Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
guidelines
158
Belt installation
Drive installation Idlers
When installing belts on pulleys, before tensioning the drive, Idlers are often a means to apply tension to the drive when the
check that the belt teeth and pulley grooves correctly match. centre distance is fixed but also to increase the number of teeth
in mesh of the small pulley. A toothed idler on the inside of the
Breaking load belt on the slack side is recommended with respect to a back
Belt breaking load is highly dependent on several factors inclu- side idler. Drives with inside flat idlers are not recommended as
ding pulley alignment, clamping system and others. The data noise and abnormal belt wear may occur.
given in the catalogue are average values tested in our labora-
tory. It is recommended to use adequate safety factors and ask • Idler location is on the slack side span of the belt drive
the ELATECH® technical department for minimum guaranteed • Diameter for inside toothed idler must be ≥ of the diameter of
breaking load in applications where it is needed. the small pulley in the drive
• Idler must be mounted on a rigid support
Belt drive tension • Idlers both flat and toothed, should be uncrowned with a
Correct belt drive tension and alignment are very important to minimum arc of contact.
optimize belt life and minimize noise level. In fact, improper • Idler should be positioned respecting: 2 • (dwk + dwg)< A
tension in the belt drive will affect belt fit in the pulley grooves • Idler width should be ≥ of pulley width B
while correct tension minimizes belt pulley interference reducing
the noise in the drive. Backside idlers, however, increase the teeth in mesh on both
pulleys in the drive and force a counter flexure of the belt and
Drive Alignment thus contribution to premature belt failure. When such an idler
Pulley misalignment will result in an unequal tension, edge wear is necessary, it should be at least 1,25 times the diameter of the
and reduction of belt life. Also, misaligned drives are much small pulley in the drive and it must be located as close as pos-
noisier than correctly aligned drives due to the amount of inter- sible to the small pulley in the drive in order to maximise the
ference that is created between the belt teeth and the pulley number of teeth in mesh of the small pulley.
grooves.
Proper pulley alignement should be checked with a straight edge
or by using a laser alignment tool.
Proper storage is important in order avoid damaging the belts Do not crimp belts while handling or when stored to avoid
which may cause premature belt failure. Do not store belts on the damage to tensile cords. Belts must not be hung on small pins to
floor unless in a protective container to avoid damages which avoid bending to a small diameter. Handle belts with care while
may be accidentally caused by people or machine traffic. moving and installing. On installation, never force the belt over
Belts should be stored in order to prevent direct sunlight and in a the pulley flange.
dry and cool environment without presence of chemicals in the
atmosphere.
Avoid belt storage near windows (to avoid sunlight and moisture),
near electric motors or devices which generate ozone, near
direct airflow of heating/cooling systems.
Drive Calculation
159
ELADRIVE
online calculation software for quick and reliable drive calculation
Always up to date
ELADRIVE online version is always up to date.
RELIABLE SOLUTIONS!
IMPROVE EFFICIENCY!
160
LINEAR drives calculation
v, a
FTzul, FTv
mc Fw L2”
L1
v,a
da
L2 L1 sges
,n
,M
mc dw
Fu
FW FTzul, FTv Fw
d
du
,n
,M
L2 = L2’+L2” L2’
Fu
A
A
Sges
n v
ab av
S
s ab sc s av t
t ab tc t av
s ges
Drive Calculation
t ges
161
Definitions and abbreviations
av [m/s ] 2
Deceleration ρ [kg/dm ] 3
Specific weight
Cspez [N] Specific spring rate mSred [kg] Pulley reduced mass
Aeff [mm] Effective centre distance mUred [kg] Idler reduced mass
FTmax [N] Maximum span force sab [mm] Travel during acceleration
FR [N] Resisting force of friction sav [mm] Travel during deceleration / braking
FUspez [N/cm] Specific tooth shear strength sc [mm] Travel at constant speed
g [m/s2] Acceleration due to gravity (= 9,81 m/s2) zk - No. of teeth of small pulley
L1,L2 [mm] Length of tight and slack side ze - No. of teeth in mesh
162
Calculation formula
Torque Power
FU ⋅ d W P ⋅ 9550 M⋅n F ⋅v
M= = P= = U
2000 n 9550 1000
t ges = t ab + t c + t av s ges = s ab + s c + s av
sc
tc = s c = v ⋅ t c ⋅ 1000
v ⋅ 1000
Safety factor
Steady load c1 = 1
Light c1 = 1,4
Medium c1 = 1,7
Heavy c1 = 2,0
163
Calculation
Linear drives are correctly dimensioned when the total periphe- Determine the belt width
ral force, necessary for the requested work, satisfies the 3 tech-
nical parameters of the selected belt: FU ⋅ C1
b=
FUspez ⋅ z e
- tooth shear strength
- allowable tensile load with FUspez depending on the rpm of the small pulley (see tech-
- flexibility nical data on tooth shear strength for the selected belt type).
