The implementation of the biometric based attendance system constrained by our scope and

objectives was successfully achieved using the waterfall approach through the help of my
supervisor and expert advice. We built a handheld device which was controlled by the
ATMega1284p microcontroller, the program for the microcontroller was written in embedded
programming.

An Application software (backs up the attendance in database) which was built using python3
programming language in atom editor using MySQL as the database management system. It was
indeed a challenging project and we believe it will enhance the education standard of not only
Electronics and computer engineering but also Nnamdi Azikiwe University for properly
maintained and utilized.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study

The recent attendance System in institutions has proved to have failed to achieve its major
purpose which was to ensure that the right statistics of students that attended the class can be
taken. The major reason for its failure among its short-comings is the ability for a student to sign
in for another student. Many educational institutions are trying to identify accurate, safe, and
reliable techniques to protect access rights to their existing services or operation. Finger print
based attendance system is an answer to these concerns.

Biometrics, especially in information technology, encompasses methods to analyze physical and

behavioral identities to extract unique features for identification or monitoring purposes. Various
physical features including faces, eyes, fingers, hands, veins, ears and teeth can be used by this
technology, and characteristics such as gaits or voice patterns are still being investigated and
analyzed as part of the wider biometrics field. Biometrics offers secure methods of access to
sensitive services and obviates the need to carry a token, card, remember several passwords.
Biometric techniques also reduce the risk of lost, forgotten or copied passwords, stolen tokens or
over the shoulder attacks, yet despite all this obvious advantages there is still one major reasons
why it has not been implemented in many organizations which is that the biometric technique is
expensive and the level of standardization differs within systems, numerous health hazards,
requirement for a specialist analytical software and availability of machines with the computing
power to run it. Fingerprint identification is one of the most well-known and common Biometric
identification system, Because of their uniqueness and consistency over time, finger print has
been used for identification for many years, more recently becoming automated due to
advancement in computing capabilities. The fingerprint system seems to be the most cost
effective and easy to use among all of the biometric system with no health side effects. [25].

Fingerprint authentication has been verified through various applications. In 1924, Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is already known to have maintained more than 250 million civil
files of fingerprints for the purpose of criminal investigation and the identification of unknown
casualties. It now is being used in numerous field including financial, medical, e-commerce and
customer application as a secure and effective authentication method [l].

1.2 Problem statement

Survey and analysis of the current attendance methods has shown that the majority of lecturers
use a paper-based attendance method to keep attendance in Nnamdi Azikiwe University.

Problems that have been discovered with the paper-based registers are

Paper based registers are not uploaded to a centralized system, so the data is lost for analysis.

Time Taken for data collection impacts on lecturing time.

The system can be fooled by students’ buddy-signing in other to ensure that their friends scale
through the 75% attendance benchmark.

Consequently, this project proposes Fingerprint recognition as a method to overcome these

problems in Nnamdi Azikiwe University.

1.3 Aim and Objective

The aim of designing and implementing a Biometric system is to provide a handheld device and
also provide an application which has a database that the fingerprint data can be backed up with.

The specific objectives are:

To design and implement Student’s Attendance System using Fingerprint Technology.

The first objective is to develop the Student’s Attendance System. This system will integrate
with the fingerprint technology. This system will record the attendance of the students in class.
This system also will provide the facilities to the faculty to access the information of the students
easily.

To be able to back up the regular attendance in the database and query it effectively

To be able to print out those who passed the 75% attendance benchmark

To compare efficiency between the proposed system and the manual system.

With this system, lecturer can record the attendance of their students in class easily. They also do
not have to count the percentage of every student at the end of the semester.

As a user, students can motivate themselves to be more discipline and punctual.

Research area

The implementation will be in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, we will be using the various levels
of students in electronics and computer engineering department

Technology

The hardware that will be used for this project is a handheld device that consists of fingerprint
module, keypad, Liquid crystal display (LCD), a timer, an ATMega 1284p microcontroller and a
serial connector that connects the hardware to the system. And the software is going to be built
with Python3 and the MySQL Server and will work effectively on any operating system
(Windows, Linux, Mac etc.).
1.5 Justification of Project

The significance must be considered in every proposed system to ensure that the proposed
system will provide more benefit to all parties especially the faculty. For this project, the
significance has been identified. The significance can be categorized into 3 groups. There are:

1.6 Outline of the Project

Next

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Record Keeping is the process of collecting, inputting, storing, classifying, summarizing

and interpreting data. Record keeping has two facets – financial record keeping and
managerial record keeping. The basic purpose of financial record is to assist decision
makers in evaluating the financial strength, profitability and future prospects of a
business. Managerial record keeping in contrast is tailored to the needs of a particular
company. It helps the executives to measure success in carrying out their plans, to
identify problems requiring executive attention and to attain company objectives. The
purpose of record keeping is to produce financial statement about a business entity.
Therefore in this study, we narrowed down to the record keeping system as been
practiced by the institution. Nearly all the tasks manually performed by man some years
back can now be done in matter of seconds with computer technology. Since the
invention of the “wonder machine”, there has been a change from the manual way of
carrying out certain tasks to a faster and more reliable computerized method.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The business centre of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu was established with the
institution in January 21, 2005. Justifiably, the business centre of Caritas University
have the problem of keeping adequate record of financial transactions, workers file and
managerial documents accrued by the purpose of planning, accuracy, timely data
processing and security. They do this in manual means with its associated problems of
insecurity, high cost of operation and long period of time used for processing data. The
design and development of computerized record keeping system in the business centre
will no doubt bring about immeasurable relief from the problems associated with manual
system of record keeping. Therefore, the study is aimed at producing an efficient
computer software package that can handle the record keeping system of the business
centre.

