Networi< l\ranagement and Adminislralion (1 7061 )

EXPERIMENT No: I
(ki be done by giouP ot 2 students)

't.0 Tifle :

lnstalland confidure DHCP Server

-qJ
2.0 Prior Concepts : \
Windows 2OOB server familiarity, lnternet Protocoi(lP), Domarn Name Service(DNs)

3.0 New Goncepts :

Proposition 1 : Static and Dynamic lP address

An lnternet Protocol (lP) address is an identifier for a computer or device an a TCP/IP netlvork
NetwolksroutemessagesbasedonthelPaddressofthedestinationUsingtheTcP/lPprotocol'
TheformatofanlPaddressisa32-bitnumericaddresswrittenasfournumbersSepalatedby
periods. Each number can be o (zero) io 255. For example, 192 16A 1 124
An lP address can be static or dynamic
. Jstatrc lP addresses are manually asslgned lo a computer by an administratorA static
lP
address will nevel change and it is a permanent lnternet address'

host sdftwarel -
Proposition 2: Dynamic Host control protocol (DHCP)

addressing,adevicecanhaveadifferent{Paddresseveryiimeitconnectstothenet\^/ork'lnsome
systems, ihe device's lP address can even change while lt is stitl connected DHCP also supports
a mix of static and dynamic lP addresses'l

Dynamic addressing sirnplifies network administration because the software keeps kack of'lP
addresses ,rather than requiring an aclministrator io managb the task This means that a new
computer can be added to a network without the hassle of manually assigning it a unique lP address
I\/any lSPs use dynamic lP addressing for dial_up users.
'The protocol operates based on the clienlseryer model. With n a loial network, DHCP assigns a
local lP address to devices connected to the local network.
.9" {-wnen a computer or oiher netlvorked device connects to a network, its DHCP client software
in the operating system sends a broadcast query request ng necessary information' The DHCP
servermanagesapooloflPaddressesandinformalionaboUtclientconfiguraiionparameterson
receiving a request, the server may respond with specific information for each client, as previously
configuredbyanadrninisirator,orwllhaspecificaddressandanyotherinformationvalidforthe
cntire net,,ork, an.l the tirne period for $/hich the allocatlon is vali A host typical y queries for this

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 Neh{ork Management and Adm nEtral on (17061)

information When an assignment s refreshed by the c rent computer, it lnrtally rcq!l.sts

itesame
parameter values but rnay be assrgned a new address from the server based r,,r
Lhe .lss.rrnr,,,rt
policies set by adm nrsiraiors

DHCP is a client-seNer technatogy that altaws DHC? severs to assign or te!s. rp !r, lre;ses
io computers and other devrces that are enabled as DHCp ctents Wth DHCp. vou cajr do the
follow ngi

-(t ) [2 Lease lP adc]resses for a spec fc amoLnt oI iime to DHCp clients, and tren aub.,ratica y
renew the lP addresses when the ciieni requests a renewa

.-' update DHCP c ent pararneiers automatica y by changng a serveT or scope optiof at the
DHCP server rather than perform ng th s action ind vidually on al Dl_lCp c enis
. Reserr/e ,P addresses for specific computers or other devces so thai they always have the
same D aa:.ess and also rece ve the most Ltp_to-date DHCP opt ons

retwork ' Exc-:a:a:..essesoraddressrangesfrorndskibutonbytheDHCpserversothaithese p

)locol,
adc-ass:: :-: :anges can be used to siatica ly confgure serveTs. routers, a.d oiher ciev ce:
thai .a:- -= s:at c P addresses
'ated by
. Pro,:: l-:, servces to many subnets if al routers between the DHCp server and the
sL:_a_ ':' , - ch you want to provlde service are configured to forward DHCp messages
. C. _': _': :-e lHCp server to perform DNS name reg straiion serv ces for DHCp ctients
;taiic lP
. P.: .: -_ : ::s: address assignmefl for lp based DHCP c enis
Proposition 3 | DHCpAllocation
Depenc". :' n'premeniation, rhe DHcp server may have three melhods of
ariocatrno p- 5
aOOrF:^ iE: I

