DEBERE BERHAN UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANTIES

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIROMENTAL STUDY
A senior essay on
AN ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC WATER USE CHALLENGES IN
GOMER KEBELE, NORTH SHOA ZONE, AMHARA REGIONAL
STATE
By: AYAHLUSH ARAGAW
ID NO DBUS/0767/08
ADVISOR: ADUGNA ENDALEW(DIRECTOR)

FERBRUARY 2012
DEBREBERHAN, ETHIOPIA
Contents
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1Background of the study ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Statement of the study ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Objective of the study ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 General objective ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.3.2 Specific objective ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Research question............................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Delimitation of the study .................................................................................................................... 2
1.5.1 Significant of the study .................................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Operation definition ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.7 Organization of the paper ................................................................................................................... 2
1.8 Limitation of the study ........................................................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Literature review ................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 The important of domestic water ....................................................................................................... 3
2.2. Factors affecting the use of domestic water ..................................................................................... 3
2.2.1Topography ....................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.2 Population growth ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.3 Economic Development – ................................................................................................................ 3
2.3 Domestic water use in Gomer Kebele ................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................................ 4
3. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Distribution of the study area ............................................................................................................. 4
3.1.1 land use ............................................................................................................................................ 4
3.1.2 Location............................................................................................................................................ 5
3.1.3 Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1.4 Climate ............................................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.5 Demographic characteristics............................................................................................................ 5
3.1.6 Language and religion ...................................................................................................................... 5

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3.1.7 Socio-economic activities................................................................................................................. 6
3.1.8 Educational service .......................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1.1 Transportation .......................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1.2Health care service in the woreda ............................................................................................. 6
3.1.1.4 Water source............................................................................................................................. 6
3.1.1.5 Historical background of menz keya gebreal woreda............................................................... 7
3.2 Research method ................................................................................................................................ 7
3.2.1 Research design ........................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.2 Data Source .................................................................................................................................. 7
3.2.3 Population and sampling techniques ........................................................................................... 7
3.2.4 Data Gathering tools .................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.5 Data Gathering procedures.......................................................................................................... 7
3.2.6 Data Analysis technique ............................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Time Schedule ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3Budget Break down.............................................................................................................................. 9

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CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the study

It is obvious that water is very important resource to sustainable life on the earth ,for example for human
being water gives a lot of advantage throughout their life, such as for drinking purpose for expanding
water irrigation for cooking purpose for generating hydroelectric power (john,2006)

Domestic water uses in the world cities and town is a huge engineering problem. According to united
states department of commerce the city of united states with the total population of 110,000 in 1995
produced and distributed 196M3 of water daily to domestic water uses and industry(john 2006)access to
domestic water uses challenges is show recognize as key issue in socio economic development of the
country.
country which have less to domestic water uses limits the personal water requirement
(Yass,2001)presently like other towns cities of Ethiopia, the woreda of Gomer around amhara region
north shewa zone Gomer.the woreda is facing domestic water uses and domestic water challenges. Due to
the source of domestic water and increasing of the consumers, it becomes a serious challenge of Gomer
wereda for week of assessing domestic water use and challenges. The researcher will motivate conduct
this study.

Water has significant role in one words people to daily life that the domestic water uses conservation
skills are not developed well enough Gomer wereda supportive.merhabete wereda a fact that in coverage
every day since domestic water improvement activity and programs are less there is mainly a close
relationship between people to property of waters action.

1.2. Statement of the study

Domestic water use water for indoor and outdoor lolled purpose all things you do at home for
drinking,bathing,food preparation and garden activity so our country people dominated by domestic food
however the domestic water use system of Ethiopia is dominated by self-supply and deliver by water
department according to(Dems et al,2013).

According to john 2007 important improvement method of domestic water is use to minimize polluted
generation by improve good housing keeping use specific land and by practice green.

Infrastructures also this use west wide treatment biological treatment and chemical treatment depend on
the above idea. These studies give more information.

Infrastructure also this use west wide treatment biological treatment and chemical treatment
depend on the above idea this study give more information.

