MSE 470/513 / MAE 455/513

Polymers and Composites

Topic #1 Polymers in Composites
 Recycling - Matching Activity
A

milk container
B C D
Number 1 - PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate)
Safe and Recyclable
Number 2 - HDPE (high-density polyethylene)
Safe and Recyclable
Number 3 - Vinyl or PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
sandwich bag water plumbing Avoid, Non-Recyclable
bottle pipe elbow Number 4 - LDPE (Low-density polyethylene)
Safe and Recyclable
E F
Number 5 - PP (polypropylene)
Safe and Recyclable
Number 6 - PS (Polystyrene)
Avoid, Recyclable
Number 7 - (Miscellaneous)
PC - Questionable, not recyclable
rock climbing water glass
rope
 MAE 455/513, MSE 470/513 - POLYMERS & COMPOSITES (Spring 2020)
Class Meetings: TTh 3:00 – 4:15 SCOB 152
Textbooks: T1: Introduction to Fiber Composites by D.H. Laananen
T2: Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites, Agarwal & Broutman, Wiley
T3: Polymers and Composites Class Notes by Steve Krause (on Blackboard)
References: R1: Properties and Process. of Polymers for Engr., Moore & Kline, Prentice-Hall
R2: Composites Manufacturing - Materials, Product, and Process Engineering, Mazumdar, CRC Press

Instructors: Jian Li (jian.li.1@asu.edu) Office Hours: ERC 259 T 1:00-2:45

Akif Bolukbasi (akif.bolukbasi@asu.edu) Office Hours: COOR 184 TTh 7:15-8:15 (By Appt)

Grader: Joyce Kuang (jkuang3@asu.edu) & TBD

Office Hours: (TBD)

--------------------------- 1st Part of Class (Instructor Dr. Li)---------------------------

Date # Topic
Week 1 Jan. 14 1 - Course introduction
Jan. 16 2 - Intro to polymers
Week 2 Jan. 21 3 - Addition Polymers & Calculations (I)
Jan. 23 4- Addition Polymers & Calculations (II)
Week 3 Jan. 28 5 – Mechanical Properties
Jan. 30 6 – Condensation polymerization & Exam 1 Review
Week 4 Feb. 4 Exam 1 - Polymers
Feb. 6 7 - Molecular weight and size
Week 5 Feb. 11 8 - Effect of Structure on Thermal Properties (I)
Feb. 13 9 - Effect of Structure on Thermal Properties (II)
Week 6 Feb. 18 10 – Polymer Processing (I)
Feb. 20 11 – Polymer Processing (II) & Exam 2 Review
Week 7 Feb. 25 Exam 2 - Polymers.
--------------------------- 2nd Part of Class (Instructor Dr. Bolukbasi)---------------------------
Date Topic Reading Problems Due
Week 7 Feb. 27 Fiber and Matrix Materials, Stiffness of T1 1 - 2, 3.1
Unidirectional Composites
Week 8 Mar. 3 Unidir. Composites & Failure Mechanisms T1 3.2 - 3.3
Mar. 5 Analysis of Orthotropic Lamina T1 4.1 - 4.3 Problem Set #1
Week 9 Mar. 10 Spring Break
Mar. 12 Spring Break
Week 10 Mar. 17 Laminate stiffness 1 T1 5.1 - 5.3 Problem Set #2
Mar. 19 Laminate stiffness 2 T1 5.4 - 5.5
Week 11 Mar. 24 Hygrothermal Effects T1 6 Problem Set #3
Mar. 26 Lamina Strength 1 T1 7.1 - 7.8
Week 12 Mar. 31 Lamina Strength 2
Apr. 2 Short-fiber Composites T1 11, R2 3 Problem Set #4
Week 13 Mar. 7 Interlaminar Stresses & Delamination T1 8
Apr. 9 Exam 3 - Composites
Week 14 Apr. 14 Composites Structures Design Problem Set #5
Apr. 16 Manufacturing Techniques 1 T1 9, R3 6
Week 15 Apr. 21 Manufacturing Techniques 2
Apr. 23 Manufacturing Process Models R3 7
Week 16 Apr. 28 Measurement of Mechanical Properties T1 10, R2 8
Apr. 30 Review for Final Exam
May 5 FINAL EXAM (SCOB 152 2:30 – 4:20 pm)

Homeworks will be due at the beginning of the period indicated on the schedule. Late homeworks will not be accepted.

