m

SPECIFIC HEAT
1. Whenever heat is supplied to a body, its temperature
increases. The amount of heat absorbed by a body depends
on the mass of body, change in temperature of body , thus

Q = msΔϴ
where,
Δϴ = change in temperature
m = mass of body
Q = heat supplied
s = specific heat of a substance
 Q = msΔθ
Q
s=
mΔθ
2. Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of unit mass of a body by 1⁰C.
3. SI unit of specific heat is J/Kg-K or J/Kg-⁰C.
1. Specific heat of solid and
liquids are considered to be
constant.
2. Specific heat of gases are
variable.
3. Specific heat of water
1 cal/g⁰C = 4200J/kgK
4. Specific heat of ice / steam
0.5 cal/g⁰C = 2100J/kgK
Q. Find the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of
5g of water by 20⁰C.
Q. The specific heat of a substance varies with temperature ϴ(⁰C) as –
c = 0.20 + 0.14θ + 0.024θ2
The heat required to raise the temperature of 2g of substance from 5⁰C to
15⁰C will be –
Mechanical energy to heat
1 mv2 J = mechanical equivalent of heat
1. = mSΔθ J = 4.186 joule/ cal
2 J
J = 4.2joule/ cal
mgh
2. = mSΔθ
J
1 Iω 2
3. = mSΔθ
2 J
Q. A lead ball at 25⁰C is dropped from a height of 2kms. It is heated due
to air resistance and it is assumed that all of its KE is converted into
heat and it increases the temperature of the ball. [Slead = 126J/kg⁰C]
Find final temperature.
 HEAT CAPACITY

m
 HEAT CAPACITY
1. Heat capacity of a body is defined as the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of a given mass of a body
by 1⁰C.
Heat capacity = ms = mass × specific heat
Q
Heat capacity =
Δθ
2. Unit of heat capacity is J/ ⁰C or cal/ ⁰C.
3. To raise the temperature by dϴ
Heat required = cdϴ, where c is the heat capacity.
 WATER EQUIVALENT

mW
cB cW mW
mB
 WATER EQUIVALENT
1. When the heat capacity of a body is expressed in terms of
mass of water it is called water equivalent of the body.
2. It is the mass of water which when given same heat as to
the body , changes the temperature of water through the
same range as that of the body.

(heat capacity)body = (heat capacity) water

mB sB = mW s W
mB sB
mW =
sW
LATENT HEAT/HIDDEN HEAT
 LATENT HEAT/HIDDEN HEAT
1. Heat required to change the state of unit mass depends
on the nature of substance and is called latent heat of
substance.
2. heat required to change the unit mass of a solid to its
liquid state at its melting point is called latent heat of
fusion.
3. Heat required to change the unit mass of the liquid to its
vapor state at its boiling point is called latent heat of
vaporization.
4. If m is the mass of the substance and L is the latent
heat then amount of heat required to change the state
of substance is –
Q = mL
5. Unit of latent heat of substance is J/kg or cal/gm.
6. Concept of latent heat is applicable for melting point
or boiling point of substance.
7. Temperature remains constant when the state of
substance changes.
1. Latent heat of fussion/
Latent heat of ice
L F = L ice ≈80cal / g ≈336KJ / kg
2. Latent heat of vaporizati on/
Latent heat of steam
L V = L steam ≈540cal / g ≈2260KJ / kg
Q. Find the amount of heat required to change 100g of ice from -20⁰C
to steam at 100⁰C.
HEATING CURVE
Q. For the same mass find the ratio of sA : sB
A

60⁰
30⁰