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1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 General objective

The main objective of the study to assess domestic water challenge in Gomer woreda north
shewa zone Amhara regional state Ethiopia

1.3.2 Specific objective

The specific objective of this study

1. To identify the main sources of domestic water use in the study area.
2. To assess the alternative sources of domestic water use in the study area.
3. To assess the magnitude of domestic water use in the study area.

1.4 Research question

At the end of this study the study finding should answer the following leading answers

1. What are the main sources of domestic water use in the study area?
2. What is the alternative source of domestic water use in the study area?
3. To what extent domestic water use challenge exists in the study area?

1.5 Delimitation of the study

The study is delimited to assess domestic water use and its challenge related to Amhara national
regional north show a zone at Gomer kebele.

1.5.1 Significant of the study

The assessment of domestic water use and domestic water use challenge in the study area is
important to give direction through which people are able participate an over coming this
challenge problem in the study area. It is also important for the other researcher to refer relevant
information in order to fill the gap via by comparing and contrasting the study.

1.6 Operation definition

 Water is one of the basic needs for the people and important to all living things.
 Gomer is the name of the woreda.
 Challenge-problem
 Domestic-in door or out door
 Improve-add or increase

1.7 Organization of the paper

The paper will divide in to three chapters the first chapter is introduction part which
includes background the study, statement of the challenge, objective of the study, the
research question, significant of the study, termed of the reference, scope of the study and
organization of the study. The second chapter is literature review and conceptual frame

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 work. The third chapter is methodology description of the study area, sampling method,
data analysis method on flow chart.

1.8 Limitation of the study

While the resources will be conducted with a number of challenges. The challenges
which ware confronting us lack of time, finance and reference material. Lack of
experience on research preparation and on willingness of some respondent to give full
information.

CHAPTER TWO

2. Literature review

2.1 The important of domestic water

Water/ways important in house in working place in the recreational place and of different
activities such as washing cooking and carrying a way west product, the demand of water
has been shown to be a function of many variables like system organization political and
economic perception/majid 1995/
According to majid 1995 the amounts of water availability to the society’s limited in
most case.it is also limited in the climate condition hydrological factor, social and
economic factor that has resulted from insufficient domestic water uses.
The properly location water resource of domestic water use and use is essential to health
the shortage of domestic water use load to the problem of population inflection discus
and population that are associated with in sufficient contaminated water scar city /john
2001/

2.2. Factors affecting the use of domestic water

Water is affected by different factors. The following are the major factors for domestic water usage.

2.2.1Topography
Topography insolence the distribution of water through the pipe line distribution water to
mountain area is difficult thus the following water becomes in adequate to the higher mountain
that limits the amount of consumption.

2.2.2 Population growth –all of the world people are completing by water use and domestic
water use issue the relationship population to water resource is logical expressed as when the since of the
city residents increase. The domestic of water become limited.

2.2.3 Economic Development –economic development is the factor on the amount of domestic
water use in the people. Although it is difficult to establish the quantitative relation between the extents of

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piped domestic water use to the urban settlement. Urban and the rate of economic growth economist’s
development are that without urban economic development no lasting adequate.

Domestic water use is assured/world health organization/economic health is reflected in all aspects
resource management and development, low development and other economic issue influence availability
of funds for water use.

Poverty is much more serious in many tropical area where most of the community life and around the
edge of the city and in which the size of the city in habitat growing rapidly most of the people cannot
access of convectional good domestic water use at present and the like between water and the expansion
city in habitat determine it the economic development though dwelling 799 in mercantile commercial
establishment and industrial science construction in a given country. However the challenge of domestic
water use affects the normal operation of such program recharge.

2.3 Domestic water use in Gomer Kebele

The source of domestic water use in town in spring and river and sometimes rainfalls, the source of
domestic water use in the town is not distributed to every village because pipe line is not laid sown yet the
challenges of domestic water use is a very high in winter season,

Such as in February, March, April and May domestic water use one conception challenge from
different source, because it is one of the processing challenges that occur especially in gomer
kebele with a special reference to zemero.

