Name: Chandler M.

Manlongat Section: B-12

Philosophies of Self Assignment

Compare the different Philosophies of self

Philosopher Philosophy Description (how do they view self?)

Socrates Socratic  Socrates believed that the real self is not the physical
Philosophy body, but rather the psyche(soul). He suggested that the
appearance of the body is inferior to its function.

Plato Idealism  Truth can be distinguished in to two forms: the

metaphysical realm(mind) and the physical
world(body). Plato suggested that the self is
fundamentally an intellectual entity whose nature exist
independent from the physical world.

Aristotle Aristotelian  Aristotle derived views of the self from physical and
Philosophy scientific underpinning wherein he called the ideal as
essence and phenomena as matter. That matter has no
form and essence has no mass. Thus, they need each
other.

St. Neoplatonism  St Augustine view self in a religious philosophy that all

Augustine knowledge leads to God.

Descartes Mind-body  He explains self in a standpoint of “ideal” and “true” not

Dualism rooted on what is felt from the senses of the body. That
mind and soul can exist without the body.

Locke Theory of  He considered self to be founded on consciousness not

Personal Identity in the body and soul. That soul may change but
consciousness will remain.

Hume Skeptical  Hume’s skeptical claim is that we have no experience of

Philosophy a simple, individual impression that we can call the self.
That there is no self only a bundle of perceptions.
Kant Metaphysics of  Kant suggest that there is an inner and outer self. Inner
the Self self includes rational reasoning and physiological state
while outer self includes the body and physical mind,
where representation occurs.

Ryle The Concept of  Ryle believed that mind is parallel to physical body
Mind wherein is not the center of self. That mind is a category
mistake, brought by habitual use. The only way it can
affect other is through external world.

Churchland Neurophilosophy  Churchland incorporated self biologically and

knowledge in neuroscience that the brain gives a sense of
self.

Merleau- Phenomenology  Merleau-Ponty defined self into two distinction: the

of Perception empiricism and rationalism. That our bodily experiences
Ponty
do not detached the subject/object, mind/body,
rational/irrational.