and quality of policies and
regulations that legally protect and enhance
sustainable practices and management by
women and men pastoralists, farmers, and
fishers, forest dwellers on common lands,
including national and trans-national mobility”.
This is essentially an output indicator, and
therefore feasible, cost-effective and easy to
use. Countries will be encouraged to enhance
their legislation, track progress on their
implementation, and share best practices in a
constructive way. This indicator has strong
inter-linkages across the Agenda, being one of
the few that really links poverty with planet
stewardship.
We agree with UNDCC on use of CITES data
as an acceptable indicator data source.
The suggested indicator is already suggested
for target 15.7. We suggest the adoption of
Indicator 15.c.2: "Extent to which sustainable
practices and management by women and men
pastoralists, farmers, fishers, forest dwellers on
common lands, including national and trans-
national mobility, are legally protected and
enhanced by policies and regulations"which
capture the ecological and socio-economic
aspect of the poaching and trafficking
challenge.
This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to
states the best way reach it. A solidarity
cooperation policy between nations is highly
relevant.
Organization: Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of
ADD International
CBM UK
Center for Economic and Social
Rights
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
Columbia Law School Human
Rights Institute
Equality Now
ericsson
Handicap International
IDDC
Indedependent consultant,
formerly with Statistics Norway,
International Labour Office and
Norwegian Directorate of
Immigration
Suggestions:
=>
c) This indicator should not discourage
reporting.
g) Measuring public perception of security is of
value. Gallups on
perception of safety already collected in 135
countries (see SDSN).
Lumos
MADE
Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare 1. Disaggregated data of violent crime rate
Organization (NNDSWO) (intentional homicide, assault and sexual
violence, including attempts) per 100,000
population [proposed due to gender bias of
homicide rate] – age, sex, disability, race, caste,
ethnicity, social origin, religion and economic
and other status and, conflict and intentional
homicide.
2. Percentage of reported cases increased by
50%
3. Percentage of conviction increased by 80%
in Trial court.
4. Ensuring 100% appeal process at the
higher courts.
5. Percentage of FIR filed increase by 50%
6. Charge-sheeting increased by 50%
7. Disaggregated data on criminal justice
administration based on every point of
complaint filing, FIR registration, investigation,
CG filing, trial, acquittal/ conviction and appeal.
8. Budgetary allocation for Criminal justice
administration especially when deals with crime
against socially excluded groups based on age,
sex, disability, race, caste, ethnicity, social
origin, religion and economic and other status
and, conflict and intentional homicide.
Newcastle University, Institute for
Sustainability
OneFamilyPeople
Open Society Justice Initiative
Oxfam
Plan International
Post-2015 volunteering Working
Group
Sightsavers
Signatory organizations: United 16.1.1 Conflict-related deaths, injuries, assaults,
Nations Foundation, Plan exploitation, forced inscription, trafficking,
International, Girl Effect, CARE, torture and degrading/inhumane treatment per
International Women's Health 100,000 people by cause and type of
Coalition, Girls Not Brides, World perpetrator
Association of Girl Guides and Girl
Scouts, European Parliamentary DATA SOURCE: Estimates of conflict related
Forum, International Center for death is collected by the IISS Armed Conflict
Research on Women, Advocates Database, the UCDP Battle-Related Deaths
for Youth, FHI360, Equality Now, Dataset, PRIO Battle-Deaths Data and WHO.
Mercy Corps, Let Girls Lead,
International Rescue Committee GLOBAL MONITORING ENTITY: Data on
conflict-related deaths is collected by the IISS
Armed Conflict Database, the UCDP Battle-
Related Deaths Dataset, PRIO Battle-Deaths
Data and WHO estimates of deaths by cause.
Society for the Psychological Data on all forms of violence and related
Study of Social Issues; Psychology deaths, disaggregated by gender, age, race,
Coalition at the United Nations ethnicity, indigenous identity, income,
rural/urban residence, national origin, and
migration status.
Tebtebba
The International Legal Foundation
Women Access Trust Organisation There should be an indicator to point out the
Of Nigeria percentage of increase or reduction in conflict
related cases in courts
Women for Women's Human Rights 16.1 Number of countries which have 1) set up
- New Ways monitoring mechanism against all forms of
violence; and 2) enacted and strengthened the
enforcement of
laws addressing and punishing all forms of
violence, including gender-based violence
Women's Major Group 16.1.1 1) Reduction in homicide deaths, civilian
deaths during armed conflict, incidents of
torture and inhumane and degrading treatment,
incidents of domestic and child abuse; and 2)
Increase in people's perception of safety.
The Expert Group’s Aspects to consider: •Incorporation Aspects to consider: - Adoption of and
recommendations need to take a and implementation of the compliance with the UN Convention
broader focus with respect to the Declaration on the Rule of Law , against Trans-National Organized
targets: •Date of entry into force and Crime, Signature, ratification and
coverage of legislation guaranteeing reporting on the implementation of the
• Percentage of young adults non-discriminatory access to courts UN Arms Trade Treaty, Actions taken to
aged 18-24 years who have (eg for unaccompanied women, improve management of arms
experienced violence by age 18, children and migrants) [OHCHR], stockpiles, nationally/internationally
by type (physical, psychological •The availability of independent
and/or sexual) judicial or administrative mechanisms
• Ratification and implementation that have the power to provide
of the UN Convention on the remedy in an instance of non-
Rights of the Child compliance with human rights
• Ratification of and compliance standards that are relevant to the
with the UN Convention against development goals
Trans-National Organized Crime •Proportion of people whose human
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress rights related to the post 2015 goals
and Punish Trafficking in Persons are protected under the national law
Especially Women and Children. and have access to an available
• Ratification and implementation effective remedy (National Census
of relevant fundamental ILO data)
labour conventions and standards •Proportion of national laws and
including No.182 and compliance policies relevant to post 2015 goals
in law and practice that have been reviewed nationally
• Date of entry into force and for consistency with international
coverage of legal frameworks that human rights standards, through a
guarantee the right to education transparent and participatory
for all children for early childhood process, including a transformative
and basic education, and that gender assessment, and revised
guarantee a minimum age of where necessary, •Percentage of
entry to employment not below people who have experienced a
the years of basic education dispute and been able to (i) access
• Formation of national and an adequate dispute resolution
local strategies and policies to mechanism and (ii) obtain an
combat child labour including effective remedy,
elimination of the worst forms and
other forms of exploitation.
It is important that the indicators
measure the perceived fairness of
justice processes and legal service
providers. We propose:
➢ Percentage of people who live
within reasonable reach of affordable
and effective basic legal service
providers and of a justice institution
whose resolutions are fair, timely and
enforced
➢ Percentage of people who
express confidence in justice
systems and dispute resolution
(formal and informal), disaggregated
by gender, location, etc.
➢ Existence of a right to
information law that establishes 1)
citizens’ access to information,
including laws, budgets and
expenditures; 2) defines a time limit
for responding to RTI requests; and
3) establishes a mechanism for
appeal in the event of denial
➢ Proportion of requests for
information lodged and answered
fully in a reasonable amount of time
(X days)
➢ Existence of legal aid services
that are affordable, fair and timely,
including for family law and
complaints of gender-based violence
na - see 16.4 only na - see 16.4 only Indicator 16.4.1 Total volume of inward
and outward illicit financial flows. I am
engaged in an in-depth country study of
illicit financial flows and now understand
the concept and the methods used in
multi-country studies. These are entirely
inadequate: the methods used do not
measure illicit financial flows (mostly
they are based on imputing that errors
and mismatches in balance of
payments data represent illicit flows).
Very intensive individual-country data
collection and analysis is required for
the generation of estimates of illicit
flows that might be meaningful.
[NM: Cord] Cord recommends [NM: Cord] Cord recommends that [NM: Cord] Cord wishes to edit the first
that the first suggested indicator the first suggested indicator should suggested indicator as follows: Total
should be withdrawn as it appears be edited as follows: value of inward and outward illicit
to fail to add value in support of financial flows (in current US$); by
Target 16.2. Percentage of victims of violence in country, and to add an additional
We also recommend that the the previous 12 months who have indicator:
second suggested indicator reported their success in accessing a
should be re-worded as follows: dispute resolution mechanism that Total value of inward and outward illicit
Number of detected and non- has upheld the rule of law, and that arms flows (in current US$); by country
detected children as victims of provided an inclusive route to justice
human trafficking per 100,000; by and accountability; by sex, age, Cord argues that this indicator is
sex, age, location, population location, and population group. required in order to address the
group, and form of exploitation, challenge of illicit arms flows in the
and instances where article 35 of Cord would also recommend that the same way as illicit financial flows.
the Convention on the Rights of current suggested indicator, Cord also wishes to edit the second
the Child (CRC) have been concerned with unsentenced suggested indicator as follows:
breached. detainees, be withdrawn in favour of Percentage of seized and collected
the following two indicators: firearms that are recorded and traced,
We also recommend that the in accordance with international
following three additional Percentage of those who have standards and legal instruments; by
indicators be included: experienced a dispute in the country
previous 12 months, not related to
Number of detected and non- violence, who have reported their
detected children as victims of success in accessing a dispute
torture per 100,000; by sex, age, resolution mechanism that has
location, population group, form of upheld the rule of law, and that
torture, and instances where provided an inclusive route to justice
articles 37 and 39 of the CRC, and accountability; by sex, age,
and the Convention Against location, and population group.
Torture more generally, have been Percentage of people who voice
breached; confidence in their national judicial
systems; by sex, age, location, and
Number of children below the age population group
of 18 recruited as child soldiers
per 100,000; by sex, age, This text has been partly informed by
location, and population group, Saferworld.
and instances where article 38 of
Proposed indicators:
"Percentage of children aged 1-14
years who experienced any
physical punishment by
caregivers in the past month."
"Violent punishment of children is
prohibited in all settings of
children’s lives including the
family home."
Rationale:
Ending violent punishment, the
most common form of violence
against children, is fundamental to
creating peaceful, non-violent
societies. The well-established
human rights imperative to
prohibit all corporal punishment
has led to accelerating progress
around the world: 46 countries
have now prohibited all corporal
punishment including the family
home and 51 are committed to do
so.
Violent punishment is widespread
in states in all regions. UNICEF's
major 2014 report "Hidden in
Plain Sight" which used data from
62 countries found that 80% of
children aged 2-14 had
experienced violent “discipline” at
home in the past month.
Prohibiting corporal punishment is
essential in ending all abuse and
violence against children.
Revision in existing indicator:
Percentage of children aged 1-18
years who experienced physical
or sexual or psychological
violence by
caregivers/supervisors in the past
month
The 1st priority indicator advances - Priority Indicator 2: The number of Tax
rule of law and access to justice, is Information Exchange Agreements
simple to understand, is currently ratified by jurisdiction
gathered through surveys and is
available for 107 countries. It Tax Information Exchange Agreements
captures criminal justice as well. (TIEAs) allow tax administrators to
better detect tax avoidance and
- Priority indicator 2: Percentage of evasion. Thus, the larger a
total remandees who have been held jurisdiction’s TIEA treaty network, the
in detention for more than 6 months less likely it should be for that
while awaiting trial, sentencing or a jurisdiction to be used to facilitate illicit
final disposition financial flows.
.
No of countries that have in place
procedures for effective remedy in
cases of human rights violation
Percentage of recommendations to
strengthen national anti-corruption
frameworks (institutional and
legislative), access to information, and
government transparency
implemented, as identified through the
UNCAC Implementation Review
Mechanism; by service and location
2. REMOVE: 'Proportion of
countries that address young
people's multisectoral needs with
their national development plans
and poverty reduction strategies'.
This indicator only measures
representativeness and
responsiveness to one social group
(youth). It is too specific.
•Date of entry into force and coverage of domestic •International human rights treaties, relevant to the
laws, policies and standard for free and universal birth right to freedom of opinion and expression and
registration information ratified by the State [OHCHR]
•Date of entry into force and coverage of domestic
•Ratification and implementation of the Convention on laws for implementing the right to freedom of opinion
the Rights of the Child and expression and information, including availability
of judicial review of any decision taken by the State to
•Reported awareness of obligation to report births, restrict right to freedom of opinion and expression and
importance of reporting births [survey] information [OHCHR], •Existence of laws requiring
companies to disclose information, policies and
•Absence of late fees, fines or judicial procedures for processes relating to the human rights impacts of their
late registration [poses undue burden on those with operations, including those caused by their
more limited access to government authorities/civil subsidiaries [OHCHR], •Number of journalists and
registrar services - discriminatory] associated media personnel that are physically
attacked, unlawfully detained or killed as a result of
•Willingness to report births to government authorities pursuing their legitimate activities, •Proportion of
people with a legal entitlement to information held by
public bodies provided within 30 days without arbitrary
barriers (RTI), •Percentage of denial of information
requests successfully challenged, •Scope and number
of legal exceptions to right to information
In order to ensure target met for all we suggest:
Percentage of children under 5 whose births have
been registered with civil authority, disaggregated for
children with/without disabilities
We support the suggested indicator.
As proposed by the Global Forum for Media Dialogue,
Article 19, and UNESCO, we also strongly support an
indicator on the right to information, including legal
guarantees.
Additional (priority): The adoption and implementation
of legal guarantees and mechanisms ensuring public
access to information
Exactly very good Very important, it is the right of people to access to all
information
Numbers of violations of fundamental freedoms which
impact on public access to information, and
percentage of judicial cases resolved. (disaggregated
by targeted group (journalists, associated media
personnel, human rights defenders, trade unionists
and human rights advocates)).
This should include people living with HIV and
populations affected by HIV.
Recommended indicator:
Percentage of children under 5 whose births have
been registered with civil authority, disaggregated for
children with/without disabilities
Indicator 16.10.2 Number of journalists, associated
media personnel and human rights advocates killed,
kidnapped, disappeared, detained or tortured in the
last 12 months.
Add environmental activists/defenders to this indicator
# of activities taken in counties to promote training of # of countries that have a framework for ensuring
the Judiciary on judicial standards and the role of the reporting on activities taken to review national laws
judiciary in ensuring accountability for post 2015 and policies in order to ensure implementation of
development SDGs.
This target addresses discrimination and must
accordingly and in line with the UN-CRPD be
disaggregated by disability, as persons with
disabilities are a group especially susceptible to
discrimination (Interlinkage with 10.3)
The proposed indicator is highly relevant under target This is the same indicator proposed under target 10.3.
16.3., and should be retained. However, it does not The proposed indicator is strong and human rights
address the target to “strengthen relevant national relevant, but should be supplemented with an
institutions”. Also here, a relevant indicator would be additional process indicator to capture the elimination
the existence of an independent National Human of discriminatory laws, policies and practices, as
Rights Institution in compliance with the Paris intended in the target. See also comment under target
principles, as per UN General Assembly Resolution 10.3.
48/134 of 1993.
This target addresses discrimination and should be
disaggregated by disability, as persons with
disabilities are a group especially susceptible to
discrimination (Interlinkage with 10.3)
This is a strong proxy for capacities of security This is a strong indicator which measures people’s
services and other authorities to deal with crime and direct experiences of discrimination. It should be
present conflict. clarified whether ‘reporting’ refers to an authority
collecting such complaints or whether this is a survey-
It's a rurvey- based indicator that further characterizes based data collection.
the data collected for 16.1 and 16.2.
We would recommend a combination of the proposals The suggested indicator for this target should be
to read: “Percentage of victims of violence in the retained. This is a strong indicator which measures
previous 12 months who reported their victimization to people’s direct experiences of discrimination. In an
competent authorities or other officially recognized effort to measure correlations in between poverty and
conflict resolution mechanisms (also called crime discrimination this indicator should be disaggregated
reporting rate)”. by income.
Bioregional
CBM UK
CDP
Center for Economic and Social Information about tax composition is important
Rights (especially to track environmental taxes), but is not an
indicator in and of itself, nor does it get at the amount
raised. Previously, we have welcomed using tax to
GDP ratio to measure target 17.1. So as to avoid
perverse incentives which could drive regressive
taxation and deepening income inequality, these
indicators should be interdependent with others on the
progressiveness of the tax system, and explicitly linked
with goals and targets around tackling inequality.
Alternative: Tax to GDP ratio (Note that this indicator
must be explicitly linked to complementary indicators
on the progressivity of tax regime and tax effort.)
Additional: Potential vs. actual tax revenue (tax effort)
Additional: Capacity of public revenue authorities - to
be developed
Additional: Amount of domestic revenue and public
expenditure on sustainable development goals
Additional: Existence of global corporate tax floor
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
Consumers International
ericsson
Eurodad
Faculty of Law, Queen's University, New Suggested Indicator 17.1.3:
Canada
"Total percentage of annual tax revenues, tax
expenditures, and program spending paid or received
by adult couples, households, or families instead of on
the basis of individual entitlement."
Handicap International
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential
goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for
whole societies.
Health Priorities in Post-2015
Taskforce
ICMM and IPIECA Agree with the WB that the proposed indicators should
be dropped (total tax per GDP and total per capita tax)
as they appear to incentivize maximizing taxes, which
is not the objective of this target. Rather it is intended
to measure countries’ effectiveness in collecting taxes,
irrespective of a country’s particular public budget
policies.
IDDC
Institute for Reproductive and It is very important however civil society organizations
Family Health are very limitted to get support from international
organizations
Internaitonal Council of AIDS Composition of Tax Revenues (by sources), including
Service Organizations revenues derived from environmental taxes, and as %
of GDP, and spending by sector, including health and
civil services
Clear indicators on domestic financing for health are
quite relevant to people living with HIV and people
affected by HIV.
Jubilee Scotland
MADE
Oxfam
PATH
Pathfinder International
Policy Cures
Post-2015 volunteering Working
Group
Sightsavers
Signatory organizations: United
Nations Foundation, Plan
International, Girl Effect, CARE,
International Women's Health
Coalition, Girls Not Brides, World
Association of Girl Guides and Girl
Scouts, European Parliamentary
Forum, International Center for
Research on Women, Advocates
for Youth, FHI360, Equality Now,
Mercy Corps, Let Girls Lead,
International Rescue Committee
TAG
TB Alliance
Women Access Trust Organisation One of the indicators should be the development of a
Of Nigeria comprehensive data base for businesses in nations
showing revenue collection and tax derived as % of
GDP
Women for Women's Human Rights
- New Ways
Women's Major Group 17.1.1 Existence of global corporate tax floor
No comments No comments
Ratios that should be part of this are:
- Total public debt (external and domestic) to GDP:
MICs debt has a trend to increase, and it involves also
domestic debt; not to inlcude the whole public debt
might mean a possibility debt distress not managed
timely.
- Debt service (external and domestic) to fiscal
revenues: debt is payed with fiscal revenues, not with
exports, so this is the most accurate ratio that shouyld
be used instead.
- Number of countries with a DSA that includes an SDG
approach: DSAs, in line with AAAA outcome on FFD
proces, should be taken into account to analyse if a
debt is sustainable or not, if it would involve a debt
service that undermines social expenditure it is not
sustainable.
- Number of countries entering in debt distress with
comprehensive debt relief: countries that need an
urgent debt cancelation should be able to get it, after a
climate event or a disease.
- Number of countries in debt distress for two succesive
years and a minimun number of countries in high risk
- Number of countries that include CACs on its
sovereign debt issuance
We agree with the use of Debt per GNI and debt per Indicator 17.5.1 is essential qualitative and is not
GNI/cap as an effective indicator for monitoring amenable to cross-country comparisons so should be
progress against target 17.4. Disaggregation of private dropped. Indicator 17.5.2 is useful, but there needs to
and public debt would enhance the proposed be a clear consensus definition of the types of policy
indicators. changes being monitored and a uniform assessment
criteria developed for effective monitoring of country-
level and global progress against target 17.5
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states
the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy
between nations is highly relevant. between nations is highly relevant.
17.4.1 Establishment of a comprehensive sovereign
debt workout mechanism; volumes of debt relief
provided under this mechanism
NEW 17.6.3:
Indicator: "Volume of North-South & South-South
cooperation programs to facilitate access to S,T&I and
K-sharing".
Specification: "# of initiatives (programs, projects,
activities) with that objective. Specifies: (i) amount
funded; (ii) direction of flow –N-S or S-S; (iii) # of
beneficiaries, including special interest groups: women,
Persons with Disabiities, others". To be collected by
Civil Society organizations; project of FRAmericas.
NEW 17.6.4
Indicator: "Wireless readiness".
Specification: (i) population density; (ii) number of
households
Recommended indicator: [National level indicator,
nationally collected] Number of formal coordination and
collaboration initiatives aimed at increasing and
facilitating transfer of health-related technology,
including between public and private entities
Technology transfer is a key focus of the means of
implementation goal (goal 17) of the SDGs and is also
a fundamental component of international support for
innovation capacity in LMICs (goal 9). This indicator
was proposed in the WHO Global Strategy and Plan of
Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual
Property, and while no standardized international
methodology or data exists, tracking this indicator
would be an important step in monitoring progress
toward the aims set out in this document.