1.2 STSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Business administration of Fidei poly is to an extent manually operated. The recording
of staffs employed, students admitted and their activities are done manually in a book,
which looks/appears rough. Thus, the books or files are exposed to physical damage by
ants and pests, accumulation of dust particles; this makes the contents to be lost,
misplaced or even altered. The long queue of students waiting to be attended to, on
daily basis, the fatigue, time wasting in daily reports of accounts to the management can
be reduced or even eliminated with the introduction of the proposed system.

1.3 PPPURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to develop software that can be used in keeping records of
staffs and students received with its activities. Also to promote efficient and quality of
services to individuals

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is primarily aimed at computerizing the manual system of record keeping as
used in the business division of Fidei poly. It will help in a good number of ways to ease
the queuing method in the business centre.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The major objectives of this study is aimed at developing an automated record keeping
system others include

i. To save time (fast inputting and accessing of records)

ii. To enable the management to plan ahead

iii. To reduce fatigue of the staff

iv. To ensure accuracy in the records

v. To ensure safety of the documents/records, because the system will be pass-

worded to reduce access.

vi. To ensure integrity of the records

vii. To ensure consistency of accounts and reduction of error due to damage

viii. To reduce forgery and loss of records by theft

ix. To promote efficient and quality services

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers the polytechnic as a whole and users from outside the
community

Though, the scope is in such a way that the study can be carried out in one and only
way that is computerizing the employee. This will help to modernized the inherent
problems encountered by the staff of this organization

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This research work thou is automated record system is still limited and dependent on
human operation and manipulation in other to perform its work effectively.

Also this research work is limited to power supply as it happens to be the only source of
energy therefore without power holding the system cannot work.

Finally this research work is constrain and limited to computer literate those who can
operate a computer system effectively and its operation therefore a computer illiterate
can not make use of this research work as expected.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Automation: This is the use of control system such as computer to control and process
data, reducing the need for human intervention

Database: This refers to a large store of related data on a computer that can be access
and modified by the user.

Record: is a document made or received in the course of a practical activity as an

instrument or a by-product of such activity, and set aside for action or reference.

Password: This is a secret code that a user must type into a computer to enable him
access it or its applications. This is made up of numbers, letter, special character or a
combination of any of the above categories.

Record System: The act of using a computer system to store and update
information/data sequentially in order to keep file security.

Computerized: To convert a based system to start using a computer system to control,

organize and automate something.

DataEntry: This is the standard input device through which the system gets more of the
instructions and commands

Research: A careful study of something, especially to discover new facts or information

