NG SDH

Object~ves
Upon completion of this course, you

will be able to:

Grasp the basics of NG-SDH Compare SDH & NG-SDH Realize NG-SDH enabling technologies

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 3

Contents

Chapter 1 SDH Basics

Chapter 2 NG-SDH Basics


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Page 4

Conte~ds

---.------------------

Chapter 1 SDH Basics

1.1 SDH Overview

1.2 SDH Frame

1.3 SDH Pointers & Overheads


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Page 5

SOH Basics

I SOH Overview I

STM-N

Container

Service Signal Flow Model


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Page 6

SOH Basics

Basic Functions

• Tributary Traffic -7 Access for low rate signals • Line Traffic -7 Access for high rate signals

Line Traffic

(STM-lo, STM-4, STM-16, STM-64~---------"r

SOH POH ATM LAN

STM-1e E1/T1 155M FE

E3/0S3 622M GE

E4

Tributary Traffic


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Page 7

SOH Basics

1. Available Optical and Electrical Interfaces of SOH equipment

• Existing PDH Signals can be connected

• Multiple vendors' equipment can be optically interconnected

• Scalability up to 10GbiUs


1. Multiplexing Method

• Byte Interleaved Multiplex to obtain I SDH signals

• Multistage Pointers to align low rate

• Direct Add/Drop of low speed tributa

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Page 8

SOH Basics

1. OAM

• Overhead bytes for management

• Remote & Centralized Management

• Fast circuit provisioning from centralized point

• Advanced facilities for service quality monitoring

1. Compatibility

• PDH, SDH, ATM, Ethernet signals can be accessed

• SONET


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Page 9

Conte~ds

---.------------------

Chapter 1 SOH Basics 1.1 SOH Overview 1.2 SOH Frame

1.3 SOH Pointers & Overheads


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Page 10

• Basic Frame: STM-1

• Total number of bytes: 2430

• Array of 9 Rows and 270 Columns

• Consists of 3 main Parts:

Payload, Overhead & Pointers

• Frame repetition rate: 125 us -7 8000 Frame/s

• Transmission mode: Byte by 9

byte, Row by row, from Left to

right and from Top to bottom

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

SOH Basics

I SOH Frame I

Section
Overhead
RSOH
AU-PTR
Payl

Section
Overhead
MSOH 270 Columns

Page 11

SOH Basics

I Multiplexing Structure I

,AU-4-256c ' ·-·~VG-4-:256CI

AU-4-64c '.-.~ VC-4-64c 1

AU-4-16c ···i VG-4-1 fl!c I'

AU-4-4c ... i VC-4-4c 1

AU-4 ... ~ VG-4

)(3
,AU-3 · ... i VC-3 Pojnter prucessifllig Mu ttl plexjn g AI~,gnin9

Mapp~ng

L__ _ __J" ··_·i VC-2:

L..-----IL__ _ __J . ;;-., VC-1:2 L..-._--!_ __ .•. ~';" VC:-11


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Page 12

SOH Basics

I Tributary Multiplexing Example: E1 I

+TU-12

9

1 4 11 4 1 4 1 12 1 _J _J 86 1 111261
~~"~~~~~~ X7+2R1~1!:~ X3+2R1~~~~~
~~1I~r 9~' ~r 9 x ,~I 9:/ ~~ 9 ~I~IJ 9 ~~~I'fl~
'---y---J '---y---J , '---y---J '---y---J \. ./
+LO-POH ,J__,

+R +R

+R+R +HO-P

i

i

TU-PTR

i

i

f

C-12

VC-12

TUG-2

TUG-3

VC-4

C = Container

VC = Virtual Container TU = Tributary Unit

AU = Administrative Unit TUG = Tributary Unit Group AUG = Administrative Unit Group

R = Redundancy bytes


'------- --_/

V

i

STM-1

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Page 13

SOH Basics

I SOH Transmission rates & payload I

Value

Name

Virtual

Transport

E1fT1

Bit rate

PDH

SDH

PDH Pa I

STM-1


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Page 14

Conte~ds

---.------------------

Chapter 1 SOH Basics 1.1 SOH Overview 1.2 SOH Frame

1.3 SOH Pointers & Overheads


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Page 15

SOH Basics

I SOH Overheads & Pointers I

Overhead

Section Overhead (SOH)

Pa Overl (PC

Regenerator Section Overhead

Multiplex Section Overhead

High Order Path Overhead


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Page 16

8 9

• Media dependent use (Radio-link, Satellite) X Reserved for National use

• Huawei propriety bytes

SOH Basics


1

2

3

4

6

7

8

5

1 6 2

tn

a=: 3

4 5

J: 6

@ 7 ::t:

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 JO X
81 • • E1 • F1 X
01 • • 02 • 03 •
AU-PTR
82 82 82 K1 K2
04 • 05 06
07 08 09
010 011 012
81 M1 E2 V5 J2 N:

LO-POH: VC-ll/

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Page 17


SOH Basics


Pointers

AU-PTR -7 VC-4 ..