CHAPTER THREE
3. Methodology

3.1 Distribution of the study area

3.1.1 land use

The total land of menz keya gebreal woreda is about 59,345 ha with regard to the land use
system of the woreda about 29,460 Ha cultivated lands 28,550 ha is covered by an cultivalble
land and the remaining is covered by other resource./MKGW RADIO 2010/.

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3.1.2 Location

Menz keya gebreal woreda is located in north shoa administrative zone of amhara national
state.this woreda is covered 314 km far from the capital city of the country,Addis Ababa,884 km
far from the capital of amhara region as city of bahir dar as well as 184 km far from the city of
north shoa zone,Debre berhan,the capital of the woreda is known as zemero.It has 12 rural and 1
urban kebele the total area of the woreda is about 59.543 ha,the general elevation of the woreda
like between 1469-2920 Masl.The woreda is bordered by jama degolo woreda in the north menz
lalomidir,basona werana,moretna jiru,mojana wedera woreda in the south merhabetie woreda in
the west menz geramdir woreda in the east gomer kebele in the big kebele in the menzkeya
gebreal woreda.it is located in the amhara regional state of the north shoa zone.The kebele is
found in the west kolako east akafie kebele in the south gomer in the north menth geramdr
woreda and jama degolo woreda/zemero journal.

3.1.3 Topography

The general topography feature of the woreda include plan(40.5%) up and down 935.5%
mountain/plateau/10% valley gorge 9105) and remaining (7%) is others this implies that the
woreda is dominantly cored by plain area according to top under high land area that is about sea
level attitude 2300-3300 at sea level.

3.1.4 Climate

According to topographic classification system the study are categories as moderate the study
area receive the annual maximum rain fall range though out the year is between 7000-1300
mm.the maximum and minimum temperature is the woreda 272 and 10 degree centigrade(MK
gwado 2009).

3.1.5 Demographic characteristics

The total population of menz keya gebreal woreda at the present estimated to 102,460 of which
90,445 are rural residents and the remaining 12,015 are urban settlements(MKGWCO,2011) out
of the population 49,124 are females(48%) and the remaining or rest 53,336 are males(52%).in
addition to this 97% of the population of the woreda is engaged on agriculture and remaining 3%
is based on commercial activities.

The total population of the gomer kebele is 4955 and the study area zemero has 4955 population
are 2378 males 2577 females(MKGWCO 2011).

3.1.6 Language and religion

Language of Gomer kebele is is more dominantly Amharic and religion of the woreda is 99%
orthodox and 1%of other religion.
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3.1.7 Socio-economic activities
The major economic activities of the woreda are agriculture and trade. Agriculture is first
industry for Ethiopia and it is the back bone of the economic activity in menz keya gebireal
woreda wheat, barley, corn, potato, sorghum/millet, beans, and tiff entails are the most staple
grains and pula which are produced by farmers beside this cash cropping product include
grains, banana, orange, onion, and sugarcane are produced.

3.1.8 Educational service

In menz keya gebireal woreda the first primary school was established in 1961 to improve
educational activity in the town and the first secondary school was established on 1998 which
was called zemero high school.

Today in menz keya gebrieal woreda there are 36 first cycle school.2 high school and 1
prepartory school.in Gomer kebele there are 2 primary schools namely zemero primary
school(menz keya gebreal woreda education office 2011.)

3.1.1.1 Transportation

The town of gomer kebele has only road transport activity buth this transport activity even has its
own challenges because it is not commonly used in the kebele, in this kebele there are directional
road transport which are extended gomer to zeret 18 km(menz keya gebreal woreda to gomer 7
km gomer to alert 28 km (menz keya gebreal woreda transport offices.

3.1.1.2Health care service in the woreda

The first clinic was established is before 1983 which is found in the town today in zemero woeda
the number of health care institution are 5 health post and 4 clinics starting after 1983 there are
12 health post implementation service to the people and two private clinic and 4 health
centers(menz keya gebreal woreda health office 2016).

