Impacts of Science and Technology on Society

- Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is
growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we
work, our housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportation, and,
indeed, even the length and quality of life itself, science has generated changes in
the moral values and basic philosophies of mankind. Beginning with the plow,
science has changed how we live and what we believe. By making life easier,
science has given man the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics,
aesthetics, education, and justice; to create cultures; and to improve human
conditions. But it has also placed us in the unique position of being able to
destroy ourselves.

Science and Technology historical development

1. Century of Genius
 Emerged most fully during the 18th-century or Enlightenment period/Age of
Reason
 Science during the 18th century falls into two categories
- Baroque Period (started 17th century and lasted to 18th century)
- Classical Period (lasted into the early 19th century)

Some of the Geniuses:

 Galileo Galilei (Feb 15, 1564- Jan 8, 1642)

- Inventor of astronomical telescope
- Invented the microscope
- Discovered a number of natural flaws
- Father of Modern Astronomy
- Father Modern Physics
- Father of Sciene

 Johannes Kepler (Dec 27, 1571-Nov 15,1630)

- He is known as the Astronomer who explained planetary motion
- Developed the laws of planetary motion
 Rene Descartes (Mar 31, 1596- Feb 11, 1650)
- The philosopher who said “I think, therefore I am”
- Often called the father of modern science
- Cogito ergo sum – “I think, therefore I am”
- Made major contribution to modern mathematics especially in Cartesian
coordinate system and advancing the theory of equation

 Blaise Pascal (Jun 19, 1623- Aug 19, 1662)

- Best known as 17th century mathematical genius
- Prodigy in math
- Contemporary and rival of Rene Descartes
- Published the geometry of conical sections
- Invented the calculating machines
- He and Pierre de Fermat founded the modern theory of probability

 Pierre de Fermat (Aug 17, 1601 – Jan 12, 1665)

- Correspondence in the formation of the modern theory of probability
- Famous for his “last theorem”
- Became a judge
- Very secretive about his proofs

 Isaac Newton (Jan 4, 1643 – Mar 31 1727)

- He explained gravity
- He helped define the gravity and planetary motion
- Co-founded the field of calculus
- Explained laws of light and color

 Roberrt Boyle (Jan 25, 1627- Dec 31, 1691)

- 17th century chemist who came up with Boyle’s Law (law of pressure)

 William Harvey ( April 1, 1578 – June 3, 1657)

- Studied the circulation of blood and function of heart

 Santorio Santorii (Mar 21, 1561 – Feb 22, 1636)

- Invented body thermometer
- Pupil of Galileo at Padua
 2. Industrial Revolution
 Process of change from agrarian, handicraft economy to one dominated by
industry and machine manufacture
 Process began in England in the 18th century and from there spread to rhe rest
of the world

Technological changes:

 Use of new basic material, chiefly iron ad stee

 Use of new energy source
 Invention of new machines
 New organization of work known as the factory system
 Important development in transportation and communication
 Increasing application of science to industry

3. 18th-19th century science

 It lasted from 1801-1900 according to Gregorian calendar
 Lead to second industrial revolution through the invention of useable
electricity, steel and petroleum products
 Age of machine tools (tools that made tools)
 assembly line speed up factory production
 Gave birth to professional scientist

4. Modern Era science

 Science through the 20th century
 Inventions have progressed at an accelerated rate
 Began the infancy of airplanes, automobiles, spaceships, computers,
cellphones, and wireless internet
 Historical Antecedents that change the course of Science & Technology

1. Ancient ages
 During the growth of the ancient civilizations, ancient technology was the result
from advances in engineering in ancient times. These advances in the history of
technology stimulated societies to adopt new ways of living and governance.

This article includes the advances in technology and the development of several
engineering arts in historic times before the Middle Ages, which began after the fall of
the Western Roman Empire in AD 476,[1][2] the death of Justinian I in the 6th
century,[3] the coming of Islam in the 7th century,[4] or the rise of Charlemagne in the
8th century.[5] For technologies developed in medieval societies, see Medieval
technology and Inventions in medieval Islam.