Grading basis: Exam 1 Polymers 20 %

Exam 2 Polymers 20 %
Exam 3 Composites 20 %
Final Exam 20 %
Homework 15 %
Class Participation 5%
 What is a Composite?
◼ It is a material composed of two or more phases, a
matrix phase and a reinforcing phase

◼ Design goal: optimize organization of matrix and

reinforcement to optimize properties for application e.g.,
low density and high strength
• Phase types:
-- Matrix - is continuous
-- Dispersed - is discontinuous
and surrounded by matrix

Reinforcing phase geometries

U. S. Composites Shipments in 2000
 Fiber Alignment

aligned aligned random

continuous fiber discontinuous short fiber
 Particle Reinforced Composite - Random
• Examples:
Spheroidite matrix: particles:
steel ferrite (a) cementite
(ductile) (Fe3C)
(brittle)
60 mm

- Automobile matrix: particles:

tires rubber C black
(compliant) (stiffer)
0.75 mm

Laminated Continuous Fiber Composite Panel

• Stacked and bonded fiber-reinforced sheets
-- stacking sequence: e.g., 0º/90º
-- benefit: balanced, in-plane stiffness
 Terminology/Classification
• Composites: woven
-- Multiphase material fibers

• Matrix phase:
-- The continuous phase:
- transfer stress to other phases 0.5 mm
- protect phases from environment cross
-- Classification: MMC, CMC, PMC section
view
metal ceramic polymer
• Reinforcing phase:
-- Enhances matrix properties. 0.5 mm
MMC: increase YS, TS, creep resist. Reprinted with permission from
D. Hull and T.W. Clyne, An
CMC: increase Kc - toughness Introduction to Composite Materials,
PMC: increase E, YS, TS, creep resist. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press,
New York, 1996, Fig. 3.6, p. 47.
-- Classification: Particle, fiber, structural
 Metal and Ceramic Composites
• Aligned Continuous fibers
• Examples:
-- Ceramic: Glass w/SiC fibers
-- Metal: g'(Ni3Al)-a(Mo) formed by glass slurry
by eutectic solidification. Eglass = 76 GPa; ESiC = 400 GPa.
matrix: a (Mo) (ductile)

(a) fracture
surface

2 mm

fibers: g ’ (Ni3Al) (brittle) (b)

 Classification of Composites

1. Bamboo 2. Adobe brick 3. Rhino horn 4. rock cross section 5. steel microstructure

6. Auto tire 7. Corvette 8. Banana peel 9. Airplane brake shoe 10. Car bumper
Effects of Reinforcement on Tensile Properties of Composites
Boeing 757 Composites Usage
 Polymer Section Outcomes
◼ Know role of polymers in polymer-matrix fiber reinforced composites

◼ Know principles and examples of 2 main polymer synthesis methods,

❑ Addition polymerization
❑ Condensation polymerization

◼ Structure – processing – property relationships for polymers & composites

❑ Thermal properties
❑ Mechanical properties
❑ Viscoelastic characteristics

◼ Know processing & applications of polymers & composites

Periodic Table and Bonding
Instructions – Fill in the empty blanks on the concept map
with the best choice from the word selection bank.

Chapter 1 - 15
 Specific Properties of Fibers

Extended Chain PE

10
Aramid-Kevlar High TS carbon

8
S-glass

Specific
Strength 6
High modulus
(10 6in) carbon
Boron
Fibers are very strong 4
E-glass
•Responsible for strength of composite
2
while matrix holds them in place Steel
Aluminum
•Ex: fiber-glass filaments in a epoxy matrix 0
0 2 4 6 8
Specific modulus (106in)
Composite Fracture Surfaces
 Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)

◼ Polymer matrix composites (PMCs)

❑ Polymer matrix: epoxy, polyester, urethane, polypropylene
❑ Fiber: graphite, aramid (Kevlar), polyethylene (PE)

◼ Drawbacks of PMC Matrix Phase

❑ Low operating temperature
❑ High coefficients of thermal expansion
❑ Issues with moisture take up
❑ Low elastic modulus

◼ Mechanical properties of PMCs

 Role of Matrix in Composites
◼ Holds fibers in place
◼ Transfers stress in broken continuous fibers or short fiber composites
◼ Barrier to environment protects fiber surfaces
◼ Controls shear strength - inter-laminar and in-plane
◼ Controls processability
◼ Contributes to toughness and damage tolerance
◼ Limits heat resistance

Model of unidirectional composite

Polymer Matrix Performance
 Polymer Matrix Cost
PRICE VS. HEAT DEFLECTION TEMPERATURE
FOR COMMERCIAL RESIN MATRICES

100

90
80

70
$/ POLYIMIDES
LB 60

50
40 PEEK

30 LCP
PEI
20 BMI
EPOXIES
10

150 200 250 30 0 350 450

HEAT DEFLECTION TEMPERATURE (C)
Mechanical Properties of Resins & Chopped Fiber
Composites
 Summary
◼ Composites are classified according to:
-- matrix material – ceramic or metal or polymer (CMC, MMC, PMC)
-- reinforcement geometry (particles, short fibers, continuous fibers, layers)

◼ Polymers can be used both as a matrix material and reinforcing fibers

◼ Reinforcements optimize properties of composite components:
-- MMC: enhance YS, TS, creep performance
-- CMC: enhance Kc (toughness)
-- PMC: significantly enhance E, YS, TS, creep performance

◼ Particulate-reinforced:
-- Elastic modulus can be estimated and properties are isotropic
◼ Fiber-reinforced:
-- Elastic modulus and TS can be estimated along fiber direction
-- Properties can be isotropic or anisotropic (direction dependent)

◼ Laminated:
-- Built-up sandwiches in layered form
Equation Set for Problem 4