The necessary data for the calculation are: the mass to be Note: zemax = 12 for belts ELATECH® M
moved, the transmission cycle, the drive layout with the related zemax = 6 for belts ELATECH® V
forces, the resisting force of friction.
Friction force is generally determined by the linear bearing
manufacturer.
In case of conveying applications, it is resulting from the weight
of the conveyed goods and the coefficient of friction between sli- Determine installation pretension FTV
der bed and belt surface. In case of accumulating conveyors the
friction between the conveyed goods and the backside of the belt Linear motion drives are correctly tensioned when in the slack
must be considered additionally. side a minimum tension is guaranteed in all working conditions
and for every value of FTmax (acceleration, deceleration).
Select belts and pulleys It is recommended a pretension of:
For initial belt profile and pitch selection, use the graphs
available in the related catalogue section. FTV ≥ FU for linear drives with ELATECH® M belts
For the choice of the pulleys it is recommended to use pulleys FTV ≥ 0,5 • FU for conveying applications with ELATECH® V belts
with the largest possible diameter.
That will reduce the belt width and optimise drive performances.
m = mc + mR + mSred + mUred The maximum load on the belt will appear when both the preten-
sion FTv and the working load FU will act at the same time:
With:
FTmax = FTV + FU
m ⎛ d2 ⎞
m Sred = S ⋅ ⎜⎜1 + 2 ⎟⎟ ; inertia of the idler timing pulley
2 ⎝ da ⎠ The maximum allowable tensile load of the belt Ftzul (see tech-
nical tables of corresponding selected belt) must be greater than
the maximum working load:
mU ⎛ d2 ⎞
mUred = ⋅ ⎜1 + 2 ⎟ ; inertia of the idler tensioning pulley
2 ⎝ du ⎠ FTzul > FTmax
FU ⋅ dw
M=
2000
164
Calculate shaft load
The shaft load under static conditions is: Being FU the resulting force on the slide, the positioning deviation
generated by belt elongation is:
FWsta = 2 • FTV
FU
The shaft load under dynamic conditions is: ΔS =
C
FWdyn = 2 • FTV + FU The positioning accuracy is also depending on other parameters
and therefore for an accurate calculation, please consult our
technical department. When positioning is reached from both
directions the actual position is affected by an error caused by
Calculate necessary static elongation backlash between belt and pulley. The use of zero backlash pul-
Installation tension generates a belt elongation “Δl” between leys helps reduce the positioning error.
the shafts (for linear drives) or the clamping plates (for
"Omega" drives). Installation and drive pretensioning:
LR
C= ⋅ Cspez L R = L1 + L 2
L1 ⋅ L 2
4 ⋅ Cspez
Cmin =
LR
165
Selection graphs mass / acceleration
LINEAR drives
The selection graphs mass/acceleration, are a useful aid to the designer for the initial selection of the belt type and width in the
linear motion applications. The graphs have been designed considering the maximum speed (rpm) generally used in the applications
for every belt profile and pitch and have included a safety factor increasing with the acceleration.
