PRACTICE 2

Part A. LISTENING
I. For questions 1 – 5, complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
CHILDREN'S ART AND CRAFT WORKSHOPS
Example Answer
Workshops organised every: Saturday

• Adults must accompany children under 1 ______8_________

• Cost: £2.50
• Workshops held in: Winter House, 2 __on Tamer_ Street
• Security device: must push the 3 _green button_ to open door
• Should leave car behind the 4 __library__
• Book workshops by phoning the 5 _education department_ (on 200765)

II. For questions 6 – 10, you will hear a radio interview with the gardening experts Jed and Helena Stone.
Listen and indicate the most appropriate response, A, B, C, or D.
6. How does Helena feel about the use of Jed's name for their joint business?
A. occasionally frustrated that her contribution goes unnoticed
B. amused that they have a name people tend to remember
C. appreciative of the respect that the name has brought her
D. irritated by the fact that Jed is more of a celebrity than she is
6.A

7. What is Jed's attitude to his public profile?

A. He likes the fact that complete strangers often want to talk to him.
B. He's unhappy that it prevents him doing everyday activities.
C. He enjoys it more now than he did when he was younger.
D. He's proud of the way it reflects his achievements.
7.D
8. How did Helena feel about her work on The Travel Show?
A. She would have enjoyed it more in different circumstances.
B. It was convenient for her to be away from the house then.
C. It was a welcome alternative to manual work.
D. She felt obliged to do it at that particular time.
8.D
9. What explanation does Helena give for the name of the garden?
A. It provided a useful framework for the project.
B. It was a response to the bright colours they wanted there.
C. It allowed them to experiment with a wide range of options.
D. It was meant to inspire them to embrace unconventional ideas.
9.A
10. Jed says that, for him, the name 'jewel garden' is ____________.
A. a reminder of the value of creativity
B. an appropriate one for something so beautiful
C. a positive way of combining both past and present
D. a way of explaining his philosophy of design to people
10.C

III. For questions 11 - 15, you will hear the historian, George Davies, talking about society and the
theatre in England in the time of William Shakespeare. Decide whether the following statements are true
(T) or false (F).
11. __T_ According to Professor Davies, the level of literacy in sixteen-century England matched his
expectations.
12. _F_ In Professor Davies' opinion, the advantage of the usual method of communication in the sixteenth
century was that people absorbed more of what they heard.
13. __T____ Professor Davies believes that Shakespeare's company developed their basic acting skills by
attending special voice classes.
14. ___T___ In Professor Davies' view, the advantage of sixteen-century theatres was that the performances
were complemented by everyday life.
15. __F___ Professor Davies thinks that sixteen-century plays were expected to deal with personal confessions.

IV. For questions 16 - 25, listen to a piece of VOA news about the huge increase in obesity and fill in the
missing information.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces
provided.
Globally, one in three adults is now considered overweight or obese. In 1980 it was one in five.
The Future Diets report analyzed existing data and found the (16)_steadiest strikes_ __ has been in
developing nations like Mexico and Egypt, where people are spending their increasing (17)_disposable
incomes _ on fatty sugary foods. Numbers almost quadrupled from 250 million to (18)__904 __ million.
 The report also said that western countries which (19)__has been dealing __ with the obesity problem for
longer have so far failed to (20)__tackle __ effectively.
It highlighted a more successful (21)___mass campaign ___ in South Korea to train women how to
prepare traditional (22)__low fat __ meals.
The report suggests following the example of some American states in taxing things like (23)__fizzy
drinks ___ and sugary sweets. It also warns if current global trends continue, there will be a huge increase in
(24)_heart attack __, strokes and (25)____diabete____.

