WEDNESDAY 2-5-2020

1. What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact?

a) To serve as a written set of rules for colonists to follow
b) To inform officials in England that the Mayflower had arrived
safely
c) To set up trading networks with other British colonies
d) To set the terms of indentured servitude for new arrivals

2. Which of the following was a key reason the Pilgrims were

able to survive the harsh conditions of the Plymouth colony?
a) The Pilgrims brought a sufficient surplus of supplies on their
journey to the colony.
b) The Pilgrims received support from Squanto and the
Wampanoag people.
c) The English sent regular supply shipments to the Pilgrims in
Plymouth colony.
d) The Pilgrims were a determined people who has little trouble
with the conditions of Plymouth.
Overview: Students will analyze the social,
political, and economic impact of expansion on
the U.S., the growing tensions between the North
and South, and how compromise sought to hold
the country together.
8.49 Analyze the concept of Manifest Destiny and
its impact on the development of the nation and
describe the economic incentives for westward
expansion.
8.50 Explain the reasons for and the provisions of
the Missouri Compromise (i.e., Compromise of
1820) and its impact on expansion.
 o Westward expansion key to U.S. success

o Early 1800s Americans headed west to settle unclaimed territory

o U.S. was destined by

God to expand its rule
and spread democracy
and capitalism across
North America

American Progress c.1873

The angelic woman represents America, leading the settlers
west and bringing light to the darkness.
 Missouri Compromise
o Maintain same number of free and slave states

o One side would not have more power

o Passed in 1819  Missouri admitted as slave state, Maine admitted

as free state

o Any new state north of the southern border of Missouri would not
allow slavery
 Check for
Understanding
(Exit Ticket)
THURSDAY 2-6-2020
Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck, and to provide for our posterity, is to follow the
counsel of Micah, to do justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this end,
we must be knit together, in this work, as one man. We must entertain each other in
brotherly affection. We must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the
supply of others’ necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all
meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other; make others’
conditions our own; rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always
having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, as members of the
same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. The Lord will be
our God, and delight to dwell among us, as His own people, and will command a blessing
upon us in all our ways, so that we shall see much more of His wisdom, power, goodness
and truth, than formerly we have been acquainted with. We shall find that the God of
Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when
He shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, “may the
Lord make it like that of New England.” For we must consider that we shall be as a city
upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God
in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us,
we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of
enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, and all professors for God’s sake. We shall shame
the faces of many of God’s worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into
curses upon us till we be consumed out of the good land whither we are going.

John Winthrop, 1630

5. Based on the source, which statement best summarizes the
author’s intentions for the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay
Colony?

A. Puritans were fulfilling a promise to their god to create a society

would inspire others to create similar religious and civil
communities.

B. Puritans were creating an individualistic society that placed

more emphasis on civil institutions than religious organization.

C. Puritans believed in predestination and thus did not believe that

their society could serve as an example to others.

D. Puritans sought for the development of a secular community

built upon the foundations of a strong boundary between church
and state.
6. A Puritan seeking religious freedom would have
most likely settled in which British colony?

A. Georgia

B. North Carolina

C. Virginia

D. Massachusetts
o Mexican government invited Americans to settle in Texas
o 1823  Stephen Austin led 300 families to settle
o Must become Mexican citizens & convert to Catholicism
o Settlers didn’t do either
o Mexico outlawed slavery  slaveholders
refused to free enslaved people

o 1830  Mexico bans Americans

immigrating to Texas

o Did not stop Americans from moving to

Texas: population of American settlers
doubled 1830-1834
o Began 1835
o Mexican President Antonio López de
Santa Anna marched to San Antonio
with 4,000 troops
o Representatives from Texas declared
their independence on March 2, 1836
The Fall of the Alamo c.1903

o March  5,000 Mexicans attacked the

Alamo

o All 187 Texan fighters were killed

o Later that month Santa Anna

executed 300 Texan fighters at Goliad
Alamo c.1860-1910
 o Americans were furious & flocked to Texas
to fight
o Sam Houston led attack at Battle of San
Jacinto on April 21
o “Remember the Alamo!”

o Santa Anna was captured

o May 14  Santa Anna signed Treaty of

Velasco, granting Texas its
independence
o Houston became president of the
Republic of Texas
o Lone Star Republic
 o Texans wanted to be annexed by the U.S.

