CHARACTER APODA URODELA ANURA

Other Name Gymnophiana Caudata Salientia / Batrachia

Common Names Caeciclians / blind worms Salamanders & newts Frogs & toads
Habitat Terrestrial / fossorial moist sand burrows Amphibious Amphibious
Body Shape Slender, snake like Long, narrow, lizard like Short, broad
Body Division Head, trunk Head, trunk, tail Head, trunk
Scales Minute cycloid, embedded in skin Absent Absent
Limbs, Limb Girdles Absent Weak, 4 Pentadactyl, Equal In Size
Hind Limbs Large To Leap, Jump,
Swim
Skin Numerous grooves present Smooth, moist, glandular Smooth.
Skull Compact, roofed by bone Compact
Vetrebrae Amphicoelous Amphicoelous, Opisthocoelous In Less In Number, Procoelus
Salamanders
Sternum Absent Poorly Developed Present
Teeth On both jaws On both jaws On upper jaw / absent
Cloacal Aperture Nearly terminal Not terminal Terminal
Gills Absent in adults Some adults have external gills Absent
Lungs Asymmetrical Symmetrical Symmetrical
Ductus Botali Present Present Absent
Eyes Small, reduced, non functional Small, Large
Eyelids Absent Present In Land Forms Well Developed
Middle Ear Absent Absent Present
Vocal cords absent absent present
Copulatory Organ Cloacal wall acts as. Protrusible Absent Absent
Eggs Large Small Small
Fertilization Internal Internal External
Development Direct / indeirect Indirect Indirect
Examples Ichthyophis, Gegenophis Amblystoma, Necturus, Proteus Rana, Bufo. Hyla