Part B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
V. For questions 26 – 45, choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
26. There is a great deal of pressure in the newspaper industry, editors might work a 12-hour day with no
__________.
A. come-down B. letdown C. let-up D. crackdown
27. I’ve got such a __________ headache that I can’t concentrate on the lecture.
A. beating B. drumming C. hammering D. throbbing
28. I have no idea whether the restaurant will be open – we’ll just have to take pot __________.
A. choice B. chance C. luck D. fortune
29. I had an amazingly __________ dream last night. I was flying and I could see the whole football field from
a bird’s eye view.
A. dull B. logical C. incoherent D. lucid
30. “At least give this supplement a try. My sister _________ it. It will help you sleep better,” said Lucy to her
roommate.
A. gets by B. drops by C. swears by D. stands by
31. The government stopped the local companies from importing fake milk powder ________ of public health.
A. in the interest B. to the best C. for the attention D. on the safe side
32. The threat of a general strike can only be __________ through government intervention.
A. averted B. converted C. subverted D. diverted
33. It isn’t easy to make friends with him, he puts up a __________ between himself and other people.
A. barrier B. barricade C. border D. boundary
34. That little man goes unnoticed in the street, but he __________ immense power.
A. swings B. handles C. wields D. practices
35. Space travel would not be possible without the right source of __________ , which currently still comes
from chemical fuel.
A. propulsion B. emulsion C. compulsion D. expulsion
36. The lecture was rather boring, but the ___________ discussion proved fruitful.
 A. subsequent B. latter C. consecutive D. successive
37. The painting was a valuable family possession, which had been ___________ from generation to
generation.
A. handed over B. handed down C. handed across D. handed out
38. By an unfortunate ___________, the bride’s sister was not invited to the wedding.
A. insult B. oversight C. neglect D. disregard
39. __________ a fire, hotel guests are asked to remain calm.
A. As a result of B. In the event of C. By reason of D. In the time of
40. Too many hotels have been built and this has ___________ down prices, making holidays cheaper.
A. forced B. cut C. slowed D. reduced
41. She can’t be interested in the lessons, ___________ that she always arrives late.
A. viewing B. seeing C. noting D. judging
42. The lecture __________ from prehistory to modern times and gave the audience much to think about.
A. covered B. included C. ranged D. dealt
43. It’s a foregone ___________ that he’ll be top of the class again.
A. concept B. proposal C. conclusion D. prediction
44. But ___________ some countries have ruined their agriculture, squandering money on uneconomic
factories, the Ivory Coast has stuck to what it is good at.
A. after B. during C. when D. while
45. No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it has been ___________ to Bach.
A. identified B. associated C. referred D. attributed

VI. The passage below contains 10 errors in spelling, grammar, or word form. For questions 46 - 55,
underline the errors and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes in the answer-sheet.

Lines
1. The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to
2. read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and
3. speak. In modern contexts, the word refers to reading and writing at
4. level adequate for communication, or at a level that enables one to
5. successfully comprehend and communicate in printing society.
6. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
7. (UNESCO) has drafted the following definition: “Literacy
8. is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate
9. and compute, using printed and written materials associated with
10. varying contexts. Literacy involves a continua of learning to enable
11. an individual to achieve his or her goals, to develop his or her ability
12. and potential, and to participate fully in the wider society.”
13. Many policy analysts consider literacy rates a crucial measure of a
14. region human capital. This claim is done on the grounds that literate
15. people can be trained less expensively than illiterate people, generally
16. have a higher socio-economic state and enjoy better health and
17. employment prospects. Policy makers also argue that literacy increases
18. job opportunities and access higher education. In Kerala, India, for
19. example, female and child mortality rates declined in the 1960s, when
20. girls educating in the education reforms after 1948 began to
21. raise families. Recent researchers, however, argue that correlations
22. such as the one listed above may have more to do without the effects of
23. schooling rather than literacy in general. Regardless, the demand for
24. educational systems worldwide include a basic context around
25. communication through text and print, which is the foundation of most
26. definitions of literacy.

