Relative Pronouns Name:

WHO - WHOSE - WHOM - THAT - WHICH - WHERE

≈ We use who when referring to people or when we want to know the person.
• The person who answered the phone was very helpful.
• Who ate all the chocolates?

≈ We use which to refer to a thing or an idea, and to ask about choices.

• My car, which is 20 years old, isn't worth much.
• Which size would you like, small, medium or large?

≈ We use that for both a person and a thing/idea.

• I'm talking about the person that I saw yesterday.
• This is the style that I want to use.

≈ Whose refers to ownership.

• Whose dictionary is this?
• There's the girl whose car was stolen.

≈ Whom:
When who is the object of a verb, whom, with a preposition, can be used instead,
but it is formal and rather old-fashioned. In modern speech, we use who, or we leave
out the pronoun.
• You are referring to a person who no longer works here.
• The person to whom you are referring no longer works here.
• The person (who) you are referring to no longer works here.

≈ Where refers to places and locations.

• Where is the station please?
• That's where I spent my childhood.

Examples:

I know a woman. She speaks 6 I know a woman who speaks 6 languages.

languages.
I know a woman. Her husband speaks
6 languages.
I spoke to a person yesterday.
I live in a house. It is 200 years old.
That's the hotel. We stayed there last
year.
I know a woman whose husband speaks 6
languages.
The person to whom I spoke yesterday. OR
The person (who) I spoke to yesterday.
I live in a house which/that is 200 years old.
That's the hotel where we stayed last year.
That's the hotel that we stayed in last year.
In conversational English relative pronouns can be omitted when they are the object of
a relative clause. In a formal context it is usually wiser to leave the relative pronoun.

Subject Verb Object

Tom drives a red truck
→ The person who drives a red truck is called Tom.
In this sentence 'who' refers to the subject so it cannot be omitted.

→ The truck (that) Tom drives is red.

In this sentence 'that' refers to the object (the truck) so it can be
omitted.

Choose the right answer:

1. The person ___________ rang the doorbell was wearing a red coat.
a. who b. which c. whom d. whose

2. The patient __________ husband was complaining was very pale.

a. where b. that c. whom d. whose

3. She pointed to a black car __________ was parked next to hers.

a. who b. which/that c. whom d. where

4. Tell me __________ you are looking for and I'll try to help you.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. that

5. There is the park __________ the picnic was organized last year.
a. which b. that c. where d. whose

6. There are several coats here. ___________ one is yours?

a. who b. which c. where d. whose

7. ____________ umbrella is this? Mine is blue.

a. who b. whom c. which d. whose

8. You say you called yesterday. To __________ did you speak?

a. who b. whom c. which d. whose

9. We're going to meet at the hotel __________ the conference is being held.
a. that b. where c. which d. who

10. I need to know the number of people __________ are going to attend the party.
a. who/that b. whom c. which d. whose
Indefinite Pronouns Name:

(+) (?) (-) (?) (-) (+)

Person Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody
Person Someone Anyone No one Everyone
Thing Something Anything Nothing Everything
Place Somewhere Anywhere Nowhere Everywhere
» We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or
what they are. We use pronouns ending in -body or -one for people, and pronouns
ending in -thing for things:
Everybody enjoyed the concert.
I opened the door but there was no one at home.
It was a very clear day. We could see everything.

» We use a singular verb after an indefinite pronoun:

Everybody loves Sally. / Everything was ready for the party.

» When we refer back to an indefinite pronoun we normally use a plural pronoun:

Everybody enjoys the concert. They stand up and clap.
I will tell somebody that dinner is ready. They have been waiting a long time.

» We can add -'s to an indefinite pronoun to make a possessive.

They were staying in somebody’s house. / Is this anybody’s coat?

» If you use an indefinite pronoun beginning with "no-", you must not use another
negative word in the same clause. You do not say "There wasn't nothing".
√ Nobody came. / Nothing happened. / There was nothing.

» Somebody, something and somewhere can be used in questions when we are

making an offer or when we expect an affirmative answer:
Would you like something to drink?