Dynam c ar ocation: A network admin strator Teseryes a range of p addresses

for Drcp
erver to anc E::- : :-: ..mputer on the LAN is configured to request an lp address
from the DHCP
jynamic serue.:_-^: -eii,ork nrtiaizaton The reqLrest and-grant process uses a ease concept
ln some with a ..-:.. :b e trme period, a lowing the DHCP server to reclaim (and then
reaitocate) tp
upports
addresses:-a: a.e not reneu/ed
. LAutomatic allocation: The DHCP server pe rnanen|y ass gns an lp a.tdress to
a requesting
I r 2 client from i:e '. rEe def ned by the
)k of lP - administralor This s rike dynarnrc a rocatron. but the trHcp
server keeas z .a! e of past lp address ass gnments, so that rt can preferentally
ass.t,t to a
ddress
clienlthe san s Pacdress thatthe cientpreviousty had
. StaticAllocation:TieDHCpservera ocatesantpaddressbasedonapreconfrgurecliraFp,,.l
isrgns a to each client s LrAC address Th s feature is called static DHCp assrgnnrent

position 4: DHCP Operation

DHCP protoco emptoys a connectron ess servce moclel, using the User Datag.af protoci]
IDHCP (UDP) ?
ers on
)viously DHCP discovery
for the The cllent broadcasts messages on the network subnet uslng the destinaton adLjresj
ior this 255 255 255 255 or li,E.,r..Jr,r srrl :rt iiria.t.alit :,.rlt.."s ADt tip.r.ii
cf the .. :r .

last known lP address

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 Neiwork Managemeni and Admtnrstblton (t206t
)

DHCP offer
When a DHCp server receives an Ip a.lrlress lease
request frorn a clienl, it reserves an lp address
for the client and extends an Ip address lease cffer by
sending a DHCPOFFER rnessage to the
client Thrs message contains the client,s IVIAC address,
the !p address that the server is offering,
the subnet mask, the lease duratio|, and the tfr address
ofthe DHCp server ,naking the offer.
DHCP request
ln response to the DHCP offer, the ctient replies with
a DHCP requesl broadcast 10 the server,
requesting the offered address. A crient can receive
oHCp ofers from r.urrip e servers, but rt will
accept only ooe DHCP offer. Based on requjred sevet
identification cpton n the request and
broadcast messaging, servers are informed whose
ofter the client has accepted when other DHCP
servers receive this message, they withdraw any offers that
they might ha /e Tade to the client and
return the offered address to the pool ofavatlabje addresses.

DHCP acknowledgement
When the DHCp server receives the DHCPREOUEST
message from the c e.t. the configulation
process enters its final phase. The acknov/ledgerneni
phase involves senc n9 a DHCPACK packet
to the client. This packet includes ihe lease dirration and
any other conig!;t.on nformalion that
the client might have requested Atthispoint, the lp conriguration
process;s compteted
The protocol expects the DHCP client to configure its
rieiwork intedace ,,1
th the negotiated
parameters.

Proposition 5: DHCp Client working

1 A user turns on a compuler with a DHCP client

2. The clieni computer sends a broadcast request (ca

ed a DTSCOVEF c, DHCPDTSCOVER),
Iooking for a DHCp server to answer.

3. The router drrects the DISCOVER packet to the correct

DHCP servdr
4 The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based
on availability and usage policies set on the
server, the server determines an appropriate address (if
any) to give to (:e client. The server
then temporarily reserves that address for the client
and sends back tc :he c ent an OFFER
(or DHcPoFFER) packet, with thal ad.iress
information. The server a so .o.irgures the crient,s
DNS servers, WINS servers, NTp setuers, and
sometimes other servlces as we l

5 The client sends a REOUEST (or DHCPREeUEST) packer,

tertng the ser/er know that it
intends to use the address_

6. The server sends an ACK (or DHCPACK) packet,

confirming that the clrent has been given a
lease on the address for a seiver_speclfied period
of time

4.0 Learning Objectives :

lntellectual Skils :
'1. To understand concept of DHCP

2- To understand DHCP allocation

3. To understand DHCp operation

lMaharashtE Srate Board ofTechnca Educaior

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 Non ork Management and AdminlstEtEi (1 7061 ) Erpeament No I

Motor Skills :

1. Ability to install DHCP Server.

2 Configuring DHCP Server.

3. Al)jlity to -onfigure DHCP client.

5.0 Apparatus
Windows Server 2008 installed system having static lp address.
in LAN

Stepwise Procedure :

lnstall and Configure DHCp Server

1. Click Start, click Administraiive Tools, clibk Server I\,4anager

2 Expand and click Roles. ln Roles Summary clickAdd Roles

Es.R.riEhil;r2!r!1!|51,Pllcmigercfie.h

Mahe€sht6 Siale Board or Tshnical Education

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Nebro* Manaooment and Adminislration (17061) Net

:l Choose Add Roles and fclow ihe wizard by seiectrng the DHCP ': :

E
E

o!