about it.
System: Set of computer component (that is, the assembling of hardware, software and
peripherals to function together.
KEY WORDS: smart schools, educational system, information and communication
technology.
1. Introduction
One of the achievements of information technology and communication is Smart
Schools Creation that in the following we will refer to it. Concept Definition: The smart
school is a school that is designed to create teaching learning environment and improve
school management system and training inquiring students
The smart School is a physical school that control and management of it is based on
computer and network technology and the content of its courses is electronic and its
evaluation and monitoring system is intelligent.
In this school, a smart student with spending time on subjects in a continuous and
auditory way is up to 6 months.
Also in The visual - auditory content, scientific contents change and develop in the
attractive environment and operational capabilities. And this point is to allow school
officials to replace Blackboard and traditional homework
With computer and CD in smart schools. Students can use the Internet and get
information about any topic they want. In this system, both teachers and students
present electronic and course content in CD format.
Education is not special for teacher in smart schools, but teaching and learning is highly
interactive and students have a fundamental role in learning science topics. In Smart
schools, using the electronic content teachers cause to improve learning and are saving
time and students have the opportunity to reveal their ability and create content.
In these schools, success is achievable and the amount of it depends on trying and
follow-up and correct guidance and directional. In this method, the spirit of research is
replaced with Spirit Causeless of students.
facilities are only a means
In Smart schools, teachers can work in schools rather than try to find own answers for
students questions, they want them that find answer of questions on the computer and
tell them to others. Smart School is a school of education systems with modern
technologies and smart-looking digital part to speed the process of teaching, learning
and improving management of the system that is fully then human of the information
age capable to processing and category and make optimal use of technical-date
knowledge for finding the wide range of talent and creativity
Smart schools are schools that have developed based on the foundations of modern
information and communication technologies. Students have a physical presence and
its difference with the virtual school that is usually called a remote schools, , smart
school are different from the virtual school.
Smart School's teachers should not be experts in the field of IT, so they should be
aware of the school system and be able to use its features goodly. For example, a good
teacher must know where the type of resources is in schools and help to goal resources
when the students have raised questions. This School is a physical school that its
control and management are be based on computer and network technology and the
content of its courses is electronic and its monitoring and evaluation system is
intelligent.
Smart school "student - based," and the teacher's role is Navigator. Students on school
can access the available resources or external resources in information networks and
are free to use them for their lessons. Student uses two types of content: the electronic
content and the content that the teacher produces. Parent's relationship with the school
is "online", and by connecting "modem" to a central computer at school, they have the
possibility that find connections with the school principal or teachers and be aware of
your child's education status. School database should be compatible with world
standards. The school library is an electronic library and student can use it online.
Dialogue, discussion and Q & A simultaneous and asynchronous Environments are
active in school and with increasing the level of information of students, they are
prepared to get new information.
Schools as an educational organization
3. Strategy and policy
Emphasis on thinking skills
Teaching values and language through education
Provide teaching-learning environments
Provide a variety of training methods for different talents
Awareness to parents about what is happened in the school
Provide opportunities for collaboration with the school
Components of the Smart School
Teaching-learning environment
This area is being covered four areas:
3.1. Curriculum
Principles governing in this school's curriculum is as follows:
Designing to help students for a comprehensive and balanced developing
Integrating Students for all-round and balanced developing
Integrating knowledge and skills through curriculum (with the project activities related
to content)
Order and continuity in education
Make appropriate attitudes in the use of technology
All students' accessing to appropriate educational
3.2. Teaching Method
Teaching Method will be student-centered in this school. Governing Principles on the
teaching method is as follows:
Provide compound of learning methods to ensure holistic development of student's
talent and abilities.
Provide a variety of training methods to enhance learning,
 Control The class with different teaching - learning ways
Also with regard to student-centered schools in smart school, the role of student is more
important, so:
In determining the educational goals, student shapes them with the guidance of their
teacher.
In determining the educational duties, student's tasks are determined with offering of
teacher.
In choosing resources, student considers the self-resources and takes opinion from
teachers about them.
Assessment of some subjects in school is smart and intelligent and others course is not
smart based on the
type of course.
The characteristics of evaluation in school are integrity, running in various forms,
multiple choice methods,
timeliness, student-centered and continuity. The area of assessment in Smart School is
comprehensive and In
addition final evaluation; it includes two preparation and development.
3.4. Content
Overall content are based on the four main indicators: High quality, educational quality,
attractiveness and
compliance with curriculum.
Management:
.He/she supports needed Commands and resources for teaching- Learning environment
Individual responsibility and the needed skills
In this role, the role of the students' teacher, manager, and their parents will change and
they will play an
effective role with abilities and knowledge in school.
4. Technology
Make a teaching-learning environment management and external communications will
require technologybased
solutions.
In addition to this document, Education Organization of Tehran, Iran has developed an
executive program of
"The Smart School Project" at the beginning of 2002 for implementation in this school
and has given to schools.
In this document, requirements of schools for stating and run projects has been
determined in four sectors:
infrastructure (LAN, Internet connection and hardware), software (Web, learning
management systems, electronic
content, other e-learning software, school automation systems), training for four groups
of learners including: staff
management, teaching group, students and parents), and staffing.
Also Staging and preparation of the project's plan is done in five stages: "plan",
"mobilization", "training",
"application" and "assessment" and described briefly and at the end of this document,
the cost of implementing
project, has been analyzed.
Reading activities in schools to pilot smart schools
Enforcement group was notified of their views about running the annual plan with
presence in pilot schools
and interviews with administrators, teachers and students.
The major activities of the school relate to the needed infrastructure in building project.
These activities
include: hardware equipment and make network facilities, providing software and
training. The school is equipped
with an internal network system, content production room, a computer site, and some
classrooms equipped with
computer systems and video projectors for education requirements.
Also the content of educational creation activities is done with training classes and
encourage teachers and
students in these schools. Some schools have signed a contract to build software and
dynamic web site with private
companies, that the above items are being completed. Characteristics of a smart school
in school officials' view can
be summarized in the following options:
Training space as a physical space
Training and education in face communication
Provide All communications based on the network and electronic (office and
educational relations)
Change education base to Research based
Do research activities in the team
Use automation system in various parts of the school
E-Learning facilities (Demand on school and region)
Increase Speed of learning with ICT
Create Knowledge in schools
Problems and challenges posed by school authorities
4.1. Laws
Laws and regulations related to the final tests and exams should be changed to suit with
the ruling ideology
of the smart schools. Also there aren't certain rules for defining the position of Smart
schools.
This problem causes numerous problems in the school. For example, teacher does not
oblige to create
multimedia content, and if a teacher does it based on a personal interest, there is not a
legal content for paid and
financial compensation.
4.2. Content
Content of the current education it does not fit with goals of smart schools that are
student-based. Presenting
traditional courses with new methods cannot change in the student training course if the
goals of student are
6252
Soltani, 2012
developing in favorite subjects. attention to the same content, that goal will not be
available, also there is not a the
clear field and consistent definition of research which it cause fading one of such
schools goals to establish that is
important.
c
6. Conclusion
One of the most important features of today is the growing momentum of scientific,
technological, social
developments and etc in it. When the only stability event is the change and instability,
human societies and
organizations are inevitable to create dynamic and constructive developments because
of access to new trends in the
future, according to Toffler, " only using innovative of change is for its direction, which
can be spared the shock of
the injury and to achieve a better future and more human. In other hand, almost all
societies, the Institute of
Education is expected to play in the transmission of culture and ancient methods of
value to future generations, is a
6253
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(6)6250-6254, 2012
source of social change and innovation as its mission the education of the main
infrastructure personalities and
social attitudes in this way it creates and the effort and seriousness to the conventional
practice, the expectation of
innovation in society will be easier. This means that the education system should be
able to coordinate well with the
changes and developments in society and the future changes and predict changes in
order to create favorable
developments in the future, the direction.
one approach that could be helpful to answer the needs of educational systems and
today in many developing
countries is being implemented, or being implemented, the use of ICT in educational
systems and consequently the
establishment and development of smart schools. These schools actually invented a
new concept and philosophy of
education and the abandonment of the traditional series of inhibitors; they try to use
information technology to
provide training. Effective education requires that students play new roles in these
schools, so that are information
seekers. So they can evaluate about the value of information is available on the internet
for them. In such
circumstances, the role of teacher will change from knowledge and skills transformer to
the facilitator learning
process, so they should also try that students gain the confidence, strategies and
management information and skills
in order to the necessary negation that they can run and use tools of technology in life
and work successfully.
As was mentioned, like any other educational innovation in the education, there are
barriers for establishment
and development of these schools that the major ones are structural and cultural
problems.In the last 50 years, many
changes have done in human life, if you have a look around yourself, you can see that.
But unfortunately classrooms
have not changed from 50 years ago and the training is done with blackboard.
If the authorities and the custodians, teachers and people who repeat these traditional
practices has been
completed, it is not acceptable if it was not new methods, because the foundation of
"change" and "make change"
readiness and interest to accept it, otherwise it will not necessarily change, along with
the results predicted, and the
people associated with the strength and defensive modes. Therefore, for effective
utilization of information
technology, especially in developing approaches to improve the training needs, review
of educational policies,
reorganize the content, improvement of human resources, curriculum design and
development of effective measures
to provide for the cultural symbiosis with technology are new.
7. References
1. Toffler, Alvin (1994) Future Shock, translated by Heshmatollah Kemrani.
2. Thomas, Jean (1990) Global Issues of Education, translated by Ahmad Aghazadeh.
3. Saatchi, Mahmoud (1997), Applied Psychology for Managers.
4. Solymani, Ameneh (2003), six of technological learning in communities (technology),
URL: http://raha503.persianblog.ir/post/13
5. Tusi, Mohammad Ali (1996), Journal of Management Education.
6. Majidi, Ardavan (2001) the top system.
7. Mashayekhi, Farideh (2000), new perspectives in educational planning.
8. Niknami, Mustafa (1998), supervising and guiding training.
6254
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An Examination of the Concept of Smart School: An Innovation to Address