Line Mistake Correction

5 printing literate
10 continua continuum
14 region region’s
14 done made
18 access Access to
20 educating educated
22 without with
23 for of

24 include includes
VII. For questions 56 - 65, complete each sentence with the correct form of a phrasal verb in the box.
Use each ONCE only. There are two extra phrasal verbs which you do not need to use.

drop out pull out fall out put forward pull up own up
fly at make up go off stand up to be over get down
56. None of the children would _own up_ to breaking the window.
57. She decided to _pull out of_ of the weight lifting competition because she sprained her wrist.
58. The Prime Minister will _put forward_ a new plan to reduce the budget deficit.
59. She __dropped out__ of university in the second year because it was too stressful.
60. When you are a student you must _get down_ to studying during exam time. If you don't concentrate hard you
will fail.
61. I wish you wouldn’t _fly at_ me like that every time I make a mistake.
62. The piece of equipment is very well made and _stands up to_ the roughest treatment. You won’t have any
trouble with it.
63. I am not friends with Beck any more. We have _fell out_.
64. I knew I _would be over_ the hill when I started needing glasses to read.
65. My son has _made up__ computer games. They are not as interesting as before.

VIII. For questions 66 - 75, read the text below. Use the word given in capital at the end of each line to
form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

For many people Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is the most (0) ……. 0. influential
figure in the history of western classical music. His (66) __extraordinary___
talent was already clearly evident as a young man, (67) _mercifully surviving a 66. ORDINARY
somewhat (68) __ unconventional__upbringing during which his eccentric 67. MERCY
father would often force him to take music lessons in the middle of the night. 68. CONVENTION
The young Beethoven's ability won him the admiration of the leading
contemporary musical figures. Throughout the 1790s he worked hard to secure
the interest of wealthy patrons. Such (69) _patronage__ enabled him to
concentrate on becoming a successful composer.
Whatever his awe-inspiring musical (70) _achievement_, however, his personal life
was something of a disaster. His day-to-day relationships with people (71) 69. PATRONISE
_invariably_ turned out to be rather (72) _turbulent_. Although he apparently
70. ACHIEVE
 fell in love with a number of society women, the identity of the girl who lay
closest to his heart remains (73)_elusive_ to this day. 71. VARY
However, just at the point when Beethoven was beginning to reap the rewards of his 72. TURBULENCE
early endeavours, he had to come to terms with the (74)_crushing _ realisation that
his increasing deafness was (75) _incurable_ . From that point on, his 73. ELUDE
music displayed a striking change in style, becoming both heavier in tone and
larger in scale.

74. CRUSH
75. CURE

PART C: READING COMPREHENSION

IX. For questions 76 - 85, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

I suffer from a debilitating condition called “procrastination” – the ability to put off endlessly the things
I have to do. Each morning when I wake up, my mind launches into its own decision-making (76)________.
Shall I get up or shall I press the snooze button? By the time I get to what I should wear, the complexity of the
decision would need an advisory committee to solve it. I’m ready hours behind (77)________, and I haven’t
even eaten my breakfast yet.

I have always been a procrastinator. I’m tortured by menus and holiday brochures, paint colour
(78)________ and satellite television. So much so that I decided to invest in a new book on the subject, which
(79) ________ it could treat my condition. According to the book, I should identify my weaknesses, then
become more productive and develop priorities that (80) ________ my personal goals.

My problem, I am told, is that I put off doing something because I (81) ________ the outcome. But
even filling in a tax form is rarely as dreadful as we think. Apparently, each day I should think of something I
don’t want to do, stick to it, then use a kitchen timer to (82) ________ how long it actually took. If I still can’t
(83) ________ the task, I should visualize newspaper headlines (84) ________ my achievement.

So when do I start my new (85) ________? That’s the big problem. I just can’t decide.