3.1.1.4 Water source

Water is the most essential element among other basic needs or infrastructure without food
people many stay for days but without water people cannot more than one day.

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3.1.1.5 Historical background of menz keya gebreal woreda

Menz keya gebreal woreda was established during the regime of emperor ras kitaw gezahegn in
1970 the name zemero was also given by abune aregawi before 1970. Zemero chenca town to
found drinking water due to the long traveling distance abune aregawi was very tried and sings a
songs and called a place gomer.Abune aregawi very happy by this song and live the place to the
gaze woreda zemero(menz keya gebireal woreda communication office 2016).

3.2 Research method

3.2.1 Research design

The study focuses assessing domestic water use and domestic water use challenges in gomer
kebele, research design implies employed to answer research questions as.

In this study descriptive research design will employed based on the around that it helps to
describe the correct situation of domestic water use and water use challenges beside of

Data from many respondents it describes what the really or what they actually exist with the situation.

3.2.2 Data Source

In order to collect meaningful data primary data source will employ according to it necessity.

The primary source of data will gather through close ended questionnaires and open ended interview
question from gomer kebele.

3.2.3 Population and sampling techniques

Due to the fact that the researcher will work in gomer kebele know existing challenge in the 10 present of
people who live there will select with random sampling technique, particularly lottery method in order to
give equal chance for the people and to represent the house hold zemero woreda water use management
committed and water tickers will selected by purposive sampling techniques because these participants
nearest to the existing problem generally there are 950 people who live in gomer kebele from this total
population the researcher will select 45 respondents in though random sampling techniques particularly
method and respondents through purposive sampling techniques lottery representation sample size.

Totally 23 females 22 male’s respondents will be selected the prepared question and answer the prepared
interview question in the study.

3.2.4 Data Gathering tools

In order to gather relevant information from different source the researchers will use questioner and
interview

3.2.5 Data Gathering procedures

The data which will collect through closed ended questioner and interview will be organized and analyzed
through percentage and description.

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 3.2.6 Data Analysis technique
After the researcher gather relevant data from different sources by using different data gathering
tool/questioner and interview/the researcher analyze the data through qualitative descriptive and
qualitative /percentage and tabulation for this particular study both quantitative and qualitative approaches
of research will employed.

3.3 Time Schedule

no Activities the
August
September

October

November

December

January

February

March

April

May

June
July
going to be
done(perform)

1 Problem identify 
and select tile
2 Proposed  
preparation
3 Submission of 
proposal draft
4 Revising and 
recognizing the
edit proposal
5 Data collection 
6 Data analysis and
interpretation
7 Submission of first 
data report writing
8 Revising and 
reorganizing the
edited report
writing
9 Submission of 
final report writing
10 Reflection or 
presentation of the
report writing

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3.3Budget Break down
Budget is the requirement to do this research and activity the expected outcome of the research is

presented as follows

no Material needed and unit Quantity Unit cost Total cost birr
requirement
Birr cent Birr Cent

1 Transportation and Days 7 150 1050

enveloped

2 Stationaries

pen No, 4 7 28

pencil No, 3 4 12

paper • Desta 1 130 130

Art line No, 3 7 21

Not book No, 2 50 100

Computer link No 1 250 250

3 Typist scale edits and page 90 10 900

printers

Total 1631

Reference

• Amhara regular agricultural development 2004

• Annual planning (2012) for women, child office of merhabete

• Climate data (2012) Agro-climatic classification system

• John(9,2008) water use challenges in the woreda

• Menz keya domestic water use out hoity(2012)population data

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• Ministry of mineral and water resource (2004) domestic water use resource in Ethiopia

• Ministry of mineral and water resource (2004) domestic water use resource in Ethiopia

• Nature resource management and water(2006) domestic water use and water use in the study area

• Population data of menz keya gebreal woreda (2012)

• Worren johns(1985) the development and planning new delidisgnziabal universality press.

• Merhabete domestic water use out hoity(2012)population data

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