Sustainability

Article (PDF Available) · July 2013 with 5,092 Reads

DOI: 10.2991/cse.2013.73
Cite this publication

Siavash Omidinia

o 4.27
o Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Maslin Masrom

o 19.86
o Universiti Teknologi Malaysia


 Harihoddin Selamat

o 7.52
o Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Abstract
The smart school is a technology-based teaching learning institution for preparing
children for the Information Age. To achieve smarts schools educational objectives,
these teaching and learning concepts should be covered: curricular, pedagogy,
assessment and teaching-learning materials. Information and communication
technology (ICT), as second pillar of smart school, plays many roles in a smart school,
from facilitating teaching and learning activities to assisting with school management.
For instance, some of technologies which can equip a smart school might be
classrooms with multimedia courseware and presentation facilities, computer laboratory
for teaching, multimedia development center and server room equipped to handle
applications, management databases, and web servers. Although in recent years some
efforts have been done for developing smart schools, there is not a pre-defined and an
efficient solution for establishing ICT environment for smart schools. The main objective
of this research is to examine pertinent aspects of smart school’s concept, namely
matters pertaining to teacher training, information technology (IT) infrastructure, and
curriculum design to ensure that the innovation can successfully nurture a workforce
prepared to meet the challenges of the ICT era.
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An Examination of the Concept of Smart School: An Innovation to Address

Sustainability
Siavash Omidinia
Faculty of Computer Science and
Information System
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Skudai, Johor, MALAYSIA
Siavash_omidinia@yahoo.com
Maslin Masrom
UTM Razak School of Engineering and
Advanced Technology
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Jalan Semarak 54100
Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
maslin@ic.utm.my
Harihodin Selamat
UTM Advanced Informatics School
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Jalan Semarak, 54100
Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
harihodin@ic.utm.my