76. A. course B. process C. development D. case

77. A. timetable B. schedule C. programme D. communication
78. A. maps B. diagrams C. graphs D. charts
79. A. claimed B. demanded C. challenged D. pretended
80. A. exhibit B. imitate C. display D. reflect
81. A. expect B. fear C. worry D. panic
82. A. establish B. authorise C. secure D. institute
83. A. head B. back C. shoulder D. face
84. A. announcing B. notifying C. informing D. stating
85. A. structure B. control C. regime D. management

X. For questions 86 - 95, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
ONE word in each gap.

Football is traditionally a man’s sport, but now the women are muscling in on their act, or so it seems. So
many top male footballers have been transferred (86) _for_ astronomical sums of money that the game has
become more a high-powered business than a sport. This is (87) _where__ the women come in, more motivated,
more interested in the game rather than in promoting themselves and generally better behaved both (88) _on_
and off the pitch, (89) _make_ a strong contrast to (90) _any__ male counterparts’ greed and cynicism. Indeed,
according to FIFA, the world football governing body, the future of football belongs to women, and the
organization has (91)_set_ _ out to actively promote women’s football. Perhaps, in (92) _place__ of the fact
that women are half the world population, this is how it should be. In the USA, many members of national
women’s football teams are better known than male footballers, and some professional female players in both
North America and Europe have attracted lucrative sponsorship deals. Generally, two problems beset women’s
football: the need to be taken more seriously and for more funding to be made available. (93) _Although__
these have been achieved (94) _move_ with the blessing of FIFA, we should see footballers who are accessible,
cooperative, decent and supporting in (95)_lieu _ of the spoiled mercenary star boys of sport.