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential
goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for
whole societies. whole societies.
Recommended indicator: [National level indicator,
nationally collected] Number of formal coordination and
collaboration initiatives aimed at increasing and
facilitating transfer of health-related technology,
including between public and private entities
NEW 17.8.3
Indicator: "Volume of financing to enable use of
technology innovation and ICT"
Specification: "Annual investment in R&D to apply
Technology Innovation & ICT to development purposes.
Specifies: (i) source of financing –public or private; (ii)
amount of financing; (iii) application of funds; (iv)
beneficiaries"
NEW 17.8.4
Indicator: "Internet relevance"
Specification: " Proportion of transactions and official
acts conducted over the Internet over the total"
Recommended indicator: [Global level indicator,
nationally collected] R&D expenditure as a percentage
of GDP (Disaggregated by sector of performance,
source of funds, field of science, and socioeconomic
objective). As an existing indicator with an established
methodology and broad coverage, this indicator
already has the support of UNSC, UNESCO, and
SDSN as an indicator for target 9.5 and the potential to
be a cross-cutting indicator for multiple other SDG
targets—for which it was strongly supported during the
stakeholder consultation. However, as noted above,
even when perfectly reported and fully disaggregated,
this indicator cannot be used to monitor the global
health R&D target (target 3.b).
Recommended indicator: [National level indicator,
nationally collected] Number of formal coordination and
collaboration initiatives aimed at increasing and
facilitating transfer of health-related technology,
including between public and private entities.
Technology transfer is a key focus of the means of
implementation goal of the SDGs and is also a
fundamental component of international support for
innovation capacity in LMICs (goal 9).
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential
goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for
whole societies. whole societies.
Recommend: See recommended indicator and comment under
[National indicator, nationally collected] Percentage of Target 9.5 on R&D expenditure.
individuals or communities with access to ICTs, national See recommended indicator and comment under
information and communication networks, and the Target 9.5 technology transfer
Internet.
Comment: Access to ICTs address infrastructure
capacity issues as populations must access ICTs in
order to participate in the information economy.
Suggested indicator is suitable for target Suggested indicator is suitable for target
Through numbers of countries (developed and
developing) stating the principles of sustainable
development used at the beginning of their integrated
low carbon and zero emissions strategies (under target
13.2) connected up with Targets 13.b and 15.9.
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states
the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy
between nations is highly relevant. between nations is highly relevant.
17.15.1 Number of disputes brought against countries
through dispute settlement processes (by companies,
other countries, other) in areas such as trade,
investment, technology etc.
Propose:
Suggest including additional indicator (similar to Ensure the reference to PPP in this indicator includes
original draft indicator) that reads philanthropy and CSO and is not limited to the World
“Change in the number of multi-stakeholder Bank classification that does not include philanthropy
partnerships participants active in developing
countries”
The proposed IAEG Priority Indicator ignores civil
society as partners in development and reduces the
concept of partnership to
transfer of funds from the public to the private sector.
There is no evidence to show that PPPs in the
education sector reliably deliver better quality services,
and considerable evidence that reliance on the private
sector to deliver essential services has a negative
impact on equity. Commericalization of education has
been the subject of the last two reports of the UN
Special Rapportuer on the Right to Education and the
Human Rights Council Resolution in 2015 recognized
its dangers for education. Clear accountability
mechanisms and democratic overight is required for
private providers.
Good Good
17.17.1 Existence and implementation of binding
human rights and environmental protection frameworks
for the regulation of public-private partnerships,
including periodic impact assessments
For public-private partnerships to be effective, they
must not weaken human rights or environmental
protections or facilitate the violation of human rights
through, e.g. the provision of incentives for private
investment. This is particularly relevant for health
issues including HIV and access to medicines.
• 17.16.1: "Development co-operation actors" should • 17.17.1: It is unclear whether the "PPPs" indicator
explicitly include civil society organizations. refers to partnerships with both for-profit and not-for-
profit entities. Partnerships with civil society entities
• An additional 17.16 indicator to ensure that should ideally be disaggregated from partnerships with
multistakeholder partnerships involve civil society could for-profit entities once “civil society partnerships” is
be Indicator 2 from the Global Monitoring Exercise: well-defined.
“Civil society operates within an environment which • The target—to promote “effective” partnerships—calls
maximises its engagement in and contribution to for the quality of partnerships to be measured as well.
development.” The Global Partnership for Effective One way to indicate promotion of effective partnerships
Development Cooperation (GPEDC)—recognized in with civil society organizations is to count the existence
the Addis outcome document for its particular of policies that institutionalize open and inclusive
experience in monitoring efforts to strengthen inclusive consultation with the civil society sector on design and
cooperation for effective development outcomes—has implementation of development programs. (The
finalized a methodology for Indicator 2 that will be GPEDC is collecting data on this, under its
approved by the Global Partnership Steering methodology for Indicator 2 of the Global Partnership
Committee this week. The methodology addresses Monitoring Framework.)
quality of donor and government cooperation with civil
society organizations. The Global Partnership also
continues to monitor Indicator 2 based on reporting
from CSOs and UN bodies.
=>
b) The participants should include members of all
subgroups of society.
Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential Separate goals must all be subject to the one essential
goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for goal, of design and planning for cultural growth for
whole societies. whole societies.
This target, which clearly states the importance of
disaggregation of data, including by disability, can be
easily monitored with an indicator which will cause no
extra data collection burden on countries, ‘Percentage
of countries with data for all disability related indicators
and disability disaggregation of the SDG framework, in
the last 5 years’.
Indicator
- Percentage of countries with data for all disability
related indicators and disability disaggregation of the
SDG framework, in the last 5 years
This target must be completed by a group of This target must be completed by a group of
recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states recommendations, papers, and data to guide to states
the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy the best way reach it. A solidarity cooperation policy
between nations is highly relevant. between nations is highly relevant.
CSOs & volunteers are crucial partners in
development. Volunteers are estimated at nearly half of
the civil society workforce, higher in some countries.
Recognizing this, the 2008 System of National
Accounts, the global system that all countries use to
produce national economic estimates, developed new
guidelines for the “sub-sectoring” of institutional sectors
in order to separately identify nonprofit institutions
(NPIs). But it does not go so far as to recommend that
countries report on the separately identified NPIs as a
whole.
1,000 Days
Action Against Hunger | ACF Global (and national and regional) data on
International childhood wasting (Target 2.2, and supportive of
other targets) is available through the UNICEF-
World Bank-WHO ‘Joint Estimates’ and the
WHO’s Global Database on Child Growth and
Malnutrition.
The World Health Assembly (WHA) targets,
including stunting and wasting, are based on
strong scientific evidence and reflect a universal
agenda to address multiple, interconnected forms
of malnutrition. In addition, the Rome Declaration
on Nutrition and Framework for Action, explicitly
welcomed in the Post 2015 Declaration,
reaffirmed member states commitment to the
WHA targets.
ADD International Please see comments in Section 2, especially on
the Incheon Strategy indicators in the Asia-Pacific
region.
AquaFed
Beyond 2015 UK
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation • 2.1 Prevalence of Wasting: used to track
World Health Assembly (WHA) nutrition target.
• 2.2 Prevalence of Stunting and Prevalence of
Exclusive Breastfeeding: both used to track WHA
nutrition target.
• 3.1 Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
and Proportion of births attended by skilled health
personnel: MDG indicators, UNFPA State of the
World Population indicators to track progress
against ICPD, Global strategy for Women and
Children’s Health.
• 3.2 Under-five mortality, Neonatal mortality
and Immunization coverage: Core indicators for
the Global Strategy for Women and Children’s
Health include child mortality and the proportion
of newborn deaths as well as an immunization
indicator focused on DTP3 coverage. The MDGs
also tracked the two indicators currently
suggested for target 3.2 as well as an
immunization indicator, though it was focused on
immunization against measles. Our suggestion is
an updated version of this immunization indicator,
to be responsive to scientific and development
advances we expect to see in the coming years.
Gavi’s indicators (for 2016-2020 strategy) include
reach of routine coverage: 3rd dose of
pentavalent vaccine and first dose of routine
measles vaccine, and breadth of protection:
average coverage across all Gavi supported
vaccines.
• 3.3 TB and malaria incidence: The WHO
tracks malaria and TB incidence in their World
Malaria Reports and through the END TB
Strategy (though the latter uses incidence rate
per 100,000).
• 3.7 Need for family planning met by modern
methods and Adolescent birth rate: Satisfied
Bingham Centre for the Rule of
Law, British Institute of
International and Comparative Law
Bioregional
Changemaker
Child and Youth Finance
International
Christian Aid
Christoffel-Blindenmission
Deutschland e.V.
Columbia Center on Sustainable The indicator proposed by UNEP for Target 1.4 is
Investment aligned with indicators developed by the Global
Land Indicators Initiative, the indicator suggested
by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions
Network, and the indicator suggested by a broad
coalition of land experts and land organizations.
Commonwealth Medical Trust Data for this indicator can be collected from data
(Commat) already collected by WHO.
Communitas Coalition for The SDG indicators should not be strictly limited
Sustainable Cities in the New UN to existing data sources at the national level. As
Development Agenda has the SDGs are aspirational, so should the
facilitated the development of indicators framework be. Where data does not yet
these comments based on the exist for important indicators/targets, it needs to
outcomes of the 3 June 2015 be developed over time, taking advantage of
technical seminar: Urban powerful new internet-based and other tools that
Sustainability for Human are contributing to the “Data Revolution.” Our
Development: Indicators, comments on the specific indicators reflect this
Geospatial Technology & perspective.
Disaggregation for SDG11 and its
Linkages with other SDGs, which Since much of the on-the-ground implementation
we organized at the United Nations of SDG 11 and the other goals will be the
in close collaboration with Group responsibility of subnational authorities,
of Member States Friends for local/regional geospatial data will be required to
Sustainable Cities, the UN track progress over time. This technical data
Statistics Division in the needs to be complimented by community-based
Department for Economic and data gathering efforts.
Social Affairs (DESA), the
European Commission Joint For effective tracking of progress towards the
Research Centre, the Penn Institute SDG targets, the indicators must be integrated
for Urban Research and the UN across the various levels of government from
Sustainable Development local to national.
Solutions Network (SDSN); and
with the support of the Global Task Finally, the individual indicators for SDG 11 (and
Force of Local and Regional the other goals) should not be viewed in isolation.
Governments, the World Urban Rather, they form a collective set of metrics that
Campaign and the Urban SDG together can measure the progress across the
Campaign. Details on the co- multiple dimensions of the goals and targets.
organizers and signatories of this
submission, as well as the
technical presentations at the
event and a detailed outcomes
report can be found at:
http://www.communitascoalition.or
g/pdf/indicators-workshop/Tech
%20Seminar%20on%20Indicators
Community Based Water Include cross-disciplinary efforts to get a
Monitoring Network of Monarch framework having sense, in the acomplishment of
Butterfly Biosphere Reserve the OD goals, from local to national levels.
Consumers International The 10-Year Framework of Programmes on
Sustainable Consumption and Production
(10YFP) clearly provides a crucial implementation
instrument for the SDGs, as affirmed by its
inclusion in Targets 8.4 & 12.1, and the
‘Transforming Our World’ Declaration. It will be
crucial, therefore, to ensure clear linkages
between the proposed SDG indicators, and the
indicators of the 10YFP itself, to ensure both are
progressing and reaffirming each other.
As CI has demonstrated
(http://www.consumersinternational.org/media/14
88820/the-role-of-consumer-protection-in-
meeting-the-sdgs_updated-jan15.pdf),
implementation of the UNGCP will also yield great
benefits across many other SDG targets. This is
an opportunity not to be missed.
Costa del Mar
Countdown 2015 Europe/IPPF
European
Network/EuroNGOs/ASTRA
Network
Danish Institute for Human RIghts The SDG targets have a very high degree of
convergence and relevance with the provisions of
core human rights and labour standards, and thus
provide an unprecedented opportunity to
contribute to the realisation of human rights at a
global scale.
NPS: DDS
FAO/IFAD/UNEP: [Minimum DD for Women
indicator
European Association for the Data collection for youth and adult education and
Education of Adults (EAEA) lifelong learning relies to a great extent on
information collected in household surveys. At a
regional level there are some experiences that
could be used as an example, such as the
European Union’s Adult Education survey. We
recommend to evaluate the cost and
methodologies to expand this type of survey to
other regions, and to develop questions that
could be applied on other surveys, e.g. on the
labour force.
European Youth Forum
http://campaignforeducation.org/docs/post2015/P
roposed
%20THEMATIC_indicators_FINAL_EN.pdf
Global Forum for Media SDG16.10 - Regional standards for laws and
Development mechanisms for 'ensuring public access to
information' have been established by the African
Union, the Organization of American States, and
the Council of Europe, among other regional and
subregional institutions. The adoption and use of
access-to-information laws is already monitored
several intergovernmental bodies, including
UNESCO, the OHCHR, IPU, and the World Bank.
HDS systems design science Separate goals must all be subject to the one
essential goal, of design and planning for cultural
growth for whole societies.
Health Poverty Action
Institute for Reproductive and Women and girls health and gnder equality are
Family Health center of social economic development
Fetal life consider as human rights, quality of
maternak and family planning access to all of
developing countries are economic development.
Intenational Stillbirth Alliance Stillbirth rate is a core indicator of the Every
Newborn action plan, which includes the target of
reducing stillbirths to at least 12 per 1,000 births
by 2030. Since the launch of this global plan,
most countries who have taken for national
maternal and newborn action plans or sharpened
RMNCH plans have included stillbirth targets and
relevant indicators. Stillbirth rate is now included
in the WHO core health indicator list (2015).
Internaitonal Council of AIDS The indicator framework must be ambitious and
Service Organizations measure the factors that will be most likely to
contribute to the transformative change
envisioned by the Sustainable Development
Goals. The indicators developed for the SDGs
must measure the information we need to ensure
progress, not the information that we can easily
get. It is also essential for the global indicator
framework to include indicators that measure
progress against all 169 targets, not just the
pieces that are easier to address. This means
prioritizing missing data and filling data gaps. We
should not restrict ourselves to existing data, but
rather use this opportunity to measure what is
critical, even if this entails additional data
collection. New indicators will be required to make
sure that we are measuring the factors that are
most likely to lead to transformative change and
the realization of gender equality and human
rights.
International AIDS Vaccine Public, private, and not-for-profit investment in
Initiative R&D for the health needs that disproportionately
affect people living in low- and middle-income
countries
International Land Coalition, Global This indicator, best placed under Target 1.4,
Secretariat would capture gender equality and progress of all
people’s on-the-ground rights to land, property,
and natural resources. It further aligns with
priority indicators issued by the Global Land
Indicators Initiative, and supported by the Global
Donor Working Group on Land.
The recommended indicator focuses on the twin
aims of tracking legal and administrative progress
by governments in recognizing secure rights to
land (documentation) and of people-defined
progress on the quality of land rights
(perceptions). In doing so, this indicator fully
tracks the agenda’s land rights content developed
through months of
inclusive negotiation and consultation and
satisfies the request in the recently finalized UN
declaration that global indicators maintain the
level of ambition of the agenda (Para. 75).
Investigaciòn e Intervencion Data collection for youth and adult education and
Educativa AC lifelong learning relies to a great extent on
information collected in household surveys. At a
regional level there are some experiences that
could be used as an example, such as the
European Union’s Adult Education survey. We
recommend to evaluate the cost and
methodologies to expand this type of survey to
other regions, and to develop questions that
could be applied on other surveys, e.g. on the
labour force.
IOGT International Proposed indicator: ”Total per capita (aged 15+
years old) pure alcohol consumption within a
calendar year in liters,”
Indicator frameworks:
- Global Action plan for the Prevention and
Control of NCDs 2013 - 2020
- All countries within their regular monitoring
report
- WHO
- European action plan to reduce the harmful use
of alcohol 2012–2020
Kepa Finland
Kimse Yok Mu
Land Alliance, Inc.
Landesa Together with a coalition of over 30 global and
national organizations, we propose a meaningful,
cross-cutting and feasible land rights indicator to
replace suggested indicator 1.4.2.
Major Group of Workers and Trade All indicators developed must of course be in
Unions accordance with human rights, and the work that
the OHCHR has done in this regard.
Making It Work Global gender and
disability initiative
MARS Practitioners Network
Médecins Sans Frontières -
Doctors without Borders
Multidimensional Poverty Peer • A Latin American MPI has been developed
Network and published by ECLAC/CEPAL in 2015. An
Arab Poverty MPI is under development by
UNESCWA.
• Just like there is a global measure of income
poverty ($1.25/day) and national measures, so
too there is a Global MPI, as well as an
increasing number of national MPIs which
countries design to reflect their own contexts and
priorities.
• The global and national MPI complement
income poverty measures by illuminating non-
monetary dimensions affected by social policies
and structural change. These two poverty
indicators together give a fuller overview of poor
people’s lives, as many countries have shown.
• For the national multidimensional poverty
indicator, the definition should be:
“Multidimensional poverty indicators, according to
national definitions.”
• National MPIs can build from poor people’s
voices and agency, and be designed to reflect
their priorities, as studies such as Poverty as
viewed by its protagonists in El Salvador shows.
Orchid Project
Organisation Mondiale de
l'Education Prescolaire (OMEP) UK
Oxfam
Partnership on Sustainable Low Sustainable transport has strong cross-cutting
Carbon Transport impacts; for example, it has an important role in
enabling access to jobs, education, health
facilities, and clean water, that are encompassed
by other targets. While repetition of indicators
across targets is not advocated, appropriate
wording of relevant targets to reflect transport’s
enabling role is considered important.
REPEM
Restless Development
RESULTS UK
RMS
Saferworld For Goal 16 - should look at indicators developed
for New Deal for Conflict-Affected and Fragile
States. Many are universally applicable. There
are 33 common ones.
SDSN
Sierra Club
Sightsavers
Signatory organizations: United
Nations Foundation, Plan
International, Girl Effect, CARE,
International Women's Health
Coalition, Girls Not Brides, World
Association of Girl Guides and Girl
Scouts, European Parliamentary
Forum, International Center for
Research on Women, Advocates
for Youth, FHI360, Equality Now,
Mercy Corps, Let Girls Lead,
International Rescue Committee
UCLG
University of Luxembourg/Simon
Fraser University
University of Manitoba
University of Oxford The existing Global MPI (published by UNDP’s
Human Development Reports) that reflects acute
poverty in over 100 developing countries would
be modified to reflect the SDG indicators if, as we
propose, it is adopted as a Tier 1 indicator for
Target 1.2
USIL
VENRO working group on health
Welthungerhilfe
Western Union Please note that the comment for question 97
does identify linked targets, and recommends that
the indicators for those targets become the first
priority indicators for Target 10.C. As the World
Bank indicator comments noted, price targets
(and regulatory burden) can risk a market
distortion which reduces access to services/drives
toward informal systems. In a natural market
environment in which enablers (literacy,
technological innovation/use, Identification for
KYC, etc.) are advanced, both access and
market efficiency are advanced.
Womankind Worldwide
UNESCO WWAP
NGO BORDA, Germany
NGO Gender and Water Alliance (GWA)
UN Environmental Programme (UNEP)
African Ministers´ Council on Water (AMCOW)
Women Environmental Programme (WEP)
Nigeria
German Toilet Organization (GTO)
Adventist Development and Relief Agency
(ADRA)
Women's Environment and Indicators cannot rely on existing data only. Data
Development Orgranization must be developed over time. Qualitative data
serves important purposes in this regard. The
framework should not replace existing and in
some cases stronger frameworks for tracking
right and gender equality, for example.
Women's Major Group The Women’s Major Group believes that any
indicator framework must be ambitious and
measure the factors that will be most likely to
contribute to the transformative change
envisioned by the Sustainable Development
Goals. The indicators developed for the SDGs
must measure the information we need to ensure
progress, not the information that we can easily
get. It is also essential for the global indicator
framework to include indicators that measure
progress against all 169 targets, not just the
pieces that are easier to address. This means
prioritizing missing data and filling data gaps. We
should not restrict ourselves to existing data, but
rather use this opportunity to measure what is
critical, even if this entails additional data
collection. New indicators will be required to make
sure that we are measuring the factors that are
most likely to lead to transformative change and
the realization of gender equality and human
rights. The long-term costs of not having
indicators will be greater than investing in their
development now; failure to develop new
indicators where needed will hamper the
development of effective policies and programs at
the country level.
World Vision
WWF It is vital that, wherever possible, the SDG
indicator framework builds on existing,
established measures being used in other fora.