Abstract—The smart school is a technology-based teaching-

learning institution for preparing children for the Information
Age. To achieve smarts schools educational objectives, these
teaching and learning concepts should be covered: curricular,
pedagogy, assessment and teaching-learning materials.
Information and communication technology (ICT), as second
pillar of smart school, plays many roles in a smart school, from
facilitating teaching and learning activities to assisting with
school management. For instance, some of technologies which
can equip a smart school might be classrooms with multimedia
courseware and presentation facilities, computer laboratory
for teaching, multimedia development center and server room
equipped to handle applications, management databases, and
web servers. Although in recent years some efforts have been
done for developing smart schools, there is not a pre-defined
and an efficient solution for establishing ICT environment for
smart schools. The main objective of this research is to
examine pertinent aspects of smart school’s concept, namely
matters pertaining to teacher training, information technology
(IT) infrastructure, and curriculum design to ensure that the
innovation can successfully nurture a workforce prepared to
meet the challenges of the ICT era.
Keywords: Smart School, E-Learning, ICT Infrastructure
I. INTRODUCTION
In our view, one of the important programs for using
information technology and communication (ICT) is smart
school. This reality was investigated through some
observation in ministry of education. Although there are few
efforts to implement smart school in private and public
sector, it was realized these efforts uses different information
technology infrastructure (platform), ideas and teaching
material. In order to encourage for successful development
of smart school, an ICT infrastructure framework should be
developed. On the other hand, successful practice of
Malaysia in development of smart school has led us to
investigate and analyze Malaysian smart schools’
achievement. We observe and document success factors of
smart school in Malaysia whereby this will help us to
develop an ICT infrastructure framework for smart school.
This research reviews four pillars of smart school including
people, education material, technology and process. Main
concepts of smart school are then identified [1].
II. E-LEARNING
E-Learning can be described as the use of ICT in learning
process. Various tools and technologies including e-mail,
internet, video streaming and virtual classrooms can be
applied for this purpose. For example, one of the concerns of
e-Learning in context of a learner is to connect him/her to a
network in order to access course materials. This also will
supported be by other tools like course management system
and virtual classrooms. Andersson and Grönlund [2] had
analyzed several related papers regard to e-learning
activities in different developing countries and finally they
developed a conceptual framework for e-learning as shown
in Table 1.
Table 1: Conceptual Framework for Challenges of E-learning
(Andersson & Grönlund, 2009)

Categories Subgroup Challenges

Motivation
Individual Student
Conflicting priorities
Economy
Academic confidence
Technological confidence
Social support employers
Gender
Age
Technological confidence
Teacher
Motivation and commitment
Qualification and competence
Time
Course Course
Design
Curriculum
Pedagogical model
Subject content
Teaching and learning activities
Localization
Flexibility
Support
Support for students from faculty

provided
Support for faculty
Contextual Organizatio
Knowledge management

nal
Economy and funding
Training of teachers and staff
Social
Role of teacher and student

/Cultural
Attitudes on e-learning and IT
Rules and regulations
Technological Access
Cost
Software and interface design
Localization
2nd International Conference on Advances in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE 2013)
© 2013. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press
326

Developing countries will benefit e-learning if they think

for innovative ways to deliver online content on the national
backbone.
III. SMART SCHOOL REQUIREMENTS
The smart school is a technology-based teaching-learning
institution for preparing children with the effective
functionality of smart school which requires skilled staff, and
well-designed teaching, learning and supporting processes
[3]. It encourages active thinking process while its’
environment motivates students to use personal computers
(PCs), the internet and intranets as research and
communication tools. Students are able to access online
libraries, use electronic mail (e-mail) or combination of
desktop video-conferencing and chat rooms for doing
tutorials [4].
The idea of the smart school is defined to revolutionize
the education system through development of a holistic
approach that concerns on making value based education
available to anyone, anytime and anywhere. Implementing
smart schools successfully will be a complex task, requiring
changes teaching-learning processes; management functions;
people, skills and responsibilities; and technology.

