ELEMENTS, COMPOUND AND MIXTURE

Pure Substances

 A sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical properties.

 Elements

 pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.

 Compounds

Pure substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.

 Made of elements in a specific ratio that is always the same

 Has a chemical formula

 Can only be separated by chemical means, not physically

Mixtures

 A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined.

 substances held together by physical forces, not chemical

 No chemical change takes place

 Each item retains its properties

in the mixture

 They can be separated physically

Mixtures can be

 Heterogeneous Mixture

- are those where the substances are not distributed evenly. They usually involve a
mixture of a solid in a solid.

 Homogeneous Mixture

- are those where the materials are evenly distributed throughout.

 ATOMS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Atom Nucleus Proton Neutron Electron

 WHAT IS AN ATOM?

o The smallest unit of an element.

o Consists of a central nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons.

 WHAT IS THE NUCLEUS?

o The central part of an atom.

o Composed of protons and neutrons.

o Contains most of an atom's mass.

 WHAT IS A PROTON?

o Positively charged particle.

o Found within an atomic nucleus.

 WHAT IS A NEUTRON?

o Uncharged particle.

o Found within an atomic nucleus.

 WHAT IS AN ELECTRON?

o Negatively charged particle.

o Located in shells that surround an atom's nucleus.

History of Periodic T.

1. The Periodic Table

ELEMENT

-An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.

The Ancient Greeks

In particular Empedocles 490 – 435 BCE, had the idea that there were four basic building blocks
(elements) from which everything was made:

• Naming the elements

• After a planet ….mercury, uranium

• European mythological figures….Titanium after the Titans

• After its colour…. Gold

• After a physical property… Bromine= bad smell

• After a country…. francium = France

• After yourself….?

• After a scientist… Es = Einsteinium

Newlands Octaves
• The problem is that after Calcium the pattern starts to break down.

• Although Newland had the right idea, some of the elements hadn’t been discovered yet and this
caused elements to be forced into the wrong group!