For the environment-related indicators, we
advocate the use of indicators already developed
by the Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP)
and applied by many governments for use in
tracking CBD Aichi Biodiversity Targets. In
particular, we propose the multiple use of a small
number of strong, appropriate, well-established,
BIP-developed indicators with strong scientific
foundations and existing databases, which have
interlinkages to each other and to multiple SDG
targets and which can be disaggregated at
multiple levels, biomes and taxa. The primary
indicators are: (a) The Living Planet Index (LPI):
relevant to SDG targets 6.6, 14.2, 14.4, 14.5,
15.1, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7, 15.8 (Database
available and managed by WWF/ZSL); (b) The
Red List Index (RLI): relevant to 14.2, 14.4, 15.2,
15.4, 15.5, 15.7, 15.8 (Database available and
managed by IUCN); (c) Coverage of Protected
Areas (PA cover): relevant to 6.6, 14.2, 14.5,
15.1, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5 (World Database on
Protected Areas managed by UNEP-WCMC and
IUCN WCPA); (d) PA management effectiveness
(PAME): relevant to 6.6, 14.2, 14.5, 15.1, 15.2,
15.4, 15.5 (Global Database on PA Management
Effectiveness managed by UNEP-WCMC, IUCN
WCPA, Universities of Queensland and Oxford);
and (e) Habitat cover (several remote sensing
databases exist for this purpose - e.g. NASA,
ESA, Google Earth, University of Maryland, etc.).
We also actively encourage the use of other BIP
indicators where they enhance the overall picture
for any given target (e.g. area of forest under
certification, River Connectivity Index, an
World Youth Alliance
WorldWIDE Network Nigeria:
Women in Development and
Environment
Young and adult people education Data collection for youth and adult education and
Network lifelong learning relies to a great extent on
information collected in household surveys. At a
regional level there are some experiences that
could be used as an example, such as the
European Union’s Adult Education survey. We
recommend to evaluate the cost and
methodologies to expand this type of survey to
other regions, and to develop questions that
could be applied on other surveys, e.g. on the
labour force.
Zoological Society of London (ZSL) The Living Planet Index (LPI) is one of the
indicators adopted by the Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD) to measure progress
towards the Aichi targets and is used by the
Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP) in their
communication and reports to the CBD. The LPI
has also been used as an indicator in both
regional and national indicator frameworks to
monitor species abundance. For example a
subset of the LPI has been developed as the
Arctic Species Trend Index which is used by
CAFF (the working group of the Arctic Council).
Topic 19: Develop a framework for the Topic 20: Address the issue of data
presentation and communication of the list disaggregation, and other cross-cutting issues
of proposed indicators for global such inequality, special groups etc
monitoring
We realise that the comparability and specificity of
data will be key concerns for the IAEG-SDGs. With
this in mind, we particularly recommend the UN
Statistics Division Washington Group questions on
disability, which are now being widely adopted, for
example in DFID-supported surveys/censuses, and
in the UN-ESCAP Incheon Strategy indicators.
This is quite okey and as CSOs we will be Dis-aggregation should include all categories
involved in monitoring and advocating for possible including by income quintile, sex, age,
member states to comply to present and race/ethnicity, disability, rural and urban place of
communicate on all indicators using the residence; and other categories that may be
format set up identified at the national level, using data of both
formal and informal economy.
Additional notes:
• 2.1 Prevalence of Wasting: should be
disaggregated by sex.
• 2.2 Prevalence of Stunting: should be
disaggregated by sex.
• 2.3 Value of production per labor unit: should
Recommendation B: We recommend broad
disaggregation, including by age, sex, region,
population group, residence (U/R) and type of
mechanism. Broad disaggregation is to be
preferred so as to “leave no one behind”. The
August ’15 version also adds a useful provision in
this regard: “and other characteristics, as relevant
and possible” (page 1).
Within the scope of our network and the For many of the indicators proposed on youth and
broader global education community, we’re adult education we suggest for them to be
committed to communicate and disseminate disaggregated by income quintile, sex, age,
all relevant information of the sustainable race/ethnicity, disability, rural and urban place of
development agenda through electronic residence; and other categories that may be
means, meetings, articles, and capacity identified at the national level, using data of both
building processes. Beyond that, we plan to formal and informal economy.
follow-up the implementation of the agenda To properly monitor the progress the education for
and data collection of non-formal youth and all goal and targets, a bigger effort must be done to
adult education and lifelong learning at a collect disaggregated data by age groups. EAEA
national level, in cooperation with our believes stongly that the indicator 4.4.1 would be
members. wholly inadequate as a reflection of the inclusive
commitment of the goal 4, and would similarly
discriminate against the achievement of the lifelong
learning dimensions of the goal. We believe the
arbitrary cut off of population above 64 in surveys
of adults is no longer helpful or functional in a
rapidly ageing society, and in economies where
people have to continue working above this age to
secure their existence.
We recognized that to monitor the fulfilment of adult
education targets, requires information on values,
attitudes and non-academic skills that in the
majority of countries are not assessed by national
education systems. However, there are
opportunities to collect disaggregated information
through household and labour force surveys.
To uphold the full exercise of the human right to
education for all, children, youth and adults in this
agenda will require significant investment, by
national governments and development partners
alike, and to backed all targets with appropriate
monitoring and accountability. The failure to
achieve even the modest educational targets for
adults will result in ‘hundreds of millions left behind.’
We appreciate the recognition that all indicators
should be disaggregated by age, sex and
residence, although further characteristics should
be included. As regards disaggregation by age, it is
imperative that this disaggregation is
comprehensive and broken down into a significant
number of age groups, in order to adequately
measure progress for young people and other age
groups across the goals and targets. The Major
Group for Children and Youth has suggested
disaggregation in five-year intervals and we support
this call, as this would allow measurement of
progress for young people beyond the age of 24
and for young people of different age cohorts.
We welcome the recognition that all indicators
should be disaggregated by sex, age, residence
(urban/rural) and other characteristics. It is
fundamental to add disaggregation by income
quintile, education, marital status and disability
given that these represent some serious barriers
for women to make decisions about their sexual
and reproductive health. As girls are reaching
puberty earlier than in previous decades and may
get pregnant before the age of 15, we suggest that
the age-span of reproductive age be expanded to
10-49. This is relevant for the indicators under
target 3.7, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.6. It would ensure that
there is an accurate picture of the reproductive
health of all girls and women, not just those over
the age of 15. It would highlight specific needs for
those girls who are married or exposed to sexual
intercourse at a very young age. For indicators
under target 5.2 and 5.3 women above the age of
49 need to be included, as they are equally
vulnerable to violence (5.2) and to have undergone
FGM/C (5.3).
Stillbirth rate should be included in all Data availability for stillbirths is on the rise and now
frameworks for maternal, newborn and child available for 165 countries. The UN Inter-agency
health as an impact indicator for mortality. Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) has
Investment frameworks for women’s and agreed to include stillbirth monitoring in their
children’s health include stillbirth to portfolio after 2015. While comparable,
strengthen the cost-effectiveness and disaggregated national data is not currently
additional lives saved of an investment. Yet available by income, gender, age, etc… national
without explicit monitoring of the outcome stillbirth estimates are available by intrapartum and
indicator – stillbirth rate – tracking will be antepartum. Recent investment in CRVS provides a
insufficient towards measuring full potential of key opportunity to improve counting and
investment and actions for women’s and disaggregation of births and deaths, including
children’s health. stillbirths.
A robust indicator framework will be Data where relevant - regarding health and
necessary for monitoring and accountability discrimination - should include HIV status and
mechanisms at the national, regional and membership in groups affected by HIV. Health data
international levels. This is also critical for including HIV should be disaggregated in five year
private sector accountability. The private increments Disaggregation by age sub-groups
sector has a responsibility to collect accurate should be expanded to cover all age groups
data about their environmental and social implicated-- 0-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-49, and above
impact in support of national data collection 50--including to capture vertical transmission in
systems.We support the calls of many that infants as well as younger adolescents (10-14) –
there must be increased efforts aimed at especially relevant in the context of child, early
capacity-building and supporting national and marriage and forced marriage--and among older
international statistics offices in the collection persons, ignored to date in data collection and
and analysis of data. This should include prevention efforts despite their risks. Particular
gender-expertise and improved resourcing emphasis is needed on adolescents and youth,
and adequate funds for independent civil including young key populations, who continue to
society participation in monitoring be among the groups most at risk, recalling that the
frameworks. Throughout this process, civil MDG indicator on HIV prevalence focused
society must be afforded the opportunity to exclusively on 15-24 year olds. Sources: Data is
provide inputs throughout the indicator available annually for 158 countries from UNAIDS,
development process. In addition to attending WHO based on household surveys, surveillance
meetings, civil society should have access to and modelling. On data on older persons, note that
online consultations to observe and provide UNAIDS published regional and global estimates of
recommendations, in line with the Terms of HIV incidence among people 50 and older in 2013
Reference for the IAEG. and 2014, though quality country-level survey data
for this age group remains rare as existing modules
often exclude people over 49.
Gender disaggregation shoudl include transgender
people, as they are in UNAIDS data.
Data quality is an important factor to consider when
establishing the global monitoring framework. For
some indicators, such as “R&D expenditure as a
percentage of GDP”, the quality of R&D data from
existing sources deteriorates significantly when
disaggregated. This is particularly true for many
LMICs, who often do not report data by field of
science or socioeconomic objective or adequately
capture nongovernment sectors. However, in order
to have an adequate picture of global health R&D
spending, disaggregation by performance sector,
funding source, scientific field, and socioeconomic
objective is critical. To resolve this conflict,
improved evaluation and monitoring systems in
LMICs should be supported throughout the
implementation process for the SDG framework.
Harmful drinking patterns are linked not only with
quantity and frequency of drinking, but also with
differences in age, gender, education and
socioeconomic level, health status, drinking culture,
attitudes, and other factors. Understanding these
relationships allows the crafting of interventions
that are appropriate, tailored, and likely to be
effective.
Disaggregation of data on alcohol consumption
allows the identification of harmful patterns of
individuals at particular risk for harm, offering a
more nuanced approach to interventions and
prevention.
o Given the particular emphasis on those below
the age of in Target 3.5.2, data for underage youth
must be separated from those on those of legal
drinking age.
o The rising ageing population across the world
calls for better insight into drinking patterns among
the elderly, who may be at increased risk for harm.
o The changing patterns of consumption among
women around the world, linked with changing
drinking cultures, globalization, and evolving
gender roles, also warrant disaggregation of
gender-specific data. Particular attention is also
needed to drinking during pregnancy and to
maternal health.
o Social determinants – poverty, social
exclusion, and differences in social equity – play a
significant role in the relationship between drinking
patterns and harm and may influence the very
definition of harmful drinking itself. Disaggregation
on the basis of social and economic factors is
needed for better interventions and the reduction of
harm.
o Much of the world’s alcohol is unrecorded,
unregulated, and of potentially low quality,
The ILO has been given the responsibility of Data disaggregation is extremely important to gain
collecting the data on work and decent work. an understanding of the sustainability of each goal.
We approve of the use of household surveys The data should be desegregated by gender, age,
as the data collection agency. The ILO should region of the world, education and level of
be given the responsibility for advertising and development of the country.With disaggregation it
promoting the indicators among the nations. It will be possible to develop specific procedures to
is important that the indicators be presented improve the lives of specific groups. Once again,
and measured not as an exercise in psychologists should be involved in designing
judgement of the countries but in ways that programs for specific groups.
will be motivating to improve conditions.
Psychologist should be consulted as to how
best to present the indicators, measure them
and present the results so as to be motivating
and not evaluative.
Special attention should be given to the definition of
the geographical scope of indicators related to goal
11. As functional areas (e.g. job catchment areas)
often differ from the administrative boundaries of
cities, it is important that indicators focus on those
functional areas as a whole and not only on the
administrative boundaries of the cities.
Relevant methodologies have been developed and
should be built upon (e.g. OECD approach to
measure metropolitan areas).
There are strong inter-linkages between Goal 11
(Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable) & associated target 11.5
(by 2030 significantly reduce the number of deaths
and the number of affected people and decrease
by y% the economic losses relative to GDP caused
by disasters, including water-related disasters, with
the focus on protecting the poor and people in
vulnerable situations) with targets like 9.1 (develop
quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient
infrastructure, including regional and trans-border
infrastructure, to support economic development
and human well-being, with a focus on affordable
and equitable access for all) and target 3.9 (by
2030 substantially reduce the number of deaths
and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air,
water, and soil pollution and contamination).
Goal 11 & associated target 11.5 are also closely
related to Goal 6 (Ensure availability and
sustainable management of water and sanitation
for all), especially targets 6.1 (6.1 by 2030, achieve
universal and equitable access to safe and
affordable drinking water for all), 6.2 (6.2 by 2030,
achieve access to adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open
defecation, paying special attention to the needs of
women and girls and those in vulnerable situations)
and 6.3 (improve water quality by reducing
pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing
release of hazardous chemicals and materials,
halving the proportion of untreated wastewater, and
increasing recycling and safe reuse by x%
globally).
Within the scope of our network and the For many of the indicators proposed on youth and
broader global education community, we’re adult education we suggest for them to be
committed to communicate and disseminate disaggregated by income quintile, sex, age,
all relevant information of the sustainable race/ethnicity, disability, rural and urban place of
development agenda through electronic residence; and other categories that may be
means, meetings, articles, and capacity identified at the national level, using data of both
building processes. Beyond that, we plan to formal and informal economy.
follow-up the implementation of the agenda To properly monitor the progress the education for
and data collection of non-formal youth and all goal and targets, a bigger effort must be done to
adult education and lifelong learning at a collect disaggregated data by age groups. ICAE
national level, in cooperation with our believes stongly that the indicator 4.4.1 would be
members. wholly inadequate as a reflection of the inclusive
commitment of the goal 4, and would similarly
discriminate against the achievement of the lifelong
learning dimensions of the goal. We believe the
arbitrary cut off of population above 64 in surveys
of adults is no longer helpful or functional in a
rapidly ageing society, and in economies where
people have to continue working above this age to
secure their existence.
We recognized that to monitor the fulfilment of adult
education targets, requires information on values,
attitudes and non-academic skills that in the
majority of countries are not assessed by national
education systems. However, there are
opportunities to collect disaggregated information
through household and labour force surveys.
To uphold the full exercise of the human right to
education for all, children, youth and adults in this
agenda will require significant investment, by
national governments and development partners
alike, and to backed all targets with appropriate
monitoring and accountability. The failure to
achieve even the modest educational targets for
adults will result in ‘hundreds of millions left behind.’
Disability in the SDGs
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) and
targets in the outcome document agreed by UN
Member States on 1 August 2015 includes seven
targets which explicitly refer to persons with
disabilities (see Annex). At the March meeting of
the inter-governmental negotiations on the outcome
document for the UN Summit to adopt the Post-
2015 Development Agenda, Member States
indicated that indicators must directly respond to
the goals and targets and their level of ambition;
must not undermine or re-interpret the targets; and
must cover all targets and give equal weight to all
targets. Therefore, the targets which explicitly refer
to disability must include disability related
indicators.
An additional six SDG targets refer to persons in
vulnerable situations (Annex) - which include
persons with disabilities according to the outcome
document for adoption at the UN Summit on the
Post-2015 Development Agenda. In addition,
several other targets are universal targets, and thus
must also be achieved for persons with disabilities.
Two other targets address discrimination (Annex),
which is a key cause of unequal access to
opportunities and services for persons with
disabilities.
The experience of the Environmental A major challenge is data collection on the extreme
Vulnerability Index in combining 50 poor, rural populations, indigenous peoples,
environmental indicators into simple country marginalized groups, legally unrecognized groups,
profiles may be useful: the homeless, displaced people and migrants, who
http://www.vulnerabilityindex.net/ generally escape from standard census and data
collection processes, and are thus left behind. They
need to be targeted with specific data collection
methods, sometime against the wishes of the
governments concerned where marginalization is
intentional. The special rapporteurs on human
rights may provide a model.
This is important for indicators using surveys or
aiming at such groups like 10.3.1, 11.b.1 and
12.8.2
A transformational agenda should seek new Target 1.4 encompasses all people regardless of
data and not be constrained by already where they reside, their livelihood activities, or the
available data. While critical to inform policy assets they own. It covers both social and
and to track progress, there is no globally economic resources.
available, nationally representative, The land rights indicator must hence capture more
sexdisaggregated data on land rights. Thus, than agricultural land: Secure rights to land are key
any indicator on land rights will require new to accessing income, food, status, housing, credit,
data collection efforts. The post-2015 agenda government services, and greater household- and
presents a historic opportunity to push the community-level decision-making. Indicators limited
data and evidence base forward, rather than to agricultural land ignore the millions of women,
having the available data control the framing men, indigenous peoples and local
of priorities. communities (IPLCs) who live in the forest, practice
nomadic or semi nomadic pastoralism, rely on plots
too small to be considered agricultural holdings,
live in rural areas but are not engaged in
agricultural production, reside on communal land
not designated for agricultural purposes, or rely on
land for small businesses, as well as
the urban and peri-urban poor.
As well as disaggregation of data visibility and
Iinvisibility is a crucial reality. It is important to
acknowledge that people living in extreme poverty
have vastly different experiences than the rest of
the population. They are often left out of survey
data and thus, their progress is hidden in national
averages and censuses. As stated in several
sections of the Outcome Document it is important
to disaggregate by income as comprehensively as
possible so as to render their experience visible.
Income, together with sex, age and residence
(U/R), should be a part of the explicit factors that
are mentioned in the note on disaggregation on the
proposed list of indicators.
Within the scope of our network and the For many of the indicators proposed on youth and
broader global education community, we’re adult education we suggest for them to be
committed to communicate and disseminate disaggregated by income quintile, sex, age,
all relevant information of the sustainable race/ethnicity, disability, rural and urban place of
development agenda through electronic residence; and other categories that may be
means, meetings, articles, and capacity identified at the national level, using data of both
building processes. Beyond that, we plan to formal and informal economy.
follow-up the implementation of the agenda To properly monitor the progress the education for
and data collection of non-formal youth and all goal and targets, a bigger effort must be done to
adult education and lifelong learning at a collect disaggregated data by age groups. ICAE
national level, in cooperation with our believes stongly that the indicator 4.4.1 would be
members. wholly inadequate as a reflection of the inclusive
commitment of the goal 4, and would similarly
discriminate against the achievement of the lifelong
learning dimensions of the goal. We believe the
arbitrary cut off of population above 64 in surveys
of adults is no longer helpful or functional in a
rapidly ageing society, and in economies where
people have to continue working above this age to
secure their existence.
We recognized that to monitor the fulfilment of adult
education targets, requires information on values,
attitudes and non-academic skills that in the
majority of countries are not assessed by national
education systems. However, there are
opportunities to collect disaggregated information
through household and labour force surveys.
To uphold the full exercise of the human right to
education for all, children, youth and adults in this
agenda will require significant investment, by
national governments and development partners
alike, and to backed all targets with appropriate
monitoring and accountability. The failure to
achieve even the modest educational targets for
adults will result in ‘hundreds of millions left behind.’
I recommend that relevant UN agencies, As mentioned above, progress in addressing
together with NGO experts from each region, maternal mortality will be best served by increasing
should provide guidance for the measurement the ability of countries to disaggregate the numbers
of targets 3.7 and 5.6 and communicate the by cause.
indicators and means of verification to National-level measurement on health (and other)
national counterparts through capacity- indicators should be carried out in a way that
building workshops and mobilization of enables identification of under-served groups by
resources from bilateral and multilateral age, geography, income, and other factors.
sources.
We welcome the recognition that all indicators
should be disaggregated by sex, age, residence
(U/R) and other characteristics. Disaggregation by
income should be added in this context.
A global monitoring is important, taking into On debt issues, data disaggregation might not be
account the different context of each country that difficult for most countries, perhaps a
on specific interpretation, but able to compare methodology that contributes to the aggregation
among regions and at a global level. criteria.
If the 15-year global development agenda is truly
designed to leave no one behind, it is important to
ensure the global monitoring framework includes
mechanisms to assess the conditions of children
living outside of family care.
Stillbirth rate should be included in all Data availability for stillbirths is on the rise and now
frameworks for maternal, newborn and child available for 165 countries. The UN Inter-agency
health as an impact indicator for mortality. Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) has
Investment frameworks for women’s and agreed to include stillbirth monitoring in their
children’s health include stillbirth to portfolio after 2015. While comparable,
strengthen the cost-effectiveness and disaggregated national data is not currently
additional lives saved of an investment. Yet available by income, gender, age, etc… national
without explicit monitoring of the outcome stillbirth estimates are available by intrapartum and
indicator – stillbirth rate – tracking will be antepartum. Recent investment in CRVS provides a
insufficient towards measuring full potential of key opportunity to improve counting and
investment and actions for women’s and disaggregation of births and deaths, including
children’s health stillbirths.
The cross-cutting pledge that no one is left behind
and for the goals and targets to be met for all
nations and peoples and for all segments of society
is one of the most important and potentially
transformative commitments of the 2030 agenda.
