POSTER PAPER

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009

STATIC ANALYSIS OF BI-POLAR FEMUR BONE

IMPLANT USING FEA
H.G.Hanumantharaju1, Dr.H.K.Shivanand1
1
UVCE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore, India
Email: hanumantharaju_uvce@yahoo.co.in, hghuvce@gmail.com
Email: shivanand.uvce@gmail.com

Abstract—Femur is leg bone of the human body
undergoing more deformation. Being longest and
heaviest in size, failure of femur neck is the most
common among bone failures in human especially in
woman. Orthopedic implantation is done in case of
failure. Before implantation it is necessary to analyze
the perfectness in case of its material property, size and
shape, surface treatment, load resistance and chances of
failure.
Analysis is done for the stresses formed in femur
implant of Ti-6Al-4V material under static loading
condition using ANSYS software. Since each femur
carries 1/2 the body weight , analysis is done for 25kg,
50kg, 100kg, 200kg loads, including the cases of patient
carrying certain weight. From analysis it is found that
the loads have no effect on failure of implant, since the
values of stresses and deformation are very low. Thus
failure of implant is maximum by wearing, corrosion
and all due to improper material selection of implant.
And based on the analysis it can be concluded that,
since Ti-6Al-4V is a low density material (4520kg/m3)
for implantation, it makes the patient feel free to move
his leg. Analysis is done for the stresses formed in
femur implant of Ti-6Al-4V material under static
loading using FEA techniques. Since each femur
carries half of the body weight, we have taken the
extreme weights, that is, the least possible weight and
the heaviest possible weight. From analysis it is found
that the loads have no effect on failure of implant since
the values of stresses and deformation are very
negligible.
Since TI-6AL4V is a low density material, which has
excellent bio compatible and mechanical properties, it is
ideal for the use of an implant in surgeries.
Finally the success of implantation depends on
implant material and size, implantation method and its
handling by the patient.
Index Terms: Femur bone, orthopedic
SCOPE OF THE WORK
The purpose of this work is to investigate the
alternative materials for human Orthopaedic Implants
which is Bio-Compatible. These implants are expected
to be Bio-Compatible & they should not cause
inflammation or rejection. An improved understanding
of the mechanical parameters on different alternative
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materials used for implants and comparing obtained
results with existing medical reports. Best alternate
material for human Orthopaedic implants will be
suggested.
INTRODUCTION
The Femur- the longest and strongest bone in the
skeleton is almost perfectly cylindrical in the greater part
of its extent. In the erect posture it is not vertical, being
separated above from its fellow by a considerable
interval, which corresponds to the breadth of the pelvis,
but inclining gradually downward and medial ward, so as
to approach its fellow toward its lower part, for the
purpose of bringing the knee-joint near the line of gravity
of the body. The degree of this inclination varies in
different persons, and is greater in the female than in the
male, on account of the greater breadth of the pelvis. The
femur, like other long bones, is divisible into a body and
two extremities.
The Upper Extremity (proximal extremity)-The upper
extremity presents for examination a head, a neck, a
greater and a lesser trochanter
The Head (caput femoris)- The head which is globular
and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed
upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part
of its convexity being above and in front. Its surface is
smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except
over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris,
which is situated below and behind the center of the head,
and gives attachment to the ligamentum teres.
IMPLANTS
Definition: - An object made from non living material
that is deliberately inserted by a surgeon into the human

© 2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

POSTER PAPER
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009

body where it is intended to remain for a significant PROPERTIE OF Ti-6Al-4V

period of time in order to perform a specific function. Mechanical And Physical Properties
Despite great number of metals and alloys known to Young’s
Poisson’s
Tensile Compressive Material Density (kg/m3 ) modulus
Thermal ratio‘γ’
Material strength strength ‘E’ (GPa)
expansion
(MPa) (MPa)
Ti6Al4V 4520 113.8 0.342
Ti6Al4V 8*10-6/K 993 1086

