Air Pollution

Prepared By
Jikrul Hasan
Student of IUBAT
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ID: 14307058

IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

 Content
 Definition of Air Pollution
Types of Air Pollution-
-Primary pollutants
- Secondary pollutants
Sources of Air Pollution
-Anthropogenic (man-made) sources
-Natural sources
Causes of Air Pollution
Effect of Air Pollution on
-Human Body
-Materials
-Animals
Solution for Air Pollution
 What is Air?

Air is a precious resource

that most of us take for
granted. Air supplies us with
oxygen, which is essential for
our bodies to live. Without
it, we would die within
minutes.
 What Is Air Pollution??
Air pollution is the
introduction of particulates
,biological molecules or other
harmful materials into Earth's
atmosphere ,causing diseases,
death to humans, damage to
other living organisms such as
animals and food crops or
the natural or built
environment . Air pollution Air pollution from a fossil-fuel power
may come station
from anthropogenic or natural
sources.
 Types of Pollution
In order to understand the causes of air pollution,
several divisions can be made.

Primary air pollutants can be caused by primary

sources or secondary sources. The pollutants that are
a direct result of the process can be called primary
pollutants.

Secondary pollutants are the ones that are caused by

the inter mingling and reactions of primary pollutants.
 Primary Pollutants
Major primary pollutants
produced by human
activity,
• Sulfur oxides (SOx)-
particularly sulfur dioxide, a
chemical compound with
the formula SO2.
SO2 is produced by
volcanoes and in varies
industrial process.
Coal and petroleum often
contain sulfer compounds,
and their combustion
generates sulfer di-oxide.
 Nitrogen oxides
• Nitrogen oxides (NO )
(NO x )
x
Nitrogen oxides-
particularly nitrogen
dioxide, are expelled
from high temperature
combustion, and are also
produced during
thunderstorms by
electric discharge.
They can be seen as a
brown haze dome above
or a plume downwind of
cities.
 Carbon monoxide (CO)
• CO is a colorless,
odorless, toxic yet
non-irrigation gas.
• It is a product by
incomplete
combustion of fuel
such as natural gas,
coal or wood.
• Vehicular exhaust is
a major source of
carbon monoxide.
 Volatile organic compounds
• VOCs are a well-known outdoor
air pollutant.
• They are categorized as either
methane (CH) or non-methane
(NMVOCs)
• Methane is an extremely
efficient greenhouse gas which
contributes to enhanced global
warming.
• The aromatic NMVOCs
benzene, toluene and xylene
are suspected carcinogens and
may lead to leukemia with
prolonged expure.
 Particulates
• Alternatively referred to as
particulate matter (PM),
atmospheric particulate matter,
or fine particles, are tiny particles
and gas.
• Some particulates occur
naturally, originating from
volcanoes, dust storms, forest
and grassland fires, living
vegetation and sea spray.
• Human activities, such as the
burning of fossil fuels in vehicles,
power plants and various
industrial processes also
generate significant amounts of
aerosols.
 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Harmful to the ozone
layer; emitted from
products currently
banned from use
• These are gases which
are released from air
conditioners,
refrigerators, aerosol
sprays, etc.
• This allows harmful
ultraviolet rays to reach
the earth’s surface.
 Ammonia (NH3)
• Emitted from agriculture
processes.
• Ammonia is a compound
with the formula NH3.
• Ammonia, either directly
or indirectly, is also a
building block for the
synthesis of many
pharmaceuticals.
• In the atmosphere,
ammonia reacts with
oxides of nitrogen and
sulphur to form
secondary particles.
 Secondary Pollutants
• Particulates created from
gaseous primary
pollutants and
compounds in
photochemical smog.
• Smog is a kind of air
pollution.
• Smog results from large
amounts of coal burning
in an area caused by a
mixture of smoke and
sulfur dioxide.
 Ground Level Ozone (O)
• Formed from Nox and VOCs.
• It is also an important constituent of certain regions of
the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer.
• Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive
many of the chemical processes that occur in the
atmosphere by day and by night.
 Sources
• There are various locations, activities or
factors which are responsible for releasing
pollutants into the atmosphere.
• These sources can be classified into two major
categories-
1) Anthropogenic (man-made) sources
2) Natural sources
Major sources of pollutants
 Anthropogenic sources
• These are related to the
burning of multiple types
of fuel.
• Stationary Sources
include smock stacks of
power plants,
manufacturing facilities
and waste incinerators, as
well as furnaces and
other types of fuel-