o U.S. President Andrew Jackson did not want a civil war  free state or
slave state?

o Did not want a war with

Mexico  Mexico said
annexation would lead to
war

o Texas would be a
independent country for 9
years  admitted as slave
state on Dec. 29, 1845
o Mexico claimed southern border of Texas was Nueces River  Texan
boundary while under Mexican rule

o U.S. claimed southern border of Texas was Rio Grande River

o Area between the 2 rivers was Mexican

state of Coahuila
 o Whig party and North did not want war  did not want slavery to
spread into newly acquired lands

o Democrats wanted war  wanted slavery to spread across southwest

o May 13  Congress declared war

o Americans supported war  60,000 volunteers joined military

o U.S. won war in 2 years

o June 1846  John Frémont led a group of American settlers  took
control of Sonoma, California
o flag had a grizzly bear on it  Republic of California
o August 1846  Stephen Kearny led troops 800 miles from Fort
Leavenworth, Kansas, to Santa Fe, New Mexico
o Governor fled  most New Mexicans wanted to join the U.S
o took control of New Mexico without one casualty
o Kearny continued to California  joined Frémont and U.S. Navy
Commodore John D. Sloat
o Mexican troops quickly gave up  California
was under U.S. control by 1847
 o Southern front  Taylor’s men captured Monterrey in September
o Mexican President Herrera asked Santa Anna to lead army
o Anna convinced Polk he would negotiate peace  when he returned
he took control of Mexican army & attacked the U.S.
o Battle of Buena Vista (February 1847)  Taylor beat Santa Anna
o Winfield Scott sailed to Vera Cruz, Mexico  took control of port
o Marched to Mexico City  invaded & took control on September 14
 o February 2, 1848
o U.S. gained:
• Texas, New Mexico, & California  Mexican Cession
• included present-day California, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico,
Wyoming, Nevada, & Utah
• Rio Grande River was established as Mexican-U.S. border
o Mexico was given $15 million for the lands
o Mexicans living on those lands were guaranteed:
• freedom of religion
• bilingual elections
• open borders
• Gadsden Purchase established current Mexican-US border
 Complete Frayer Model,
Check for
Crossword, Dates & Events, and
Understanding
Timeline.
(Exit Ticket)
FRIDAY 2-7-2020
7. Roger Williams is best known for his views on…

A. The importance of theocratic form of government.

B. The purge of dissidents from the colonies to ensure

salvation.

C. The importance of the separation of church and state in

government.

D. The expulsion of American Indians from the lands of the

first colonies.
To order and dispose of the affairs of the people… and do for
ourselves and our successors... enter into this combination and
confederation together, to maintain and preserve the liberty… in our
civil affairs to be guided and governed according to such laws, rules,
orders, and decrees as shall be made…

8. Based on this source, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

supported what idea?

A. Self-government

B. Theocracy

C. Mercantilism

D. Monarchism
Overview: Students will analyze the social, political,
and economic impact of expansion on the U.S., the
growing tensions between the North and South, and
how compromise sought to hold the country
together.
• 8.55 Analyze the discovery of gold in California, its
social and economic impact on the U.S., and the
major migratory movement (including the forty-
niners and Asian immigrants).

• 8.56 Explain the reasons for and the impact of the

Compromise of 1850 (including Henry Clay’s role
as “The Great Compromiser”) and the Fugitive
Slave Act (including Harriet Beecher Stowe’s
influence with Uncle Tom’s Cabin).
o One month before U.S. gained California, GOLD was discovered!

o Sutter’s Mill in Sierra Nevada mountain ranger near Coloma

o Before gold, population  6,500 Californios, 700 non-Californios,

150,000 Native Americans
o End of 1849  100,000 people migrated to California

Gold miners in El Dorado, California c.1850

o “Forty-Niners” included Americans, people from the Sandwich Islands
(present-day Hawaii), Mexico, Chile, Peru, & China ( largest group
to migrate to California)
o San Francisco became main city in region
 o Mining towns popped up all over the west  “Old American West”
o 95% population were young men
o Whites were majority
o 1849  California outlawed slavery
o Population did not always get along
o Laws were passed that only allowed white Americans to own land