XI. For question 96 – 105, read the passage and answer all of the questions about them.
The Underground Railroad
Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, particularly the southern states of the
United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the labor of slaves, most of whom came
from Africa. Slaves had no rights or freedoms because they were thought of as property. From the time of its
origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist movement began in the 1600s when the Quakers in
Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral grounds and wanted to abolish the institution.
In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and declared that any escaped slaves who came to Canada
would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states; however, slaves captured there by
slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada refused to return runaway slaves or to allow
American slave hunters into the country. It is estimated that more than 30,000 runaway slaves immigrated to
Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region between 1830 and 1865.
The American antislavery movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800’s, when abolitionists
developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system whereby runaway slaves were passed from
safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada. The term was first used in the 1830s
and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took passage on it disappeared from public view as
if they had really gone to ground.” Because the Underground Railroad was so secret, few records exist that
would reveal the true number of people who traveled it to freedom. The most active routes on the railroad
were in Ohio, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania.
Runaway slaves usually traveled alone or in small groups. Most were young men between the ages of 16
and 35. The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in steamers and
on rafts. They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each night, using the
North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. Boys disguised themselves as girls, and
girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral
procession from Kentucky to Ohio.
The “railroad” developed its own language. The “trains” were the large farm wagons that could conceal and
carry a number of people. The “tracks” were the backcountry roads that were used to elude the slave hunters.
The “stations” were the homes and hiding places where the slaves were fed and cared for as they moved north.
The “agents” were the people who planned the escape routes. The “conductors” were the fearless men and
women who led the slaves toward freedom. The “passengers” were the slaves who dared to run away and break
for liberty. Passengers paid no fare and conductors received no pay.
The most daring conductor was Harriet Tubman, a former slave who dedicated her life to helping other
runaways. Tubman made 19 trips into the South to guide 300 relatives, friends, and strangers to freedom. She
was wanted dead or alive in the South, but she was never captured and never lost a passenger. A determined
worker, she carried a gun for protection and a supply of drugs to quiet the crying babies in her rescue parties.
A number of white people joined the effort, including Indiana banker Levi Coffin and his wife Catherine,
who hid runaway in their home, a “station” conveniently located on three main escape routes to Canada. People
could be hidden there for several weeks, recovering their strength and waiting until it was safe to continue on
their journey. Levi Coffin was called the “president of the Underground Railroad” because he helped as many
as 3,000 slaves to escape.
The people who worked on the railroad were breaking the law. Although the escape network was never as
successful or as well organized as Southerners thought, the few thousand slaves who made their way to freedom
in this way each year had a symbolic significance out of proportion to their actual numbers. The Underground
Railroad continued operating until slavery in the United States was finally abolished in 1865.
96. Why did thousands of runaway slaves immigrate to Canada?
A. They preferred the climate of the Great Lakes region.
B. Working conditions for slaves were better in Canada.
C. Canada had no laws restricting immigration.
D. Former slaves could live as free citizens in Canada.
97. The phrase The term in paragraph 3 refer to _________.
A. antislavery movement B. abolitionist
C. Underground Railroad D. free state
98. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The Underground Railroad kept secret records in which all of the passengers and trips were
documented.
B. Few people understood why the Underground Railroad would not reveal how many people chose to
travel in this way.
C. The Underground Railroad’s records were not accurate, so the true number of travelers is difficult to
estimate.
D. We do not know exactly how many slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad because it was a secret
organization.
99. The word fugitives in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. leaders B. old men C. runaways D. brave ones
100. All of the following are mentioned as methods of escape on the Underground Railroad EXCEPT
________.
A. hiding in a hay wagon B. wearing a disguise
C. finding in a railcar D. walking in a procession
101. The author discusses the language of the Underground Railroad in paragraph 5 in order to ________.
A. trace the history of American English words
B. illustrate the secret nature of the escape network
C. point out that some words have more than one meaning
D. compare the Underground Railroad to other railways
102. Which of the following statements is true about passengers on the Underground Railroad?
A. Their destination was in the northern states or Canada.
B They were not allowed to make stops during the journey.
C. Their babies were disguised to look like baggage.
D. They paid the conductors at the end of the journey.
103. Why was Harriet Tubman wanted dead or alive in the South?
A. She was a criminal who carried a gun and sold drugs.
B. She refused to return the runaway slaves that she captured.
C. She was an escaped slave who led others to freedom.
D. She became the president of the Underground Railroad.
104. It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that the author most likely believes which of the following about the
Underground Railroad?
A. The people who worked on the railroad should have been arrested.
B. The railroad was unsuccessful because it could not help every slave.
C. Southerners did not know about the railroad until after it closed.
D. The railroad represented a psychological victory for abolitionists.
105. Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D which indicate where the following
sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
Women and children also escaped, but they were more easily captured.
Runaway slaves usually traveled alone or in small groups. Most were young men between the ages of 16
and 35. A The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in steamers
and on rafts. B They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each night, using
the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. C Boys disguised themselves as girls,
and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral
procession from Kentucky to Ohio. D