Figure 1: Proposed Framework

IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF MALAYSIAN SMART
SCHOOL
With regard to above discussion, the researchers then
analyzed the implementation of Malaysian smart schools. In
order to achieve this objective, several documents and
reports of Malaysian smart school activities have been
studied. The researchers have conducted several case studies
on smart schools in Malaysia. This section provided a
summary on efforts and achievements of Malaysia in smart
school development through fifteen years [5]. The smart
school is planned to achieve the following objectives:
To produce a thinking and technology literate workforce.
To develop a workforce for the information age.
To develop students physically, mentally, emotionally
and spiritually.
To provide opportunities to improve individual strengths
and abilities.
To democratize education.
Successful transformation of traditional schools into
smart schools requires:
support different stakeholders including educational
agencies;
sufficient funds to establish and maintain smart schools;
appropriate guidelines for supporting the schools;
effective and efficient administrative for schools;
sufficient deployment of information technology in smart
schools;
Besides technology, teaching-learning strategies,
management and administrative processes, and well-trained
people are the requirements of smart school. Consequently, a
nation-wide system of smart schools will depend on
advanced IT at national level. The role of IT in a smart
school includes facilitating teaching and learning activities
and assisting school management [6]. Fully equipped smart
school might include the following:
Classrooms with multimedia courseware and
presentation facilities.
Media center for multimedia courseware presentation.
Network resources like internet.
Computer laboratory for teaching courses such as
Computer Studies.
Multimedia development center for creating teaching
materials.
Studio/Theatre for centralized teaching and
videoconferencing.
Teachers’ room with online access to courseware
catalogues and databases, information and resource
management systems.
Administration offices for managing students’ data and
facilities for tracking student and teacher performance or
resources.
Server room to handle applications, management
databases, and web servers; provide security.
The Learning Systems Technology Architecture (LTSA)
is an architecture that is developed by LST committee of
IEEE in 2003. This standard specifies a high-level
architecture for information technology-supported learning,
education, and training systems that describes the high-level
system design and the components of these systems [7].
V. FOUR LESSONS TO LEAD AND PUT THE SMART SCHOOL
ON THE RIGHT TRACK
A. Lesson 1: Structure of the Smart Schools
In terms of the effective individuals in the smart schools,
the key questions as follows:
i. What are the roles and responsibilities of the
individuals?
ii. What knowledge and skills are required?
iii. What kind of education is required?
The Effective Roles in the Progression of the objectives
of the smart schools are as follows: the teachers, the
managers, the support staff and other educational staff, the
327

parents and the community. Each group of these people has

got specific roles for fulfilling the idea of the smart schools
totally and in order to do their duties, they must be experts in
the knowledge, culture and specific skill. However, these
knowledge, skills and behaviors are fulfilled via the
comprehensive educational courses for each group as the
members of the project(Zigler et al., 2011)[8]. In continue,
the contents of the educational suggested programs are
explained for the beneficiaries of the school.
B. Lesson 2: Student
The smart school prepares the students to enter a more
modern and worldwide environment successfully. The smart
schools nourish the creative problem-solving skills in the
new situations and the students are taught to have dare and
courage in their decision-making and the responsibility
assumptions., and for guaranteeing technical support and
facility maintenance [9].
The students will be capable of undergoing an
informational journey all around the world, search for the
information and collect them. Other than having access to the
resources inside of the websites, they will have access to the
national and international resource centers via tools such as
Internet and intranet. Other than having access to database,
the smart school provides a network for interaction with the
students, the teachers and people all around the world and
eventually leads to the expansion of the students’ world via
these communications.
C. Lesson 3: Teacher
The teachers in the smart schools play the role of a guide.
The teacher’s training is the most important activity that
must be done in the beginning of the smart schools. [10]The
teachers are considered the first presenters of knowledge.
The continuous learning is considered as a career necessity
for all the members of the smart community, so that they
progress along with the improvements in the professional
activities and trust the technology(Sang et al., 2010). We
must be careful in selecting the teachers of the smart schools,
so that to be regarding to designing of the educational
processes in the smart schools [11].
The roles and the responsibilities of the teacher in the
smart schools are as following:
• The planning and the provision of the teaching affairs and
designing the educational contents and resources
proportional to the needs of the students
• The management of the educational technology and
controlling the procedures in the classroom
• Verification of the professional duties in the teaching and
learning environment and a constructive communication
with the colleagues and the parents
• Offering an effective education and creating motivation in
the students and the assessment of their learning in all of
the educational periods.
• Using the technology in the education matters properly
D. Lesson 4: Management
The main pillars of the educational programs of the
management of the smart school are as follows:
• The concepts, the processes, structure and how to evolve
and change the smart schools
• The planning methods, organization and controlling
• The assessment of the technology, the analysis of the
potentials and the
• The basic skills of the information and communication
• Working with the management software
• The methods for evaluating the efficiency of the school
and staff [12].
• The basic skills of IT and getting familiar with ICDL
(word-power point)
• The education of working with the controlling systems
• The education of using the side systems such as camera
and audio systems
VI. SMART SCHOOLS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
As mentioned earlier, the concept of a smart school is
still a work in progress and hence, the evolutionary
refinement reflects the advances in pedagogy and
improvement in IT. Equally, sustainable development is an
evolving and dynamic concept in terms of its conceptual
definition. Accordingly, this paper adopts the view
advocated by the World Commission on Environment and
Development [13] on the description of sustainable
development: “Sustainable development is development that
meets the needs of the present without compromising [or,
impairing] the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs [or, to enjoy similar, if not better, quality of life
and opportunity as ours]” (p.43).
Sustainable development is generally perceived as an
overlapping of dimensions or components, namely
environment, cultural and society, and economy [14]. These
three dimensions are thought to operate, metaphorically, as
three overlapping same-sized circles with the overlapping
area being perceived as the human well-being. The more
aligned the three dimensions are, the higher the area of
overlapping which, in turn, translates to higher levels of
human well-being. The corollary that stems from this
metaphorical perception on sustainable development is that
a balanced, harmonious, symbiotically interdependent, and
aligned consideration of environmental, societal and
economic dimensions is needed in our pursuit of
development and enhanced quality of life.
Therefore, with the advent of smart schools, it is the
hope that the future generations are adequately skilled and
equipped for the information age without compromising the
perpetuation cherished noble values and culture
VII. CONCLUSION
The smart school is a school that is designed to for
providing a standard virtual teaching learning environment
and as well as improving school management system.
328