Therefore, depending on the specific values of the application, it might be necessary to change the belt width upon calculation.
T2,5
100
a (m/sec2 )
50
10
20
10
6
4
1
1,0 10,0 100,0 1000,0
m (kg)
T5
T5
100
a (m/sec2 )
10
0
75
10 50
32
25
16
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
166
T10
T10
100
a (m/sec2 )
10
0
-2
75 00
50
32
25
10 16
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
T20
100
a (m/sec2 )
15 0
0
10
75
10
50
32
25
1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
m (kg)
Drive Calculation
167
AT3
a (m/sec2 )
100
25
2
16 0
10 12
10
8
1
1 10 100 1000
m [kg]
AT5 - ATL5
a (m/sec2 )
100
10
0
75
50
32
10
25
16
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m [kg]
AT10 - ATL10
a (m/sec2 )
100
10
0
75
50
32
10 25
16
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m [kg]
AT20 - ATL20
a (m/sec2 )
100
15 0
0
10
10
75
50
32
25
1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
m (kg)
168
XL
100
a (m/sec2)
20
0
15
0
10
10 75
0
5
3 0
31 7
25
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
L
100
a (m/sec2)
40
0
30
0
20
0
10 15
0
10
0
75
50
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
H
100
a (m/sec2)
40
0
-8
30 00
0
20
15 0
0
10 10
0
07
5
05
0
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
XH
100
a (m/sec2)
Drive Calculation
60
40 0
0
30
0
20
0
10
0
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg) 169
HTD3M
100
a (m/sec2 )
10
0
50
10
25
15
10
1
1 10 100 1000
m (kg)
HTD 5
HTD5M
100
a (m/sec2 )
10
0
50
10 25
15
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
HTD 8
HTD8M
100
a (m/sec2 )
10
0
85
50
30
20
10 15
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
HTD14M
100
a (m/sec2 )
10 5
0
8
55
40
25
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
m (kg)
170
RTD5M
RTD5M
100
a (m/sec2)
10
0
50
10
25
15
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
RTD8M
RTD8M
100
a (m/sec2)
10
0
85
50
30
10 20
15
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
RTD14M
RTD14M
100
a (m/sec2)
10 5
0
8
10
55
40
25
Drive Calculation
1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
m (kg)
171
STD5M
STD5M
100
a (m/sec2)
10
0
50
10 25
15
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
STD8M
STD8M
100
a (m/sec2)
10
0
85
50
30
20
10 15
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
STD14M
STD14M
100
a (m/sec2)
10 5
10
0
8
55
40
25
1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
m (kg)
172
EAGLE
EAGLE 5M 5M
100
a (m/sec2)
25
10 12
,5
1
1 10 100 1000
m (kg)
EAGLE
EAGLE 8M8M
100
a (m/sec2)
50
32
25
16
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
EAGLE 10M
EAGLE 10M
100
a (m/sec2)
10
0
75
50
32
25
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000
m (kg)
EAGLE 14M
EAGLE 14M
100
(m/sec2)
a
10
5
70
Drive Calculation
52
35
10
1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
m (kg)
173
Selection graphs corrected peripheral force / belt width
LINEAR drives
The selection graphs corrected peripheral force / belt width provide a quick indication on the belt width needed for each belt
profile when a specific corrected load is applied. The graphs have been designed considering the maximum speed (rpm) generally
used in the applications for every belt profile and pitch. No safety factor is included as safety factor usually depends on accele-
ration. Therefore, depending on the specific values of the application, it might be necessary to change the belt width upon cal-
culation.