Ensure CSO are as now included in that National plans to enable themselves in providing
process data
Within the scope of our network and the For many of the indicators proposed on youth and
broader global education community, we’re adult education we suggest for them to be
committed to communicate and disseminate disaggregated by income quintile, sex, age,
all relevant information of the sustainable race/ethnicity, disability, rural and urban place of
development agenda through electronic residence; and other categories that may be
means, meetings, articles, and capacity identified at the national level, using data of both
building processes. Beyond that, we plan to formal and informal economy.
follow-up the implementation of the agenda
and data collection of non-formal youth and To properly monitor the progress the education for
adult education and lifelong learning at a all goal and targets, a bigger effort must be done to
national level, in cooperation with our collect disaggregated data by age groups. ICAE
members. believes stongly that the indicator 4.4.1 would be
wholly inadequate as a reflection of the inclusive
commitment of the goal 4, and would similarly
discriminate against the achievement of the lifelong
learning dimensions of the goal. We believe the
arbitrary cut off of population above 64 in surveys
of adults is no longer helpful or functional in a
rapidly ageing society, and in economies where
people have to continue working above this age to
secure their existence.
Communication is vital. To the public, you Note that because the Global MPI measures
explain the MPI indicators, perhaps drawing deprivations directly, no PPPs are required, so
on participatory work or studies like My World disaggregation is straightforward.
to justify them. You may also show which
indicators pertain to which SDG goals and Rural and urban decompositions are available for
targets. all except 2 countries in the Global MPI 2015
tables.
To explain the methodology to civil society
groups, you may provide a real example with The surveys used for the Global MPI 2015 permit
pictures, showing their deprivation profile disaggregation into 884 subnational regions (a total
according to the MPI indicators. Then you ask of 1362 regions since 2010). These tables are
if they are MPI poor, and add up their online with the full set of consistent partial indices,
deprivations and identify them as poor or non- and also downloadable in maps.
poor. For example, they are MPI poor if they
are deprived in one-third of the weighted Analysis by gender and by age groups is available
indicators. online (the latter with a special attention to child
poverty, as data for older persons are limited in
From that human foundation, you explain that DHS and MICS). Unfortunately we cannot
nationally, the MPI is the product of two presently build a gendered Global MPI due to data
numbers: H the percentage of people who are restrictions.
poor (because they are deprived in at least
one-third of the weighted indicators), Data on race, ethnicity, caste, etc is available for
1) The two aspirations stated in No 1. of the To ‘leave nobody behind’, a high level of ambition
key points for the 11 August 2015 Indicator list on data disaggregation should guide indicator
are stated as a) the need for a coherent and development at all levels, based on leading
comprehensive measurement of all goals and grounds of discrimination prohibited by international
targets and b) the need to limit the number of human rights law and standards. Disaggregation
“global” indicators. Most of the indicators should be specified in each indicator adopted.
listed should be measured at national AND at Particular attention must also be paid to:
country levels unless they refer to particular disaggregation by sex across the board- noting
geographical features e.g. oceans and many countries already produce but do not yet
forests, or geographical regions, such as utilize the data; geographical location, with
deltas in which case the indicator should be emphasis on impoverished urban, peri-urban and
tracked at regional level). It is not possible to rural areas, to assess progress in eliminating
limit the number of indicators measured at inequalities, exclusion, and poverty; key age sub-
global/national level to less than THREE groups traditionally excluded from statistics, many
HUNDRED given aspiration to living in especially vulnerable situations, in
comprehensively measure SDG agenda. particular younger adolescents 10-14 and persons
50 years of age and above. Rights to privacy and
2) Instead of trying to reduce the number of confidentiality must be safeguarded across all data
indicators to 1 indicator p target (which is collection and management efforts, especially to
clearly not possible given the current listed protect groups living in vulnerable situations, and
attempt from 11 August and the response support given to statistical agencies to strengthen
from agencies and others for more indicators) the enforcement of data confidentiality as well as
the indicator list should be structured data collection and new techniques of
carefully. Input or process indicators need to disaggregation eg GIS.
be differentiated from IMPACT indicators-
currently there is no attention to this
fundamental structural issue. It is possible to
pick THIRTY IMPACT INDICATORS for max
political tracking and visibility especially if the
17 goals are regrouped into broad areas e.g
environment, social, infrastructure etc. Adding
inputs and process indicators to measure how
to arrive at these key 30 impacts it is possible
to use a total of no less than 300 indicators to
describe the whole agenda. The total
framework would therefore include 30 topline
impacts to be achieved by 2030, with 300
A common ground must be identified that includes
as appropriate/need both qualitative and
quantitative indicators. Human and hard sciences.
We welcome the fact the list of proposed indicators
is longer than in the first version of the list. Most
targets in the draft outcome document of post-2015
development agenda will need at least two
indicators to meaningfully monitor the
implementation of the post-2015 agenda. Where
two indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover
the content of the targets, we have suggested
additional indicators.
We also welcome the recognition that all indicators
should be disaggregated by sex, age, residence
(U/R) and other characteristics. Disaggregation by
income should be added in this context.
As girls are reaching puberty earlier than in
previous decades and may get pregnant before the
age of 15, we suggest that the age-span of
reproductive age be expanded to 10-49. This is be
relevant for the indicators under target 3.7, 5.2, 5.3
and 5.6. It would ensure that there is an accurate
picture of the reproductive health of all girls and
women, not just those over the age of 15. It would
highlight specific needs for those girls who are
married or exposed to sexual intercourse at a very
young age. For indicators under target 5.2 and 5.3
women above the age of 49 need to be included,
as they are equally vulnerable to violence (5.2) and
to have undergone FGM/C (5.3).
The problem here is to align to the find another ways to match groups for example you
accountability framework for corporations set don't seem to match women and disability and
by GRI and other bodies. The Sdgs and children and disability.
measuring improvements on the goals and
related target should become the rule for
accounting within the government and
corporate sector.
A robust indicator framework will be At a minimum, data should be disaggregated on
necessary for monitoring and accountability the basis of age, sex, gender, geography, income,
mechanisms at the national, regional and disability, race and ethnicity and other factors as
international levels. This is also critical for relevant to monitoring inequalities
private sector accountability. The private
sector has a responsibility to collect accurate
data about their environmental and social
impact in support of national data collection
systems. A robust indicator framework will be
necessary for monitoring and accountability
mechanisms at the national, regional and
international levels. This is also critical for
private sector accountability. The private
sector has a responsibility to collect accurate
data about their environmental and social
impact in support of national data collection
systems.
Within the scope of our network and the For many of the indicators proposed on youth and
broader global education community, we’re adult education we suggest for them to be
committed to communicate and disseminate disaggregated by income quintile, sex, age,
all relevant information of the sustainable race/ethnicity, disability, rural and urban place of
development agenda through electronic residence; and other categories that may be
means, meetings, articles, and capacity identified at the national level, using data of both
building processes. Beyond that, we plan to formal and informal economy.
follow-up the implementation of the agenda To properly monitor the progress the education for
and data collection of non-formal youth and all goal and targets, a bigger effort must be done to
adult education and lifelong learning at a collect disaggregated data by age groups. ICAE
national level, in cooperation with our believes stongly that the indicator 4.4.1 would be
members. wholly inadequate as a reflection of the inclusive
commitment of the goal 4, and would similarly
discriminate against the achievement of the lifelong
learning dimensions of the goal. We believe the
arbitrary cut off of population above 64 in surveys
of adults is no longer helpful or functional in a
rapidly ageing society, and in economies where
people have to continue working above this age to
secure their existence.
We recognized that to monitor the fulfilment of adult
education targets, requires information on values,
attitudes and non-academic skills that in the
majority of countries are not assessed by national
education systems. However, there are
opportunities to collect disaggregated information
through household and labour force surveys.
To uphold the full exercise of the human right to
education for all, children, youth and adults in this
agenda will require significant investment, by
national governments and development partners
alike, and to backed all targets with appropriate
monitoring and accountability. The failure to
achieve even the modest educational targets for
adults will result in ‘hundreds of millions left behind.’
These comments relate specifically to our above
input on the Living Planet Index (LPI). The data
that comprises the Living Planet Index Database
(which is freely available from
www.livingplanetindex.org) can be disaggregated in
a variety of ways. To date, disaggregations have
been made by region/country, various taxonomic
groups, protected/non-protected populations, and
comparisons have been made to country average
economic income, corruption index, etc. As such,
we feel that the Living Planet Index, or some
indicator derived or including these data, would
present significant value and opportunity across a
range of indicators relating to a number of different
SDG targets.
Topic 21: Identify interlinkages across goals and
targets with the purpose of reducing the total number
of indicators, using text and scientific analysis
It’s time to take back streets space from cars and give it
back, to its residents.
The integrative nature of Goal 11, especially around
implementation, implies considerable synergy with at least
11 other SDGs and their Targets and Indicators [SDGs on
Poverty (#1), Food (#2), Health (#3), Education (#4),
Gender (#5), Water and Sanitation (#6), Energy (#7),
Growth and Employment (#8), Infrastructure (#9),
Inequality (#10) and Climate Change (#13)].
Targets 11.5, 1.5, 13.1, 2.4 and any others which suggest
measuring the direct impact of disaster events (e.g. 14.2)
"Percentage of people who report that they feel safe
walking alone at night in the city or area where they live" -
useful for targets 5.2, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.7, 16.2.
The indicators for 11.2 and 11.7 are related to target 3.4
as walking and cycling is an important way for people to
achieve physical activity and public spaces are important
places where the public can achieve their needed
physical activity (physical inactivity is a major risk factor
for NCDs).
The debate around the Sustainable Development Goals
has emphasized that a sustainable development
approach should lead to the eradication of a strictly
sectoral or ‘silo’ approach to development. We would
strongly urge the IAEG-SDGs to favour indicators that cut
across targets and where possible cut across goals. For
example:
• Targets 1.5, 2.4, 11.5, and 13.1 all highlight the need
for enhanced resilience to climate change and disasters.
Developing a single indicator that captures resilience and
applying such a single indictor to all four targets would
help to further the integrated approach that the
sustainable development goals seek to foster. A
resilience target should extend beyond the issue of
human loss and include both the stock and flow value of
economic loss.
The process for developing the indicators must be transparent, accountable and
participatory. There must be adequate space globally for civil society groups to
contribute to the IAEG and nationally, with NSOs actively involving civil society
whether as data producers and/or users.
The scope and ambition of the goals and targets must be preserved and the
indicator set must include the means to measure all the main outcomes stated in a
goal or target.
The indicators are generally fine. There is however need to ensure a mix of both
qualitative and quantitative indicators. Finally dis-aggregation of data should
address all categories of group[s that are could be disadvantaged or made
vulnerable in various circumstances and geographical location
As a member, AJWS supports the submission of the Women's Major Group and
calls the IAEG-SDGs particular attention to the general comments made as part of
that submission.
We believe that the Statistical Commission should pay utmost attention to select a
number of SDG Indicators that is sufficient to inform progress at least on all the
elements of SDG targets that are quantified. Limiting the number of indicators to a
lower number would have a material political impact since it would reduce de facto
the ambition of the SDG resolution that will be adopted by the UN General
Assembly end Sept 2015. To avoid such a disappointment, we believe that the
proposed list should be augmented by:
- An indicator on access to hygiene for all to inform progress towards target 6.2
- An indicator on water flows withdrawn unsustainably to inform progress
towards ensuring sustainable withdrawals (target 6.4)
We strongly recommend the stronger participation of civil society in the
development of the indicator framework and the implementation of the SDG
monitoring system at national, regional and global levels, including sectoral
monitoring systems on education, health, poverty, gender and other social
development concerns. There should be civil society participation with full
representation and voting rights in all policy and decision bodies on the planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the SDGs.
There should be full access and disclosure policy on all information on the SDGs,
including revenue and financing measures that will be adopted and implemented by
governments, donors and international bodies. Often, information is denied and
kept from public scrutiny using all flimsy excuses to deprive public access to
information. States must legislate and implement freedom of information if indeed
there is value to any monitoring system.
2015 is very critical year as lots of global frameworks will be decided and it is also
good opportunity to align various indicators particularly for local level action as for
the vulnerable communities including governments there is no difference in terms of
the risk due to poor development or due to natural hazards. As a network of grass
root civil societies we urge IAEG-SDGs to work based on holistic approach.
There is currently an urban bias in many of the targets. Please ensure that rural
women's empowerment and sustainable economic growth in rural areas, can be
measured
OLDER PEOPLE MAIINLY OLDER WOMEN
First, we would make a further recommendation in relation to Target 16.3. See also
Topics 16, 20 & 21. Recommendation F: While preferred, the indicator on access to
a fair dispute mechanism in the May ‘15 version needs to be further specified at the
national level. We recommend that any measurement in practice involves a
combination of quantitative and qualitative data reflecting users’ experiences and
also includes access to legal advice and legal aid. There are aspects of this broader
indicator on access to a fair dispute mechanism which we would wish to highlight.
First, elements of this indicator would require clear definition and specification (for
example “dispute”, “fair”, types of mechanisms etc.), particularly in order to allow for
cross-country comparisons. Second, the concept of “fairness” would seem to
require a combination of both quantitative data and data from experience surveys.
This is important because it suggests an understanding of access to justice which
better serves the aim of the new development Agenda: “leave no one behind”.
Third, we welcome that the indicator covers a broad range of “formal, informal,
alternative or traditional” dispute mechanisms, rather than being limited to court-
based mechanisms. However, the language of access to dispute mechanisms does
not appear to include other aspects of access to justice, such as access to legal
advice and legal aid (whether these relate to dispute mechanisms or otherwise).
For example, many issues do not come before a “dispute mechanism” as such, but
are otherwise resolved by access to legal advice, including informal advice.
Second, the Bingham Centre (which is a constituent part of the British Institute of
International and Comparative Law) has undertaken a range of further work on the
SDGs, which is available on our website: http://www.biicl.org/bingham-
centre/projects/developmentagenda. In particular:
(1) The Bingham Centre made a submission to the UK Office for National
Statistics in August 2015 to input into its work on the SDGs indicators, which
focused on the measurement of Target 16.3 and included
comments/recommendations relating to the indicator proposals before the IAEG-
SDGs.
(2) The Centre’s ONS submission draws particularly on our recent report
'Measuring Policy on Access to Justice and Taxation in the UK', March 2015, which
was commissioned by the Open Society Justice Initiative.
In addition to being feasible, suitable and relevant, the following considerations
should apply to the framework. Indicators should be:
• Outcome-focussed. In general, they should measure whether desired outcomes
are achieved rather than on whether policies, regulations and processes are put in
place. Nations and organisations should be free to choose their own ways of
making progress towards the targets, so long as they do not compromise other
SDG targets on the way.
• Established. Ideally, indicators need to already be established and in use in
several nations – even if not yet used by many national statistical offices. If a
chosen indicator is relatively new and not yet widely in use, the data which
underpins it must already be being collected in some countries. The data needs to
be independently verifiable and able to be generated at a reasonable cost.
However, there may be a need for a limited number of relatively novel and
undeveloped indicators to be adopted if progress cannot be adequately measured
by existing indicators. That reflects inherent metrics challenge set by a few targets;
for example 2.4 on sustainable agriculture.
• Tightly linked to the target and policy relevant.
• Multi-level. The indicators need to apply primarily at the national/state level, given
that member state governments have lead responsibility in implementing the post-
2015 agenda, goals and targets. However, governments will need the support of
business, civil society and citizens. So there must also be maximum scope for
different levels to use the indicators to monitor and report their own progress, down
to individual enterprises, local and regional governments and even individual
families.
• Capable of being regularly and widely reported on. Nations should be able to
commit to reporting on the indicators, preferably annually without multi-year time
lags, although biennial and triennial reporting may be appropriate for some. That
requires support to build data gathering and analysis capabilities especially in
LDCs.
• Universal. Core indicators should be meaningful and viable for every member
state. Supplementary country, region and sector- specific indicators can be
developed and adopted if stakeholders find them useful in pursuing sustainable
development. In the case of a few indicators which measure under-consumption,
most developed nations reached one end of the scale decades ago. Yet they
should still be considered as universal indicators and included in the set.
The global fertilizer industry association (IFA), its members and national fertilizer
associations like Fertilizer Canada (formally known as the Canadian Fertilizer
Institute) and The Fertilizer Institute are developing strategic programs across the
globe to address international food security. The global fertilizer industry is
committed to balancing the economic, social and environmental goals of its
stakeholders, including farm groups, homeowners, researchers, conservationists,
governments, industry members and communities. CAAR, in representing
agricultural retailers across Canada – a critical support network for farmers,
providing knowledge and guidance to support their economic, social, and
environmental sustainability – supports the development and implementation of
these important programs.
The global fertilizer industry supports 4R Nutrient Stewardship Best Management
Practices which align with the principles of Climate Smart Agriculture and contribute
to the United Nation’s key deliverables for 2015. 4R Nutrient Stewardship is a
science-based approach which works to increase production/profitability for farmers
while enhancing environmental protection and improving sustainability. To achieve
these goals, the 4Rs encourage farmers to use fertilizer management practices that
ensure the right source is applied at the right rate, at the right time and in the right
place.
The United Nations has a unique opportunity to take advantage of advancements
made by the global fertilizer industry, and to develop goals and indicators that
balance environmental and economic performance. CAAR would encourage the
United Nations to contemplate the following:
• Adopt and support science-based decision-making on matters affecting
agricultural productivity and food security.
• Support and promote 4R Nutrient Stewardship program as a solution to help
increase agricultural productivity in developing countries.
• Recognize the actions undertaken by the global fertilizer industry to promote
the principles of 4R Nutrient Stewardship as a means to end hunger, achieve food
security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
• Support and promote the 4R Nutrient Stewardship program as a means to
protect water quality.
• Support and promote the Nitrous Oxide Emission Reduction Protocol as a
solution to help integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies
and planning.
- CARE believes that indicators should measure the more complex aspects of each
target, not just the easiest to evaluate, or be based on what is currently being
measured. For example when it comes to measuring progress on targets that
largely or partly depend on shifting social norms (e.g. ending gender discrimination)
methods and indicators are promising but still emerging - including through
research and programming initiatives currently being undertaken by UNICEF, CARE
and others. Given that the SDG agenda has been framed as transformational, it
presents a historic opportunity to push the data and evidence base forward, rather
than being constrained by the data that is currently available.
- As a related point, we believe that there must be scope for further development of
the indicator framework in the coming years, in particular, for updating indicators as
global and national capacity for collecting complex data develops and as contexts
change.
- We also strongly believe that all data should be regulated by frameworks that
guarantee data privacy, confidentiality, and protection, across data collection,
analysis, and management.
While the importance of respecting national policies and measures is clear, the
framework should still aim to maximise comparability across countries of what is
measured and reported. This will be vital if we are to properly assess global
progress towards the Goals.
We note that this indicator framework relies to a great extend on quantitative
indicators, however numeric measures won't cover everything, and where there
aren’t any, we need to push national and regional frameworks to develop qualitative
measures and to combine them (e.g.: happiness and well-being data relies on
asking people on a 5 point scale how happy they are - there are obvious
equivalents in relation to unmet learning needs).
We need to redouble our efforts to secure robust data on youth adult learning
beyond school. With almost 800 million illiterate men and women in the world, from
which more than 60% are women, we can afford to wait another 15 years to see
only limited progress. Indicators on functional literacy and numeracy need to be
seeing in context and as a continuum. This requires enriching and skilling people to
analyse household surveys, which could provide much better data on adult literacy
but might involve the development of different methodologies for consistent data
and comparison. Furthermore, there is plenty of analysis and research from civil
society and academia that could complement national data collection, so their
engagement in the monitoring process is essential. Various reviews, overviews,
project results and studies of national and international organizations could be also
used in a combination with the national statistics.
In the face of complexity that characterize the socio-environmental issues it is
important that sufficiently representative indicators are defined, but they must be
linked to viable targets as you run the risk that has indicators as mere statistical
data that do not represent the desired changes. Thus it is important to understand
that integrate goals, since a single action can often serve more than one target and
more than one goal. On the other hand, the planning of actions, their goals and
their indicators must necessarily be always thought with a systemic view and
complexity.
Ambition and innovation are imperative if we are to take this agenda seriously.
Having ‘orphan’ targets without indicators will reduce the scope, balance and
ambition of the agenda considerably. Meanwhile, many targets will absolutely
require more than one indicator, especially those that clearly have multiple
elements to them (e.g. 10.4 on fiscal, wage and social protection policies or 16.4
which encompasses arms flows, illicit financial flows, stolen assets and all forms of
organized crime). Therefore, we urge the IAEG to select a list of indicators which
can accurately measure the agenda in its entirety.
Only state parties to a treaty have the final authority to define their obligations
under such treaty. No UN body or mandate holder has ever received a mandate
taking away this prerogative from sovereign states.
