Project Seminar Report

On
Design and development of mechanism for making
granuals from recycled molten plastic

A project seminar report submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Submitted By
Rahul M. Gupta
Khushal M. Khadgi
Shubham K. Ambule
Sagar S. Kale
Saurabh D. Ramteke
Rohit P. Shende
Under the Guidance of

Prof.V.D.Dhopte

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

K. D. K. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR
2019-2020
 K. D. K. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Session 2019 - 2020

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that, the Project seminar report entitled “Design and development of mechanism for
making granules from recycled molten plastic” is a bonafide work done under my guidance and
is submitted by the following students of B.E. VII Semester, Mechanical Engineering Department to
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur for the partial fulfillment of the
curriculum of final year Mechanical Engineering.

Name of Students:
1. Rahul M. Gupta
2. Khushal M. Khadgi
3. Shubham K. Ambule
4. Sagar S. Kale
5. Saurabh D. Ramteke
6. Rohit P. Shende

Dr. A. V. Vanalkar Prof.V.D.Dhopte Prof.A.N.Madane Dr.C.C.Handa

(project seminar) (project Guide) ( class incharge) ( Head of Department)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With profound feeling of immense gratitude and affection, we would like to thank our guide
Prof.V.D.Dhopte , Department of Mechanical Engineering for his continuous support,
motivation, enthusiasm and guidance. His encouragement, supervision with constructive criticism
and confidence enabled us to complete this project. We also wish to extend our reverence to him for
providing necessary facilities to complete our project.

We are gratifying to Dr. C. C. Handa, Professor & Head and Dr. S. K. Choudhary,
Professor & Academic Incharge, Department of Mechanical Engineering for motivating us to
put our best efforts in this project work.

We express our admirations for Dr. A. M. Badar, Vice Principal, K. D. K. College of

Engineering, Nagpur for his valuable advice and support throughout this venture.

We also put forth our deepest sense of gratitude towards Dr. D. P. Singh, Principal, K. D.
K. College of Engineering, Nagpur for constant motivation and providing necessary infrastructure.

Finally, a special thank to project In-charge and all the faculty members of the department for
their cooperation throughout the project work.

Name of Students:
1. Rahul M. Gupta
2. Khushal M. Khadgi
3. Shubham K. Ambule
4. Sagar S. Kale
5. Saurabh D. Ramteke
6. Rohit P. Shende
 INDEX

Chapter
Particulars Page No.
No.