man, remarkably few warrant

Preliminary consideration for use as implant materials. Compatibility Requriments And Essential Properties
The relatively corrosive environment combined with the Comparison
poor tolerance of the body to even minute concentrations
of most metallic corrosion products eliminates from Property Ti-6Al-4V
discussion most metallic materials. Of the possible Corrosion Excellent corrosion resistance.
metallic candidates, tantalum and the noble metals do not Resistance It does not react with blood.
have suitable mechanical properties for the construction Thermal Expansion Highly thermally stable
of most orthopedic tools and implants, while zirconium is Electrical Stability Resistivity is 0.178*10-8 ohm/m
in general too expensive Today, titanium, cobalt chrome,
zirconium and stainless steel 316 are the most frequently
used biomaterials for internal fixation devices because of
a favorable combination of mechanical properties
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FEMUR
corrosion resistance and cost effectiveness when
BONE IMPLANT
compared to other metallic implant materials.
The biocompatibility of implant quality stainless steel
Femur bone is the longest bone in human body
has been proven by successful human implantation for
subjected to maximum compressive stresses and hence
decades. Composition, microstructure and tensile
deformation. It’s important to find out the stress
properties of titanium, cobalt chrome, zirconium and
concentrations and deformation zones of implant of
stainless steel 316 used for internal fixation is
femur bone. So FEA using ANSYS is the best method for
standardized in IS and ASTM material specifications.
analysis of stresses and deformations.
Metallurgical requirements are stringent to ensure
Procedure
sufficient corrosion resistance, nonmagnetic response,
-To prepare solid model of femur implant using
and satisfactory mechanical properties. Torsional
Solidworks.
properties of stainless steel screws are different from
-Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS.
titanium screws. Stainless steel bone screws are easier to
-Results.
handle because the surgeon can feel the onset of plastic
deformation and this provides adequate pre-warning to
Solidworks model of the implant
avoid over-torquing the screw.
New nickel-free stainless steels have been recently
Solidworks is one among the latest modeling software.
developed primarily to address the issue of nickel
By this we can create any type of complicated 3D solid
sensitivity. These stainless steels also have superior
models with good quality. With all available dimensions
mechanical properties and better corrosion resistance.
of the implant the 2D model is drawn in sketcher. Than
The Ni-free compositions appear to possess an
3D models created in part body using all the required 3D
extraordinary combination of attributes for potential
options of solidworks. The same is shown below
implant applications in the future.

FEMUR BONE IMPLANT

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POSTER PAPER
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009

Solidworks model figure 1)DISPLACEMENT

2)VON-MISES STRESS

RESULTS OF ANALYSIS

BOUNDARY CONDITION

3) MAXIMUM SHEAR

ELEMENT PLOT

Maximum VonMises
Patient Displace
Load shear Stress
Weight ment
(N) (N/mm2) (N/mm2 )
(kg) (mm) (Max)
(Max) (Max)
25 250 1.584 5.202*10-12 9.440*10-12

50 500 3.168 1.040*10-11 1.888*10-11

100 1000 6.336 2.081*10-11 3.776*10-11

200 2000 12.671 4.162*10-11 4.162*10-11

FOR THE LOAD-500N

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© 2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

POSTER PAPER
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 5, May 2009

RESULTS SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

¾ The results we have obtained are amazingly

satisfactory due to high strength of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
¾ The maximum values of stresses which range from
5.202x10-12 to 4.162x10-11 are negligible.
¾ The displacement of the femur cup inside the bone
socket is acceptable and well within the limits.
¾ Ti-6Al-4V alloy being extremely light with less
density does not have any adverse effect on the
patient I his movements i.e,while lifting the leg,etc..
¾ Ti-6Al-4V has excellent Bio-compatible properties
along woth physical properties which makes it an
ideal implant material for surgeries.
¾ The implant head is bi-polar i.e,double cup shaped as
compared to earlier implant which was sinlge
headed

REFERENCES

[1] Hand Book Of Osteology…..By J. Poddar, Ajay Bhagat

[2] Arthoplasty Of The Hip…….By Chamley.J
[3] Biomaterials …….By Williams, Nevolus Tipper
[4] Orthopedic Knowledge Update….By Baumgaertner
[5] Manufacturing Process……..By A.C.Niranjan
[6] Finite Element Engineering….By handrapatla,zBelagondlu

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