BCM ARYA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SHASTRI NAGAR, LUDHIANA

MATHEMATICS WORKSHEET
Lines, Angles andConstructions
There are some basic definitions and properties of lines and angles in geometry. This topic
gives an overview of;
 Line Segment
 Ray
 Straight Line
 Angles
 Acute Angle
 Right Angle
 Obtuse Angle
 Straight Angle
 Reflex Angle
 Complementary Angles
 Supplementary Angles
 Adjacent Angles
 Linear Pair
 Vertically Opposite Angles
 Parallel lines
 Perpendicular lines
 Transversal lines
Line segment: A line segment has two end points with a definite length.

Ray: A ray has one end point and infinitely extends in one direction.

Straight line: A straight line has neither starting nor end point and is of infinite length.

Angle: An angle is formed when lines or line segments meet. The corners are formed when
two lines or line segments intersect at a point.

The angle is represented by the symbol “ ∠ “. The lines that form an angle are called
the sides or the arms of the angle. The common end point is called the vertex of the angle.

Acute angle: The angle that is between 0° and 90° is an acute angle, ∠A in the figure below.
Obtuse angle: The angle that is between 90° and 180° is an obtuse angle, ∠B as shown below.

Right angle: The angle that is 90° is a Right angle, ∠C as shown below.

Straight angle: The angle that is 180° is a straight angle, ∠AOB in the figure below.
Reflex angles: The angle that is a complete angle of 360° is a reflex angle. In the figure
below, ∠AOB+ ∠BOA= 360°
Supplementary angles:

In the figure above, ∠AOC + ∠COB = ∠AOB = 180°

If the sum of two angles is 180° then the angles are called supplementary angles.
Two right angles always supplement each other.
The pair of adjacent angles whose sum is a straight angle is called a linear pair.
Complementary angles:

∠COA + ∠AOB = 90°

If the sum of two angles is 90° then the two angles are called complementary angles.
Adjacent angles:
The angles that have a common arm and a common vertex are called adjacent angles.
In the figure above, ∠BOA and ∠AOC are adjacent angles. Their common arm is OA and
common vertex is ‘O’.
Vertically opposite angles:
When two lines intersect, the angles formed opposite to each other at the point of intersection
(vertex) are called vertically opposite angles.
In the figure above,
x and y are two intersecting lines.
∠A and ∠C make one pair of vertically opposite angles and
∠B and ∠D make another pair of vertically opposite angles.
Perpendicular lines: When there is a right angle between two lines, the lines are said to be
perpendicular to each other.

Here, the lines OA and OB are said to be perpendicular to each other.

Parallel lines:
Parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that is, two lines in a plane that do not
intersect or touch each other at any point are said to be parallel.

Here, A and B are two parallel lines, intersected by a line p.

Transversal lines: A line that cuts across two or more (usually parallel) lines. In the figure
above, the line p is a transversal. It cuts across the parallel lines A and B.
If it crosses the parallel lines at right angles it is called a perpendicular transversal.
When a transversal intersects two parallel lines,
1. The corresponding angles are equal.
2. The vertically opposite angles are equal.
3. The alternate interior angles are equal.
4. The alternate exterior angles are equal.
5. The pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is supplementary.

Questions for Practice

1. If the lines m and n are parallel to each other, then determine the angles ∠5 and ∠7.
2. If ∠A = 120° and ∠H = 60°. Determine if the lines are parallel.

3. If p and q are two lines parallel to each other and ∠E = 50°, find all the angles in the figure
below.

4. In the given figure, AOC is a line, find x.

5. In the given figure, intersect at O.

(a) Determine y, when x = 60°.

(b) Determine x, when y = 40°.

6. In the given figure, lines Ab, CD and EF intersect at O.

Find the measure of ∠AOC, ∠COF.

 7. The exterior angles obtained on producing the base of a triangle both ways are 100° and
120°. Find all the angles.
8. ΔABC is right angled at A and AL ┴ BC. Prove that ∠BAL = ∠ACD.
9. The angles of a triangle are arranged in ascending order of magnitude. If the difference
between two consecutive angles is 10°, find all the three angles.
10. Can a triangle have two obtuse angles? Give reason for your answer.

Constructing Angles of 60º, 120º, 30º and 90º

In this section, we will consider the construction of some angles with special sizes.
Constructing a 60º Angle

We know that the angles in an equilateral triangle are all 60º in size. This suggests that to
construct a 60º angle we need to construct an equilateral triangle as described below.
Step 1: Draw the arm PQ.
Step 2: Place the point of the compass at P and draw an arc that passes through Q.
Step 3: Place the point of the compass at Q and draw an arc that passes through P. Let this arc
cut the arc drawn in Step 2 at R.