burning heating devices.
• Chemicals, dust and
controlled burn practices in
agriculture and forest
management.
• Mobile Sources include
motor vehicles, marine
vessels, and aircraft.
• Fumes from paint, hair
spray, varnish, aerosol
sprays, and other solvents.
• Waste deposition in
landfills, which generate
methane.
 Natural Sources
• Dust from natural sources ,
usually large areas of land
with few or no vegetation.
• Methane, emitted by the
digestion of food by
animals, for example cattle.
• Radon gas from radioactive
decay within the Earth’s
crust.
• It is considered to be a
health hazard. Radon gas
from natural sources can
accumulate in buildings,
especially in confined areas
such as the basement.
• Smoke and carbon monoxide from
wildfires.
• Volcanic activity, which produces
sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates.
1. Bunning of Fossil
Fuels:
• Sulfur dioxide emitted from
the combustion of fossil fuels
like coal, petroleum and
other factory combustibles of
pollution.
• Pollution emitted from
vehicles including trucks,
jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes
cause immense amount of
pollution.
 2. Agricultural activities
• Ammonia is a very common
by product from agriculture
related activities and is one
of the most hazardous gases
in the atmosphere.
• Use of insecticides,
pesticides and fertilizers in
agricultural activities has
grown quite a lot.
• They emit harmful chemicals
into the air and can also
cause water pollution.
 3. Exhaust from factories and
industries
• Manufacturing
industries release
large amount of
carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons, organic
compounds, and
chemicals into the air
thereby depleting the
quality of air.
 4. Mining operators
• Mining is a process
wherein minerals
below the earth are
extracted using
large equipments.
• During the process
dust and chemicals
are released in the
air causing massive
air pollution.
 5. Indoor air pollution
• Household cleaning products, painting
supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air and
cause air pollution
Effect of Air Pollution On
Human Health
• The effects of air
pollution are alarming.
• They are known to
create several
respiratory and heart
condition along with
cancer, among other
threats to the body.
• Air pollution causes following diseases
in human body:
 Cystic fibrosis
 Lung disease
 Cancer
 Difficulty in breathing
 Wheezing
 Coughing
 Asthma
 Worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac
condition
 Effect of Air Pollution on
Materials
• The particulate matter
causes damage to
building.
• The corrosion is
enhanced.
• It causes cracks fading of
pointed surface.
• The particulates
accumulate on the soil
and reduces fertility of
soil.
Effect of Air pollution on Animals
• Just like humans, animals also face some
devastating affects of air pollution.
• Toxic chemicals presents in the air can force
wildlife species to move to new place and
change their habitat
 Air Pollution in Bangladesh
• Basically, there are two major sources
of air pollution in Bangladesh
industrial emissions and vehicular
emissions. The industrial sources
include brick kilns, fertilizer factories,
sugar, paper, jute and textile mills,
spinning mills, tanneries, garment,
bread and biscuit factories, chemical
and pharmaceutical industries,
cement production and processing
factories, metal workshops, wooden
dust from saw mills and dusts from
ploughed land, and salt particles from
ocean waves near the and coastal
lands.
• With increased rate of urbanization in the
country, the number of vehicles is also
increasing rapidly, and contributing to more
and more air pollution.
 Solutions for Air Pollution
1. Use public mode of transportation:
• Encourage people to use more and more public
modes of transportation to reduce pollution.
• Also, try to make use of car pooling.
• If you and your colleagues come from the same
locality and have same timings, you can explore
this option to save energy and money.
 2.Conserve energy:
• Switch off fans and lights when you are going
out.
• Large amount of fossil fuels are burnt to
produce electricity. You can save the
environment from degradation by7 reducing
the amount of fossil fuels to be burned
 3. Understand the concept of
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle:
• Do not throw away items that are of no use to
you.
• In fact reuse them for some other purpose.
• Foe e.g. we can use old jars to store cereals or
pulses.
 4. Emphasis on clean energy
resources:
• Clean energy technologies like solar, wind and
geothermal are on high these days.
• Governments of various countries have been
providing grants to consumers who are interested
in installing solar panels for their home.
• This will go a long way to curb air pollution.
Thanks To You