8465 1F QP Synergy SpecimenSet 2 v1.0 PDF

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Centre number Candidate number
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GCSE
COMBINED SCIENCE SYNERGY F
Foundation Tier Paper 1F
Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Materials For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
Question Mark
 a ruler
 a scientific calculator 1
 the periodic table (enclosed) 2
 the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed).
3
Instructions 4
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 5
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
6
 Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want 7
to be marked. 8
 In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
9
Information TOTAL
 The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.
SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs/E1 8465/1F

Do not write
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box
0 1 Figure 1 shows a reflex arc that moves the arm if the hand touches something hot.
Figure 1
0 1 . 1 Which part is the receptor?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
A B D F
0 1 . 2 Which part is the effector of the reflex action?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
A B D F
SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

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0 1 . 3 Which part shows a sensory neurone?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
B D E F
0 1 . 4 Which part shows a synapse?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
A B D E
0 1 . 5 Part C contains DNA.
Which part of the nerve cell is C?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Question 1 continues on the next page
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0 1 . 6 Reflex actions are automatic and do not involve thinking.
Why is this an advantage?

[1 mark]
0 1 . 7 Which two factors can make you slower to react to a stimulus?

[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
Alcohol
Caffeine
Daylight
Practice
Tiredness

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0 2 Respiration occurs in living cells.
0 2 . 1 Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration.

[3 marks]
+ oxygen +
Lactic acid is produced in muscles when there is insufficient oxygen for

aerobic respiration.
0 2 . 2 Suggest how muscles feel when lactic acid levels increase.

[1 mark]
Turn over ►

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Scientists investigated the concentration of lactic acid in the blood of an athlete

running at different speeds.
This is the method used.
1. An athlete runs on a treadmill at a speed of 3.0 metres per second (m/s).
2. After 10 minutes her blood lactic acid concentration is recorded.
3. The athlete rests until her lactic acid concentration returns to normal.
4. She repeats the investigation at different speeds.
The room was kept at 18 °C.
Figure 2 shows the scientists’ results.
Figure 2

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0 2 . 3 Give three control variables in this investigation.

[3 marks]
0 2 . 4 Describe the trend shown in Figure 2 between 3.5 m/s and 5.0 m/s
[2 marks]
0 2 . 5 Determine the change in lactic acid concentration in the blood between 3.5 m/s
and 5.0 m/s
[2 marks]
Change in lactic acid concentration = arbitrary units
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0 2 . 6 As the speed increases the heart rate of the athlete increases.
As the speed increases from 3.0 m/s to 3.4 m/s lactic acid concentration in
the blood decreases.
Explain how an increase in heart rate could cause the decrease in lactic acid
concentration.
[3 marks]
Use words from the box.
blood flow muscle oxygen respiration
0 2 . 7 After the athlete stops running, her heart rate and breathing rate do not immediately
return to normal.
Why does it take time for her heart rate and breathing rate to return to normal?
[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
After anaerobic respiration oxygen debt must be repaid.
Carbon dioxide is not being produced.
Increased breathing rate delivers more carbon dioxide to muscles.
Increased heart rate delivers more glucose to muscles.
Oxygen is needed to remove lactic acid from muscles.

16

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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0 3 Figure 3 shows how cells from human embryos can be used to grow ‘replacement
body parts’ for humans.
Figure 3
0 3 . 1 How many chromosomes are in a fertilised human egg?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
12 23 46 92

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0 3 . 2 What is the process labelled G?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Fertilisation
Inheritance
Meiosis
Mitosis
0 3 . 3 When the embryo is three days old, it contains eight cells.
How many times has the fertilised egg cell divided by day three?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
2 3 4 8
0 3 . 4 Stem cells become specialised in the process labelled H in Figure 3.
What is the process labelled H?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Differentiation
Evolution
Genetic modification
Selective breeding
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0 3 . 5 Which two parts would be found in all the cells in Figure 3?

[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
Cell membrane
Call wall
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
Plasmids
0 3 . 6 Why might stem cells from human embryos be more useful than stem cells
from adults?
[1 mark]

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0 3 . 7 Some parents have stem cells from the umbilical cord of their baby collected
and stored.
These stem cells can be used to treat diseases in the child later in life.
Why might stem cells from their own umbilical cord be used rather than stem cells
from another embryo?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Less risk of rejection of umbilical cord stem cells.
Stem cells from another embryo can treat more diseases.
Umbilical cord stem cells are older.
0 3 . 8 Some medical uses of stem cells are still experimental.
Why do some scientists have concerns about the use of stem cells?
[1 mark]
0 3 . 9 Some people object to the use of embryonic stem cells because of religious beliefs.
Give one other ethical concern about the use of embryonic stem cells?
[1 mark]
10
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0 4 Figure 4 shows a model of the particles in a gas and in a liquid.
Figure 4
0 4 . 1 Complete Figure 4 to show the arrangement of particles of the same substance

as a solid.
[2 marks]
0 4 . 2 What is the name of the process when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Condensing
Evaporating
Freezing
Melting

