University of the Punjab

Sixth semester-2013

MIS
(1)What is difference between Privacy and Fair information
practices?
Fair Information Practices are a set of principles and practices that describe how
an information-based society may approach information handling, storage,
management, and flows with a view toward maintaining fairness, privacy, and
security in a rapidly evolving global technology environment.
Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves, or information
about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively. The boundaries and
content of what is considered private differ among cultures and individuals, but share
common themes. When something is private to a person, it usually means that
something is inherently special or sensitive to them. The domain of privacy partially
overlaps security (confidentiality), which can include the concepts of appropriate
use, as well as protection of information. Privacy may also take the form of bodily
integrity.
(2)What is structured and unstructured decisions?
Unstructured decisions: These decisions require judgement, evaluation and insight
to solve the problem. Unstructured means “decision processes that have not been
encountered in quite the same form and for which no predetermined and explicit set
of ordered responses exists in the organization”. (Mintzberg, et al., 1976,
246) These decisions are seen as novel, important and non-routine. There is no well
understood procedure for making them. An example of an unstructured decision that
management may face could be deciding if the company should enter into a new
market or would it be more beneficial for them to stay in just their current market.
Information systems help to make such decisions.
Structured decisions: means having processes in place to handle a situation. The
implication is that structured problems are recurring ones. Because they recur, we
put processes and procedures in place to handle them. These decisions are repetitive
and routine. They involve definite procedures for answering. Therefore they don’t
need to be treated as new each time the decision has to be made. A good example of
a structured decision would be the hiring process in a company. its important to
create structure around repetitive situations so that a lot of time is not spent on very
minor decisions.

(3)What is network topology?

Definition:
“The scheme of joining the no. of computers in the form of a network is called
network topology”
In networking, the term topology is the way of connecting nodes (devices) on a
network. In other words, a topology represents the shape of network. The structure
consisting of paths and switches that provides the communications interaction
between nodes of a network is called topology. Topology is the standard term that
most network professionals use when they refer to the network’s basic design.

(4)What is difference between the primary key and foreign key?

(5)Why do people need information?