» Anybody, anything and anywhere can be used: 1) after if in positive sentences; 2)

with negative words (hardly, never, without, seldom, rarely etc.); 3) In positive
sentence meaning “It doesn’t matter how/what/which etc:
If anybody knows the answer, raise your hand.
I hardly go anywhere these days. / You can buy anything you want.
» We use else after indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things in addition to the
ones we already mentioned. All the family came, but no one else.
If Michael can’t come we’ll ask somebody else.
So that's eggs, peas and chips. Do you want anything else?
Choose the right answer.

0. There is something / nothing to do at home. It is very boring.

1. Let’s go out and do anything / something.
2. Is there somebody / anybody at home?
3. The problem is very difficult. Everybody / nobody knows the answer.
4. There is somebody / anybody in the living room.
5. The party was great. Nobody / everybody was there.
6. Is there anything / anywhere to go at the weekend?
7. There is somebody / something wrong with my hair.
8. Do you want to go somewhere / anywhere tonight?
9. I can’t do something / anything alone.
10. I will call something / someone to do anything / something.
11. There is nothing / something strange in my room.
12. I cannot find nothing / anything I look for.

Fill in the blanks with the correct pronoun.

1. I will buy ______________ to eat. I’m very hungry.

2. There is ______________ to help me. I cannot do my homework.
3. Is there ______________ interesting on TV?
4. There is ______________ to have a rest.
5. _______________ is very dirty.
6. _______________ wants to go out in the class but the teacher doesn’t let them go.
7. We won’t do _____________ today. Because there is _____________ to do.
8. We are looking for ___________ to stay tonight.
9. Do you know ______________ cheap?
10. Is there ______________ in the garden?
11. There is _____________ wrong with me. I’m OK.
12. Can you do ____________ interesting?
13. I will go ______________ today. It’s rainy.
14. There is _____________ in the fridge.
15. We must buy _____________ to eat.
16. We have ________________ we need at school.
17. Sergio knows _____________ at school. He is a very shy boy.
18. Melanie found _____________ in the garden. It was very strange.
19. We couldn’t find ______________ to eat.
20. There was _______________ strange.
21. I have finished my homework. Now, I have ______________ to do.
22. Tomorrow is my mother’s birthday. We will buy _____________ for her.
23. I don’t want to go out tonight. There is ____________ to come with me.
Negative Prefixes Name:

Negative Prefixes are used to form opposites.

Here are some English negative prefixes: a–, dis–, il–, im–, in-, ir–, non–, un–.

For example, the prefix un- can be attached to the adjective happy to create the
negative adjective unhappy.

Write opposites:

Appear Lucky
Mature Obey
Tidy Order
Obedience Personal
Valid Valuable
Logical Courage
Usual Polite
Ability Resistible
Pure Honest
Pleasant Perfect

Fill in the blanks with the right prefix.

1. The rumours about their reconciliation were completely ____mature.

2. He didn’t like Lisa’s boyfriend. It would be ____honest of him to pretend otherwise.
3. It was ____possible for her to arrive on time to the meeting.
4. The tickets are ___valid. You haven’t stamped them.
5. Many ____legal immigrants were arrested last night.
6. I am convinced now. His arguments were ____resistible.
7. I hate to wait in queues. I’m too ____patient.
8. Look at her shoes. They’re so ____usual.
9. It was such a ____couraging experience.
10. An ___known visitor left a package in the room.
Choose the correct one.

1. He’s an un / in / im friendly boy.

2. Sarah looks very un / in / im happy.
3. This topic is il / ir / im relevant.
4. I dis / in / im agree with you.
5. We’ll think about advantages and dis / in / im advantages of this situation.
6. She is un / in / im familiar with such problems.
7. Sue dis / in / il like drinking tea.
8. John is an un / ir / im educated man but he is very kind.
9. He’s an il / ir / im responsible man.
10. Susan dis / in / im covered something interesting. It was un / ir / im believable.
11. These papers are dis / in / im complete.
12. I’m an dis / in / im patient girl. I feel un / in /im easy when I wait.
Match the opposites.
Able Impatient
Kind Uncomfortable
Usual Unable
Complete Disobey
Formal Disadvantage
Real Unkind
Known Disagree
Obey Unusual
Correct Irresponsible
Patient Incomplete
Agree Informal
Responsible Dishonest
Friendly Unreal
Appear Unfriendly
Honest Unknown
Advantage Disappear
Comfortable Incorrect