What Is Anxiety Disorder?

Name : Shula Talitha Ardhya Putri

Stc. No. : DP
 OUTLINE
Topic : Anxiety Disorder
Narrowed Down : -What caused anxiety disorder?
-The different types of anxiety disorder.
Purpose : To inform
Title : What Is Anxiety Disorder?

Introduction
Thesis statement : Anxiety disorder are common and require treatment, there are three things
we should know about anxiety disorder.
Body
I. What caused a person to develop anxiety disorder?
 Genetical and environmental factors
 Medical factors and brain chemistry
II. The different types of anxiety disorder
 Panic Disorder
 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
III. Treatment for anxiety disorder
 Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
 Medical Treatments
Conclusion
 What is Anxiety disorder?
Anxiety is a normal human emotion. Many people feel anxious or nervous, when
faced with a problem at work, or before taking a test or making an important decision.
Anxiety disorder, however, are different. They cause such distress that it interferes with
person’s ability to lead a normal life. An anxiety disorder is a serious mental illness. People
with anxiety disorders respond to certain things or situations with fear and dread, as well as
physical signs of anxiety such as pounding heart and sweating. For people with anxiety
disorders, worry and fear are constant and overwhelming, and can be crippling. An anxiety
disorder is diagnosed if the person can’t control the response or if the anxiety interferes with
normal functioning. Anxiety disorder can get worse if not treated, however, effective
treatments are available. Anxiety disorder are common and require treatment, there are three
things we should know about anxiety disorder.
What actually caused an anxiety disorder? First is genetic factors. Genetics can
caused an anxiety because People who have family members with an anxiety disorder
are more likely to have one themselves. Second is Environmental factors. Environmental can
caused an anxiety because elements in the environment around an individual can increase
anxiety. Stress from a personal relationship, job, school, or financial predicament can
contribute greatly to anxiety disorders. Even low oxygen levels in high-altitude areas can add
to anxiety symptoms. The other is medical conditions can lead to an anxiety disorder, such as
the side effects of medication, symptoms of a disease, or stress from a serious underlying
medical condition that may not directly trigger the changes seen in anxiety disorder but might
be causing significant lifestyle adjustments, pain, or restricted movement. The last is brain
chemistry. Stressful or traumatic experiences and genetic factors can alter brain structure and
function to react more vigorously to triggers that would not previously have caused anxiety.
Psychologists and neurologists define many anxiety and mood disorders as disruptions to
hormones and electrical signals in the brain.

There are so many types of anxiety disorder, but only have three common types.
There are Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder.
First is Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by
excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about events or activities. This excessive
worry often interferes with daily functioning, and sufferers are overly concerned about
everyday matters such as health issues, money, death, family problems, friendship problems,
interpersonal relationship problems, or work difficulties. Symptoms may include excessive
worry, restlessness, trouble, sleeping, feeling tired, irritability, sweating, and trembling.
These symptoms must be consistent and ongoing, persisting at least six months, for a formal
diagnosis of GAD. GAD is also common in individuals with a history of substance abuse and
a family history of the disorder. Standardized rating scales such as GAD-7 can be used to
assess severity of GAD symptoms. Medications which have been found to be useful
include duloxetine, pregabalin, venlafaxine, and escitalopram. In a given year, about two
percent of American adults and European adults experience GAD. Globally about 4% are
affected at some point in their life. GAD is seen in women twice as frequently as men.
Second, is Panic disorder it’s an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring
unexpected panic attacks. Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may
include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that
something terrible is going to happen. The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within
minutes. There may be ongoing worries about having further attacks and avoidance of places
where attacks have occurred in the past. The cause of panic disorder is unknown. Panic
disorder often runs in families. Risk factors include smoking, psychological stress, and a
history of child abuse. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes of anxiety
including other mental disorders, medical conditions such as heart
disease or hyperthyroidism, and drug use. Screening for the condition may be done using
a questionnaire. Panic disorder is usually treated with counselling and medications. The type
of counselling used is typically cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which is effective in
more than half of people. Medications used include antidepressants and
occasionally benzodiazepines or beta blockers. Following stopping treatment up to 30% of
people have a recurrence. Panic disorder affects about 2.5% of people at some point in their
life. It usually begins during adolescence or early adulthood but any age can be affected. It is
less common in children and older people. Women are more often affected than men.
For the treatment, anxiety can be treated by Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and
Medical Treatment. First, it’s Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). CBT is a structured
psychological treatment which recognized that the way we think (cognition) and act
(behavior) affects the way we feel. CBT involves working with a professional (therapist) to
identify thought and behavior patterns that are either making you more likely to become
anxious, or stopping you from getting better when you’re experiencing anxiety. Once you've
recognized any unhelpful patterns that are contributing to your anxiety, you can make
changes to replace these with new ones that reduce anxiety and improve your coping skills.
For example, you might find yourself stuck in catastrophising thinking patterns. This means
thinking the worst, believing something is far worse than it actually is, or anticipating things
will go wrong. CBT helps by teaching you to think that more realistically and focus on
problem-solving. If you actively avoid situations or things that cause anxiety, CBT can help
you face your fears and approach these situations more rationally. Professionals may use a
range of techniques in CBT. Examples include, encouraging you to recognize the difference
between productive and unproductive worries, teaching you how to let go of worries and
solve problems, teaching relaxation and breathing techniques, particularly muscle relaxation,
to control anxiety and the physical symptoms of tension.CBT can be delivered one-on-one
with a professional, in groups, or online. For the Medical Treatments, it divided into two
different treatment. First, it’s Antidepressant medication. Some types of antidepressant
medication can help people to manage anxiety, even if they are not experiencing symptoms
of depression.Research indicates that when people have an anxiety condition, specific
changes occur in their brain's chemicals – serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine.
Antidepressant medication is designed to correct the imbalance of chemical messages
between nerve cells (neurones) in the brain. Learn about the different classes of
antidepressant medication. The antidepressant medication gives a side effect like, nausea,
headaches, anxiety, sweating, dizziness, agitation, weight gain, dry mouth and sexual
difficulties (e.g. difficulty becoming/staying aroused). The second one is, Benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines (sometimes called minor tranquillisers and sleeping pills) are a class of drug
commonly prescribed in the short term to help people cope with anxiety conditions.
Benzodiazepines promote relaxation and reduce tension, but are not recommended for long-
term use as they can reduce alertness, affect coordination, and can be addictive. They may be
useful for a short period of time (two or three weeks) or if used intermittently as part of a
broad treatment plan, but not as the first or only treatment.
We know that there are so many anxiety types. So we have to be careful about what
actually caused anxiety and how to handle them.
Sources
 https://www.beyondblue.org.au/the-facts/anxiety/treatments-for-anxiety
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323456.php#causes
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_disorder