This would confuse the respective mandates of entities that form part of the human
rights system, which are independently established, and the mandate of the UN
system in carrying out development assistance, which is directly overseen by inter-
governmental processes in the GA and ECOSOC.
Moreover, the legal advice produced within the secretariat, treaty bodies, special
mandate holders, as well as United Nations agencies and funds, is unsound in
areas involving social policy, especially with regard to abortion and sexual
orientation and gender identity.
To base the follow-up and review on unsound legal advice would not bode well for
the agenda going forward.
I have made recommendations only in SDG 5, SDG -1, SDG - 7, SDG - 8, SDG -
13.
The SDGs are better than MDGs in several aspects. Apart from expanding content
and coverage the framework of sustainable development and national autonomy
are positive points.
It is not sufficient for a country to reduce the incidence and number of new cases of
mental illness. It is also necessary to ensure that the impact of mental disorders on
society is diminished. For this purpose, the Global Burden of Disease study has
developed the terms "Disability Adjusted Life Years" (DALY) and “Years Lived with
Disability” (YLD). The figures are precisely defined and calculated regularly for all
countries in the world from the best available data. From a social policy perspective,
it may be more important to reduce countries' disease burden from mental disorders
than it is to reduce the incidence. The objectives of disease burden and
prevalence / incidence are not overlapping, but complementary.
Climate change and the SDGs are locked in a symbiotic relationship: while climate
change will significantly impact the success of the SDGs, the SDGs are able to
promote action towards climate mitigation and adaptation . Appropriate climate-
proofing of the whole SDG framework can ensure the framework strongly supports
the implementation of ambitious climate agreement in Paris in December, over the
next 15 years. To reach these likely ambitious targets, the SDG indicators need to
be climate-proofed.
Climate-proofing the SDGs framework requires strategic indicators across the post-
2015 framework that ensure significant progress in mitigation and adaptation,
globally. Such indicators should elicit measurable data that promotes the
appropriate management of climate within each SDG target and enables progress
to be reliably assessed.
The complexity and disparate effects of climate change mean that simplistic
indicators relying on readily available statistical data alone are not appropriate for
acquiring a realistic indication of progress. Instead, indicators for climate related
targets need to be multi-dimensional: they should measure the progress of
sustainable development and the exacerbation of sustainable development needs
due to climate change impacts, while also ensuring that mitigation and adaptation
targets are being met.
For targets 4.a, 11.2 and 11.7, which refer to accessibility by persons with
disabilities, the indicators can be based on existing ISO standards for accessibility
to buildings or "minimum national standards of accessibility by persons with
disabilities". The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities refers to
universal design, but there is not an operational currently used international
definition of accessibility/universal design. Countries tend to either use existing ISO
standards or make their own assessments of accessible schools, accessible public
buildings, and accessible transport according to national standards.
Also: given that the previous comments and recommendations are largely inspired
by the very instructive UN-DESA/UN-CRPD Secretariat technical note "Disability
indicators for the SDG Framework", which had been developed in close
consultation with many civil society stakeholders, incl. CBM, and which had been
submitted to the IAEG-SDGs in due time, CBM urges the IAEG-SDGs to draw back
on the recommendations contained therein for the remainder course of their work.
Finally, for the remainder process of developing global SDG-indicators as well as for
an updating and expanding/adapting of the by March 2016 to be adopted initial
global indicator Framework, the IAEG-SDGs should allow for meaningful, timely
and comprehensive consultation with civil Society actors, including disabled
person's organizations.
Stillbirths remain the single largest uncounted accountability agenda for deaths
after the MDGs. Stillbirth prevention is closely linked to adverse outcomes for both
women and child and is a concern in both rich and poor countries. SBR is a core
indicator in ENAP & is critical to measure–even more so since a specific target is
not including in the SDGs. Efforts to prevent stillbirths will also reduce maternal and
newborn mortality. We sincerely hope the SDGs will not make the same mistake
and overlook this indicator which not only measures a mortality outcome but also
can be used to measure quality and equity of health care for a women in pregnancy
and around the time of birth.
CCCRdg Papers_Campaigning for Transport and climate change a Monthly Car-
Free Work-Day PLANET and ambient air quality (Urban Action) as a contribution,
comments on the list of indicator proposals (as of 11 August 2015) currently under
discussion by the IAEG-SDGs - Climate Change Centre Reading (CCCRdg)
Please see comments on the list of indicator proposals (as of 11 August 2015)
currently under discussion by the IAEG-SDGs, sent to email address
statistics@un.org
Please find below Climate Change Centre Reading´s (CCCRdg) comments on the
list of indicator proposals (as of 11 August 2015) currently under discussion by the
IAEG-SDGs;
The final session of Open Consultation of Civil Society, Academia and the Private
Sector on the Global Indicator Framework for the Goals and Targets of the
Sustainable Development. This agenda will be launched at a New York Summit in
September 2015
Although the targets indicate the importance of land rights for sustainable
development, none of the indicators prioritized to date would sufficiently measure
land rights for all men and women. Given the importance of land rights to
sustainable development generally -- including for poverty reduction, food security,
women's empowerment, conflict minimization, etc -- this appears to be a significant
oversight. Would suggest an indicator such as that suggested by UNEP for Target
1.4, which could perhaps take the place of the more narrow indicator focused on
women's ownership of agricultural land.
In the final drafts of Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, the co-facilitators added antimicrobial resistance to paragraph 26. It
was a very important issue not properly addressed in the SDGs. This indicator
remedies the omission.
The targets and indicators associated with SDG 11 provide important opportunities
for collaboration across local, regional and national governments for tracking,
reporting, and implementing the goal. Goal 11 also has strong linkages to spatial
analysis and the “Data Revolution,” allowing for enhanced linkages across the
SDGs.
To effectively track the progress of Goal11, Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, it is essential to have systematic,
comparable and consistent information on cities around the globe over time.
Unfortunately, such information does not currently exist.
Subnational and local governments are both important providers of relevant data for
tracking indicators, as well as front-line users of such data for implementing the
Post-2015 Development Agenda, including SDG 11. Moreover, subnational and
CI commends the open and inclusive approach to developing the indicator
framework, and is grateful for the opportunity to comment. However, CI is still
concerned that the SDGs take a very narrow approach to consumer protection, a
tool which can support the delivery of many goals and targets. We urge the IAEG-
SDGs to consider the multiple ways in which consumer protection can provide such
cross-cutting benefits for the 2030 Agenda (see
http://www.consumersinternational.org/media/1488820/the-role-of-consumer-
protection-in-meeting-the-sdgs_updated-jan15.pdf), and how such a simple
indicator, ‘Number of countries implementing the UN Guidelines for Consumer
Protection', can help to monitor and secure its achievement.
We welcome the fact that the list of proposed indicators is more comprehensive
than the first version of the list that was presented during the first IAEG meeting.
Most targets in the outcome document of the post-2015 agenda will need at least
two indicators to meaningfully monitor the implementation of the agenda. Where
two indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover the content of the targets, we
suggest additional indicators.
It is explicitly affirmed in the Outcome Document for the 2030 sustainable
development agenda that the SDGs should contribute to the realisation of human
rights - while human rights instrument should guide the strategies for their
implementation. However, it is not well understood what the concrete linkages are
between human rights and the 17 goals and 169 targets.
Therefore, the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR) has undertaken a
comprehensive mapping of the human rights references implicitly or explicitly
embedded in the SDG targets. Based on this mapping, DIHR has further
undertaken a review of the proposed priority indicators, in order to assess their
reference and relevance to human rights, as well as the correspondence between
indicators and targets (see Annex A for the methodology applied).
The full mapping of targets and human rights references as well as the review of
indicators is available at: DIHR website: www.humanrights.dk/sdg-guide
Data coverage and quality are not sufficient to accurately monitor progress of the
sustainable development goal (SDG) of ‘ending poverty in all its forms everywhere’.
We need investments in data collection, including baseline data, to inform
progress. Without this, efforts to reach the poorest people and make the
investments needed to end poverty cannot be appropriately targeted and their
success cannot be measured.
• There are multiple sources of data – such as survey, administrative, big and
feedback data –that can be improved and used to inform policy and monitor
progress in complementary ways.
It will be essential that different data types can be used in complementary ways to
inform our understanding of needs, access to services and resources and the
effectiveness of investments, including by triangulating official data. Both private
and public stakeholders have a role to play in collecting and sharing data to inform
efforts to reduce poverty. An ecosystem of data producers and users working on a
common agenda for better data can inform better allocation of resources to end
poverty.
DITTA , the Global Diagnostic Imaging Healthcare IT & Radiation Therapy Trade
Association, welcomes the opportunity to contribute to the discussion on indicators
for the SDGs.
Generally speaking, the public and policymakers alike are aware medical devices
play an important role in contributing to medical outcomes in countries at all levels
of development. For example, many of the advances in treating diseases such as
HIV, malaria or multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) have depended on
diagnosing such diseases, while cost-effective technologies such as infant warmers
have reduced infant mortality. Thus, it can hardly be questioned whether access to
such devices exists as an important consideration in healthcare policy – clearly this
is the case.
However, the lack of a globally accepted framework, a clear methodology or
indicators to measure access and uptake of such technologies have hampered
development of a robust policy framework aimed at improving access and ensuring
minimum standards are met. It is important that there is room for innovative thinking
and thought leadership to develop such a framework for medical devices.
As DITTA, a NGO representing more than 600 medical technology manufacturers,
we are committed to improving health care and patient outcomes. Medical
technologies tend to be linked to areas of healthcare– such as medical IT,
diagnostic imaging, or radiotherapy, and thus are integrated in all levels of the
health system. Proposals to set metrics on this basis – such as stipulating minimum
number of devices per million population – have some advantages, but also ignore
that the real measure of effectiveness is how they are utilized to generate specific
outcomes.
As DITTA we believe a different approach may be worth considering, in which
recommendations for medical technology and the measurement of their
effectiveness is linked to their use in disease-specific care pathways. The concept
is simple but powerful: to assess for each disease area at which stage medical
devices are utilized in the patient journey from prevention, to screening, to
diagnosis, to treatment and to palliative care, and to identify how the use of
technologies can be applied in each disease area to achieve optimal outcomes.
We propose to develop representative “Pathways of Care”, which could, among
other indicators and sub-indicators, define the required number of healthcare
professionals, the required content and level of their training, the appropriate
medical equipment etc.
For targets 4.a, 11.2 and 11.7, which refer to accessibility by persons with
disabilities, the indicators can be based on existing ISO standards for accessibility
to buildings or "minimum national standards of accessibility by persons with
disabilities". The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities refers to
universal design, but there is not an operational currently used international
definition of accessibility/universal design. Countries tend to either use existing ISO
standards or make their own assessments of accessible schools, accessible public
buildings, and accessible transport according to national standards.
An integrated indicator is an indicator on which progress entails multiple thematic
“wins”, in this context these wins are related to human health, environmental
sustainability and development. The fundamental strength of integrated indicators is
that they measure both environmental and human health outcomes of diet. The
proposed integrated indicators contribute to the global monitoring of SDGs in
addition to thematic reporting on targets related to food systems and diets.
Among the 169 proposed targets, 62 relate to food (Annex 3). Notably, significant
emphasis is placed on sustainable food production and natural resource use across
these targets, whereas proposed targets seem to neglect nutrition related
challenges.
The number of SDG targets implies that every globally harmonized indicator has to
be carefully selected in order to keep the total of global indicators manageable with
existing and future data collection abilities. Our proposal highlights 11 integrated
indicators, each to be assigned to a cluster of targets.
Please add whom within the different organizations we can contact to discuss
indicators and baselines. FOr ex ITU point of contact or mail box. WB point of
contact or mailbox. etc
WHen will the baselines be added to the indicators work?
Regarding 16.4.1 (illicit financial flows), please do not set the indicators in 'concrete'
yet. See if the few individual-country studies that are being prepared are at all
compatible with existing regional or global estimates. If they are incompatible, this
calls into question the exercise until many more individual-country studies have
been undertaken.
We need to redouble our efforts to secure robust data on youth adult learning
beyond school. With almost 800 million illiterate men and women in the world, from
which more than 60% are women, we can afford to wait another 15 years to see
only limited progress. Indicators on functional literacy and numeracy need to be
seeing in context and as a continuum. This requires enriching and skilling people to
analyse household surveys, which could provide much better data on adult literacy
but might involve the development of different methodologies for consistent data
and comparison. Furthermore, there is plenty of analysis and research from civil
society and academia that could complement national data collection, so their
engagement in the monitoring process is essential. Various reviews, overviews,
project results and studies of national and international organizations could be also
used in a combination with the national statistics.
In order to get a clear picture of women's and men's economic status by gender, the
framework of indicators needed to address women's economic inequalities
effectively must produce data on three interlinked aspects of women's economic
existences:
(1) women's and men's total incomes (defined broadly as including all cash
transfers as well as earned incomes, investment incomes, occasional receipts, and
other cash flows) -- as well as the relative composition of those incomes; and
(2) women's and men's total paid work time, including time to travel to and from
paid work; and
(3) women's and men's total unpaid work time, broken down by domestic and care
work in own home and in homes of others, self-care, education, and leisure times,
with information on the numbers of others in the household needing care.
No human being has more than 24 hours a day. So long as women remain
responsible for disproportionate amounts of unpaid work and low-wage and/or low-
hours work, economic inequality will remain a physical impossibility for most women
in the world. These factors are exacerbated for racialized, indigenous, disabled,
poor, and aging women and men, all of which are important breakouts that must be
able to be generated with appropriate data.
Creating a safe and just space for humanity to thrive with planetary and social
boundaries is a key global change for the XXIst century. We believe the social,
human rights, economic aspects of sustainable development should be more
explicit in the indicators.
In terms of production, not all methods of production and trade (e.g. fairly traded or
sustainably produced or not), type of organisations (e.g. Fair Trade organisations or
inclusive business models or not) deliver the same sustainable development
outcomes. The proportion/volumes of key commodities PRODUCED under
sustainable or Fair Trade schemes, and then the proportions of those commodities
that are then SOLD or traded as certified from/within those countries into the
consumer market (ie that are then part of a sustainable consumption offer) would
be useful indicators.
We welcome the fact the list of proposed indicators is more comprehensive than the
first version of the list that was presented during the first IAEG meeting. Most
targets in the draft outcome document of post-2015 development agenda will need
at least two indicators to meaningfully monitor the implementation of the post-2015
agenda. Indicators may be developed that contribute to multiple targets and
measure the impact of multiple inputs, but some targets will require multiple
indicators. The number of indicators should not be arbitrarily limited, but should live
up to the ambition of the sustainable development goals and targets. It is essential
for the global indicator framework to include indicators that measure progress
against all 169 targets, not just the pieces that are easier to address. Where two
indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover the content of the targets, we suggest
additional indicators.
The indicator framework is too complex and contains too many variables to
measure. Poor countries, where the need is the greatest, will most likely not be able
to mobilise enough resources to measure progress.
The global fertilizer industry association (IFA), its members and national fertilizer
associations like Fertilizer Canada (formally known as the Canadian Fertilizer
Institute) and The Fertilizer Institute are developing strategic programs across the
globe to address international food security. The global fertilizer industry is
committed to balancing the economic, social and environmental goals of our
stakeholders, including farm groups, homeowners, researchers, conservationists,
governments, industry members and communities.
The global fertilizer industry supports 4R Nutrient Stewardship Best Management
Practices which align with the principles of Climate Smart Agriculture and contribute
to the United Nation’s key deliverables for 2015. 4R Nutrient Stewardship is a
science-based approach which works to increase production/profitability for farmers
while enhancing environmental protection and improving sustainability. To achieve
these goals, the 4Rs encourage farmers to use fertilizer management practices that
ensure the right source is applied at the right rate, at the right time and in the right
place.
The United Nations has a unique opportunity to take advantage of advancements
made by the global fertilizer industry, and to develop a goals and indicators that
balance environmental and economic performance. The United Nations should
contemplate the following:
•Adopt and support science-based decision-making on matters affecting agricultural
productivity and food security.
•Support and promote 4R Nutrient Stewardship program as a solution to help
increase agricultural productivity in developing countries.
•Recognize the actions undertaken by the global fertilizer industry to promote the
principles of 4R Nutrient Stewardship as a means to end hunger, achieve food
security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
•Support and promote the 4R Nutrient Stewardship program as a means to protect
water quality.
•Support and promote the Nitrous Oxide Emission Reduction Protocol as a solution
to help integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and
planning.
FIABCI, the International Real Estate Federation, is an umbrella organization
representative the RE private sector with a long history of cooperation with UN and
International Organizations; it is focused on SD of Real Estate markets, of Cities
and Regions, of Housing, covering directly or indirectly all the thematic area of
point 6 of this questionnaire and all the 17 SDGs.
The Real Estate private sector is a major structural component of national
economies (representing roughly 70% of global wealth) and the driving force for
economic growth, that, through its involvement in housing, has a major impact on
cities and societies SD; further an appropriate RE property registration and
representation is a relevant instrument for eradicating poverty in developing
countries as it has been shown in countries that applied the Hernando de Soto
theory; an accurate evaluation of value and risk of RE assets backing financial
products constitutes a relevant contribution at global financial stability. As noted at
Rio+20, the market and the private sector play a key role in implementing global
sustainability and financing it.
Since Rio+20 FIABCI is focused, other than SD of Real Estate Markets and
Housing, on Cities SD, based on the cooperation of private RE sector with local
and national authorities; FIABCI signed on 2014 a partnership in WUC of
UNHABITAT and an Innovating Partnership with Cities Programme, the urban
component of Global Compact, and on the basis of this Partnership produced an
alfa version of a software to assess Cities SD, according to Circles of Sustainability
theory, with the methodology and process given at that time by GC Cities
programme. The alfa version has still a restricted access online ( id: admin, pwd:
city) at
cities.mesys.it
This software could be modified in an experimental beta version, considering the
indicators related to cities, that will be decided by UN and implemented by inputs
coming from the preparation and then finalized with the outcomes of HABITAT III.
From the dropbox it is possible to download more info about FIABCI activities to
support SD, about the software and the indicators will be used and to download
the documents to which these comments refer:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/5ofolldyb46fwg0/Documents%20related%20to
%20FIABCI%20comments%20to%20SDGs%20Indicators%20Public
%20Survey.doc?dl=0
When referring to young people, indicators should take into consideration national
definitions rather than one universal age limit.
Important to take into account philanthropic data which will be tracked by
Foundation Center, UNDP and the SDG Philanthropy Platform as a whole. The
Platform will work to encourage foundations to understand the need for data and
encourage them to use SDG indicators through country level capacity building
mechanisms from the starting point of awareness and understanding, knowledge
building and eventually to data sharing and exchange.
FRAmericas is proposing to undertake an independent indicator follow-up project,
fed by civil society organizations, to contribute to the efforts of IAEG-SDGs
specifically regarding 17.6 (enhance North-South, South-South and triangular
regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and
innovation, and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including
through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, particularly at UN
level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism when agreed) and
17.8 (fully operationalize the Technology Bank and STI (Science, Technology and
Innovation) capacity building mechanism for LDCs by 2017, and enhance the use
of enabling technologies in particular ICT).
The affordability indicator meets all criteria outlined by the IAEG-SDGs process.
Accessible: There are readily available, transparent and credible data sources
available, in the WHO’s GTCR, statistical agencies’ consumer price data, and
biennial reports by all Parties to the FCTC via mandatory reporting instrument. Data
on GDP per capita may come from Word Bank’s World Development Indicators
database for per capita GDP.
Relevant: In countries where incomes and purchasing power are growing rapidly
and/or tobacco taxes are not keeping up with inflation and/or income growth,
tobacco is becoming increasingly more affordable, with the potential to more than
counteract the positive health impact of non-tax measures to control tobacco use.
This is particularly relevant for developing countries which are experiencing rapid
rates of economic growth, many of which are seeing sharp increases in tobacco
use prevalence and/or tobacco-caused mortality. Guidelines on implementation of
Article 6 of the WHO FCTC highlight the need to consider the affordability of
tobacco products as a key measure of effective tobacco tax policies. Measuring
affordability will provide an interim measure of policy change necessary to assess
efforts to strengthen implementation of the WHO FCTC, especially in developing
countries.
Price and tax measures on tobacco are explicitly highlighted by the Addis Ababa
Action Agenda as an effective and important tool to reduce tobacco consumption
and health-care costs, as well as a potential revenue stream for development at
country level (para 32).
Integrated agenda: No target can be met if the implementation of it, implies that
another target is threaten or violated. Solutions for one target needs to contemplate
the respect of the realization of the whole agenda targets.
In order to actually reach the most marginalized, disaggregation of urban and rural,
need to goes beyond. And measure the percentage of the improvement for the
most abandoned communities in urban and in rural groups.
the post-2015 agenda must contain an explicit commitment that no target shall be
considered met unless it is met for all social and economic groups. No one must be
left behind by virtue of their gender, age, disability, income, geography or ethnicity.
