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Elimination Test

Cations NaOH xs NaOH NH3 xs NH3 Confirmatory Test


NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + -OH
Cu2+ Blue ppt Undissolved ppt Blue ppt Ppt dissolved Deep blue complex
2+ - 2+ -
Cu + 2 OH → Cu(OH)2 (s) Cu + 2 OH → Cu(OH)2 (s) Cu + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq)
2+
Cu + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq)
2+

Fe3+ Brown ppt Undissolved ppt Brown ppt Undissolved ppt Blood red complex
Fe + 3-OH → Fe(OH)3 (s)
3+
Fe + 3-OH → Fe(OH)3 (s)
3+
Fe + SCN- → [Fe(SCN)]2+ (aq)
3+

Zn2+ White ppt Ppt dissolved White ppt Ppt dissolved CT1: Yellow precipitate
Zn2+ + 2-OH → Zn(OH)2 (s) Zn(OH)2 + 2-OH → Zn(OH)42-(aq) Zn2+ + 2-OH → Zn(OH)2 (s) Zn2+ + 4NH3 → Zn(NH3)42+(aq) 3Zn2+ + 2[Fe(CN)6]3- → Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 (s)
CT2: White precipitate
2Zn2+ + [Fe(CN)6]4- → Zn2[Fe(CN)6] (s)
Ca2+ White ppt Undissolved ppt NVR NVR White ppt
Ca2+ + 2-OH → Ca(OH)2 (s) Ca2+ + C2O42- → CaC2O4 (s)
NH4+ NVR NVR NVR NVR Red to blue litmus paper
-
OH + NH4+ → NH3 + H2O

HNO3, Fe(NO3)3 HNO3, KMnO4 Confirmatory Test


Ba(NO3)2 Aqueous Layer Toluene Layer Aqueous Toluene Layer
Layer
CO32- White ppt - - - - Dissolution of precipitate WITH effervescence
Ba + CO32- → BaCO3 (s)
2+
BaCO3 (s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) → Ba(CH3COO)2 (aq) + H2CO3 (aq)
H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O
PO43- White ppt - - - - Dissolution of precipitate WITHOUT effervescence
3Ba2+ + 2PO43- → Ba3(PO4)2 (s) Ba3(PO4)2 (s) + 6CH3COOH(aq) → 3 Ba(CH3COO)2 (aq) + H3PO4 (aq)
SO42- White ppt - - - - Ppt undissolved
Ba + SO42- → BaSO4 (s)
2+
BaSO4 (s) + 6CH3COOH(aq) → NVR
I- NVR Pink solution Pink solution Pink toluene layer
2Fe + 2 I- → I2 + 2Fe2+
3+
MnO4-+ 2 I- → I2 + Mn2+
SCN- NVR Blood red solution Blood red solution
Fe3+ + SCN- → [Fe(SCN)]2+ (aq)
Br- NVR Yellow solution Yellow toluene layer
MnO4- +Br- → Br2 + Mn2+
NO3- NVR Brown ring
NO3- + 3Fe2+ + 4H+ → 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
Fe2+ + NO + 5H2O → [Fe(NO)(H2O)5]2+

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