DUHOK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

TECHNICAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

POLLUTION LABORATORY

Name of student :
Group : A
Name of experiment : Alkalinity
Number of experiment : 4
Data of experiment : 16 -10-2019
Objective :
To determine the alkalinity of a given water sample by Titration
Method .

Introduction :
Alkalinity of a water is its acid neutralizing capacity. It is the sum
of all the titratable bases. Alkalinity is a measure of an aggregate
property of water and can be interpreted in terms of specific
substances only when the chemical composition of the sample is
known. Alkalinity is significant in many uses and treatments of
natural waters and waste waters. Because, the alkalinity of many
surface waters is primarily a function of carbonate, bicarbonate
and hydroxide content, it is taken as an indication of the
concentration of these constituents. Alkalinity in excess of
Alkaline earth metal concentrations is significant in determining
the suitability of a water for irrigation. Alkalinity measurements
are used in the interpretation and control of water and waste
water treatment processes. Raw domestic waste water has an
alkalinity less than or only slightly greater than that of the water.
Principal :
The alkalinity can be determinate by titrating water sample with
Sulphuric acid of known of value PH, Volume and concentration.
Based on stoichiometry of the reaction and number of moles of
Sulphuric acid need to reach the end point .

Apparatus requirement:
1-burette
2-pipettes
3-conical flask
4-measuring cylinder
5-standard
6-wash bottle
7-beakers

Chemical requirement:

1-standard sulphuric acid

2- methyl orange

3-distilled water

Procedure :
 1. Prepare 0.02 N of Sulfuric acid from 1 N of Sulfuric acid
2. Take the calculated Volume of Sulfuric acid with D.W until
it reaches 500 ml in Volumetric flask
3. Fill the Burette with sulfuric acid solution
4. Prepare 50 ml of Tap water with a few drops of Methyl
orange indicator in conical flask
5. Titrate the sample against Sulfuric acid solution until the
color changes from yellow to orange

6- Calculate
7-Prepare 0.05 N of Sodium carbonate with D.W until it
reaches 500 ml in Volumetric flask
8- Take 10 ml of sample and add a few drops of methyl
orange indicator
9- Titrate the sample against Sulfuric acid solution until the
color changes from yellow to orange

Calculation :
Discussion :
From the experiment, we had obtained the alkalinity
for the water . methyl orange indicator used to
determine the changes of the color of the water.
first we did titration to H2SO4 to sure the normality is
0.02 or no ,Titrate the sample against Sulfuric acid
solution until the color changes from yellow to orange.
then titration Few drops of methyl orange indicator
was added to tap water sample , we find volume and
we obtain normality water .
After the titration, we had calculated the total
alkalinity for samples by using the formula stated in
the result section.