TU-PTR -7 VC-3 ..

-7 VC-12 ..

Ad min istrative Unit Pointer (AU-PTR)

Ur

r-------------------------------,

Bytes indicated


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Page 18

Contents

Chapter 1 SOH Basics Chapter 2 NG-SOH Basics 2.1 NG·SDH Introduction

2.2 NG·SDH Enabling Technologies

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Page 19


NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Introduction I

Traditional SDH Overhe:
SNC

Frame Mapping GF
HDL
NG-SDH

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation cc.
L

New Features RP
A GFP Generic Frame Procedure (T: Transparent, F: Framed) LCAS Link Capac
HOLC High-Level Oata Link Control RPR Resilient Pi
LAPS Link Access Procedure - SOH I Link Access protocol - SOH IMA Inverse Mul
Cat Concatenation (C: Contiguous, V: Virtual) ASON Automatic ~ HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 20

NG-SDH Basics

~
808
N
Services 8888 G G
• • • • • • • • • • MS

I IP I
TP 1 1 1 I OVB I

I POH I I MPLS I VLAN I

I ATM I I •

FE/GE
I HOLC/LAPS I
1
... £
I GFP-F GFP-T I
IF
I Contiguous Concatenation I [
NG-SDH
•
J WDM I
.... HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 21

PDH ETH ATM VPN SAN DVB

NG-SDH Basics


NG-SDH

______ M~epi.!:!.g.l.n £r~m~s _

____ yi~c& <2..oQ!alDEl!" lra.Ds.Eo.r_t _

_____ ~~~~M~~~~L _

~ .... ' ..... S,ekti

GFP

LCAS

Existing SDH

~Clients * __ N_G_-S_D_H _


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NG-SDH

Page 22

NG-SDH Basics

NG-SDH offers:

• Efficient Bandwidth Utilization

• Flexible Protection Schemes

• Low Cost in-service upgrades

• Network topologies optimized for services


Objectives:

• Support any type of traffic (Including both existing legacy SDH services)

• Fully use existing SDH functions including ../ Resiliency

../ Reliability

../ Rerouting

../ Scalability

../ Centralized Management

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Page 23

Conte~ds

-.----------

Chapter 2 NG-SDH Basics 2.1 NG·SDH Introduction

2.2 NG·SDH Enabling Technologies 2.2.1 GFP

2.2.2 Concatenation 2.2.3 LCAS

2.2.4 RPR

2.2.SIMA

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CZ2.61QON

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Page 24

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I

Client

FICON ESCON FC

Ethernet

LAPS


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Page 25

G.7041 Generic Frame Procedure defines

• Client encapsulation - for transport over SDH or OTN networks

• Frame formats - for various clients

• Mapping Procedures - for client signals into GFP

Why do we need a new framing proce

• Simple and scalable traffic adaptat transport rates

• Flexible approach for data transmi: requires rigorous delay, OoS

NG-SDH Basics


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Page 26

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies

I

Core Header contains the length of the payload area

o and start of frame info

o and CRC-16 error detection & correction o Length 4 byte

Core Headen

Payload
Headers
Client
Payload
Information
Optional
Payload FCS Payload I type of cl! client spec procedure o lnclude: correction o Length

GFP Payload Area transports higher layer specific information

o Length 4 to 65535 byte

Client Pa contains Oclient frc Oclient ch

Optional protects tl

I ~I informatio

GFP gets scrambled before transmission! ~tIII --a::----::-b---=-it-------.! 0 CRC-32


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Page 27

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I GFP Operation Modes

GFP-F (Framed Mapped):

¢ For packet oriented clients, e.g. Ethernet ¢ One Client Packet = packed in one GFP f (1:1)

¢ Minimal overhead

GFP-T (Transparent Mapped):

