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A case study of adaptation of Disaster Resilience on the community of Barangay

219 of Metro Manila

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the PCC – Manila

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course
Research Project

By:
Kang, Tiphanie Gloveck F.

February 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and its Background 1
Theoretical Framework 2
Research Paradigm 3
Statement of the Problem 4
Hypothesis 4
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Delimitations of the Study 5
Definition of Terms 6

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literatures and Studies 7
Resilience 7
Chapter 3
Methodology 8
Research Design 8
Population and Sampling 8
Research Instruments 9
Data Gathering Procedures 9
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment 10
Bibliography

Chapter 1

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THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
There is no such thing that Human beings or countries are immune to natural
disasters. There may be different ways in terms of Disaster Management
strategies, but that doesn’t count that human beings are immune to natural
disasters. Not only the Philippines is being impacted by natural disasters, but
also some other countries as well such as Japan, America, Canada, and Korea.
But to the extent of encountering those calamities, many lives have been
damaged, properties of the victims are destroyed, everything would be varied
by the government everything would be handled by them and how would they
fix those problems.

Flooding is one of the most frequently being encountered by the Philippines,


due to the monsoon rains and typhoons. Each year the country would
experience 20 (more or less) per year. This type of flooding would most likely
affect many parts of the country. Any amount of excessive rainfall can cause
urban flooding. This would affect the breach in river dikes or levees if those
bodies would be affected it would also cause flooding to the low lying towns
and villages. Floods could damage some properties, agriculture, and also it
could affect the lives of the people. The Philippines has experienced several
disasters related to flooding, it has caused damage to the lives of the people.

Community Resilience project or The Resilience Project aims to contribute to


national efforts to build community resilience and to be able to reduce the
vulnerability to natural hazards. To be able to fix one problem in each
barangay that has been affected by the typhoon, it is important that one
barangay or community would have a resilience project, it is not only the
safety of the people which is the main focus but the awareness of the people
when a natural disaster is also an important thing to let the people know
about.

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Theoretical Framework

Priority 2 Priority 3
The Strengthening
rehabilitation of the disaster
the community risk
from the governance of

Priority 1 Priority 4
SENDAI Understanding
The safety the situation
people inside FRAMEWOR that has
the K happened
community

Figure 1. Sendai Framework


This study adapted the Sendai framework by UN Member States on 18 March
2015 at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. They
stated that they wanted to have an improved understanding of disaster risk
in all aspects of exposure, vulnerability and hazard characteristics; it was also
stated that they want to strengthen more on the disaster risk governance of
a community and that would include national platforms; and also the
accountability for the disaster risk management. On this framework they also
want to let the people open their minds on preparing themselves on “Build
Back Better”; it is the recognition of stakeholders and their roles inside the
government, the mobilization of risk-sensitive investment to be able to reduce
the creation of new risk; to be able to build the resilience of health
infrastructure, cultural heritage and work-places; it would also help
strengthening the international cooperation and global partnership, and risk-

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informed donor policies and programs, and that would also include the
financial support and loans from international financial institutions.
Research Paradigm

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT


Profile of the Collect Determine if
respondents survey adapted there are
Age form Schippers significant
Capabilties (2015), uses datas from the
Social Likert scale to past
Behavior
asses researches
Description of the
following respondents’ about disaster
Knowlegde of ratings resilience
the people about
disaster resilience To be able to
The capabiity determine the
of the community knowledge of
basing on the the people about
management disaster
resilience

FEEDBACK
Figure 2. Research Paradigm

This paradigm provides an outline of the study of disaster resilience of a


community in effect of disasters that are being encountered and being solved
by the community. The paradigm shows the input, process and the output of
the survey that the respondents will participate in.

Statement of the problem

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This study attempts to analyze the knowledge of the people about the disaster
resilience that is being instructed to the community. Specifically, this study
aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the basic information of the people that are important to the
community profile in terms of the following
1.1 Age;
1.2 Capabilities;
1.3 Social Behavior;
2. How are policies on disaster risk management formed and implemented
in the community?
3. What are the basic knowledge of the people about the disaster
resilience?

Hypothesis
The hypothesis of this study is that there is no significant study of such
prepared disaster resilience in agny other parts of the philippines.

Significance of the study

Barangay official. This could help the Barangay Officials of each


barangay to understand how much damage a natural disaster could affect the
community itself and to understand how much of a problem could lead them
to when something bad happens to the community.
Residents. This could help the residents understand that not only the
barangay officials are the only ones who are going to work but the whole
community should need to work together.
Students. This could help the students to understand how one
barangay constructs safety and the types of problems when we are
experiencing such natural disasters. This could also lead them to thinking that

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helping inside and outside of them community is important and how much of
a big deal it is to help.
Future Researchers. This could help the future researchers to help
them realize that there are studies that could help our community that are
able to understand such resilience in one another.

Scopes and delimitations of the study


The study will gather its data based on the results of the survey taken by

the respondents, and all data will not be compared to one another. The data

gathered will be based on a survey adapted from Schippers (2015) in order to

satisfy the conclusion and will be reflected in the interpretation of the data.

Though, the results will not be examined by experts as it is beyond the

researchers' capabilities.

This study covers the data of information or the community profile of one

specific barangay only . Specifically, this study would mainly focus on a

barangay that was chosen by the researcher. The sources gathered will also

be limited as it will be coming from the barangay, newspapers for the natural

disaster and other media prints, and also from the World Wide Web.