1 Abstract 1

2 Introduction 2

3 Problem Identification & Problem Formulation 3

4 Literature Review 4

5 Research Methodology 8

6 Construction & Working 10

7 Design 11

8 Proposed Work in VIII Semester 15

9 References 16
 ABSTRACT

The main purpose of our study is to design and fabricate cost effective plastic recycling
machine For granule products for plastic industries. As these plastic industries were based on export
and imports as well as they wear having financial barriers to install highly sophisticated and advance
recycling machine.
The main aim of the project is to make eco-friendly environment by recycling of waste
plastic. To implement this concept of machine attachment is introduced . Our machine attachment
works to reduce three following process of making plastic granules . First step is to make lump of
plastic and cool it.. In Second step we reheat the lump and draw plastic wire and cool it in a long
cooling water tank and in the third and the last step we cut the plastic wire in a cutter to make plastic
granules.
The attachment will combine this three stages into one stage which will give us a direct
granules as a output by giving molten plastic as a input . Our attachment works on hot cutting of
plastic . By using this attachment we can reduce the number of stages required for making plastic
granuales also it reduce the space consumption in plant . also the power requirment will also be
reduces because of number of stage reduction by machine attachment.
 INTRODUCTION
In India flowers have a great importance mostly as a offerings for different deities for
different regions in various states in various temples, because of these major part of the waste
generated from the temples is flower waste. The most commonly offered flower for most of
the deities is marigold. Hence marigold waste in major part in total flower waste generated in
the temples. Various temples have formulated their methods for disposal of such huge
amount of waste generated in the temples one of the most popular way of waste disposal of
flower is to convert the flower waste into enriched compost which can be use as a fertilizer
for agriculture, horticulture purpose. These methods benefit temple organizations in many
aspects, mainly it helps to generate more work for the excessive labor force within the
country, also it deals with maximum part of temple waste is disposed off in a positive way
generating more revenue for the temple organization. For converting the flower waste into
the compost various methods are used in which machines are involved for efficient working ,
these generate a big scope for various Engineers and organizations to meet the processing
demand of the temples by giving better solutions to handle heavy waste generation rate from
the temples.
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND FORMULATION
• The older machine owned by the consultancy suffers malfunction during the operation,
because during the operation oil is also extracted and the compost becomes mixture of oil and
other flower waste which results in the malfunction of the machine.
• The oil is extracted from the seeds of the marigold flower during the crushing process of the
flowers which is the main cause of the machine malfunction.
• When the compost is mixed with this oil then it jams the machine and is not easy to remove
which make it a complete nuisance for the workers and disrupts the work completely.
• This halts the process completely and consumes lot of time and labor for bringing the
machine back in order.
• The oil extracted from marigold has medicinal value and as well as demand in the market
hence the extracted oil also goes to waste, this oil which is generated from the seeds can be
processed before to separate seeds from the petal and the petals can be converted into
compost and oil can be processed separately from seeds.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The main components that performed threshing were an oscillating top plate and an endless belt
conveyor . The conveyor surface, which effectively forms the bottom plate, moves continuously in a
direction perpendicular to the motion of the top plate. The top plate surface oscillates in a plane
parallel to the conveyor surface and its motion is perpendicular to the conveyor motion. The thresher
was designed to accommodate different plate speeds and gap widths (distance between the parallel
scrubbing surfaces). Plate speeds affect the amount of threshing contact time that the flowers are
subjected to. Plate gap affects the degree of scrubbing action between the plate and the belt. The
conveyor, which forms the bottom scrubbing surface, is 0.84 m wide by 1.4 m long. Support rollers
(127 mm diameter) carry the belt. The drive roller is powered by a variable–speed DC motor through
a gear reduction drive and a chain drive. Conveyor belting material is 120# tan 2–ply SBR Diamond
Top (IBT, Merriam, Kans.). The belting has a laminated, three–dimensional diamond pattern on its
surface. The diamond pattern is formed into the belt to a depth of 3.8 mm. The laminate is made of a
soft elastic polyurethane foam that easily deforms and reforms when pressed. Elasticity of the
laminate was expected to aid in the threshing process by allowing it to deform around larger flower
receptacles and not crush them. A section of this belting material was also bonded to the entire
underside of the top plate. The reciprocating action of the top plate was achieved using a crank wheel
and arm assembly driven by a variable–speed electric motor. A guide mechanism for the top plate
was constructed from steel angle and acts as a rail system, using a combination of roller bearings and
bronze sliding guides to restrict the movement of the plate to a linear motion. The effective stroke
travel of the top plate was 180 mm. The plate dimensions were 862 mm long and 508 mm wide. The
plate and rail system was adjustable to create different gaps between the plate and conveyor. Britton
(1999) provides design details. Conveyor speed was defined as the linear velocity of the belt (mm/s)
and was adjusted using the variable–speed drive motor.
MARIGOLD FLOWERS
Orange Lady marigold (Tagates erecta) transplants, used to supply test flowers, were planted in
mid–May at the Oklahoma Botanical Garden and Nursery complex located in Stillwater, Okla.
Flowers were hand–harvested, beginning in late June, at approximately 2–wk intervals. Flowers that
were less than fully developed were left until the next harvest, while the past–mature flowers were
picked and discarded. Flowers were placed in polyethylene bags and stored at 5C until testing. Prior
to threshing tests, flowers were dried in a single layer using a forced–air deep–bed dryer. Dryer air
temperature was set at 66C with an airflow of 0.3 m3/s per m2 of bed area. The bed area was
sufficient to dry a single layer batch of about 1000 flowers
 Fig : marigold flower

Fig: marigold flower petal complete fig : marigold flowers seeds

 CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

There is a slotted disc which is inclined at 45

degree angle . it is connected to geared
motor which is mounted on solid assembly.
The disc is rotated at a speed of 10 rpm.
When a marigold flower is thrown on a disc
by hopper with the ideal shape of flower .the
flower with below green portion is fixed in
a slotted disc and below the disc the cutter is
attached which cut the green portion of
flower and the upper part of flower get
separated from the
Petals .below the disc there is triangular
hollow portion is provided .and when the
flower is is cut by cutter the green portion is
felled on other side of triangular portion and petals Fig:- structure of proposed machine at initial stage
on another side. On the below portion of disc there is opening is provided from which the the
separated parts get out from the machine the separated parts of petal and seed on the below portion
of the disc In the below portion of disc there is opening is provided .There is a disc which is inclined
at 45 degree angle . it is connected to geared motor