¢ Client characters are directly mapped in frames e.g. Fiber Channel

¢ Fixed length GFP frames

¢ Minimal Latency

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Page 28


• Used for connections where efficiency and flexibility are key

• 1:1 relation between service frame/paket and GFP frame

• Buffering necessary, this increases latency

• Preferred option for GE and IP GFP-F

• Good for statistical multiplex services

• For applications that are sensitivr unknown physical layers

• All code words from physical laye transported

• Primarily targeted at SANs

NG-SDH Basics


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Page 29

NG-SDH Basics


I

Reliable

Easy & stable algorithm Header Correction

mpatible

works with any higher layer service and lower

layer network

Generic Frame Procedure (GFP)

New Opportunities Technological & Economical

Expandable

With no need for new transport ipment


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Page 30

Conte~ds

-.----------




2.2.4 RPR

2.2.SIMA

2.2.6 ASON


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Page 31

NG-SDH Basics


VC Nomenclature

Virtual Container n n = 4, 3, 12, 11

Number of virtually concatenated containers

Ind ~ Cone

Defines the type of virtual containers, which will be virtually concatenated.

All X V· l Contai c: contic

irtua ontalners v: virtue

form together the "Virtual' C

Concatenated Group"

(VCG)

"r~rtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n cont


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Page 32

NG-SDH Basics


STM-16

Contiguous Concatenation VC-4-4c

Contiguous Co

RSOH A VC-4-1 J [ VC-4-2 J~

VC-4-5 J[ VC-4-6 ] [ VC-4
AU-PTR
STM-16

[ VC-4-9 J[ VC-4-10 ] [ VC-4-
MSOH
[ ] [ VC-4-14 ] [ VC-4-
VC-4-13
'he block has to start at defined positions in 'he block consists of consecutive VC-4-ns -here is only one pointer

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Page 33


NG-SDH Basics


Virtual Concatenation VC-4-7v

RSOH

Virtual Cor

STM-16

AU·PTR

VC-4-

MSOH

VC-4-13

VC-4-

(The blocks can start at any position in the I (The block consists of distributed VC-ns (Each container has it's own pointer


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Page 34

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies SOH - Virtual Concatenation I

I

Data

STM-1

= 63 X VC-12

Ethernet 10 Mbi
ATM 25 Mbi
Fast Ethernet 100 Mb
ESCON 200 Mb
Fibre Channel 400 Mb
800 Mb
Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbi1
10Gb Ethernet 10 Gbi Example:

100M Ethernet

2 x 10M Ethernet


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Page 35

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I Where are the VC

bytes?

High Order VC

• Information in H4 Byte

• 16 frame Multi-Frame

V5 VC-2 / VC-ll/VC-12
Jt .. out of
Ni :-2-Xv / VC-ll-Xv /VC-12-X v
K4 Low Order VC

Jl
B3 vc-
C2 c
VC-3-~
Gl
F2
H4
}'3
K3
Nl Carried in one bit in K4-Byte 32 frame Multi-Frame


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Page 36

NG-SDH Basics


I

Economical

Re-use core network Equipment Invest only at the edge

Concatenation

Low Investment Deployment only on customer demand

Fast ROI


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Efficient & Sca Fine granul~ multi-path cap

Well-kr

SDHi

enginee reliable & tr

Page 37

Conte~ds

-.----------




2.2.4 RPR

2.2.SIMA

2.2.6 ASON


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Page 38

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I Link Capacity

Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

r /

, ~

~~W ~

---._ ~_~~ X~,~n <;

-50 Mb/s EPL Traffic (VC-3-1\t ~-.- --~~~~9~"

.~ r;:~' c..J r-

~ Customer requires 100Mb/s - ~~-, ~r7lr:on'g-

.;,::. ~.. . - ~

2nd path creation

~ Manual creation from NMS

~ 100Mb/s (VC-3-2v) ~ Traffic interrupted

when 100M service is HUAw"lr~NOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 39

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I Link Capacity

Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

./ Install VC & LCAS supporting equipment

./ Provision additional 50 Mb/s on existing 50M path

./ LCAS Protocol runs between equipment at source & sink

./ Additional path is added and gets into

HlSerfllit:IlEHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

~ LCAS adds ban hitless

7 100Mb/s is in s

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NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I Where are the LCAS

bytes?

High Order LCAS

• LCAS info aligned with VC info

• Information also in H4 Byte

• 16 frame Multi-Frame

V5
J2 VC-2 / VC-llNC-12
out of •
NY ~-2-Xv / VC-ll-Xv /VC-12-lC ~
•
K4 • Jl
B3 V(
C2 VC-3-
Gl
F2
H4
~'j
K3
Nl Low Order LCAS LCAS info aligned with VC info Carried in one bit in K4-Byte 32 frame Multi-Frame


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Page 41

NG-SDH Basics


Enables Value added services

Bandwidth on demand "Soft" Protection

Flexible & scalable Offers variable VC bandwidth in real-time!