Mining town, Gold Hill, Nevada Mining town, Virginia City, Nevada c.1866
c.1866
 o Growth slowed by mid-1850s, but other states’ populations grew
o Once gold was gone mining towns were abandoned  ghost towns

Garnet ghost town (Montana)

Randsburg ghost town (California)

 Compromise of 1850
o California asked to become a state

o This would throw off power balance

 California would be admitted as a free state

 Citizens of new states of New Mexico and Utah would vote (popular
sovereignty) to decide if slavery would be banned

 Slavery would continue to be allowed in Washington, D.C., but the

slave trade would be prohibited there

 Fugitive Slave Law was passed

o Required northerners to return people who escaped slavery to their
slaveholders

o If they did not  pay fines or be put in jail

o North refused to enforce the law

o Massachusetts called for it to be nullified

o 9 northern states passed personal liberty laws  banned

imprisonment of enslaved people who had ran away & guaranteed
they would have a jury trial

o South was OUTRAGED

https://tn.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ms1
6.socst.us.cw.fugitive/mercy-street-fugitive-
slave-act-1850/support-materials/
MONDAY 2-10-2020
Monday
Bell Ringers
• Answer questions
1 and 2 in your study
guide.
• Explain why or how
you picked that
answer.
Overview:
Students will analyze the social, political, and
economic impact of expansion on the U.S.,
the growing tensions between the North and
South, and how compromise sought to hold
the country together.

8.52 Analyze the reasons for and outcomes of

groups moving west, including the
significance of: •Fur traders •Mormons
•Oregon Trail •Santa Fe Trail
 o U.S. & Great Britain both claimed Oregon Territory
o Port cities on coast made trade with the Far East possible
o More Americans living here than British, but U.S. did not want a war
with Great Britain
 o Settlers headed west during 1840s
o Independence, Missouri  Portland, Oregon (Williamette Valley)

o Dangerous and long journey

o Took six months if traveled 15 miles per day

o 1844  5,000 settlers had arrived

o Readily agreed to split Oregon Territory with Canada at
49th parallel
 Pack Your Wagon Activity
Complete the Pack your wagon activity in your
study guide.

https://youtu.be/w3HxADg7G_I
Exit Ticket
Reevaluate what you
would take west. Is
there anything you
would change?
TUESDAY 2-11-2020
Tuesday
Bell Ringers
• Answer questions
3 and 4 in your study
guide.
• Explain why or how
you picked that
answer.
Overview:
Students will analyze the social, political, and economic
impact of expansion on the U.S., the growing tensions
between the North and South, and how compromise
sought to hold the country together.

8.58 Explain the motivations behind the passage of the

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and analyze the effects of
act, including: •Rise of the Republican Party •“Bleeding
Kansas” •Preston Brooks’ attack on Charles Sumner •John
Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry

8.59 Analyze the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision and the

resulting split between the North and South.
 o 1854

o Now popular sovereignty (voting by the citizens) would determine if a

new state would be a free or slave state

HOLD ON…..
o Kansas AND Nebraska were both NORTH of latitude 36°30’
o Overturned the Missouri Compromise of 1820
o Anti- and pro-slavery groups rushed to the Kansas border to vote
o Violent fighting broke out

The Tragic
Prelude: John • Popular sovereignty
Brown leading pushed the nation
the fighting closer to war
during Bleeding
Kansas © 2017 Brainy Apples/Heather LeBlanc, LLC
 o Dred Scott was a slave who lived in various free states before
returning to Missouri (slave state)
o Sued for his freedom
o Argued that living in a free state entitled him to freedom
In March 1857, the US Supreme Court ruled:
o An enslaved person was property & had did not have any rights
o A free African-American was not a US citizen & could NOT sue
o An enslaved person can’t become free by traveling to a free state or
territory
o Congress can’t prohibit slavery from expanding west
Since slaves were property, slave owners
had the right to take their slaves into free
states and territories.
Since slaves were property, they could not
become free just by being in a free state
or territory. © 2017 Brainy Apples/Heather LeBlanc, LLC
 o John Brown- abolitionist who fought in Bleeding Kansas
o Moved east in 1857 & planned a rebellion
o Oct. 1857- led raid on a federal armory in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
o Wanted to seize weapons and give them to slaves
o Wanted armed slave uprisings
Brown’s raid failed
o Brown was captured and executed for treason
o Further inflamed tensions between the North and the South
o North viewed him as a martyr
o South began militarizing for future raids

Inside of the
Engine-House
that Brown used
as a fort during
his raid on
Harper’s Ferry.