XII. For question 106 – 115, read the passage and do the tasks that follow.

Therapeutic Jurisprudence
An Overview
Therapeutic jurisprudence is the study of the role of the law as a therapeutic agent. It examines the law's impact
on emotional life and on psychological well-being, and the therapeutic and antitherapeutic consequence of the law. It
is most applicable to the fields of mental health law, criminal law, juvenile law and family law.
The general aim of therapeutic jurisprudence is the humanising of the law and addressing the human,
emotional and psychological side of the legal process. It promotes the perspective that the law is a social force that
produces behaviours and consequences. Therapeutic jurisprudence strives to have laws made or applied in a more
therapeutic way so long as other values, such as justice and due process, can be fully respected. It is important to
recognise that therapeutic jurisprudence does not itself suggest that therapeutic goals should trump other goals. It
does not support paternalism or coercion by any means. It is simply a way of looking at the law in a richer way, and
then bringing to the table some areas and issues that previously have gone unnoticed. Therapeutic jurisprudence
simply suggests that we think about the therapeutic consequences of law and see if they can be factored into the
processes of law-making, lawyering, and judging.
The law can be divided into the following categories: (1) legal rules, (2) legal procedures, such as hearing and
trials and (3) the roles of legal actors-the behaviour of judges, lawyers, and of therapists acting in a legal context. Much
of what legal actors do has an impact on the psychological well-being or emotional life of persons affected by the law,
for example, in the dialogues that judges have with defendants or that lawyers have with clients. Therefore, therapeutic
jurisprudence is especially applicable to this third category.
Therapeutic jurisprudence is a relatively new phenomenon. In the early days of law, attitudes were very
different and efforts were focused primarily on what was wrong with various sorts of testimony. While there
were good reasons for that early emphasis, an exclusive focus on what is wrong, rather than also looking at
what is right and how these aspects could be further developed, is seriously short-sighted. Therapeutic
jurisprudence focuses attention on this previously under-appreciated aspect, encouraging us to look very hard
for promising developments, and to borrow from the behavioural science literature, even when this literature
has nothing obviously to do with the law. It encourages people to think creatively about how promising
developments from other fields might be brought into the legal system.
Recently, as a result of this multidisciplinary approach, certain kinds of rehabilitative programmes have
begun to emerge that look rather promising. One type of cognitive behaviour treatment encourages offenders
to prepare relapse prevention plans which require them to think through the chain of events that lead to
criminality. These reasoning and rehabilitation-type programmes teach offenders cognitive self-change, to stop
and think and figure out consequences, to anticipate high-risk situations, and to learn to avoid or to cope with
them. These programmes, so far, seem to be reasonably successful.
From therapeutic jurisprudence standpoint, the question is how these programmes might be brought into
the law. In one obvious sense, these problem-solving, reasoning and rehabilitation - type programmes can be made
widely available in correctional and community settings. A way of linking them even more to the law, of course,
would be to make them part of the legal process itself. The suggestion here is that if a judge or parole board become
familiar with these techniques and is about to consider someone for probation, the judge might say, "I'm going to
consider you but I want you to come up with a preliminary relapse prevention plan that we will use as a basis for
discussion. I want you to figure out why I should grant you probation and why I should be comfortable that you're
going to succeed. In order for me to feel comfortable, I need to know what you regard to be high-risk situations and
how you're going to avoid them or cope with them."
If that approach is followed, courts will be promoting cognitive self-change as part and parcel of the
sentencing process itself. The process may operate this way; an offender would make a statement like "I realise
I mess up on Friday nights; therefore, I propose that will stay at home on Friday nights." Suddenly, it is not a
judge imposing something on the offender. It's something that the offender has come up with him or herself,
so he or she should think it is fair. If a person has a voice in his rehabilitation, then he is more likely to feel a
commitment to it, and with that commitment, presumably, compliance will increase dramatically rehabilitation.

* Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
NOTES: Therapeutic Jurisprudence

Therapeutic jurisprudence: study of the law as a therapeutic agent and the therapeutic and (106)
_antitherapeutic_ consequences of the law.

Goal: the (107) _humanising_ of the law, but NOT at the expense of justice and due process.

Applicable to: especially applicable to the role of legal actors such as judges and lawyers.

Therapeutic jurisprudence = new attitude:

1/ It asks people to seek out (108) promosing_ developments, not problems.

2/ It urges people to think (109) _creatively_ and borrow from other fields.

* Complete the sentences. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
110. One aspect of cognitive behavioural treatment includes the preparation of _relapse prevention plans__ by
offenders.
111. The treatment requires offenders to consider _chain of events_ that lead to a crime being committed.
112. Treatment programmes encourage offenders to recognize _high-risk situations__ before they happen, and
know what to do in case they do happen.

* Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Write:
True if the statement agrees with the information
False if the statement contradicts the information
Not Given If there is no information in this
113. The use of rehabilitative programmes has been proved to greatly reduce the chance of a criminal re-
offending. NG
114. Therapeutic jurisprudence aims to make cognitive behavioural treatment a part of the legal process itself. T
115. Offenders might be encouraged by judges to take part in deciding what their punishment should be. F