I

( New NE necessary on Transparent to

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

Res Virtual Cone link protection 8

Page 42

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Conte~ds

-.----------




2.2.4 RPR

2.2.SIMA

2.2.6 ASON


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Page 43

NG-SDH Basics


Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)

o Resilient: The service transmission could be adj to the network's capacity

o Packet: The basic transmission unit is data pal frame

DRing: RPR requires the ring topology


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Page 44

NG-SDH Basics


-..... Outer ring data

-...... Inner ring data

••••••• ~ Outer ring control

••••••• ~ Inner ring control

Outer Ring (ringlet 0)

• RPR supports up to 255 NE B

station attachments

• RPR is optimized for rings with a maximum circumference of 2000 km.


I

NEA

ResiUent Packet R lru (ri

NE C

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Page 45

NG-SDH Basics


Protection Method Switching time Bandwidth utilization
Wrap Shortest Low
Steering Short High
Wrap then Steering Shortest High D Wrap then Steering has the advantages of the first two metr time is the same with Wrap, the bandwidth utilization ratio is

D All of the protection methods can support revertive and non


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Page 46

Conte~ds

-.----------




2.2.4 RPR

2.2.SIMA

2.2.6 ASON


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Page 47

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I Inverse

Multiplexing over

ATM (IMA)

Other ATM Equipment

3XE1 = 6Mbitls ATM UNI


NG Equipment


Physical Level


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Page 48

NG-SDH Basics


UNI with 6Mbitl-~Virtual Link

Other ATM Equipment

NG Equipment 2XEl = 2Mbit/s ATM UNI

Logical Level

UNI with 6Mbit/s Virtual Link


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./ IMA en view of pe ../ A slnq! is associa link at bot connectio ../ Any co performec NNls) can associate.

~~ngke 49

Conte~ds

-.----------




2.2.4 RPR

2.2.SIMA

2.2.6 ASON


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Page 50

NG-SDH Basics


Automatic Switching Optical Network (ASON)

,(Expansibility of network ,(Flexible service grooming '(Reduction of operation cost ,(Real-time network management

,(Rapid service supply ,(Bursting data service <Increasable service supply


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Page 51

NG-SDH Basics


Transport Plan

CSPF Switch

~SWitc ASON Logical Structure

NI

CCI

Switch---

Nr -


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Page 52

NG-SDH Basics


Distributed ASON Centralizel

ASON Software ~~~

ASON Software

ASON Software

B ~1iJ.----

ASON Netw~


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Page 53

NG-SDH Basics

I NG-SDH Enabling Technologies I T1

1000km

200km

700km

400km

800km

I I I

I

I

-- --

--

200km

200km

T2

B

---- 100km

T3

G ../ Every node can search the neighbor NE automatically

../ Every NE can build the topology by itself


Page 54

NG-SDH Basics


1 I,

--------------~, ,f~

NodelD4 ::2"_ .. ~---~ NodelDS-

, ....

ew .....

ewe

... -- - - - - - -e---r-- .... ""

~:-s: __ .. ~_! NodelD1

.... .:-~.. ewe

~/

N odel D 5--- ... ,

\

N0_~~!E2 ew;='

C~--- e::; -;~~~;;;~~crii?fi1Ei ••

---------jOO

Topology and l~odelD3

Resource Automatic ::;: \-r~~:

,-------------;

ItrJ?t~~"~'f1D4-D12 or out-band DeN

Hello m NodelC

----

cs: I~

LSAm I


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Page 55

NG-SDH Basics


'(Select Source & Destination ,( Confirm bandwidth/class/restriction about service

,( Set up the connection for service


R3

Page 56

NG-SDH Basics


Service Level Agreement (SLA)

+Oiamond Level

+Gold Level

+Sliver Level

+Copper Level

+Iron Level


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Page 57

Questions

• What are the short-comings of traditional SDH?

• What are the benefits of NG-SDH?


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Page 58

Summary

• In this session, a comparison between Legacy SDH and NG-SDH has been made.

• NG-SDH has all the requirements to satisfy the needs of today's new

.

services.

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Page 59


NG SDH

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Object~ves

Upon completion of this course, you

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NG SDH

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﻿Object~ves

Upon completion of this course, you

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Object~ves