Constructing a 30º Angle

We know that:

So, to construct an angle of 30º, first construct a 60º angle and then bisect it. Often, we apply the
following steps.
Step 1: Draw the arm PQ.
Step 2: Place the point of the compass at P and draw an arc that passes through Q.
Step 3: Place the point of the compass at Q and draw an arc that cuts the arc drawn in Step 2
at R.
Step 4: With the point of the compass still at Q, draw an arc near T as shown.
Step 5: With the point of the compass at R, draw an arc to cut the arc drawn in Step 4 at T.
Step 6: Join T to P. The angle QPT is 30º.
Constructing a 120º Angle

We know that:

This means that 120º is the supplement of 60º. Therefore, to construct a 120º angle, construct a
60º angle and then extend one of its arms as shown below.

Constructing a 90º Angle

We can construct a 90º angle either by bisecting a straight angle or using the following steps.
Step 1: Draw the arm PA.
Step 2: Place the point of the compass at P and draw an arc that cuts the arm at Q.
Step 3: Place the point of the compass at Q and draw an arc of radius PQ that cuts the arc
drawn in Step 2 at R.
Step 4: With the point of the compass at R, draw an arc of radius PQ to cut the arc drawn in
Step 2 at S.
Step 5: With the point of the compass still at R, draw another arc of radius PQ near T as shown.
Step 6: With the point of the compass at S, draw an arc of radius PQ to cut the arc drawn in
step 5 at T.
Step 7: Join T to P. The angle APT is 90º.
Questions for practice
 Use your straight edges and compass for the following questions.

1. Construct a ∆ABC where AB = 7.2 cm, BC = 4.1 cm and AC = 3.9 cm. Measure ∠A.
2. Construct a ∆BAT such that BA = 4.9 cm,∠ BAT = 60° and AT = 3.8 cm. Measure
∠ATB. How many such triangles with such specifications can you draw?
3. Construct a APQR such that ZP = 135°, ZQ = 75° and PQ =5cm. Draw a ABOW in
which ZB = 135°, BO = 7.7 cm and ZW = 30°.
4. Construct a∆ XYZ in which XY = 3.2 cm, YZ = 4.5 cm and ∠Y = 30°. Draw its circum-
circle.
5. Construct a ∆PQR such that PQ = 6.8 cm, QR = 4.8 cm and ∠Q = 120°. Draw its in-
circle.
6. Construct a ∆PQR right-angled at P such that PQ = 4.3 cm and PR = 8.9 cm.
7. Construct an equilateral triangle ABC such that AB = 4.5 cm. Draw the perpendicular
bisector of each side.
8. Construct an isosceles triangle ABC whose equal sides AB and AC measure 5.3 cm
each and the vertical angle is 15°. Measure the base angles also.
9. Construct a right-angled triangle PQR such that QR = 4.1 cm, ZP = 45°, ∠Q = 90°.
Measure PQ and PR.
10.Draw a circle with radius 5.2 cm and draw a chord XY. Construct the perpendicular
bisector of XY.
11.Construct a circle with radius PQ = 4.2 cm where P is the centre. Construct a tangent of
4 cm at Q. Also draw a perpendicular bisector of the diameter.
12.Construct the in-circle of an equilateral triangle whose sides are 4.2 cm.
13.Construct a ∆XYZ where XY = 5.2 cm, YZ = 4.3 cm and ZX = 6 cm. Construct a circle
passing through X, Y and Z.
 14.Draw the angle bisector of 120o.
15.Draw an angle bisector of 75o.
16.Construct a right angled triangle and draw the angle bisector of right angle.
17.Draw the circles of following radii
a) Radius 6cm
b) Diameter 7.6 cm
c) Radius 4.3 cm
d) Radius 6 cm
e) Diameter 11.6 cm
18.Use your straight edges and compass to construct the following shapes inside the circles of
radii mentioned in question no. 14
a) A square
b) An equilateral triangle
c) A regular hexagon
d) A regular octagon
e) A regular pentagon.
19. Draw a perpendicular bisector of a line AB of length 12.4 cm.
20. Draw a perpendicular bisector of a line XY of length 15.8 cm.

COMPILED BY: Mrs. YASHITA JAIN H.O.D.: Mrs. KANUPREET KAUR