Definition of terms

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Disaster Resilience. It is the ability of the countries, communities and
households to be able to change, and by maintaining or transforming living
standards in the face of shocks or stresses - such as earthquakes, drought or
some violent conflicts - without compromising the long term prospects.
Community resilience. It is the sustained ability of a community to
utilize available resources to respond to, withstand, and recover from adverse
situations.
Resilience. It is the capability of one’s person to be able to restore itself
after the destruction or damages that has caused
Community Profile. It is the data sheet that records information on a
broad range of factors such as environmental/natural features and
management, sociodemographic characteristics, political and economic
structures, local institutions, economic activities and livelihoods, basic
household and community facilities.

Chapter 2

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Review of related Literature
Resilience
According to Fleming and Ledogar (2008), it has gone through so
many stages for the past 40 years, it was defined as a positive adaptation
despite adversity. It was stated that from a time that they have focused on a
vulnerable or invincible child, some psychologists began to recognize that it
seems to promote more on the outside of one individual. It led them to do a
research that resilience factors at the individual, family, community and also
some different cultural levels. It was stated that the effects of community
and culture have on resilience in individuals, there is a growing interest in
resilience that features the entire communities and cultural groups. Fleming
and Ledogar stated that some contemporary researchers have found that
resilience factors may vary on different risk contexts and it has contributed a
notion that resilience may take some time or maybe processes that could be
encountered in the future.

Based on the study of Tierney and Bruneau, resilience can be exhibited


both inherently, in a system’s ability to function well under normal
circumstances, and adaptively, in how it shows flexibility in and following
disaster conditions.

Chapter 3

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Methodology

This chapter presents the research methods, the instruments used in


gathering data, as well as the data gathering itself. It is divided into five
parts; Research Design, Population and Sampling, Research Instruments,
Data Gathering Procedure, and Data Processing and Statistical Treatment.

Research Design

The study utilized a quantitative-correlational research design, a method

that measures the relation between two variables. Having three possible

results: a positive correlation, a negative correlation, and no correlation

(McLeod, 2018). Furthermore, correlation can identify the degree or strength

of the relationship of the variables (Siegle, 2015).

The aim of this study is to know if there is a prior knowledge of the

people inside the community and the number of knowledge that they have

learned from their surroundings; therefore, a quantitative-correlational

research design would allow the study to conclude not only if there is or not a

relationship between the two variables, but also the strength of the

relationship.

Population and Sampling


This study mainly focused on the audience only, specifically having a
stratified sample of 20 total respondents, which will be 10 coming from
every the heads of the barangay officials and the remaining 10 would be
coming from the selected resident of the community . Through this, it could
help the researcher identify how much knowledge or how prepared are the

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residents inside the community, and this would also help to know how much
the Barangay officials give such education about disaster to the people inside
the community.
Research Instruments
According to Fowler (2014), the main way of collecting or gathering
data is through asking people or the respondents questions; their answers
will then establish the data which the researcher will
analyze. This study will utilize and adapt the survey created by Schippers
(2015) for it has a set of questions that the study aims to answer, namely
the age of the respondent, their capabilities of their works in life, and their
social behavior or their connection to his/her surroundings.

Data gathering Procedure


The respondents for this study will be made under stratified sampling,
whereas the research would be asking the barangay officials what is going to
happen and what it is about, and then the researcher would look for the 10
barangay officials and the 10 that would come from a random resident. The
study will be conducted starting the month of January until the researcher is
able to have a communication with the said barangay officials and the said
random resident. As for the respondents, each will be given an adapted
survey of Schippers’ survey (2015), without having any time limit.

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment


The survey will be divided into three parts, specifically having

respondents have five choices to choose from. There are 15 items for

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assessing the professional manner; knowledge about disaster preparedness,

the level of preparedness of the people in terms of natural disasters. The

respondents described best as their answer. The survey will use a five-point

Likert scale to assess the ratings of the respondents, having the frequency of

each point (5-1) per item. With the survey, the respondents rated the

regarding questions.

The survey will be evaluated and measured using the Pearson R formula.

The Pearson R formula would find the relationship prepared and the prior

knowledge of the people inside the community

Formula for Pearson R:

𝑟𝑟(𝑟𝑟 − 𝑟)(𝑟𝑟 − 𝑟
=
√𝑟𝑟(𝑟𝑟 − 𝑟) 2 √𝑟𝑟(𝑟𝑟

Wherein:

R = Pearson correlation coefficient

x = Values in the first set of data

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Y = Values in the second set of data

N = total number of values

Bibliography

GSDRC. (2019). What is disaster resilience? - GSDRC.


Maria, K., John, L., Therese, M., Bruce, E., Maria, D. and Harvey, C. (2018).
State of the research in community resilience: progress and challenges.
Emerald.com. (2019). Thesis title: Building resilience to disasters and
climate change: pathways for adaptive and integrated disaster resilience in
Indonesia | Emerald Insight.
John Fleming, R. (2020). Resilience, an Evolving Concept: A Review of
Literature Relevant to Aboriginal Research. [online] PubMed Central (PMC).
Huduser.gov. (2020). The Research Basis for Disaster Resilience | HUD
USER.
ross, h. and berkes, f. (2020). Research Approaches for Understanding,
Enhancing, and Monitoring Community Resilience. [online] Taylor & Francis.
Helen Ross & Fikret Berkes (2014) Research Approaches for Understanding,
Enhancing, and Monitoring Community Resilience, Society & Natural
Resources, 27:8, 787-804, DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2014.905668

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