SDG 11.7: We support indicator 11.7.1 but stresse the importance of adoption of
additional indicators to measure the quality and distribution of public space. As
these indicators have to rest on robust evidence there is a need for a continued
research to develop contextual indicators.
-Increase by one-third the amount of urban public space over total urban land area,
meet WHO’s suggested minimum of 9 square meters open space per resident, and
ensure that there is an accessible public park or recreational open space within
half-a-kilometer (walking distance) of every city resident by 2030 (Urban
Environmental Accords, Action 10)
-Increase measures to protect vulnerable groups particularly women and girls from
violence and harassment, including sexual harassment and bullying, in both public
and private spaces, to address security and safety, through awareness-raising,
involvement of local communities, crime prevention laws, policies, programmes,
improved urban planning, infrastructures, public transport and street lighting, and
also through social and interactive media (CSW, 2013)
-Extend the rule of law and policing to all urban areas, reduce violent deaths in
urban areas per 100,000 by x, including traffic-related accidents and violence
against women and children
-Increase access (multiple access) to multipurpose public space and services, for
all but particularly for vulnerable groups that depend on the use of public space for
their livelihoods (Percentage of citizens living within 300m of public open areas)
-Increase the proportion of permeable, walkable and green (unsealed/unpaved)
public land in cities and increase the environmental services and biodiversity in
public space, and by 2030 ensure all city-regions achieve a tree canopy of at least
25% of land area
-Include in national frameworks and action plans a “Cultural Impact Assessment”
mechanism for urbanization processes in order to improve and/or preserve the
cultural quality of public spaces (through public art, distinctive architecture, design,
and landscapes)
-Promote the active participation of citizens in urban planning, including of women,
children and vulnerable groups, and measure the societal engagement. Also
measure the urban population’s satisfaction with the city’s management of its public
space
In addition to global, national and regional indicators cities and local government
should be supported to propose city-wide strategies and action plans for public
space implementation.
Human rights and equity underpin the 17 SDG’s. Every year immunisation averts 2
to 3 million infant deaths globally from deadly diseases such as diphtheria, hepatitis
B, measles, mumps, pertussis, polio and tetanus. Vaccines save lives, but 1 in 5
children, an estimated 21.8 million infants worldwide, still miss out on basic
vaccines. This indicator is recognition that every child has the right to lead a
healthy life, and vaccination is a vital step.
It is recognised that the SDG’s and targets are integrated, global in nature and
universally applicable. Also central to the SDG discourse is that national ownership
is key to achieving sustainable development. The proposed indicator is universal in
its application given its relevance to all countries irrespective of their GNI. As it
focuses on the scale up of access to vaccines in the national schedule, the
indicator reinforces country-led development.
Immunisation coverage has long been a recognised and widely used measure of
health. In the past it has often focussed on a single antigen or vaccine, such as the
last dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. The added value of the proposed
indicator is that it is responsive to scientific and development advances by
measuring coverage of all vaccines in national programmes. It aligns with the intent
of the SDGs to have relevance at the national level, across all countries, and be
able to be meaningfully aggregated.
Thanks to the determination of developing country and donor governments, Gavi
has recently mobilised the resources to significantly scale up new vaccine use and
expand coverage of vaccines in routine national systems. The coming years will
see significant shifts in vaccine use and coverage, with a potential transformational
impact on people’s health and well-being. Therefore while the proposed indicator is
ambitious, with the partnership of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and strong leadership
at country level, this is attainable.
• All the targets that fall below previous international commitments should be
removed. The SDGs must clearly align with already agreed upon commitments,
including the unfinished agenda of the MDGs, to ensure stronger consistency and
continuity while adapting to new challenges in a technically achievable manner.
• Transparency, accountability, and the use of accurate data (and making sure
this data is available) must be guaranteed. A fixed baseline for data must be
defined by 2016. Each indicator and target in the new framework should be either
an absolute goal (0% or 100%) or call for a specified reduction in the number of
cases and/or deaths from a baseline collected in a specified baseline year.
As recognized by the ambitious targets that make up the health goal, this will
require ending the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected
tropical diseases, as well as reducing maternal mortality and ending preventable
deaths in newborns and children.
These goals will not be achieved without R&D to develop new health technologies
—such as new and improved drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and other critical
innovations—and to improve our understanding of how to best target the tools we
already have.
And this R&D will not happen without public and philanthropic investment and
leadership. If the SDGs are to be successful, it is therefore vital that they
acknowledge the importance of—and measure progress toward—R&D for global
health.
But current SDG discussions have largely overlooked the importance of R&D in
reaching the health targets, and no current SDG indicator proposals include any
indicators that can adequately measure global health R&D.
The suggested indicator for human trafficking is linked and also already existing for
the indicator for target 16.2 on trafficking of children, with the “type” of human
trafficking to mean “exploitation” as defined in Trafficking/Palermo Protocol. Given
the different and devasting forms of modern slavery that cover prostitution, and
other forms of commercial sexual exploitation, forced marriages, forced labour, and
differnt types of worst forms of child labour, a seperate indicator is recommended.
The role of a robust and comprehensive legal and policy framework at national
levels, that is well resourced in addressing forced labour, modern slavery, human
trafficking and child labour cannot be denied or argued against. Given this, Global
March recommends indicators on national frameworks and resource allocation to
monitor progress on endind forced labour, modern slavery, human trafficking and
child labour.
The most promising and prominient aspect of the MDGs was the goal to ensure that
by 2015 all children would have completed primary schooling.
At present, the vast majority of children trapped in the worst forms of child labour
have not completed their primary education. Achieving UPE will not by itself be
sufficient to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, but it is a virtual certainty that
such exploitation will not be eliminated if large numbers of young children continue
to be excluded from primary schooling.
In addition, the treatment of NTDs can serve as an early indicator of access to basic
health care among the poorest and most marginalized people, supporting the
overall goals of the SDGs to eliminate extreme poverty in all its forms.
Having been left out of the MDGs, hygiene is explicitly mentioned on the first page
of the declaration of the Sustainable Development framework. This reflects its
status as a globally relevant development intervention. Furthermore, it is specifically
mentioned in the target 6.2.
To reflect the intent of the target and to ensure the IAEG does not inadvertently
diminish the ambition of the framework, we strongly recommend the inclusion of an
indicator to measure hygiene with additionally specified disaggregation of location
(home, school, health centre), reflecting the need for focus on those in vulnerable
situations.
The SDG is an encouragement especially at this time when they're are so many
global emergencies.
Effective delivery of all the targets will take us all FOWARD.
Our proposed indicators, to the extent possible, are grounded in existing data
collection systems, but truly comprehensive global monitoring will require some
countries to expand their statistical systems and non-governmental organizations to
expand their monitoring as well. However, some indicators will require investment
in entirely new data collection efforts; other indicators are included given the critical
nature of the topic but need further work to develop common definitions and data
collection methodologies. We have considered this latter type of indicators to be
“aspirational” and provided some indication of the work needed to develop them.
Some topics have multiple proposed indicators, which are ranked in order of
preference.
This input on target 11.1 is supported by a wider group of NGOs. The full statement
can be found here
http://intlhc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Input-to-IAEG-SDGs-on-Target-11.pdf
Nature organizes systems to work as complex wholes,… but our indicators
measure separate parts. So we create *lots of problems* if we believe individual
goals can be met individually.
Individual cultural and economic development goals can only be met by the
development of the whole culture and its economy, working with how the parts
connect.
In historical terms, humanity is very late in noticing this. Our global circumstance is
already severely compromised by our having failed to notice the limits of the earth
until we collided with them... So now we have naturally restricted choices, and
making a whole system viewpoint *especially* important to develop.
I have a great deal to offer in that regard, as a natural systems scientist. I could
help others fill in a lot of missing terminology and methodology for recognizing and
responding to the natural whole systems we need to respond to. You could say,
since each natural whole system defines its own language, that “I speak multiple
scientific languages”. You might need that... I'd be happy to hear from you.
We just wish to reinforce the need to amend the note regarding the disaggregation
of data in the indicators framework to specify all categories for disaggregation as
outlined in the SDGs.
And: adolescent birth rate by age (10-14, 15-17, 18-19), income, location, marital
status, educational level & other characteristics; proportion of family planning
service sites with at least 5 modern methods available; inclusion of universal
access to contraceptive & other SRH information & services in national policy;
indicator reflective of respectful care & human rights in provision of SRH information
& services; grounds under which induced abortion is legal; rate of unsafe abortions
per 1,000 women of reproductive age
We fully recognize the challenge the IAEG-SDG has in developing an indicator
framework that is both comprehensive and yet manageable. However, for the
targets for which we have focused (namely 11.2 and 11.7), we are concerned that
one indicator cannot possibly address the entire target. Although we suggested
modal split as a potential indicator for 11.2, we do believe that a proximity to public
transit target is important. However, even that target cannot address the full myriad
of issues that impact access for women, the disabled, and poor. In addition modal
split does not tell us anything about whether or not people are choosing to walk and
cycle because it is an appealing choice or because they have no other options.
Walking and cycling need to be attractive choices, not just the only choice, if we are
to achieve sustainable transportation. There is a similar issue for a public spaces
indicator since proximity to a park or public space does not say anything about the
quality of the experience. We would therefore like to suggest that in addition to the
indicators developed for the Global Monitoring Framework an additional set of
measures be developed and used by countries that address these important
issues.
Keen to further discuss with IAEG-SDGs on how best to take into account unique
challenges of extractives in measuring efficiency and material footprint.
- With regards to the education goal and targets, the reduction of the number of
indicators must not be at the expense of critical aspects for measuring their
achievement. Otherwise the parts of the education targets that are measured will
be the only ones that will be implemented. The broad and holistic education goal
should not lose its richness by parts of the framework for measurement selected
arbitrarily. The TAG and the IAEG-SDG must not cherry-pick components of Goal 4
and its targets which they deem worthy of measurement. If an aspect of the
education target is treasured or valued, it must also have a mechanism for follow up
and review. Member states must agree that one indicator per target is not enough
to capture the complexities involved.
- Incentivise action for the poorest and most marginalised and include
disaggregation based on all forms of exclusion as recognised in human rights law –
including gender, class, race, caste, disability, age, indigenous/ethnic background
and geography. Both proposals only talk about disaggregation based on sex,
location and wealth, despite target 4.5 explicitly mentioning persons with
disabilities, indigenous peoples, and children in vulnerable situations. Broad criteria
and datasets, such as the EFA Global Monitoring Report’s WIDE database, are a
useful source of information.
- It is currently proposed to measure progress against the SDGs annually. Yet is
questionable whether it is realistic to expect annual progress against many of the
indicators being proposed, especially outcome indicators.
- The indicators must evaluate not only the extent of enjoyment of
rights by rights holders, but also the extent to which States fulfil their obligations as
duty-bearers. Including structure and process indicators, and not only outcomes,
will ensure that States put in place enabling systems (structures) and undertake
specific actions (processes) that are critical to ensure that outcomes are achieved.
There are frequently gaps between policies and the reality of their implementation,
hence the importance of having both structure and process indicators.
For targets 4.a, 11.2 and 11.7, which refer to accessibility by persons with
disabilities, the indicators can be based on existing ISO standards for accessibility
to buildings or "minimum national standards of accessibility by persons with
disabilities". The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities refers to
universal design, but there is not an operational currently used international
definition of accessibility/universal design. Countries tend to either use existing ISO
standards or make their own assessments of accessible schools, accessible public
buildings, and accessible transport according to national standards.
To obtain the statistics needed for calculating the indicator for progress towards
'legal identity for all' necessary questions need to be added to national population
censuses and/or large scale nation wide household surveys. Countries should be
encouraged to do so for the forthcoming population census, even though the
recommendations for the 2020 round of population censuses have been developed
already. These questions should be required in the 2030 round of population
censuses.
The global situation are critical recently increased poverty, migrants, trafficking
inperson violent women and child right and also human. Many conflicts occurin
many countries in the world. They have affected on social economic development
and people are living in poor condition.
Stillbirths remain the single largest uncounted accountability agenda for deaths
after the MDGs. Stillbirth prevention is closely linked to adverse outcomes for both
women and child and is a concern in both rich and poor countries. SBR is a core
indicator in ENAP & is critical to measure–even more so since a specific target is
not including in the SDGs. Efforts to prevent stillbirths will also reduce maternal and
newborn mortality. We sincerely hope the SDGs will not make the same mistake
and overlook this indicator which not only measures a mortality outcome but also
can be used to measure quality and equity of health care for a women in pregnancy
and around the time of birth.
It is critical that indicators are quantitative and qualitative. A rigorous indicator
framework including both quantitative and qualitative indicators will underpin
financing strategies and implementation frameworks that reflect the various types of
resources needed to achieve sustainable development, overcome inequalities and
fulfil gender equality commitments. Therefore gender-differentiated statistics and
indicators should be collected nationally, regionally and globally in order to measure
gender gaps and adjust development programmes to rectify inequalities.
At a minimum, data should be disaggregated on the basis of age, sex, geography,
income, disability, race and ethnicity and other factors as relevant to monitoring
inequalities.
Even though some indicators are measured by household (not by individual) it is
still important that the data collected for those indicators is disaggregated – it is
important to know how the household is comprised.
There must be scope to elaborate on the indicator framework in coming years in
order to adapt to changing development environments and evolving methodologies.
Health is fundamental to achieving the SDGs. In particular, the health burden that
falls disproportionately on LMICs must be addressed if we are to ensure
sustainable economic prosperity.
As recognized by the ambitious targets that make up the health goal, this will
require ending the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected
tropical diseases, as well as reducing maternal mortality and ending preventable
deaths in newborns and children.
These goals will not be achieved without R&D to develop new health technologies
—such as new and improved drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and other critical
innovations—and to improve our understanding of how to best target the tools we
already have.
And this R&D will not happen without public and philanthropic investment and
leadership. If the SDGs are to be successful, it is therefore vital that they
acknowledge the importance of—and measure progress toward—R&D for global
health.
But current SDG discussions have largely overlooked the importance of R&D in
reaching the health targets, and no current SDG indicator proposals include any
indicators that can adequately measure global health R&D.
ICN recommends use of health indicators for non-health goals to promote health in
all policy approach to address determinants of health and inequity.
The initial indicator framework will obviously only be the beginning of a process.
Scientists and civil society can continue to research and develop indicators for gaps
in the framework. There needs to be an open process for indicators that have been
brought to an appropriate stage to be submitted to UNStats for testing and eventual
addition to the intergovernmental framework.
A funding mechanism that would issue a call for the development of specific
indicators and support the best research and development proposals could also be
considered to accelerate the process.
The key focus should be that all indicators should meet the SMART criteria. IFA is
particularly concerned that for target 14.1 the proposal is to use fertilizer application
as a measure of marine pollution when nutrient pollution is only one aspect of
marine pollution and fertilizer application need not result in nutrient pollution. A
holistic approach needs to be taken so that an indicator does not have a negative
impact on other targets. For example, using fertilizer use as a proxy for marine
pollution potentially has a negative impact on poverty reduction and improving food
security thus damaging implementation of Goals 1 and 2.
In some cases the approach to indicators appears to be to find something that is
easily measured, even if it not relevant and only addresses one small aspect of the
target. In many cases there are indicators that are relevant to multiple targets that
are only being considered for one target. For example as already pointed out by
some agencies the target of sustainable agricultural practices can be used as an
indicator for several targets. The fertilizer industry welcomes appropriate measures
of sustainable development and stands ready to partner with governments and
international organizations and share data to monitor accurately and cost-effectively
the implementation of the SDGs.
Secure land rights for all are a critical component of a transformational agenda of
the Post-2015 SDGs and targets. Leveraging decades of extensive expertise, a
broad coalition of global and national organizations, civil society, and experts
recommends the following Land Rights Indicator.
Universal and feasible, this recommended land rights indicator is vital to four of the
sustainable development goals, including ending poverty (goal 1), ensuring food
security (goal 2), achieving gender equality and empowering women (goal 5), and
making cities and human settlements inclusive (goal 11).1 This indicator, best
placed under Target 1.4, would capture gender equality and progress of all people’s
on-the-ground rights to land, property, and natural resources. This land rights
indicator further aligns with priority indicators issued by the Global Land Indicators
Initiative, and supported by the Global Donor Working Group on Land.
The recommended indicator focuses on the twin aims of tracking legal and
administrative progress by governments in recognizing secure rights to land
(documentation) and of people-defined progress on the quality of land rights
(perceptions). In doing so, this indicator fully tracks the agenda’s land rights content
developed through months of
inclusive negotiation and consultation and satisfies the request in the recently
finalized UN declaration that global indicators maintain the level of ambition of the
agenda (Para. 75).
We welcome the fact that the list of proposed indicators is more comprehensive
than the first version of the list that was presented during the first IAEG meeting.
Most targets in the draft outcome document of the post-2015 agenda will need at
least two indicators to meaningfully monitor the implementation of the agenda.
Where two indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover the content of the targets,
we suggest additional indicators.
We note that this indicator framework relies to a great extend on quantitative
indicators, however numeric measures won't cover everything, and where there
aren’t any, we need to push national and regional frameworks to develop qualitative
measures and to combine them (e.g.: happiness and well-being data relies on
asking people on a 5 point scale how happy they are - there are obvious
equivalents in relation to unmet learning needs).
We need to redouble our efforts to secure robust data on youth adult learning
beyond school. With almost 800 million illiterate men and women in the world, from
which more than 60% are women, we can afford to wait another 15 years to see
only limited progress. Indicators on functional literacy and numeracy need to be
seeing in context and as a continuum. This requires enriching and skilling people to
analyse household surveys, which could provide much better data on adult literacy
but might involve the development of different methodologies for consistent data
and comparison. Furthermore, there is plenty of analysis and research from civil
society and academia that could complement national data collection, so their
engagement in the monitoring process is essential. Various reviews, overviews,
project results and studies of national and international organizations could be also
used in a combination with the national statistics.
We want to point attention to the target 3.5 that is very unclear and not SMART
compared to other targets that are measurable and specific. "Strengthen"
prevention and treatment is a very broad concept that might include anything and
nothing. Due to that reason, the indicator needs to be very specific. Coverage of
prevention intervention will not show anything about reaching the goal: Ensure
healthy lives and promote well-being for all and at all ages. Many prevention
initiatives (such as school prevention methods, information and awareness raising)
are ineffective so their coverage (even if increasing) won't ensure the effect of
reduced alcohol use. The effective measures to reduce harmful use of alcohol thus
ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing are those that are effective on
population level and that is why the progress needs to be measured on population
level as well: Total alcohol per capita consumption per year in liters of pure alcohol
is therefore much stronger indicator than "Coverage of interventions for the
prevention of substance abuse interventions among people under 25" which is too
general.
We are convinced that we should develop policies and programmes to promote and
bring ESD and GCED into the mainstream of formal, non-formal and informal
education through system-wide interventions and pedagogical support. This
includes implementing the Global Action Programme on ESD to play a key role on
capacity building to achieve 17 goals for sustainable development.
We welcome the fact that the list of proposed indicators is more comprehensive
than the first version of the list that was presented during the first IAEG meeting.
Most targets in the draft outcome document of the post-2015 agenda will need at
least two indicators to meaningfully monitor the implementation of the agenda.
Where two indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover the content of the targets,
we suggest additional indicators.
Please note that some of the measurements and indicators of the targets are
developed by academic institutions. For data collection, they use various sources
including NGOs and media. Member States may not be willing to be judged based
on these sources because they are in a direct conflict with some of these
organizations.
Under target 17.4
Indicator 3 should only be used if significant changes are made to the current IMF
debt sustainability framework. In its current form the IMF sustainability framework is
not an accurate indicator, and there are several better indicators of debt
sustainability included in our submission. However if the IMF framework continues
to be used it must be adjusted as follows:
-complete the assessment for all countries
-base the assessment on the impact of debt burdens on sustainable development
(such as poverty & inequality) not solely whether payments can be made or not
-fully includes domestic government and private sector debts, external private
sector debts, contingent liabilities and payment obligations accruing to governments
from public-private partnerships within the analysis
-move assessments to an independent body, not creditor or debtor, to address the
current conflict of interest by being carried out by 2 major creditors (World Bank and
IMF)
All children count, but not all children are counted. As a global monitoring indicator
framework is developed, it is important to note that children living outside of family
care – including children living in institutions or on the street, children who have
been trafficked, separated from their families as a result of conflict or disaster,
recruited into armed groups – have largely fallen off the UN’s statistical map. There
are only limited data about how many children live in such precarious
circumstances, except for scattered estimates from some specific countries. Such
children are not covered in household-based surveys, including the Demographic
and Health Surveys (USAID) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (UNICEF).