Fig: motor with disc sample view presentation fig: motor with machine structure representation
 DESIGN
The design comprises of a rotating belt which is rotated by dc geared motor with low rpm. The idea
is to get the flower in rotating belt, the flower that will take straight or horizontal position will get
caught in the beltsand will move towards the blade for cutting process, take horizontal position will
keep. And last after cutting flowers remain part which is seeds will fall in downward direction. The
dimensions for various components are

 Length =7200mm
 Height=250mm
 Breadth=750mm
 Diameter of pulley =640mm
 Length of Aluminium rod=4500mm
 Length of metal sheet=900mm
 Length of shaft=1000mm
 Diameter of shaft=50mm
 Distance between base and aluminium rod=1800mm
 Length of stand=350mm
 Diameter of bush=330mm
 Length of cutter=700mm
 Length of cutter stand=
 Length of wooden base=7200mm
 Breath of wooden base=1800mm
 Height of wooden base=200mm
 Length of flat belt=13000mm
 DC geared motor speed=10rpm
 DC motor speed=900rpm
 PROPOSED WORK IN VIII SEMESTER

 Fabrication of the designed machine and make it work successfully as it is aimed .

 Making and submission of thesis of the project.

FUTURE SCOPE OF DEVELOPMENT :-

 Once the machine is made it can be worked on to improve its efficiency.
 Efforts can be made to modify process and improve automisation by
introducing more electronics and microcontrollers.

DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY

Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
Week 11
Week 12

Fabrication of the checking and making and submission

Machine optimization of thesis
 REFERENCES

 Buser, M. D. 1997. Thin–layer drying of marigold flowers and flower components for petal
removal. Thesis, Oklahoma State Univ.: Stillwater, Okla. Britton, B. D. 1999. Testing
operation parameters of a thresher for removal of marigold petals. Thesis, Oklahoma State
Univ. Sci. 57(3): 624–629.
 Mesquita, C. M., and M. A. Hanna. 1996. Soybean threshing devices. Appl. Eng. Agric.
36(2): 281–284.
 Mesquita, C. M. and M. A. Hanna. 1993. Soybean threshing mechanics. I. Fractional rubbing
by flat belts. Trans. ASAE 36(2): 275–279.
 Price, J. S. 1993. Evaluation of an approach to early separation of grain threshed by a
stripping rotor. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 56(1): 65–79.
 Armstrong, P. R., G. H. Brusewitz, M. L. Stone, and N. O. Maness. 2000. Rotary drying for
threshing petals from marigold flowers. Applied Eng. in Agric. 43(2): 379–384.
 Mesquita, C. M. and M. A. Hanna. 1996. Soybean Threshing Devices. Applied Engineering
in Agriculture 12(1):15-19. New York, NY.
 Breemhaar, H. G.; Bouman, A. 1995: Harvesting and cleaning Calendula officinalis, a new
arable oilseed crop for industrial application. Industrial Crops and Products 4: 255-260.
 Muuse, B. G.; Cuperus, F. P.; Derksen, J. T. P. 1992: Composition and physical properties of
oils from new oilseed crops. Industrial Crops and Products 1: 57-65.
 Berry don britton, Oklahoma State University StiU water, Oklahoma ,1996:300-305.
 Charanjiv Gupta, Sanjay Marwaha and Manpreet Singh Manna, Department of Electrical and
instrumentation Engineering, SLIET , longoval, Punjab:100-110.
 Seyyed Hossein Fattahi, Shamsollah Abdollahpour, Hamidreza Ghassemzadeh,Hossein
Behfar, Seyyed Abolghassem Mohammad, regression model of sunflower seed separation,
Agriculture CIGR journal, vol 19, no.2 :187.
 Abdulkadir Baba Hassan, Matthew Sunday Abolarin, Olufemi Ayodeji Olugbojiand
Ikechukwu Celestine Ugwuoke, design and construction of maize threshing machine,
department of mechanical engineering, federal university of engineering Minna, niger state,
Nigeria, vol 3:38-45.
 David S. Cochran , Department of mechanical engineering, MIT, Cambridge , U.S.A, april
2000, vol 6:24-30.