© 2017 Brainy Apples/Heather LeBlanc, LLC

o Formed in the 1850s
o Opposed slavery
o Abraham Lincoln became presidential candidate for the
1860 election
o Many southerners believed he was against slavery and
the South
o Lincoln wasn’t on the ballot in many southern states

© 2017 Brainy Apples/Heather LeBlanc, LLC

Application
Complete the Key
terms and timeline in
your study guide.

Timelines should
include any major
events discussed this
week or last week in
class.
Exit Ticket
How did
Westward
Expansion
contribute
to the
outbreak
of the Civil
War?
WEDNESDAY 2-12-2020
Wednesday
Bell Ringers
• Answer questions
5 and 6 in your study
guide.
• Explain why or how
you picked that
answer.
Overview:
Students will analyze the social, political, and
economic impact of expansion on the U.S.,
the growing tensions between the North and
South, and how compromise sought to hold
the country together.

8.60 Explain the arguments presented by

Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln on
slavery in the Illinois Senate race debates of
1858.
 Step 1: Their View
• Read Lincoln’s and Douglas’ speeches.
• What is their opinion on slavery?
• Choose one quote to support your answer.
 Step 2: Justification
• Read Lincoln’s and Douglas’ speeches.
• Restate Lincoln’s and Douglas’ arguments in
your own words.
 Step 3: Political Cartoon
• Read Lincoln’s and Douglas’ speeches.
• Sketch out a political cartoon showing their
views on slavery.
 o Joined newly formed Republican Party in 1858
o Republican Party was against slavery expanding into the territories
In 1858, Lincoln ran for the US Senate for the 2nd time.
(He lost in 1855 the first time)
o During the Illinois Republican Convention on June 16, 1858, Lincoln
gave one of his most famous speeches  House Divided

o Lincoln warned the “US government cannot endure, permanently, half

slave and half free”
o Lincoln didn’t believe the threat of slavery came from the slaveholding
southern states
o Lincoln believed the threat of slavery came from popular sovereignty
allowing the territories decide for themselves if they would allow
slavery or not (Douglas supported popular sovereignty)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
 o Lincoln thought slavery was morally wrong
o Only the federal government had the power to end slavery
Lincoln reassured the South he would not work to end
slavery where it already existed.

o Wanted to preserve the Union

o Knew the South’s economy relied in agriculture and slave labor

o Many northerners, including Lincoln, believed slavery was morally

wrong and the future success of the US depended on industrialization,
not agriculture

o Lincoln lost the US Senate election

 Step 4: Exit Ticket
• Read Lincoln’s and Douglas’ speeches.
• Complete the , “How might you describe . . .”
THURSDAY 2-13-2020
Thursday
Bell Ringers
• Answer questions
7 and 8 in your study
guide.
• Explain why or how
you picked that
answer.
Overview:
Students will analyze the social, political, and
economic impact of expansion on the U.S.,
the growing tensions between the North and
South, and how compromise sought to hold
the country together.

8.55 Analyze the discovery of gold in

California, its social and economic impact on
the U.S., and the major migratory movement
(including the forty-niners and Asian
immigrants).
 Gold Rush Simulation
Have fun.

Learn something.

May the odds ever be in your favor!

 Exit Ticket
Reflection:
Who was most likely to make it rich?

What do you think will happen to your character

next? Use historical evidence to support your
answer.
FRIDAY 2-14-2020
Friday
Bell Ringers
• Answer questions
9 and 10 in your
study guide.
• Explain why or how
you picked that
answer.
Overview:
Students will analyze the social, political, and
economic impact of expansion on the U.S.,
the growing tensions between the North and
South, and how compromise sought to hold
the country together.

8.55 Analyze the discovery of gold in

California, its social and economic impact on
the U.S., and the major migratory movement
(including the forty-niners and Asian
immigrants).