The framework is very long and fragmented. Might it not be reduced to: "Poverty
Reduction, Equity and Economic Opportunity," "Sustainable Development," "Human
Development," "Gender," and "The Welfare and Protection of all of Society" or
some similar framework? There are so many overlapping indicators, and many are
extremely wordy in their attempt to factor in every comment that has been sent to
date... quite a few can be streamlined substantially without loss of content. This will
help greatly with advocacy and overall presentation.
In the last 15 years, nations have often watched helplessly as natural/technological
disasters periodically reversed their MDG gains; partly because we had not
adequately disaster proofed the MDGs, and linked it to progress on the Hyogo
Framework for Action. Building resilience to hazards and disaster risk reduction are
an important guarantee for at least 11 of the SDGs; with benefits exemplified by
Jeffery Sachs hypothesis “Once the world is on a robust path to achieve the SDGs,
the need for, say, emergency-relief operations should decline as natural disasters
are better prevented or anticipated.” Only some SDG targets recognise this link
explicitly (1.5, 2.4, 9.1, 11.5,11.b). It is crucial to get them ‘right and fit for purpose’,
especially for the mother target 1.5, as this will help ‘protect’ the gains in many more
SDGs; avoiding the reversal of MDG gains from periodic natural/technological
disasters. A robust set of resilience indicators for these targets, will help countries
track this important cross cutting guarantor for success of the overall SDG
enterprise. Explicit linkage with the new Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction and the coming climate agreement, by and with national mechanisms
pursuing these 3 agendas, will help implementation and monitoring. MARS
Practitioners Network (MPN) stands committed to work with the IAEG and with
members states SDG implementation structures in operationalising this at the
national level.
So too, Goal 11 explicitly requires resilience as one of the key attributes for cities.
To honour the goal’s spirit, we need a new target & a composite index/indicator
which measures urban resilience. 2700 city governments supported by
UCLG,UNISDR & UN Habitat are implementing the Resilient Cities (RC) campaign
10 essentials with benchmarks for attainment under each. These are1) Effective
city level institutional DRR framework, 2) Adequate Financing & resources, 3) multi
hazard risk assessment, 4) Infrastructure Protection, Upgrading & Resilience, 5)
Protecting Vital health & education facilities, 6) Building regulations & land use
planning, 7) Training Education & Public Awareness, 8) Environmental Protection &
Ecosystem Strengthening , 9) Effective Preparedness, Early warning & Response,
10) Recovery & Rebuilding communities.
Data on attainment level of the RC’s 10 essentials is available for enrolled cities
thus not imposing a fresh burden on NSOs and in fact will serve as a stimulus for
action
MARS Practitioners Network
•Indicators chosen to express outputs & outcomes of health interventions need a
direct link with population’s health impact. Prefer indicators as coverage & actual
use of services; go beyond offer or availability of services. Actual uptake of services
is critical to impact on population’s health status.
•Measures of access in particular, but even overall: a question about methodology
to collect info on indicators. It is essential to measure on basis of population
assessments.
o reports by health services/implementing agencies are open to bias, with countless
examples of poor reliability of these figures.
oSimilarly, modelling might seem attractive because less burdensome, but not
reflecting reality on the ground & too dependent on underlying assumptions.
•Pop. estimates are a specific challenge & their validity can undermine indicators
using pop figures as denominator. Sample assessments should be preferred in
which proportions are measured.
•To capture inequity within countries, targets & indicators need disaggregation
beyond average country levels.
•Priority to indicators for specific pop groups or areas known to be
disadvantaged/excluded/discriminated. This will drive progress to be made first in
most disadvantaged groups and not leave hem to last.
oIn general, specific indicators (eg child mortality, immunization coverage, ART
coverage, access to modern contraception) among the lowest poverty quintile could
fit well with overall ‘reduce poverty’ goal. Idem for ethnicity or gender.
oTo capture inequity for outcomes between most privileged & most vulnerable
groups, we suggest to create an indicator composed of difference in outcomes or
outputs for most and least privileged groups. E.g. ratio of measles immun.coverage
in lowest income quintile over the one in highest income quintile.
•Keep separate indicators & targets for health related issues in line with existing
MDGs. As the existing MDGs will not be reached in many countries, it will be
important to continue to measure progress after 2015 for these specific goals and
not to dilute these goals within a single health goal under label of UHC.
•There is an issue of indicators (how to measure) and targets (reaching what level
means success). For some indicators the threshold to reach is included (eg mat &
child mortality) but for otherst not. Question is what progress & what speed of
progress can be considered ‘successful’ or even ‘sufficient’.
Submitted by the Director of the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network on behalf
of the Steering Committee of this south south network with participants from 38
countries (Afghanistan, Angola, Bhutan, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Honduras,
India, Iraq, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Senegal, Seychelles, South
Africa, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Vietnam)
The NCD Alliance appreciates that global indicators must be limited in number to
reduce reporting burdens, but suggest that indicators be drawn from existing
reporting frameworks, such as the Global Nutrition Report and Global Monitoring
Framework on NCDs. Many of these indicators are cross-cutting and address
several goals and targets; indicators on air pollution and nutrition, for example,
have an affect on NCDs.
The comments and proposed indicators contained in this submission are the result
of consultation with the NCD Alliance network, which consists of over 2,000
organizations in 160 countries. The proposals represent a wide range, from clean
cookstoves and tuberculosis, to healthy diet and CVD. We strongly urge the IAEG
to take these into consideration.
In general, it is not clear that the currently proposed indicators fulfil the desiderata
set out in the outcome document:
"This framework will be simple yet robust, address all SDGs and targets including
for means of implementation, and preserve the political balance, integration and
ambition contained therein" ('Transforming our World', para. 75). In fulfilling these
requirements, indicators should, ideally, meet demands of fidelity, necessity and
sufficiency:
(1) fidelity. Accurate reflection of the targets being measured is the first virtue of a
list of indicators. Indicators that miss aspects of the targets compromise
implementation through leading responsible actors to adopt non-optimal policies
and to focus their attention wrongly. This, in turn, undermines accountability for the
goals.
Congruence with the key aspects in each target, then, is of crucial importance. This
has two implications: First, trading off "coherent and comprehensive measurement
of all goals and targets" against brevity is deeply problematic. Second, where there
is no scope to adopt multiple existing indicators, the IAEG should not hesitate to
suggest new indicators, where existing indicators do not adequately reflect the
targets.
(3) sufficiency - Whether one or multiple indicators are chosen for a given target,
together, they must be enough to indicate fulfilment of the target, so that the target
could not be met, or missed, without this being indicated.
Without appropriate indicators the UN runs the risk of adopting metrics with limited
salience, legitimacy, or credibility, which would inhibit implementation and adoption
of the Urban SDG. Indicators that help benchmark and compare accomplishments
across cities may allow improved understanding of urban-to-global potential and
provide valuable information.
Urban SDG targets are broadly written, and single indicators will tend to prioritize
parts of the targets over others. The proposed, one indicator per target, does not
take into consideration the complexity of urbanization and multidimensional nature
of the Urban SDG. Indicators for sustainable urbanization must monitor changes in
the built environment and land cover, within the city core and at the periphery.
Distinct methods and timetables for measurement exist – some of which extend
beyond the 2030 deadline (i.e., inclusivity and equity dimensions). It would be a
mistake to merely refashion existing tools, indicators, and accounting methods
developed and applied in European and North American cities. Participation and
input from officials and urban actors across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and
ensuring training and support to smaller rapidly industrializing cities that will
dominate future urbanization will be key.
It is imperative that the SDG architecture be addressed. We are not looking only for
a list of indicators here. We are looking for SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IMPACTS that we want to achieve in the world (easily describable in 3 or 4
categories) and measureable PROCESSES and INPUTS that we need to check
and track to make sure we are arriving at those impacts.
Although 300 indicators may seem numerous –in fact – countries are generally
required to anyway collect such statistics, there are a few new areas – but this
reflects the new ambitions of the world to check up on accelerated progress. 300 is
not too many. In terms of the impacts – the agenda can be described in 30 key
stats.
But we will not include these new important aspects into the development
accountability framework until at least March 2016 when the Statistical Commission
agrees the final list. Only about a year later in 2017 will the first results come in for
the new development agenda. We should use the first Forum for development
results in 2016 to ensure that steps are being taken to cover development efforts in
this dangerous accountability gap – otherwise 2016 could be the year that nobody
tracked!
The process for discussing and selecting indicators must be characterised by
transparency, accountability and participation. This should happen globally (by
providing space for different groups to contribute to the IAEG) and nationally (by
encouraging NSOs to set up reference groups involving different types of data
producers and users).
Maintaining the scope and ambition of the goals is critical, and indicators should not
be arbitrarily dropped or not included if doing so means that part of a goal or target
will not be measured. To offset this challenge, continuous learning, capacity
development and information sharing should be taken into account.
To best translate the OWG targets into a framework for action that will
fundamentally shift priorities, resources, dynamics, and outcomes throughout the
sphere of education, these papers suggests pairing quantitative input and output
indicators with qualitative conduct indicators. Flexibility within many of the indicators
themselves is desirable because this allows localized contexts to influence how
indicators are pursued and eventually achieved.
Some of the proposed indicators reflect current capacities while others point to
paths we should consider. Overall, the various proposals presented below should
be understood as a range of suggestions that support understanding and
implementing quality education across various levels of governance, in diverse
contexts and capture data about what really matters.
Ensure indicators not only address inequalities between countries but also rising
inequalities within countries, not least 'first world' countries.
1. Indicators should not reduce the scope of the SDGs or be driven by data
currently available. The 2030 Agenda recognizes that challenges humanity is facing
are deeply inter-connected, and should be tackled together to achieve progress.
Our belief is that we should strive to measure every bit of what is in the Agenda -
even if it requires additional efforts in data collection - and “preserve the political
balance, integration and ambition contained therein” (par. 75). There is a big
opportunity to push the data base forward, rather than having the available data
control the framing of priorities and action. There is a good precedent for this. Only
few years ago, data on poverty was limited, inconsistent, and not representative.
Yet this did not stop visionary leaders from establishing high level objectives that
served as a visible call to action for data gathering. Today we have good data on
poverty and know the world has made considerable progress.
2. Indicators should include qualitative and perception-based indicators. In the past
fifteen years, the capacity of national statistical offices has remarkably improved.
Many countries have invested in methodologies that allow capturing qualitative
information and perceptions through multi-purpose household surveys or polls.
These tools have been tested and the expertise to lead efforts exists. These data
are fundamental to capture what women and men think, and identify any gap
between entitlements and the effective enjoyment of the benefits derived from
these entitlements. These data also allow to measure issues like participation and
well-being, and go beyond a GDP-like picture.
3. Indicators should generate data that it is easy to understand and access, and
can be complemented by quantitative and qualitative information by civil society. In
line with the people-centred nature of the 2030 Agenda, we believe that monitoring
and accountability are better achieved through easy-to-understand and accessible
information that can be complemented by data produced by third parties, including
civil society. These data should be officially and explicitly recognized in the
monitoring framework, as they help providing a more accurate assessment of
realities on the ground. Governments should be encouraged to recognize and
accept these data. We are therefore encouraged by the emphasis given to data
revolution and citizens-led data collection. Indicators should create adequate space
to enhance participatory and community-based monitoring systems.
• Sustainable transport is reasonably well covered in the current targets and
indicators (with the noted exception of walking and cycling) and it is essential that
this coverage be maintained, as the indicator list is expected to be reduced in future
• The cross-cutting nature of transport continues to be underemphasised.
Linkages between transport-related targets and indicators are relevant to more
targets than are currently identified (e.g. Target 9.1 and Target 11.2 are also
relevant to Target 3.8 on access to health services, Target 4.a on education
facilities, and Target 6.1 on access to clean water).
• There is still no specific target that highlights the importance of rural access
despite that fact that roughly 30% of the global population is expected to continue
to live in non-urban areas at 2030. Given the the absence of a direct reference to
rural access in the proposed SDGs and indicators, it is suggested that the indicator
for Target 9.1 read “Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure,
including *rural*, regional, transborder infrastructure and services, to support
improved logisitics, economic development and human well-being, …”
• There are several proposals for indicators to measure or supplement the
current suggested indicator for Target 11.2, each with their own advantages and
disadvantages:
- Currently, the suggested indicator 11.2.1 measures access to transport
services, rather than access to jobs, education, etc; however, it is a valuable Tier II
indicator. Sources of data indicate that definitions are not likely to be directly
comparable, and thus quality control would be needed to ensure comparability.
- World Bank propose for indicator (11.2.2) “Share of jobs in the metropolitan
area an 'average' household can access within 60/75 minutes using walking,
cycling and public transport.” This proposed indicator is a valuable Tier II indicator
and is superior to 11.2.1 as it measures access to activities (jobs) rather than
transport.
- UN-Habitat propose for indicator 11.2.2 “Km of high capacity (BRT, light rail,
metro) public transport per person for cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants”.
This indicator can be measured relatively easily at the national level and can serve
as an comparative measure of progress; thus, it is likely a Tier I indicator. This is a
valuable indicator but only in conjunction with IAEG-SDG’s proposed indicator
11.2.1 or World Bank’s proposed indicator 11.2.2.
Health is fundamental to achieving the SDGs, but more often than not the health
burden falls disproportionately on LMICs and must be addressed if we are to
ensure sustainable economic prosperity. As recognized by the ambitious targets
that make up the health goal, this will require ending the epidemics of HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases, as well as reducing maternal
mortality and ending preventable deaths in newborns and children. As we have
outlined, R&D for new health technologies, equitable measures for routine
immunizations, digital literacy, universal health care, and better data and
information systems will transform global health within a generation if countries
prioritize and track these important indicators.
On behalf of PATH and a group of global health R&D organizations, Policy Cures
has conducted an in-depth analysis and stakeholder consultation to evaluate the
SDG indicator landscape and recommend indicators that could be used to monitor
progress toward global health R&D in the post-2015 development agenda. Pieces
of this analysis have been included in this set of consultation feedback. The
analysis will be formally launched September 8th, 2015 and after that date can be
found on the website of the Global Health Technologies Coalition:
www.ghtcoalition.org
Many indicators are not very tangible....and consist of 'motherhood' statements e.g
slums to be upgraded!
Many targets are very optimistic given the gestation of time to get action on the
ground
Health is fundamental to achieving the SDGs. In particular, the health burden that
falls disproportionately on LMICs must be addressed if we are to ensure
sustainable economic prosperity.
As recognized by the ambitious targets that make up the health goal, this will
require ending the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected
tropical diseases, as well as reducing maternal mortality and ending preventable
deaths in newborns and children.
These goals will not be achieved without R&D to develop new health technologies
—such as new and improved drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and other critical
innovations—and to improve our understanding of how to best target the tools we
already have.
And this R&D will not happen without public and philanthropic investment and
leadership. If the SDGs are to be successful, it is therefore vital that they
acknowledge the importance of—and measure progress toward—R&D for global
health.
But current SDG discussions have largely overlooked the importance of R&D in
reaching the health targets, and no current SDG indicator proposals include any
indicators that can adequately measure global health R&D.
We are concerned about the narrowing down of the education targets to mainly
children and youth living aside to only 3 Targets the adult education with no
mention to lifelong learning . Adult education plays a catalyzing role in
socioeconomic progress. Adult education and lifelong learning specially
addressed to woman and indigenous women is essential in reaching multiple
socioeconomic and cultural goals. Adult education is necessary to attain other
human rights, and the few and very narrow target with no desegregation by age,
sex, rural/urban and ethnic group , jeopardize the transformative change that the
Member States consistently called for during the Open Working Group negotiations.
If an indicator reads ‘number of deaths/losses due to disasters’ or similar, as
measured by national loss databases, it will give a misleading impression of
success or failure if countries (or globally) are either lucky in avoiding (or unlucky in
experiencing) disaster events during the period measured. A few years or decades
of catastrophe experience do not give a clear indication of the level of risk. The
2010 Haiti earthquake claimed 200,000+ lives yet for 100+ years prior to this
devastating event, earthquakes in Haiti had claimed fewer than 10 lives. We could
get around this issue by using the expected number of deaths, expected number of
affected people and expected direct economic losses (relative to GDP) based on
likely scenarios, as demonstrated by Tokyo, without the need for disasters to take
place.
Where possible the IAEG should draw on different types of indicators in order to
present a rounded and balanced picture of progress. For example, administrative
data can be helpful for monitoring capacities. These are often not, however, the
same as outcomes for people – which is the focus of the 2030 Agenda. Outcomes
for people are best captured using experiential or perception surveys. In specific
cases, the IAEG should consider drawing on expert opinion from globally-
recognised third parties.
It is important that, to the greatest extent possible, all of the issues captured in each
of Goal 16’s targets are measured with individual indicators. For example, target
16.4 addresses 4 issues. The IAEG has the responsibility to identify indicators for
each one of these issues; it would otherwise be making a political decision on which
issues to prioritise. Furthermore, the nature of Goal 16 means that combinations of
indicators may be required to provide an accurate picture of progress on individual
issues.
Official national statistical systems will not have sufficient capacity to deliver
comprehensive data coverage on their own. As has been recognised in the 2030
Agenda and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, national statistical organisations
(NSOs) will need to work with a number of non-official data providers, including
multilateral organisations, civil society and research organisations, the private
sector, and citizens themselves. Impartial organisations independent of the state
should be tasked will collecting data on especially sensitive issues within Goal 16
(e.g. targets 16.5, 16.7, 16.10). All data providers, however, will need to
demonstrate independence, impartiality and transparency if the data they produce
is to be meaningfully used by policy-makers and trusted by the wider public.
Stillbirths remain the single largest uncounted accountability agenda for deaths
after the MDGs. Stillbirth prevention is closely linked to adverse outcomes for both
women and child and is a concern in both rich and poor countries. SBR is a core
indicator in ENAP & is critical to measure–even more so since a specific target is
not including in the SDGs. Efforts to prevent stillbirths will also reduce maternal and
newborn mortality. We sincerely hope the SDGs will not make the same mistake
and overlook this indicator which not only measures a mortality outcome but also
can be used to measure quality and equity of health care for a women in pregnancy
and around the time of birth.
SDSN has prepared a series of inputs in support of the work of the IAEG-SDGs.
We invite members to review these briefings (here: http://unsdsn.org/what-we-
do/indicators-and-monitoring/indicators/inputs-to-the-iaeg-sdgs/), as well as review
our report “Indicators and a Monitoring Framework for the SDGs”, which is the
result of 18 months of intensive consultations with expert communities, UN
organizations including the UN Statistics Division, civil society, and business. The
report is available on our website, as well as on our new interactive web platform:
http://indicators.report/
SDSN would welcome the opportunity to discuss the above in more detail with any
interested members, and to continue to provide any support we can to the process.
We welcome the fact the list of proposed indicators is more comprehensive than the
first version of the list that was presented during the first IAEG meeting. Most
targets in the draft outcome document of post-2015 development agenda will need
at least two indicators to meaningfully monitor the implementation of the post-2015
agenda. Indicators may be developed that contribute to multiple targets and
measure the impact of multiple inputs, but some targets will require multiple
indicators. The number of indicatorsshould not be arbitrarily limited, but should live
up to the ambition of the sustainable development goals and targets. It is essential
for the global indicator framework to include indicators that measure progress
against all 169 targets, not just the pieces that are easier to address. Where two
indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover the content of the targets, we suggest
additional indicators.
Wherever a goal or target refers to older people, age or all, the associated indicator
must reflect this. However, even this basic principle is not being honoured in the
current indicators proposal. Furthermore, it is not enough to have an indicator which
covers all ages, this must be supported by the data sets that underpin and inform
them.
The challenge for older persons is that many data systems are simply inadequate.
Data on older women and men are missing – Data on older women and men may
be collected but is often not analysed, reported and utilized. This must not continue
in the post 2015 era. The commitment to leave no one behind gives clear guidance
for the development and adoption of indicators. A universal framework is not
business as usual.
Indicators for the framework should be both based on existing data sets and on
future ones yet to be developed, and be suitable, feasible and relevant for our
ageing world.
Paradigm: This word we know well. Our main experience, though, is in surveys and
censuses. My main intended use here is more global and covers the whole effort,
not just the part that a statistician can play. Most of these goals do not have an
explicit action approach linked with them, They can be just a bit above a wish and
so are vague, as to how they can be accomplished. Measurable: This word
measurable we also know well. But how do we construct a signal from the process
to guide our work and in as fine-grained enough way so, expression goes,
www.5gyres.org
The author believes that the revision of current ethical underpinning of SDG's is
necessary as it currently favors purely anthropocentric perspective insufficient for
addressing grave environmental challenges. (This has been explained in my
publications).
The SDGs need to be critically examined for logic (to eliminate internal
contradictions of purpose), motives (who or what profits from proposed policies and
who is victimized by them) relevance (particularly in the world where environmental
sustainability is gravely threatened). If ‘People are at the centre of sustainable
development’ (Open Working Group 2015), and simultaneously it is the economic
growth that is seen as a panacea for social inequalities, and planet is seen as a
secondary value, this anthropocentric vision threatens to destroy the very
foundations upon which humanity depends. The true victim of unsustainability is the
Planet, including – but not limited to – all its people.