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0 4 . 3 The substance in Figure 4 has a:

 melting point of 98 °C
 boiling point of 883 °C
What is the state of the substance at 20 °C?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Gas
Liquid
Solid
0 4 . 4 What type of change is a change of state?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Chemical
Kinetic
Permanent
Physical
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0 4 . 5 Which two statements are correct about the particles when a liquid turns into a gas?
[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
Particles are bigger
Particles are lighter
Particles have more chemical energy
Particles have more kinetic energy
Particles move faster
0 4 . 6 Which two quantities are needed to calculate the energy required to turn a liquid into
a gas with no change in temperature?
You may use the Physics Equations Sheet.

[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
Mass of the liquid
Specific heat capacity of the gas
Specific latent heat of vaporisation
Time the liquid is heated

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0 4 . 7 A mass of 2.0 kg of water is heated.
The temperature increase of the water is 80 °C
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C
Calculate the change in thermal energy when the water is heated.
Use the equation:
change in thermal energy = mass  specific heat capacity  temperature change

[2 marks]
Change in thermal energy = J
11
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0 5 Table 1 shows the percentage of some gases in the atmosphere on Earth and
on Venus.
Table 1
Percentage of gas in atmosphere

Gas
Earth Venus
Nitrogen 78.08 3.50
Oxygen 20.95 0.00
Carbon dioxide 0.04 96.50
0 5 . 1 Give two differences in the atmosphere on Earth compared with the atmosphere
on Venus.
[2 marks]
0 5 . 2 Give a source of each of the gases below that are found in the Earth’s atmosphere.
[2 marks]
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen

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0 5 . 3 Water moves between and Earth and its atmosphere.
Describe how water enters and leaves the atmosphere.

[2 marks]
How water enters the atmosphere
How water leaves the atmosphere
0 5 . 4 The percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere is increasing.
What environmental problem is caused by the increased percentage of carbon dioxide

in the atmosphere?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Deforestation
Destruction of peat bogs
Global warming
Pollution of streams
0 5 . 5 Suggest two negative impacts of climate change.

[2 marks]
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0 6 Rose black spot is a disease that affects rose plants.
The leaves of infected plants develop black spots, then turn yellow and drop off
the plant.
0 6 . 1 Give the name of the substance in leaves that is broken down when leaves change
from green to yellow.
[1 mark]
0 6 . 2 Rose black spot can be transferred between plants in water droplets.
Draw one line from each method of black spot prevention to the explanation of why
that method works.
[2 marks]
Method Explanation
Fungus spores are

removed
Plant roses with large
gaps between plants
Helps leaves dry faster
Increases infection in
warm weather
Clear dead leaves
Prevents rain falling on the
leaves
0 6 . 3 Fungicides can be sprayed on rose plants to prevent infection with black spot.
Some fungicides appear to be less effective than they were 10 years ago.
Suggest why the fungicides are less effective now compared with 10 years ago.
[1 mark]

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Some gardeners claim that rose black spot has become more of a problem since
the Clean Air Act of 1958.
Table 2 shows how the mass of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions has changed.
Table 2
SO2 emissions from each source

in megagrams Total
Year SO2 emissions
Power Manufacturing Homes and in megagrams
stations industry transport
1970 3300 1750 X 6200
1980 3250 900 550 4700
1990 2900 450 300 3650
2000 900 150 150 1200
2010 250 100 50 400
0 6 . 4 The sulfur dioxide emissions in Table 2 are shown in megagrams.
Calculate value X in Table 2.

[1 mark]
X= Mg
0 6 . 5 Give your answer to Question 06.4 in kilograms.
1 megagram = 1000 kilograms

[1 mark]
X= kg
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0 6 . 6 How have power stations reduced their sulfur dioxide emissions?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Power stations used more at night than during the day
Power stations generate more electricity
Power stations use less coal
Power stations use more oil
A gardener concluded that the information in Table 2 shows the Clean Air Act of 1958
changed sulfur dioxide emissions.
0 6 . 7 Give one reason to support the conclusion.

[1 mark]
0 6 . 8 Give one reason why the conclusion may not be valid.

[1 mark]

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0 6 . 9 Suggest how changing sulfur dioxide emissions increased the number of cases of
rose black spot.
[2 marks]
11
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0 7 The Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) is a mammal that was once extinct in the wild.
Figure 5 shows an Arabian oryx.
Figure 5
0 7 . 1 What is the genus of the Arabian oryx?

[1 mark]
Tick one box.
leucoryx
Oryx
Oryx leucoryx

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0 7 . 2 Give two adaptations of the Arabian oryx to living in hot desert environments.
Use information from Figure 5.

[2 marks]
0 7 . 3 The Arabian oryx uses its long horns to fight for territory and mates.
Describe how the long horns could have evolved.