2. Middle ages
 After the Renaissance of the 12th century, medieval Europe saw a radical change
in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional
means of production, and economic growth.[2] The period saw
major technological advances, including the adoption of gunpowder, the
invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks, and greatly
improved water mills, building techniques (Gothic architecture, medieval
castles), and agriculture in general (three-field crop rotation).
The development of water mills from their ancient origins was impressive, and
extended from agriculture to sawmills both for timber and stone. By the time of
the Domesday Book, most large villages had turnable mills, around 6,500
in England alone.[3] Water-power was also widely used in mining for raising ore from
shafts, crushing ore, and even powering bellows.
European technical advancements from the 12th to 14th centuries were either built on
long-established techniques in medieval Europe, originating
from Roman and Byzantine antecedents, or adapted from cross-cultural exchanges
through trading networks with the Islamic world, China, and India. Often, the
revolutionary aspect lay not in the act of invention itself, but in its technological
refinement and application to political and economic power. Though gunpowder along
with other weapons had been started by Chinese, it was the Europeans who developed
and perfected its military potential, precipitating European expansion and eventual
imperialism in the Modern Era.
Also significant in this respect were advances in maritime technology. Advances in
shipbuilding included the multi-masted ships with lateen sails, the sternpost-mounted
rudder and the skeleton-first hull construction. Along with new navigational techniques
such as the dry compass, the Jacob's staff and the astrolabe, these allowed economic and
military control of the seas adjacent to Europe and enabled the global navigational
achievements of the dawning Age of Exploration.
At the turn to the Renaissance, Gutenberg’s invention of mechanical printing made
possible a dissemination of knowledge to a wider population, that would not only lead
to a gradually more egalitarian society, but one more able to dominate other cultures,
drawing from a vast reserve of knowledge and experience. The technical drawings of
late-medieval artist-engineers Guido da Vigevano and Villard de Honnecourt can be
viewed as forerunners of later Renaissance artist-engineers such as Taccola or da Vinci.

3. Modern ages
 About 200 years ago the pace of technological change in western society began to
quicken. Wind, water, and animal power, with their limitations of place and
capacity, were supplemented and then replaced by the steam engine, which
went on to power the factories of the industrial revolution. The railroad made it
possible to move things and people quickly over greats distances. The telegraph
and later, the telephone carried communication across countryside. Electric
lighting supplanted the dim glow of candles, kerosene, and gas lights.

 By the beginning of 20th century, the notion of progress was closely linked with
technological development, and that linkage intensified in the following decades.
The automobile and the airplane changed not only travel but the nature of our
cities and towns. Radio and then television brought more of the outside world
into everyone’s homes. Knowledge about causes of disease brought new
treatments and preventive measure. Computers appeared, and soon the
transistor made them smaller, more powerful, more accessible and cheaper

 The system by which research and development leads to new product is

fundamentally different than it was in 19th century. The role of individual
inventor has been added the power of organized scientific research and
technological innovation.
4. Philippines
 Science and technology in the Philippines had experienced period of intense
growth as well as long periods of stagnation
 The main managing agency responsible for science and technology is the
Department of Science and Technology
 Numerous national scientists have contributed in different fields of science
including Fe del Mundo in the field of Pediatrics, Eduardo Quisumbing in the
field of Plant taxonomy , Gavino Trono in the field of tropical marine
psychology, Maria Orosa in the field of Food technology and many more
Activity 1:

10 science and technology concepts during;

 Ancient ages
- Compass
- Carbon steel
- sword

 Middle ages
- Vertical windmills
- Spectacles
- Mechanical clock

 Modern ages
- Steam engine
- Cellphone

 Philippines
- The banaue rice terraces
- Jufran banana ketchup