Target 16.3’s proposed indicators are outcome-oriented & vague, & should be
replaced by indicators that measure State compliance with key components of
access to justice, most importantly access to counsel for the poor. Countries are
currently discussing developing detailed indicators of access to justice that fit
national priorities, & these don’t generally address either of the narrowly defined
proposed global indicators for Target 16.3. The indicators should more broadly
encompass measurements on which all States must collect data to demonstrate
progress towards access to justice, & about which they can develop more detailed
indicators at the national & regional level, depending on priorities & need. An
access to counsel indicator is sufficiently broad to serve as a global indicator
because access to counsel is a fundamental component of access to justice; but it
is also narrow enough to show a meaningful statistic about whether the poor have
equal access to justice. Such an indicator would capture the purpose of the current
proposed indicators—access to counsel increases access to dispute mechanisms &
decreases likelihood of extended pretrial detention—but will also more broadly
assess whether the poor, vulnerable & marginalized have the same access to
justice as those who can afford a lawyer.Further, it is important to consider that
indicators will not be used only for collecting data; they will also be used as focal
points for governments, civil society actors, & funders. There is a crisis in access to
justice & access to counsel worldwide, & it needs targeted focus from stakeholders.
In many countries, laws providing for equal access to counsel are in place, but
implementation is deficient or nonexistent. It is lawyers that ensure implementation
of laws, & through that work can have an enormous impact on protection of
fundamental rights; mitigation of discrimination & exploitation of society’s most
vulnerable; promotion of transparent & accountable institutions that are free of
corruption, & trust in government; curtailment of crime & of the use of illegal tactics
like torture & excessive pretrial detention; &, ultimately, on the injustices that keep
people in the cycle of poverty that the SDGs seek to halt. Also, collecting data on
access to counsel in a range of cases—civil, administrative, & criminal—will open
the door for meaningful discussions amongst policymakers, funders, &
governments & civil society about the proper & most-effective use of non-lawyers
for legal services, making long-term provision of legal aid & access to justice more
efficient & viable.
The impact of NTDs stretches across multiple development sectors, including
water, sanitation and hygiene, nutrition, maternal and child health, and education.
Long-term sustainable development, poverty reduction and improved health
outcomes cannot be successfully achieved without simultaneously addressing
NTDs.
The indicator framework is obviously and important component of the SDG, hence
close and strong partnerships between the UN system and NGOs is crucial in the
implementation and monitoring of the SDG.
National budget for nutrition: I am certainly not the only one to foresee difficulty in
assessing this, particularly for nutrition-sensitive interventions...even in the health
sector, as regards the prevention of NCDs.
Optional indicators: The number of professionals trained in nutrition is potentially
interesting. However, why only health professionals? Agriculture, education and
food professionals should also be involved. And what type of nutrition training? In
several instances, ‘food science’ is called nutrition (see the papers by R Sodjinou
on capacity strengthening in nutrition).
Research, methodological gaps: More research would be needed in order to
identify relevant indicators of NCD risk along the food chain: commercial food
distribution; consumption of refined commercial foods; fast food outlets; food
marketing to children...
Third party data producers must be included among the data sources being used to
track official indicators.
For Goal 16, this approach would mean that data sources would include:
Many different organisations collect and analyse data on these issues. So the key
will be to embrace partnerships that can provide regular evidence of progress. Civil
society, the private sector and governments can and must work together in these
efforts. There should be agreed common standards for verifying data sources as
credible.
Please note that the recommendations provided by the TAP Network in this
consultation is a synthesis of inputs from dozens of civil society organizations
around the targets of Goal 16. You can find a full compilation of TAP Network
organization's inputs on our website at: http://bit.ly/1UxzXyX
Thank for including us in the feedback process.
We have the reverse the way Money is spent in the World. Might be a wishful
idealistic thinking but objective should become 65 % of the world money for
education, health, food 20% to preserve the planet and 10% for any other thing and
it's just not the case as long as this doesn't become reality I which us all good luck !
We note that this indicator framework relies to a great extend on quantitative
indicators, however numeric measures won't cover everything, and where there
aren’t any, we need to push national and regional frameworks to develop qualitative
measures and to combine them (e.g.: happiness and well-being data relies on
asking people on a 5 point scale how happy they are - there are obvious
equivalents in relation to unmet learning needs).
We need to redouble our efforts to secure robust data on youth adult learning
beyond school. With almost 800 million illiterate men and women in the world, from
which more than 60% are women, we can afford to wait another 15 years to see
only limited progress. Indicators on functional literacy and numeracy need to be
seeing in context and as a continuum. This requires enriching and skilling people to
analyse household surveys, which could provide much better data on adult literacy
but might involve the development of different methodologies for consistent data
and comparison. Furthermore, there is plenty of analysis and research from civil
society and academia that could complement national data collection, so their
engagement in the monitoring process is essential. Various reviews, overviews,
project results and studies of national and international organizations could be also
used in a combination with the national statistics.
Stillbirths remain the single largest uncounted accountability agenda for deaths
after the MDGs. Stillbirth prevention is closely linked to adverse outcomes for both
women and child and is a concern in both rich and poor countries. SBR is a core
indicator in ENAP & is critical to measure–even more so since a specific target is
not including in the SDGs. Efforts to prevent stillbirths will also reduce maternal and
newborn mortality. We sincerely hope the SDGs will not make the same mistake
and overlook this indicator which not only measures a mortality outcome but also
can be used to measure quality and equity of health care for a women in pregnancy
and around the time of birth.
We note that this indicator framework relies to a great extend on quantitative
indicators, however numeric measures will not cover everything, and where there
are not any, we need to push national and regional frameworks to develop
qualitative measures and to combine them (e.g.: happiness and well-being data
relies on asking people on a 5 point scale how happy they are - there are obvious
equivalents in relation to unmet learning needs).
We need to redouble our efforts to secure robust data on youth adult learning
beyond school. With almost 800 million illiterate men and women in the world, from
which more than 60% are women, we cannot afford to wait another 15 years to see
only limited progress. Indicators on functional literacy and numeracy need to be
seen in context and as a continuum. This requires enriching and skilling people to
analyse household surveys, which could provide much better data on adult literacy
but might involve the development of different methodologies for consistent data
and comparison. Furthermore, there is plenty of analysis and research from civil
society and academia that could complement national data collection, so their
engagement in the monitoring process is essential. Various reviews, overviews,
project results and studies of national and international organizations could be also
used in a combination with national statistics.
We believe it would be useful to have a means with which the indicators can be
clustered depending on country development status. While it is a collective global
responsibility to deliver on all fronts on the SDGs, it is also true that relevance and
the level of urgency across the goals is different between countries.
Prioritisation will be key - and such prioritisation needs to focus on targets that are
going to ensure that noone is left behind by 2030. Only if this is achieved can we be
confident that the SDGs have served their purpose.
In order to get a clear picture of women's and men's economic status by gender, the
framework of indicators needed to address women's economic inequalities
effectively must produce data on three interlinked aspects of women's economic
existence:
(1) women's and men's total incomes (defined broadly as including all cash
transfers as well as earned incomes, investment incomes, occasional receipts, and
other cash flows) -- as well as the relative composition of those incomes; and
(2) women's and men's total paid work time, including time to travel too and from
paid work; and
(3) women's and men's total unpaid work time, broken down by domestic and care
work in own home and in homes of others, self-care, education, and leisure times,
with information on the numbers of others in the household needing care.
No human being has more than 24 hours a day. So long as women remain
responsible for disproportionate amounts of unpaid work and low-wage and/or low-
hours work, economic inequality will remain a physical impossibility for most women
in the world. These factors are exacerbated for racialized, indigenous, disabled,
poor, and aging women and men, all of which are important breakouts that must be
able to be generated with appropriate data.
OPHI are willing to share information, interact informally, or respond to queries
regarding the existing Global MPI, and the Gross National Happiness Index
methodology, as appropriate.
Just like there is a global measure of income poverty ($1.25/day and $2/day) and
national income poverty measures, so too we propose a Global MPI – as a Tier 1
indicator for Target 1.2 – to be published in the SDGs alongside the increasing
number of national MPIs which are tailored to country’s particular contexts,
datasets, and priorities. The global and national MPI complement income poverty
measures by including non-monetary dimensions affected by social policies and
structural change. These two indicators together give a fuller overview of poor
people’s lives and of policy impacts.
The Global MPI is reported with standard errors, robustness tests, and consistent
partial indices: incidence (headcount ratio), intensity, uncensored and censored
headcount ratios for each indicator, and percentage contribution of each indicator to
overall poverty. A rigorous methodology underlies the MPI, articulated in Oxford
University Press’s Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis (2015).
The Global MPI 2015 has been decomposed by rural-urban group for all but 2
countries, by subnational region for a total of 884 regions, by age category,
ethnicity, disability, gender of the household head, and other variables. Because it
measures deprivations directly, without PPPs, it is straightforward to disaggregate
by these and other relevant groups, if the sample design permits.
The Global MPI uses a poverty cutoff of 33%; tables also report incidence for
It is imperative that the SDG architecture be addressed. We are not looking only for
a list of indicators here. We are looking for SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IMPACTS that we want to achieve in the world and measureable PROCESSES and
INPUTS that we need to check and track to make sure we are arriving at those
impacts. In terms of the impacts – the high-level agenda can be described in 30
key stats.
Although 300 indicators may seem numerous – countries are generally required to
anyway collect such statistics, there are SOME new areas – but this reflects new
and good ambitions. 300 is not too many.
But we will not include these new important aspects into the development
accountability framework until at least March 2016 when the Statistical Commission
Definition of urban areas & the scope of Goal 11: There does not appear to be a
clearly established definition of what constitutes a “city” for the purpose of this goal.
Are we referring to administrative or functional boundaries or both interchangeably?
While this question might already have been resolved in previous UN discussions,
how small a human settlement constitutes an urban area? And what’s the scope of
the goal’s coverage around the world? There are literally thousands of cities (of
various sizes) and other types of human settlements, and surely not all of them can
be monitored on these indicators. We therefore recommend adapting a functional
definition of a city, i.e. specify a commuting time along the lines of the WB’s
methodology discussed under Goal 11, to create more meaningful comparative
indicators. We also suggest considering a city size classification, e.g. small,
medium, and large, for the same purpose and then specifying goals related to each
category.
I think the UN Millenium Goals ar a good way of reach social, economic, and
enviromental objetives but we to create a policy of supervise each target.
The Sustainable Development Goals have many targets related to maintaining a
connection between rural and urban areas, ensuring access to public spaces,
ensuring access to healthy food, and supporting local economic development. In
case of Vietnamese cities, we had many lesson with the negative impacts to
people’s quality of life of turning local market to supermarkets. Traditional fresh food
market is means to connect rural and urban. In term of public health, markets
provide fresh foods to cities dwellers. In term of economic, markets are place to
sale local products thus develop local economic. In term of culture and social,
markets are places for people connecting and developing local culture of business
and so on. So local markets or traditional market could be a mean helps to archive
cross cutting targets. However, there is no SDGs target encourage the development
of market and no proposed indicator for local market. We think that it is a missing
and need to consider. We would suggest including market objective and same as
open public spaces we need an indicator to measure the universal access to local
markets as well.
We very much welcome the fact that the list of indicators released on 11 August is
more comprehensive than the first version of the list that was presented during the
first IAEG meeting.
• Most targets in the draft outcome document of the post-2015 agenda will need
at least two indicators to meaningfully monitor the implementation of the agenda.
• Where two indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover the content of the
targets, we suggest additional indicators.
• We recognise that setting indicators should be a technical rather than political
process. However it is critical to set indicators that allow us to track the political will
and vision expressed in goals and targets.
• The SDGs indicators should abide by the principle of non-regression and
cannot be less ambitious than the agreed targets or previously agreed indicators.
• One of the challenges of the Millennium Development Goals was that learning
on what progress was (or was not) being made wasn’t captured quickly enough.
VSO believes that more participatory monitoring of the SDGs indicators would be
beneficial and allow for a better sense of where progress is being made and in what
areas, and for what groups, it is lagging. . Citizen led monitoring initiatives for key
populations such as women and girls, disabled people or migrants would also allow
for assessments of progress from the perspective of those people most at risk of
being left behind.
• The important role that civil society, including volunteers and women’s
organisation, can play in collecting data and analyzing data should also be
recognized. Making data freely accessible, transparent and user-friendly will be
essential for implementers and national and local levels accountability.
• Indicators chosen must measure what we need to know, not what we can
easily measure. Where new measurements or methodology is needed, this must be
invested in and prioritised otherwise they will not lead to any transformative action.
• They must not only measure outcomes but also perceptions and qualitative
evidence of change. Acknowledging that while quantitative data is excellent for
telling us what is happening, qualitative research is vital for telling us how and why
it happens.
Hygiene has been mentioned throughout the SDG zero draft as an important
development issue that has to be addressed alongside water, sanitation and other
targets. A specific hygiene indicator will impact the achievement of targets on
equality, education, health, gender and many more. This goes a long way to
demonstrate how important it is to have a standalone indicator to measure hygiene
which impacts on achieving targets on sanitation, hygiene and water targets as well
as all other relevant targets in the SDGs.
Proposed Indicator: Percentage of population washing their hands with soap and
water and percentage of women and girls with access to adequate and affordable
information and facilities to manage their menstruation hygienically.
Indicators will need to be broadly disaggregated across all relevant goals and
targets to ensure that disparities and inequities in progress are visible, and that the
impact (or lack of it) of the SDGs on of the poorest and most marginalized people
are not obscured by medians or national averages as was the case with the MDGs.
- The SDGs indicators should abide by the principle of non-regression and
cannot be less ambitious than the agreed targets or previously agreed indicators.
Further, it should be faithful to the nature of the target which means measuring what
the target is clearly calling for.
- It is no longer acceptable to use GDP as a proxy for development outcomes.
Human development requires a more nuanced understanding of different elements
of human wellbeing and equity; our commitment to sustainable development must
include adequate measurement of environmental factors. Progress must be
measured in ways that go beyond GDP and account for human well-being,
sustainability and equity.
We welcome the fact that the list of proposed indicators is more comprehensive
than the first version of the list that was presented during the first IAEG meeting.
Most targets in the draft outcome document of the post-2015 agenda will need at
least two indicators to meaningfully monitor the implementation of the agenda.
Where two indicators are not enough to sufficiently cover the content of the targets,
we suggest additional indicators.
The sustainable development goals are far reaching and quite comprehensive.
The monitoring machine for its effective implementation must be carefully
developed.
There has to be an improvement on the one used for the MDGs.
All the Gaps have to be closed.
when a goal is general and can address both men and women, the fact that many
womens live in a disadvantaged position should be taken into consideration both in
the formulation and in the measurement of progress on a given target. Women
issue shoud appear in all goals with clear reference and not be isolated in a gender
perspective goal.
JUSTIFICATION for WASH in Schools:
School children, esp. girls, miss school due to inadequate school sanitation in
Unicef and WHO (2010) Raising
Clean Hands http://www.unicef.org/wash/schools/files/raisingcleanhands_2010.pdf
School study in Ethiopia reported over 50% of girls missing between one and four
days of school per month
due to menstruation in WaterAid (2012) Menstrual hygiene matters
http://www.wateraid.org/what-we-do/ourapproach/
research-and-publications/view-publication?id=02309d73-8e41-4d04-b2ef-
6641f6616a4f
We support the calls of many that there must be increased efforts aimed at
capacity-building and supporting national and international statistics offices in the
collection and analysis of data. This should include gender-expertise and improved
resourcing and adequate funds for independent civil society participation in
monitoring frameworks.
Throughout this process, civil society must be afforded the opportunity to provide
inputs throughout the indicator development process. In addition to attending
meetings, civil society should have access to online consultations to observe and
provide recommendations, in line with the Terms of Reference for the IAEG.
We are concerned that one indicator cannot possibly address the entire target.
Although we suggested modal split as a potential indicator for 11.2, we do believe
that a proximity to public transit target is important. However, even that target
cannot address the full range of issues that impact access for women, the disabled,
and the poor. Walking, cycling and cycle rickshaw need to be attractive choices, not
just the only choice, if we are to achieve sustainable transportation. There is a
similar issue for a public spaces indicator since proximity to a park or public space
does not say anything about the quality of the experience. We would therefore like
to suggest that in addition to the indicators developed for the Global Monitoring
Framework an additional set of measures be developed and used by countries that
address these important issues.
Policy coherence: 2015 will see the culmination of multiple global policy frameworks
that seek to influence global strategic policy. The UN Member States have rightly
insisted that all efforts be undertaken to ensure that there is coherence in terms of
the policies promoted by these various frameworks. In this regard, we strongly urge
you to take the outcomes of the Sendai conference on the Post-2015 Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction into account during your considerations. For example:
The Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction seeks to prioritise the
reduction of disaster-related economic losses and, in this regard, has adopted the
argument that to achieve this action, the protection of livelihoods and productive
assets at all levels will be required. Measuring the disaster-related loss of
productive assets will provide an indication of both the ‘stock’ and ‘flow’ values of
economic activity. Unfortunately, the relevant indicators in the list of proposed
preliminary indicators (target 1.5, proposed indicator 2 and target 11.5, proposed
indicator 2) suggest that economic losses can best be captured through the level of
destruction of physical infrastructure (i.e. measuring the ‘stock’ value only). Our
proposal to measure livestock losses would have the added advantage of allowing
for a focus on the poorest people in society as these are usually also those most
vulnerable to disasters.
While we recognize the need for an efficient, tight framework for measuring
progress, we also concur with the statement in the civil society consultation
comments, “Setting limits on the overall number of indicators per target may
undermine the Member States’ desire that all targets are measured.”
Disaggregation: World Vision welcomes the widespread disaggregation by age in
the proposed indicators. As the most vulnerable group it is essential that impact on
children is measured whenever it is appropriate. Together with gender, World Vision
suggests that age is consistently applied as the minimum standard for
disaggregation across the framework.
Disaggregation in fragile and conflict affected contexts (FCAS): in addition to age
and gender, in FCAS further disaggregation is essential in order to track progress in
the most vulnerable and disenfranchised communities, and thus to reduce conflict
drivers. Such disaggregation may include by ethnicity, religion, social group and
geography.
Refugees and displaced people: This most vulnerable group is absent from the
framework. An indicator that measures the numbers of refugees and displaced
should be included. They may also be an appropriate group for disaggregation in
other indicators.
The indicators proposed under goal 16 go some way to articulating a constructive
and achievable agenda for this new area. But they require further refinement and
elaboration. For every indicator full disaggregation by age, gender, religion,
ethnicity, social group and geography needs to be considered.
(1) Recalling the guidance from Member States that the SDG indicator framework
will preserve the balance, integration and ambition of the goals and targets, (para
75, Transforming our World) WWF conducted an informal “back of the envelope”
assessment of the degree to which the set of suggested indicators (bright blue
lines) balance the three dimensions of sustainable development. Out of a total of
313 indicators (some indicators tick one or more boxes: social, economic,
environmental) nearly 50% are “social” with the remaining closely split between
“env” and “econ”. As the IAEG refines the full set we encourage them to improve
the balance to ensure an adequate coverage of environmental issues.
(2) We would also like to highlight the need to ensure that the indicators chosen for
SDGs are of relevance to national monitoring as well as global monitoring. Whereas
many indicators already have at least some datasets available, implementation of
the framework and monitoring of SDG delivery will only be effective if an
international effort is made to build capacity in countries that have most of the
biodiversity and most of the poverty. Many countries need help with accessing
existing data (especially in formats of use to them), collecting new data and
managing, analyzing, interpreting and sharing data. The CBD Secretariat’s efforts to
mobilize resources for environmental monitoring should also be supported.
We need to redouble our efforts to secure robust data on youth adult learning
beyond school. With almost 800 million illiterate men and women in the world, from
which more than 60% are women, we can afford to wait another 15 years to see
only limited progress. Indicators on functional literacy and numeracy need to be
seeing in context and as a continuum. This requires enriching and skilling people to
analyse household surveys, which could provide much better data on adult literacy
but might involve the development of different methodologies for consistent data
and comparison. Furthermore, there is plenty of analysis and research from civil
society and academia that could complement national data collection, so their
engagement in the monitoring process is essential. Various reviews, overviews,
project results and studies of national and international organizations could be also
used in a combination with the national statistics.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment; it is good to see a broader range of
indicators and the removal of the distinction between global and complementary
national indicators. Cross-linkages between targets, particularly those which
depend on ecological sustainability, could however still be improved. ZSL stands
ready to support the continued development of the SDG indicators and would
welcome further participation in future consultations, workshops or other relevant
fora.