[3 marks]
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Arabian oryx from many different zoos were interbred so that they could be
reintroduced to the wild.
0 7 . 4 What is the name of this method of increasing the population of endangered animals?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Breeding programme
Genetic modification
Natural selection
Selective breeding
0 7 . 5 Explain why it was important to use Arabian oryx from many different zoos instead of
one zoo.
[1 mark]

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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0 8 Figure 6 shows an image of blood viewed with a microscope.
0 8 . 1 Label Figure 6.
[3 marks]
Figure 6

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0 8 . 2 The mean concentration of red blood cells in an adult is 5.5  106 cells per mm3
1 mm3 = 0.000001 dm3
Calculate the mean number of red blood cells in 1 dm3
Give your answer in standard form.

[3 marks]
Mean number of red blood cells in 1 dm3 =
0 8 . 3 Calculate the number of red blood cells in an adult who has 5.2 dm3 of blood.
Use your answer from Question 08.2.

[1 mark]
Number of red blood cells in an adult =
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Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that causes some red blood cells to have
a sickle shape.
Figure 7 shows two red blood cells.
Figure 7
0 8 . 4 A person only has sickle cell disease if two copies of the sickle cell allele are inherited.
What does this tell us about the sickle cell allele?

[1 mark]

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0 8 . 5 Explain how the shape of the red blood cells in a person with sickle cell disease could
affect how much oxygen reaches their muscles.
[6 marks]
0 8 . 6 Suggest one symptom of sickle cell disease.

[1 mark]
15
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0 9 The arrangement of electrons in atoms can change.
0 9 . 1 Describe what might happen to make an electron move from a lower energy level to a
higher energy level in a neon atom.
[1 mark]
0 9 . 2 Describe what happens when an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy level
in a neon atom.
[2 marks]

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0 9 . 3 Table 3 shows information about radiation doses.
Table 3
Radiation dose in millisieverts
Mean annual dose from natural sources 2.7
Mean dose from one aircraft flight 3.0  10−2
The mean annual dose a person receives from natural sources is greater than the
mean dose from one aircraft flight.
Calculate how many times greater.

[2 marks]
Number of times greater =
0 9 . 4 X-rays can be harmful.
Suggest why some people think X-rays are more dangerous than they really are.
[1 mark]
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0 9 . 5 Ionising radiation can be used to treat patients in hospital.
People working in hospitals must limit their exposure to ionising radiation.
Explain how the use of ionising radiation in hospitals can be both useful and harmful.
[6 marks]
12
END OF QUESTIONS
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Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Specimen 2018 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs/E1 8465/1F

0 1 . 1 Which part is the receptor?

0 1 . 2 Which part is the effector of the reflex action?

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 1 . 3 Which part shows a sensory neurone?

0 1 . 4 Which part shows a synapse?

0 1 . 5 Part C contains DNA.

Which part of the nerve cell is C?

Question 1 continues on the next page

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 1 . 6 Reflex actions are automatic and do not involve thinking.

Why is this an advantage?

0 1 . 7 Which two factors can make you slower to react to a stimulus?

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 2 Respiration occurs in living cells.

0 2 . 1 Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration.

Lactic acid is produced in muscles when there is insufficient oxygen for

0 2 . 2 Suggest how muscles feel when lactic acid levels increase.

Question 2 continues on the next page

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

Scientists investigated the concentration of lactic acid in the blood of an athlete

This is the method used.

1. An athlete runs on a treadmill at a speed of 3.0 metres per second (m/s).

2. After 10 minutes her blood lactic acid concentration is recorded.

4. She repeats the investigation at different speeds.

The room was kept at 18 °C.

Figure 2 shows the scientists’ results.

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 2 . 3 Give three control variables in this investigation.

Change in lactic acid concentration = arbitrary units

Question 2 continues on the next page

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 2 . 6 As the speed increases the heart rate of the athlete increases.

blood flow muscle oxygen respiration

After anaerobic respiration oxygen debt must be repaid.

Carbon dioxide is not being produced.

Increased breathing rate delivers more carbon dioxide to muscles.

Increased heart rate delivers more glucose to muscles.

Oxygen is needed to remove lactic acid from muscles.

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

Turn over for the next question

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 3 . 1 How many chromosomes are in a fertilised human egg?

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 3 . 2 What is the process labelled G?

0 3 . 3 When the embryo is three days old, it contains eight cells.

0 3 . 4 Stem cells become specialised in the process labelled H in Figure 3.

What is the process labelled H?

Question 3 continues on the next page

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 3 . 5 Which two parts would be found in all the cells in Figure 3?

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

Less risk of rejection of umbilical cord stem cells.

Stem cells from another embryo can treat more diseases.

Umbilical cord stem cells are older.

0 3 . 8 Some medical uses of stem cells are still experimental.

Turn over for the next question

SPECIMEN MATERIAL IB/M/SAMs2/8465/1F

0 4 Figure 4 shows a model of the particles in a gas and in a liquid.