Many studies have shown that without a well defined

policy in long term and short term basis concurrently, and
without a sustainable professional development mixed with
an standard virtual content and curriculum and also without
a close monitoring and evaluation, smart schools programs
would not be able to provide sufficient educational service
to students and these projects will eventually lead to failure
than the progress. In this reason, The UNESCO program
involves sustainable ICT integration at all levels of the
educational process especially for the development of smart
schools in developing countries [14]. One of the most
important problems of e smart schools that was observed
was related to the course content .In spite of the intense
consideration raised from the proposed framework, the
course content of the current system is not considered
related to the most important needs of the standard smart
schools. Smart schools could not adapt themselves to the
standard needs of teaching –learning processes and this
problem still exists in educational contents of these schools.
Still there are old course contents in the form of the new
methods of presentation and they are not able to change the
education of the students fundamentally. This problem may
arise from the fact that there is not any definitive definition
for the objectives of virtual education needed for smart
schools.
REFERENCES
[1] Henry, M., & Abala, A. (2009). E-learning research methods and
approaches. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the First Kuwait
Conference on e-Services and e-Systems.
[2] Andersson, A., & Grönlund, Å. (2009). A Conceptual Framework For
E-Learning In Developing Countries: A Critical Review Of Research
Challenges. The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in
Developing Countries, EJISDC (2009) 38(8), 16.
[3] Asemi, A. (2006). Information Technology and National
Development in Iran. Paper presented at the 2006 International
Conference on Hybrid Information Technology (ICHIT'06).
[4] Kousha, K. (2004). Iran's National ICT Education Plan: an Overview
of the Possibilities, Problems and the Programs. Paper presented at
the 70th IFLA General Conference and Council.
[5] Fullan, M., & Smith, G. (2001, 27-28 August). Technology and the
problem of change. Paper presented at the International Educational
Conference, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
[6] Douidi, L., Djoudi, M., & Khentout, C. (2006). AVUNET Author: An
Authoring System for Distance Learning Platform. [doi:
10.3844/jcssp.2006.249.256]. Journal of Computer Science, 2(3),
249-256.
[7] IEEE. (2003). IEEE Standard for Learning Technology—Learning
Technology Systems Architecture (LTSA): IEEE Computer Society -
Learning Technology Standards Committee.
[8] Jahangard, N. (2003). The Goals of Educations in the Information Era.
TAKFA Magazine, 1(5-6).
[9] Fullan, M., & Smith, G. (2001, 27-28 August). Technology and the
problem of change. Paper presented at the International Educational
Conference, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.
[10] Davis, S. A., & Bostrom, R. P. (1993). Training End Users: An
Experimental Investigation of the Roles of the Computer Interface
and Training Methods. MIS Quarterly, 17(1), 61-85.
[11] Foong-Mae, C. (2002). ICT in Malaysia schools: Policy and
 strategies. Paper presented at the Seminar /Workshop on the
Promotion of ICT Education to Narrow the Digital Divide, Tokyo,
Japan
[12] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds.
New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
[13] World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our
Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[14] UNESCO. (2005). Draft International Implementation Strategy for
the DESD. (Retrieved August 10, 2006, from the World Wide Web:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001403/140372e.pdf)

329
Citations (3)
References (12)
 ... Most of the research is designed for students to share their experiences in applying
the knowledge they have achieved in integrated learning facilities that include tasks,
lesson materials, lesson plans, assessment of learning outcomes, and can measure
student achievement (Sampebua, 2018;El-Halawany, 2008). A Smart school is an
initiative for making school system relevant to the changing nature of the workplace (El-
Halawany, 2008;Soltani, 2012;Omidinia, 2013). Other describe as a learning institution
that has been systemically reinvented in terms of teaching, learning and learning
environment for the refinement of the school management processes (Omidinia,
2013;Attia, 2016;Vinod, 2017). ...
... A Smart school is an initiative for making school system relevant to the changing
nature of the workplace (El-Halawany, 2008;Soltani, 2012;Omidinia, 2013). Other
describe as a learning institution that has been systemically reinvented in terms of
teaching, learning and learning environment for the refinement of the school
 management processes (Omidinia, 2013;Attia, 2016;Vinod, 2017). The research
implemented with web based application model and integrated with mobile application
system. ...
Smart School Framework for Boarding School Based on Service System Engineering
Conference Paper

o Nov 2019
o

Rizqiya Windy Saputra

o Dedi Kurniawan
o Heru Widada
o

Putri Rizkiah

View
Show abstract

 ... The instructional process is supposed to do both motivate (Vero & Puka, 2017) and
involve students in creative, educational, cognitive, and scientific activities ( Bidabadi et
al., 2016;Serdyukov, 2017) and be integrated, in which multimedia resources are used (
Takeuchi et al., 2016). The examples of such technologically advanced learning models
are Smart Classroom, Flipped Classroom, Sustainable one (Essays, UK, 2018;Gerstein,
2012;Omidina, Masrom & Selamat, 2013). The above-mentioned envisages the
necessity of adapting the education system based on the flexibility of all its parameters
(place, time, terms of training, curricular, content, forms, methods, etc.), mobility, and
the use of educational technologies (European Commission, 2018). ...

