A Report

on

Mechanical Tool Coordinate 

Placing System 
Prepared in partial fulfilment of the Course
Production Technique - II (ME F313)
at

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE,

PILANI

Section 1 Group 2
Jayant Asnani - 2016A4PS0395P
Devendra Pratap Singh - 2016A4PS0404P
Nipun Neil - 2016A4PS0411P
Abhinav Singh - 2016A4PS0311P
Vishesh Gaur - 2016A4PS0229P
Vidhat Bhat - 2016A4PS0281
Acknowledgement

We would like to sincerely thank our course instructor Professor T. C. Bera for giving us
an opportunity to choose our Production Techniques project as
“Mechanical Tool Placing Device”

We are also grateful to our lab instructor, Mr. Nitish Gokhale and other people at the
workshop for providing their valuable pieces of advice, assistance, and guidance
whenever needed.

Abstract

We have designed a Mechanical Tool Holding and Positioning System. It is based on

the rack and gear mechanisms to locate the tool in the 2-Dimensions. It is easy to
fabricate and replicate system and thus can be used in the machine tools to align their
tools. The Industrial Operations where our project can be used are Milling, Drilling,
Shaping, Planing, Reaming, Welding, etc.

The scope of our project also encompasses the automation of the Industrial Operations.
The tool holder is provided with sufficient room for convenient tool changing and
handles are provided for navigation of the tool. The support structure used is of wood
with acrylic rack and gears and the hollow intersecting rods are made up of Mild Steel.
The entire system is very compact and can be used in all the mechanical and
manufacturing based industry.
Solid Model of each Part
Wooden Bed

Acrylic Rails
Acrylic Gears

Acrylic Rollers
Mild Steel Rods

Mild Steel Rings

3-D Product Assembled View
3-D Exploded view of Assembled Product
PART LIST
PART NO QUANTITY ITEM DESCRIPTION MATERIAL
1 1 BED 400*150*50 mm*mm*mm WOOD

2 1 RAIL 1 400*150*50 mm*mm*mm ACRYLIC

3 1 RAIL 2 400*150*50 mm*mm*mm ACRYLIC

4 1 BED 2 400*150*50 mm*mm*mm WOOD

5 1 BED 3 400*150*50 mm*mm*mm WOOD

6 1 GEAR 1 2 inch dia *1.5 cm ACRYLIC

7 1 GEAR 2 2 inch dia *1.5 cm ACRYLIC

8 1 ROLLER 1 400*150*50 mm*mm*mm ACRYLIC

9 1 ROD 1 .75 inch dia *300mm MILD STEEL

10 1 ROLLER 2 400*150*50 mm*mm*mm ACRYLIC

11 1 ROD 2 .75 inch dia *300mm MILD STEEL

12 1 RING 1 -------------- MILD STEEL

13 1 RING 2 -------------- MILD STEEL

14 1 CONNECTOR -------------- MILD STEEL

15 1 TOOL_HOLDER -------------- MILD STEEL

Manufacturing Processes Description of Every Component

❖ Wooden Bed
➢ Power Saw - Large wooden block is cut into 4 smaller blocks of required
shape and size.
❖ Acrylic Rails
➢ Step 1​​: Do-all machine is used to cut a strip from a large acrylic sheet
➢ Step 2​​: Milling machine is used to make teeths on strip of pitch 0.285 inch.
❖ Gears
➢ Step 1: ​Drilling machine is used to make hole on centre of acrylic sheet
(rectangular shape) of diameter 0.75 inches.
➢ Step 2:​​ Lathe machine is used to make rectangular acrylic sheet into
circular shape of diameter 2 inches.
➢ Step 3:​​ Milling Machine is used to make 22 teeths with pitch of 0.285 inch.
❖ Mild Steel Pipe
➢ Pipe is cut into two parts of required sizes using hand cutter
➢ Drilling machine is used to drill a hole for connecting wooden handle.
❖ Mild Steel Ring
➢ Hand Cutter is used to cut small ring from mild steel pipe
➢ Both the rings are welded using Brass Welding.
❖ Wooden Handle
➢ Drilling machine is used to drill a hole of diameter 0.75 inches to connect it
with rod for rotating it.
WORKING

As name implies it is a tool coordinating system like we use in other machines but there
are few differences in working of our model and conventional systems. Working of our
model is very easy to use but quite difficult to manufacture. It basically works on
Cartesian coordinate system with two horizontal axes allowing the tool to move in two
directions.
Main mechanism for our project is rack and pinion mechanism. For two directions (x and
y axis) two such mechanisms are employed. To balance the system, plain cylindrical
acrylic pieces are used on other side of acrylic gears (rack and pinion system). Pitch of
the gear is 5.08cm/22teeth so for rotation of one teeth out of 22 teeth, the gear will
move approx. 2.31 mm.
There are two perpendicular rack and pinion systems that work for two axes. They work
in such a way that they don’t disturb the whole system. Means when they are moved,
their handle also move laterally changing every time the position of point of control. For
that reason, you continuously had to move your hand in tool direction but it won’t
interfere with position of other direction gear.
That was the basic difference between our machine and conventional systems like in
case of conventional systems the screw’s position is never changed until other direction
screw is used. Another difference is that we are using gears and other machines uses
screws.
For example if you want to drill two adjacent holes at distance of .462 mm you can drill a
hole somewhere and then rotate the two teeth of gear in appropriate direction.
Learning Objectives

This project helped us in learning many important skills and values such as-
● Designing and Planning a project
● Keeping a check on the economic viability of a project
● Operating a Lathe machine
● Gear Cutting and its calculations
● Using a milling machine and how to cut a rack using it
● Woodcutting
● Welding
● Working with Acrylic sheets
● Time Management
● Problem-Solving skills
● Teamwork and Leadership qualities
Overall, this project has been a great learning experience for all of us. We learned the
value of time management and group organization throughout the course of this project.
The major advantage of this project was that now we are familiar with most of the
workshop machines/shops and are confident in using them for further manufacturing
processes.
Many problems were faced while manufacturing and assembling the work but due to
comprehensive planning by the group members and guidance by the instructors, we
were able to overcome these problems and find better solutions.
All in all, this project gave us a good idea of how an assembly is manufactured in the
industries and all the variables that need to be considered before you can actually start
making a part. It was a very successful practical experience which has prepared us well
for the tasks lying ahead.