Andhra Mahasabha: (can be under reasons for Andhra movement):

Sudden outbreak—nizam state social conference proceedings in english & urdu. Leading lawyer
of Hyderabad city, alampalli venkata ramana rao spoke in telugu—section of audience shouted
on them. Telugu people feel insulted---- lead to Andhra janasangham that very night,1921.

Reasons for the formation of Andhra mahasabha:

1. Step motherly treatment towards telugu language and as well telugu speaking people.
2. To promote affairs of the province in vernacular language.
3. Inadequate opportunities for employment for people of Andhra.---.
4. High positioned andhras were treated as madrasis. Ex: veeresalingam- social reforms;
ganjam venkataratnam- politics….. etc
5. No proportionate representation in legislative council.
6. Andhra people have limited accessibility in Professional and higher education. Ex: 8
andhra engineering students out of 122 students in madras university. Medicine=
16/440.
7. Language barrier between the people and grievance redressal officers as they were
anglo-indians.
8. 1906 to 1911 number of students steadily decreased in different educational
institutions. Ex: 212 to 160 in Rajahmundry college; Bandar college- 102 to 84.
9. Muslim ruler--- urdu, the language of administration & medium of instruction.
10. Landlords known as maktedars and pattedars subjected their tenants to serfdom and
slavery known as baghela and vetti chakri(begari).
11. During the 1930 conference, the Andhra Jana Sangham changed its name to the Andhra
Mahasabha. The Andhra Mahasabha, formed in 1930, pushed for the social and cultural
development of the people of Telangana.

Conferences:
YEAR PRESIDENT OBJECTIVES
1922 Konda vankata ranga Name changed to nizam state
reddy Andhra jana sangham.
Telugu culture upliftment.
1928 Women education—Andhra balika
high school @hyd.
1930 conference @ Suravaram pratapa reddy Named as Andhra Mahasabha
Jogipet, medak district
1931 Koti reddy Reorganizing districts on language
basis
 Jogaiah, macheral ramachandra
rao, raja of bobbilii attended
round table conference
4th 1935 @sircilla, Madapati hanumantha Revision of educational system.
karimnagar dt. rao Compulsory primary education.
Mother tongue- medium of
instruction.
Abolition of untouchability, child
marriages.
Introduction of local self
government.

1937 Koti redid @ Vijayawada Development of literature,

education, at, welfare,
administration efficiency…
Sort diff btwn circar and
rayalaseema and united effort for
Andhra people.
Resulting sri bagh pact.

At this time separate Karnataka

movement.

1938 Sarvepalli radhakrishna Separate provence granted by

madras.
Telugu as medium of instruction@
most populated telugu people
areas of oriya, mysore, hyd..
1941 onwards leftists Sir vijaya of Andhra budget, tungabhadra &
leadership vijayanagaram other irrigation projects,
@ Visakhapatnam cooperative bank, SSLC board..
andhra goodwill mission.

Previous leaders were in jail for

congress cause.

10th session 1943 KV ranga reddy Demarcation of boundaries of

@hyd telangana.
1944- leadership
communists
1946—communists
banned n halt to
Andhra mahasabha
Achievements:
 NCM- Andhra participation.
 Governor general council as per people wishes in constitutional reforms.
 Establishment of Andhra university—rayalaseema controversy regarding location
of university.
 Sri bagh pact.
 Passage of resolution of province in madras presidency.
 Political awareness to the people.

Failures to achieve separate province:

o Too much dependence on congress.
o Dual loyality towards congress and mahasabha.
o British interferences to increase differences between tamilians and Andhra.

First lady – nadimpalli sundaramma- Andhra mahila conference.

LIBRARY MOVEMENT:
 Swayambhu=self generating.
 People’s movement.
 Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya rightly said that library movements in other
countries had tried to develop their intelligence only but in A.P. this movement
tried to develop the personality of man and his life should move in right path.
 Village library is the key centre and plays an important role in social and cultural
life of villages.

Reasons for spread:

Intro of printing in telugu in 1806.
Books in telugu, public libraries.
British English education improved literacy lead to employment in government.
Tour of lal & pal for political awakening of people.
Need to have a temple for meetings, decisions.
Sivaji rao gackwad, princely state of baroda supported public libraries.
Infrastructure development like road, rail, postal services.
 Rational thinking of middle class people towards social reforms – kandukuri
veeresalingam- child marriages, widow remarriages..
Vyavaharika bhashodyamam- gidugu rammmorty pantulu.- growth of reading
habits.
Andhra patrika by kasinathuni nageswara rao.

First public libraries in AP:

o Private library of paravastu family turn as public, renamed as arsha grandhalaya.

o James Thomas-1839- fisrt by individual.
o 163 libraries by the end 1914.

Star leaders:

 Chilakamarthi Lakshmi Narashimhamam,- “Grandhalaya Vedam” that

“knowledge should be available to all, as universally and as freely as the air we
breathe, the water that quenches our thirst and the son’s energy that sustains
our cycle oflife”. To integrate all disintegrated libraries thorught out AP.
 “Andhra Desa Grandha Bhandagar Sangham”(AP library association) for
spreading.
 Holding annual conferences.
 Library pilgrimage by iyyanki venakta ramanayya- to inculcate among youth the
value of libraries and invite suggest ways for spread of movment.
 Mobile library services.
 Boat library services- paturi naga bhushanam- attracted youth from villages.
 Grandhalaya sarvasvamu:
 monthly periodical for spread of knowledge.
 Promotion of Adult education- gadi charla ahri sarvottahma rao.
 Literature and news.
 Nilgiri patrika
 Telugu patrika
 Golkonda patrik, telangana.

 By law: 1947 draft bill by madras—library act 1950.

In telangana:
 Establishment Sri Krishnadevaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam at Hyderabad in 1901
is a land mark in the history of library movement in Telangana Region.
 Andhra jana sangham formed with the basic objecitive- telugu.
 State library sessions.
 Obstacles:
 1929- order not to conduct meetings and no opening of reading halls.—named
as gastinishan 53.
 Rahbera deccan- urdu daily- criticizes library movement.

Achievements:
 Promoted nationalistic ideas.
 Instilled thirst of knowledge.
 People as patriotic acitizens.
 Voice over oppressive and autocratic rule.
 Seeds of revolution.
 Strength amd knowledge to fight for civil, liberty & political rights.
 Improved literacy.

After 1947:

1. Libraries act 1948.

2. AP act & telangana act combined to AP public libraries act 1960.
3. 3 types of libraries government, zilla grandhalaya samstha libraries, aided libraries.

Anantpur district:

 Library movement in 600 itself.

 Proof: jain temples at penukonda, tadipatri, rayadurg.
 Only 4 in 100 men and 4 in 1000 obtain education.
 earliest reading room in the district was started in the year 1883 at Anantapur.
 Edward caronation reading room in dharmavaram still continuing.
 Saraswati nilayam in 1921 at adharamvaram by sanjeeeva rao and kumaraswamy.

Spread in anantapur:

 Harikathas.
 Epic story lectures.
 Wall posters.
 Grampphone records.
 Night schools for women and children.