THOMAS JEFFERSON

– enlighten the Americans

– All men are created equally
– America’s apostle of liberty
1. Declaration of independence - America is independent; mass of equality (King
George III)
2. summary via of the rights oof British America - America should be
INDEPENDENT
PEN IS MIGHTIER THAN SWORD

GOTTFRIED WILHEM LIEBNEZ

– last universal genius
– Calculus, Binary Arithmetics, 2 wheeled mechanical calculator
– Differentiation and Integration
– Binary Notation for Computer
– Modality - other possible world in the mind of God

ISAAC NEWTON
– Mathematician, Philosopher, Physicist
– Cambridge
– Reflecting Telescope
– Optics, Mechanics, Mathematics
– Father of Modern Physics

GALILEO GALILEI
– Father of Observational Astronomy

JOHANNESS KEPLER
– German astronomer, mathematician
– Astronomia Pars Optica
– Father of Modern Optics
– Pin hole camera (formation of pictures)
– Far and near sighted eyeglasses
– both eyes for deception
– DIOPTRICE
– real, virtual, upright and inverted images and magnification
– Telescope
– 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION
– Astronomia nova, harmonices mundi, mysterium cosmograph
– law of elipsiss - all planets revolve around in certain objects -sun
– 2nd
 – 3rd - harmony

THOMAS HOBBES
– Tutor, Philosopher
– Paris because was afraid of ENgland government
– Leviathan best known work)
– Elements of Philosophy Trilogy
– Humans were inherently bad (greedy …)
– Thus law needs to be form/government to face this problem
– authorities to control people!!!!
– SOCIAL CONTRACT
– “State of Nature”
– give up our liberty to initiate force, and the government that is given the same
liberty is legitimate
– Elements of Philosophy Trilogy
– The de cive, de corpore, de homine (citizen, body, man)
– Politics
– De cive - political component (liberty empire religion)
– metaphysics math physics logic

RENE DESCARTES
– French philosopher, mathematician
– father of modern philosophy
– geometry and algebra
– cartesian/analytical geometry
– rules for the direction of the mind
– discourse on the method
– never accepting anything the truth unless proven (???)
– initially defended his Catholic faith but actually gave them the chance to shift
philosophy
– Moral philosophy
– Passions of the Soul
– Morality and Psychology
– Benevolent God
– Dualism - mind can control the body and vice versa
– Moralism

THOMAS PAINE
– American writer, political pamphleteer
– greatest political propagandists
– The rights of men (defense of french revolution)
– Benjamin Franklin - gateway for writing
 – The Common Sense
– 1 year in Seven Years War
– Excise officer (England)
– Benjamin Franklin - immigrate to America
– Philadelphia magazine
– Amicus, Atlanticus
– The American crisis
– Rights of man - treason
– Age of reason (true and fabulous theology)
– 6 mourners’

JOHN LOCKE
– medicine
– Liberalism
– Cannot evaluate true value
– Tabula rasa
– Everything we know is derived from experience
– Christ Church Oxford (Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle)
– Two treaties of government
– Thought concerning education
– Letter concerning toleration
– Ruler should be with the citizen’s permission/grant