4 Anew DHCP wizard appears io help you configure a DHCP server. Choose static lP addresses
to service DHGP client

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l4ahaEshtra State Boad oJ Techn caLEducation .66

 Expetiment No I
LNO 8 Nehdolk Nlanagement and Adminisraiion (17061)

when an address is assigned.

i
5 Specify ihe ble DNS serverls)to be used with DHCP

ontheDHCPscopewindow,createScope'DependingonthesizeofyQurnetworkandthe
and
Click the Activate this scope checkbox
amount of users thai will be assigned lP addresses '

did( ok-

_q8
esses

*ope 'la-rt
SI,YE iF rrj'er!
Er*E I? ldf,-..s:

SLhnet I'rz.

gefaulta.. : .:
SLEnet T ,--..

.66 Maharashka State Board ofTeclri ca E'lL"t]"

 (1 701i1
Network lr,4anagemenl and Admiiistralion )

7. DHCP scope will appear

applying you( DHCP settings

8 click Next. Revie', and confirm your settings before

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Maharashira staie Board of Techn calEducation
 Netlvork Ma.ageme.r and Admin sratron (t7o6.t)

9. DHCP lnstallation wilt begjn.

Managing the DHCP server ;

Once admin strator ras nstalled the DCHP server, administralor can manage it
from the DHCP
Ml\rC snap- n iocated n Adminiskative tools On this screen he can create additionat
exclusions
and reservatons

Adding reservations :

ln addition to specifying excrusrons, administrator can add resbrvations to DHCp server.

By adding
a reservation, administrator ensures that a machine always receives the same
Ip address from the
a< DHCP server.

1. Right-click on Reservations and choose new resbrvation.

- 2- Enter a friendly name for the reseNation and the lp address you want to assign to
the computer
or device
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 Nshrork Management and Adminrstraltoo (t 7061
)

--j. Enter the MAC address ofthe computer or device_ (user

can find the l\rAC address by running
ipconfig/al| trcm the command prompt of the machine.)

Provde ifonBatih Io{ a E*€rved d€d

lr92 16r r 25

c4{3-2F{t 8t {6

Adding exclusions :

ln addition to specifying reservations, user can add exclusions

to your DHCP server By adding
exclusions, user ensures that machines never receive a DHCp
lease for thai range of lp addresses.
This is very useful to block lp addresses for your servers and
routers.

Viev{ Heh

r]-lEmlO
DHCP
E fl d(,dc.locEl
U fl1 Ieu+ Contefits of
E Ll s!:ope [192,158,1 Lr] DF

Address
Reserv Refresh
JB nez.1
Hdp
f4! srope op{
Ljf server ootons
U fl; lcve
l-.8 Server options

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 Network Managemenr and Adminislra hoi (17061)

rnnrng ln order to add Exclusions, right-click on Address pools and

choose New Exclusion Range

going

Type thc lPad*c*e r

gc rhd you nfi to aEtrdG. f yBr rEt
to
€xcixle a irEt€ ad(,e!8- gDc an add8es h 9it lp add!€ ilt.
9a,t lP addi*: Fu 16s r 50 \.
End lP addrsls:

Troubleshooting DHCP:
After conflgurng DHCB the easiest way to troubleshoot it is to use /pcorfg from a,:ommand
prompt To vlew all TCP/|P informatign on a machine just type ipconfig/a . lo retease . DHCP
lease,lype ipconfighelease; to renew a lease, type ipconfig/renew.

Configure DHCP client

To conflgure lPv4 for static addressing
ding 1 Click Start, click Controt panel, click Nelwork and tnternet, ctiik Network and Sh.rlng
ses, Cenler and then click Change Adapter Sefiings.
2. Right-ciick the connection to which you want to add a static lp address and then click
Properties.

3. Acknowledge the UAC dialog and then double-ctick tnte.net protocol Vorsion 4 (Tcpflp/
IPv4),

4. Click Use the following lp address, and do one of lhe following:

> For a local area connect on, in lp address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway, type the
lP address, subnet mask, and default gateway addresses.

> For all other connectjons, in lp address, type the lp address.

5 Click Use the following DNS server addresses.

6. ln Preterred DNS sewer and Alternate DNS serve., type the prihary and secondary ONS
servet addresses

7.0 Obseryations :

2. MAC address of the system is also required along with lp-address for aclding reservalion.

3. Scope of lP address need to be set for DHCP server by specifying lp address range.

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