Assessment of Instructors’ Technology Competency to be Used in the Settings of Formal

and Non-Formal Education
Article
o Aug 2019
o Myroslava P. Vovk
o Halyna I. Sotska
o Olena V. Trynus
o Olga Ja. Muzyka

View
Show abstract

 ... SSMS system is not just resumed in three major lines (teaching, learning and
administration), however these lines have changed permanently with the development
[13] of other activities that allows schools to host, administrate, help teachers, track and
monitor students even report and communicate with the parents [12]. One of the most
important problems of smart schools is related to the course content, which still exists
and needs to be treated [14]. Researches considered the interactive teaching-learning
science educa- tional course ware as a solution to taxonomic analysis related to the
pedagogical problems in the smart school [15]. ...

Multi-Agent Systems and Ontology For Supporting Management System in Smart School

Conference Paper

o Oct 2018
o

Zouaoui Samia

o
 Rezeg Khaled

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1. Easy access to information

This is perhaps the biggest benefit of a smart classroom. This is because such a
classroom uses many gadgets that have internet connection such as mobile, laptops,
and tabs. Thanks to all these devices it is easier for students to gain access to
information on the internet. Now, students have all the information that they need about
any kind of topic they want to know about. It is basically at their fingertips. In fact, this is
beneficial for the teachers as well. This way, they are able to learn outside the syllabus
as well and this only enriches them further.

2. Taking notes on a digital medium

One of the biggest features of a smart school is that students can take their notes by
using digital devices such as pens and tabs. This way they are able to save a significant
amount of their learning time as well. No longer do they need to carry all those heavy
notebooks and textbooks to class. Technology such as Google Docs has also made it a
lot easier for the teachers to come up with documents and presentations. This can add
major value to their students’ education.

3. A better understanding of topics through digital tools

If students learn to topics in a better way, chances are that a smart class would be a
much better bet for the same. The learning sessions at these classes normally use
many visual aids. This includes powerpoint presentations, word documents, audio
sessions, and video screenings, to name a few. They play a major role in conveying the
lessons in a way that is a lot more understandable. At times, a simple picture is a good
enough substitute for thousands of words.

4. A great option for students who are absent

One thing with smart classes is that they are always being recorded. This means that
even if you were to miss a couple of sessions you need not to feel bad. This is because
there would always be the video recordings to fall back on in case you need them. You
can go through the videos and also email the teachers in case you happen to have any
doubt about the same. In a traditional classroom, the students always find it hard to
copy down all the information that the teacher is providing them.

5. Learning in a dynamic manner

It is common knowledge that not all students in a class have the same power to grasp
things. As far as the weak students are concerned they always find it hard in traditional
classrooms. But, the smart classrooms – by being as dynamic as they are – have made
it easier for these students to learn at a pace that they are comfortable with. Mention
needs to be made of the visual effects concepts that are being used in these classes.
These effects make the entire lesson a lot clearer and this benefits these weak students
in particular.

6. A teaching environment that is interactive

The digital tools are now an integral part of these smart classes. This is why the
teaching environment over here can be called interactive in the truest sense of the term.
It is one where both students and teachers have definite roles to play. This kind of
learning makes the entire process a lot more transparent. It is a lot better than what it
would otherwise have been. This improves the interaction between the students and the
teachers in a significant way as well. It also improves the bond between these
individuals as well. This is because they are able to communicate outside the school
with the help of emails and messages.
7. Paper is replaced by digital tools

Each year students use tons of paper in order to take notes. These days, there is a lot
of emphasis on being environment-friendly and this is the reason why most of the
businesses are going paperless as well. In fact, by facilitating note-taking on digital
instruments it is now actually possible for the environment to be saved in a way. They
are creating a way to replace usage and wastage of paper. In such a concept there is
no place for photocopies and printouts, and this is helping reduce the carbon footprint
as well.

8. They are easy to maintain

In traditional classrooms, students have to spend a lot of money each year to buy the
necessary educational items such as books and pens to name a few. Even as they go
up these costs increase as well. However, with smart classes, such expenses can be
kept to the bare minimum. In these classes, all you need to do in this regard is to make
a onetime investment in the first year and buy those electronic gadgets.

Conclusion…

With the help of the technology available in these smart classes, students actually have
the chance to learn from the experts of various subjects. This is one facility that is not
available in traditional classrooms where it is the same teachers who take care of
various subjects and this is something that does not change at all. Apart from all these,
smart classes provide students more learning opportunities, makes the process of
learning a fun-filled one, help them learn new technology, allow them the option to
collaborate with others and learn, and their grades improve as well.

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