T profile AT profile
150
b (mm)
150
b (mm)
T2,5 AT3
T5 AT5
125 T10 125 AT10
T20 AT20
100 100
75 75
50 50
25 25
0 0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
k .Fu
Ft(N)
(N) Fu (N)
Inches Profile
6
b (inches)
XL
L
5 H
XH
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Fu
Fu(N)
(N)
174
HTD profile RTD profile
100
b (mm)
100
b (mm)
HTD 3 RTD5
HTD 5 RTD8
HTD 8 RTD14
75 HTD 14 75
50 50
25
25
0
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Fu (N)
Fu (N)
k .Fu
Ft (N)
(N)
100 E AG L E 5M
b (mm)
STD5 100
E AG L E 8M
STD8
E AG L E 10 M
STD14 E AG L E 14M
75 75
50 50
25 25
0 0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Fu
Fu(N)
(N) Fu (N)
Fu (N)
Drive Calculation
175
Power transmission drives ELA-flex SD™ and iSync™
t
α
d2
β d1 α
dw da da
Zk
ZB, LR dw Zg
Definitions
Calculation formula
M⋅n 19100 ⋅ P ⋅ 10 3 FU ⋅ d W
P=
9550
Fu =
n ⋅ dw
M=
2000
( )
J = 98,2 ⋅ 10 −15 ⋅ B ⋅ ρ ⋅ da4 − d4
Fu ⋅ d w ⋅ n 2000 ⋅ M 9550 ⋅ P
P= Fu = M=
19100 ⋅ 10 3 dw n
176
Safety factors Calculate teeth in mesh
Belt selection is made according to a constant working load. For β
ze = ⋅ zk
start up torque and in case of peak loads and vibrations a safety 360
factor c1 must be considered.
with β [°] = wrap angle
Transmission with steady load c1 = 1,0
(
⎡ t ⋅ z g − zk ⎤
β = 2 ⋅ arccos ⋅ ⎢
)
⎥
Transmission with peak or fluctuating loads: ⎣ 2⋅ π ⋅ A ⎦
Light c1 = 1,4
Determine belt width
Medium c1 = 1,7
Heavy c1 = 2,0
P ⋅ 1000 ⋅ c 0 100 ⋅ M ⋅ c 0
b= b=
For speed up driver factor c2 must be considered: zk ⋅ z e ⋅ Pspez z k⋅ z e ⋅ M spez
t
( )
L R ≈ ⋅ z g + z k + 2A + ⋅⎢
(
1 ⎡ z g − zk ⋅ t ⎤ ) 2
More than 2 shafts drive
⎥
2 4A ⎣ π ⎦
Drive Calculation
FTV > FU
and more precisely:
LR = 2 ⋅ A + π ⋅ d w = 2 ⋅ A + z ⋅ t
177
Selection graphs
ELA-flex SD™
The selection graphs allows the customer to select the most suitable timing belt pitch for each belt profile and for the power to be
transmitted. The rpm on the horizontal axis refers to the small pulley. The corrected power (safety factor x nominal power) is read on
the vertical axis.
200 200
P . k [Kw]
P . k [Kw]
100 100
0
T20 AT2
10 10
0
T10 AT1
T5 AT5
1 1
00 00
100 1000 5000 100 1000 5000
n [min-1] n [min-1]
200
200
P . k[Kw]
P . k [Kw]
100
100
14
HTD
XH
8
HTD
10
10
H
L 5
HTD
1
1
XL
00
00
100 1000 5000
100 1000 5000
n [min-1]
n [min-1]
178
The selection graphs allows the customer to select the most suitable timing belt pitch for each belt profile and for the power to be
transmitted. The rpm on the horizontal axis refers to the small pulley. The corrected power (safety factor x nominal power) is read on
the vertical axis.
1000 1000
200 200
P . k[Kw]
P . k[Kw]
100
14
100
1 4
STD RTD
8
10
STD 10
RTD
8
5 5
1 STD 1 RTD
00 00
100 1000 5000 5000
100 1000
n [min-1] n [min-1]
1000
1000
200
P . k[Kw]
100
4M
LE 1
EAG
0M
LE 1
EAG
M
10 LE 8
EAG
00
100 1000 5000
Drive Calculation
n [min-1]
179
Selection graphs
iSync™ high performance timing belts
1000
AT 1 0
T10
AT 5
T5
200
P . k [Kw]
T 2 ,5
100
10
00
100 1000 5000 10000
n [min-1]
180